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REPORT

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ON THE

MORTALITY OE CHOLERA

IN

ENGLAND,

1848-49.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET,
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.

1852.

/‘efts' t$

CONTENTS.

LETTER OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
SIR GEORGE GREY, Bart., M.P., Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for
the Home Department.

Letter to the Registrar General, by William Farr, Esq.

PART I.

Page

REPORT TO THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL on the MORTALITY OF CHOLERA.
Importance of having a complete Abstract of the Facts connected with the Cholera
Epidemic from the Register Books of Deaths ii

Method of making the Abstracts, and Explanation of the Tabular Results . . . ii-iii

England devastated by Plagues from the earliest times : — Plagues of the 6th and 7th Cen-
turies ; Black Death of 14th ; Sweating Sickness of 16th; Plagues of 17th Century . iii

Practical Effect of the Diffusion of the true Doctrines of Public Health .... iv

Examples showing that the Health of various parts of the Kingdom is not equally Bad . iv

Mortality at Different Ages .......... iv

The Health- of the People is Worst in Large Town Districts . ..... iv

Deaths at Different Ages, contrasted in Districts where the Mortality is Low and where it

is High .............. v

Names of some Healthy and Unhealthy Districts ........ vi-vii

England the Healthiest Country in the World ........ vii

Cholera more Fatal in Asia than in Europe ........ vii

Course and Progress of Cholera — Dates of its reaching different Places . . . . vii-viii

Survey of the prevalence of Cholera and Diarrhoea in England since the Registration Act

came into Operation ............ viii-xi

Progress of Cholera in London in 1848 ......... xi

Extracts from the Registrars’ Weekly Returns; Distinction between Summer Cholera and

Asiatic Cholera ; time when the former merged into the latter ..... xii-xvi

Table showing the Comparative Duration of Fatal Attacks of Diarrhoea, Summer Cholera,
and Asiatic Cholera ............ xvii

Cholera in the South-Eastern and South-Midland Divisions in 1848 . . . xvii-xviii

Great Mortality from Cholera in the Chesham Sub-District of Amcrsham in 1848, and
Abstract of the Fatal Cases .......... xvii-xviii

Cholera in the Eastern, South-Western, West-Midland, North-Midland, North-Western,

A ork, Northern and Welsh Division — Names of the Districts in which it was most Fatal

in 1848 .............. xviii-xx

If

IV

CONTENTS.

Page

Cholera in England, 1849— Remarks on its'Progress — >ts prevalence in Public Institu-
tions, and Dates of its Appearance in particular Districts ...... xx-xxiii

London Cholera Field, 1849 — London the Centre of a Great System of Attack: the
Extent of the London Cholera Field shown ...... . xxiii

Cholera broke out as the Temperature advanced in London : its Progress traced— Ex-
tracts from the Weekly Reports — Proportion of Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea to
10000 Persons Living ........... xxiii-xxviii

While Cholera prevailed in London, all the region around suffered — Names of Districts

which were Attacked, and Proportion of Deaths to 10000 Inhabitants . . . xxviii-xxx

Portsmouth Cholera Field.— Names of Districts which Suffered, and Rate of Mortality xxx
Plymouth Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered, and Rate of Mortality-

Places on the Coast severely Visited ........ xxx-xxxi

Bristol Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered, and Rate of Mortality . xxxi
Merthyr Tydfil Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered — Progress of the

Epidemic and Rate of Mortality . ........ xxxii -xxxiii

Wolverhampton Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered, and Rate of Mor-
tality xxxiii

Liverpool Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered ; Progress of the Epi-
demic in Large Town Districts of Lancashire, and Rate of Mortality . . . xxxiii-xxxvi

Hull Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered; Progress of the Epidemic,

and Rate of Mortality xxxvi-xxxviii

Tynemouth Cholera Field. — Names of Districts which Suffered ; Progress of the Epi-
demic, and Rate of Mortality xxxviii-xxxix

Influence of Sex on the Mortality from Cholera. — Proportion Dying among Males and
Females in England from Cholera and from all Causes : when the Mortality from Cholera
attained a High Rate, the Deaths of Females exceeded those of Males. Table showing
the Number of Fatal Cases of Cholera in London among Males and Females at different
Ages, in each of 15 Weeks in 1849 ...... ... xxxix-lxi

Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea at Different Ages. — Comparison of the
Deaths among Males and Females at Different Periods of Life: after the Age of 25 the
chances of dying increase with age. Table showing the Mortality per Cent, amoug Males
and Females from Cholera and Diarrhoea in 1849, ai‘d from all Causes, 1838-44, at Dif-
ferent Ages, in England ........... xli-xlii

Duration of Fatal Cases of Cholera.— Explanation of the Chances of Dying within a
given Period from the Time of Attack. Table supplying a ready Means of Calculating
the future Duration of Fatal Attacks at any Stage of the Disease . . . • xliii-xliv

Cholera Epidemics of 1832 and 1849 Compared. — Tables showing the Population and

the Deaths from Cholera in different Districts, during the Uo Epidemics . . xliv-xlvi

Influence of the Seasons in 1831-2 and in 1848-9. — Remarks on the Prevalence of the
Epidemic in Different Months, and Tables showing the Mortality, during each Month,
in England, London, Paris, and Liverpool .... ... xlvi-xlvii

Meteorological Influences. — Explanation of Diagrams illustrating the Progress of
Cholera, and the Meteorological Phenomena, on each Day of 1849 — Remarks on the
Circular Diagrams, showing the Mortality and Temperature in each Week of 1 1 Years,

1840-50 ............. xlvi-xlviii

Plague and Cholera Years in London. — Remarks on the Diagrams showing the Mor-
tality in London during the Great Plague Years ...... xlviii-xlix

Fatal Days of the Week. — Table showing the Number of Deaths on each Day of the

Week in all England, in London, and in the other parts of England .... xlix

Locality. — Remarkable Variation in the Mortality of different Localities, illustrated by
several Tables, showing Population, Deaths, and Area, in Districts and Groups of Dis-
tricts on the Coast and Inland; in the Seaports, in large Inland Towns, and in the Coal
Districts ............. xlix-lvii

Cholera three times more Fatal on the Coast than in the Interior of the Country . li-lii

Names of Large Inland Towns in which Cholera was only Slightly Fatal in 1849 . liv

CONTENTS.

V

Page

Great Mortality in Merthyr Tydfil : Filthy State of the Town described . . . . Iv-lvi

Dates of the Epidemic Attacking certain Districts ....... lvi

Causes of the Mortality in London .... Ivii

(i.) The Thames and the Water Supply.— Mortality in Districts supplied by each

Water Company — Number of Gallons raised by evaporation from the Thames . lviii-lxi
(2.) Elevation. — Elevation of the Soil has a more constant relation with the Mortality
from Cholera than any known element : Mortality from Cholera is in the
Inverse Ratio of Elevation — Remarks — Tables and Diagram illustrating the
Comparative Mortality of Districts at different Elevations .... lxi-lxv

(3.) Density. — Density a less Important Element than Elevation — Remarks and
Tables illustrating the Influence of Density of Population on the Mortality from
Cholera. ............ lxvi

(4.) Wealth and Poverty. — Remarks and Tables illustrating the Influence of Wealth

and Poverty on the Mortality from Cholera ...... lxvi-lxviii

Mortality in London from Ordinary Causes ........ Ixviii

Conditions in which Cholera is Most Fatal. — Comparative Influence of Density,

Wealth, and Elevation of the Soil ......... lxix-lxxi

Number of Persons Attacked by Cholera in England ...... lxxi

Cause of Cholera is some Chemical Modification of Organic Matter .... lxxii

Origin of Epidemic Cholera in the Delta of the Ganges. — Extracts from Reports of

Army Medical Officers in India ......... Ixxii-lxxiii

Theories and Analogies —

(1.) The Theory of Volcanic Agency ........ Ixxiv-lxxv

(2.) The Electrical Theory ......... lxxv-lxxvi

(3.) Bad Water — Practice among Native Indians of using Boiled Water . . . lxxvi

(4.) The Fungus Theory ........... lxxvi

(5.) Theory that Cholera is Propagated by Human Intercourse, and that it is a Local

Affection of the Alimentary Canal ....... Ixxvi-lxxviii

(6.) Theory of Contagion .......... lxxviii-lxxix

(7.) Hypothesis of Spontaneous Developement lxxix-lxxx

(8.) The Zymotic Theory . _ . . . . . . . . . lxxx-lxxxiii

The Pestilences of the Present Day are most Fatal in Low Places : —

(1.) Ague and Remittent Fever. — The Fever of the Mediterranean and the Tuscan

Maremma ........... lxxxiv-lxxxv

u (2.) Yellow Fever; its Prevalence in Lands of Low Elevation — The Delta of the
Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico its Great Centre ; — Fever in the West Indies
and the West Coast of Africa ....... lxxxv-lxxxvii

(3.) Plague; its Prevalence in Lower Egypt on Alluvial Ground; on the European
Shores of the Bosphorus ; in Syria, Persia, and the Coasts of the Mediter-
ranean— Table showing the Excess of Mortality, in different Parishes of Loudon,
in the Plague Year, 1665 ......... ]xxxvii-xc

The Human Race Destroyed Periodically by Five Pestilences. — Conditions under which
they are most Prevalent — Moral and Physical Characteristics of the Inhabitants of
Healthy and of Unhealthy Localities ; in High Lands and on Low Marshy Coasts . xc-xciv

Sanatory influence of Healthy Localities on the Human Frame — Effects of Elevation on

Health, Mortality, and Race ......... xciv-xcv

The Finest Races of Animals are bred in the most Healthy Localities . . . xcv-xcvi

Pestilence a great Warning as well as a great Calamity ...... xcvii

Salubrity one of the Causes of the Greatness of England— The Importance and the Means

of Preventing a Deterioration of Race ........ xevii-xcviii

VI

CONTEXTS.

Conclusion — Practical Suggestions : —

(i.) Safety is enjoyed by removal from Infected Places to the high Salubrious Districts
(2.) Strangers should avoid visiting Towns in an Epidemic .....

(3.) When the Population is removed, it should be to High and Dry Ground, where
Good Water can be procured .........

(4.) High Places away from Marshes are also generally Sait; Asylums from Plague,
Yellow Fever, Remittent Fever, and Ague .......

(5.) Armies Suffer more on the March than iu Station — Danger of Encamping on Low
Grounds by Rivers . . . . . . .

(6.) Travellers in Unexplored Countries should not Rest on Low Swampy Spots
(7.) Intercommunication. — Quarantine of little avail ......

(8.) Food .............

(9.) Water .............

(10.) Removal of Refuse . . ... . . . -

(11.) Air ..............

(12.) Earth. — Importance of Good Sites for Dwellings. .

(13.) Colonies. — Importance of the Selection of Good Sites for New Towns
(14.) Climate. — The necessity of Sanatory Measures in India . . . . .

(15.) The Medical Profession. — The Office of Medicine is to raise Men to a IIich
Standard of Health ; and to Prevent as well as to Cure Sickness .

Pace

xeix

xeix

xeix

xeix

xeix
c
c
ci
ci
cii
cii
cii -cii i
ciii
ciii

ciii— civ

TABLES : —

Annual Mortality per Cent, from All Causes in the Seven Years, 1838-44, in
each of the Statistical Districts of England, arranged in the order of the Mortality of

Females cvi-cxi

Annual Mortality per Cent, from All Causes at different Ages 1838-44), in each
Statistical District of England, arranged in the order of the Mortality of Females,
in each of the 11 Divisions of England ....... cxii-cxxv

Annual Mortality per Cent, from All Causes at different Ages (1 38 44', in
21 Healthy Statistical Districts of England ....... cxxvi

Annual Mortality per Cent, from All Causes at different Ages (1838-44), in

33 Unliealthy Statistical Districts of England ....... cxxvii

Mortality per Cent, from Cholera among Males and Females, at different Ages, in

each of the 11 Divisions of England in 1849 ....... cxxviii

Mortality per Cent, from Diarrhcea among Males aud Females, at Different

Ages, in each of the 1 1 Divisions of England in 1849 ..... exxix

Mortality from Cholera and Diaurikea in some of the Most Fatal Districts in 1849 exxx

Deaths from Cholera in England aud in London ou each Day of each Week of the

Year 1849 cxxxi

Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhcea in each Division, County, and District of

England, 1849 .......... cxxxii-cxxxix

Districts in which there were No Deaths from Cholera in 1849 . . . cxl-cxli

Area, Population, and Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea, in 1849, and from All

Causes in the 10 Years 1841-50, in 47 Seaport-Town Districts .... cxlii

Area, Population, and Deaths from Cholera aud Diarrhcea in 1849, and from All

Causes in the 10 Years 1841-50, in 41 Inland Town Districts .... cxliii

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea on each Day of the Most Fatal Months of
1849 in the following Groups of Districts: —

(1.) Portsea Island and Alverstoke. (2.) Salisbury ..... cxliv

(3.) Plymouth, East Stonehouse, and Stoke Damerel. (4-) Bristol, Clifton, aud

Bcdminster ........... cxlv

(5.) Wolverhampton and Dudley. (6.) Liverpool and West Derby . . . exlvi

(7.) Manchester, Chorlton, and Salford. (8.) Leeds and Ilunslet . . . cxlvii

(9.) Hull and Sculcoates. (10.) Tynemouth, South Shields, Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, and Sunderland . .

(11.) Merthyr Tydfil, Cardiff, and Neath.

cxlviii

cxlix

CONTENTS.

Vll

Deaths from Diarrh<ea, Dysentery, and Cholera, registered in London in each
Week of the ii Years 1840-50

Elevation, Area, Number, and Annual Value of Houses, Population, and Deaths from
Cholera, in the London Districts ........

(1.) Districts of London, arranged in the order of Mortality from Cholera
in 1849, and exhibiting the coincident Results derived from the Facts given
in the previous Table ...••••••

(2.) Districts of London arranged in the order of their Elevation above the
Trinity High-Water Mark, of the Thames, and coincident Results cor-
responding with those in the previous Table (1) .... clvi-clvii

(3.) Districts of London arranged in the order of their Density of Population,
and coincident Results corresponding with those in the previous Tables
(1 and 2) .......... clviii-clix

(4.) Districts of London arranged in the order of the Annual Value of House
and Shop-room, and coincident Results corresponding with those in the
previous Tables (1, 2, and 3) ...... clx-clxi

(5.) Districts of London arranged in the order of their Annual Mortality
from All Causes (1838-44), and coincident Results corresponding with
those in Tables (r, 2, 3, and 4) ...... clxii-clxiii

Diagram of the London Districts, showing their Elevation, their Mortality from
Cholera, and from all Causes; their Density of Population, Value of Houses, and
Amount paid for Relief of the Poor ; also their Water Supply .... clxiv

Diagram of the London Sub-Districts, showing their Elevation and Mortality from
Cholera .......... ... clxv

Sub-Districts of London arranged in the order of their Elevation, showing the

Mortality from Cholera to 10000 Inhabitants ..... clxvi-clxviii

Average Mortality from Cholera in Groups of Sub-Districts of London, arranged
in the order of their Elevation ....... . clxix

Deaths from Different Causes in London during the Week when the Mortality

from Cholera was Highest ......... clxx-clxxii

Meteorology of the 11 Years 1841-5 1 ........ clxxii

Weekly Number of Burials from All Causes in London during Plague Years,
compared with the Average of 7 Years (1640-46) and with the Cholera Year

1849 * clxxiii

Deaths of Males and Females from Cholera, in London, in each of 65 Weeks

(October, 1848, to December, 1849) ..... .... clxxiv

Page

cl

clii-cliii

cliv-clv

MAP AND DIAGRAMS.

[To be placed at the end of Part J.]

Plate

Map of England, shaded, showing the prevalence of Cholera in different localities, and the
dates of its appearance in 1849 ........... 1

Diagram, in Colours, representing the Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea in England on
each Day of the Year 1849 ; also the Meteorological Phenomena recorded at Greenwich
on the corresponding Days ............ 2

Diagrams, Coloured, representing the Deaths from Cholera in each of the 11 Divisions of
England on each Day of the 7 Months, May to November, 1849 • • . • . .3

Diagrams, in Colours, representing the Temperature and Mortality from all Causes in

London for each Week of ii Years, 1840-50 4

Diagrams representing the Deaths in London in each Week during the Plagues, and con-
trasting the same with the Average Mortality in 7 ordinary Years (1640-46), and with the
Cholera Year, 1849 .............

Mil

CONTENTS.

PART II. — TABLES.

Page

184b. — Deaths from Cholera in the Divisions and Counties of England during the year

1848, and in the Months of October, November, and December . . . 1-2

, , Deaths from Cholera in the Divisions of England, in each Week of the last Three

Months of 1848 ........... 3

, , Deaths from Cholera at different Ages, in the Divisions of England, during the last

Three Months of 1848 .......... 4

1849. — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea (distinguishing Sex) in each of the Divisions,

Counties, and Districts of England, during the Year 1849 .... 5-19

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in England, on each Day of each of the

Twelve Months of 1849 .......... 20-21

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in the Eleven Divisions of England, on each Day

of each Month of 1849 .......... 22-33

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in the several Counties of England, on each

Day of each Month of 1849 ......... 34-105

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in London, on each Day of each Month of

1849 106-107

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, at different Ages (distinguishing Sex), in

each of the Divisions and Counties of England, during the Year 1849 • • 108-119

, , Deaths from Cholera in England, and in each of the Eleven Divisions in 1849 ; show-
ing the Duration of the Attacks among Males and Females at different Ages . 120-165

, , Notes on Cholera, giving a brief Sketch of remarkable Facts connected with the
Epidemic ; also showing the Population, 1841, and the Number of Deaths from
Cholera and Diarrhoea in 1849, in each of the 2189 Sub-Districts of England . 166-300

TO THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE GREY, BART., M.P.

*4

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department.

General Register Office, 10 th February , 1852.

Sir,

I have the honour to submit to you the following Report on the Mor-
tality of Cholera in England.

I was requested in 1850 by tbe General Board of Health to make out a
“ Return of all Cases of Cholera that had occurred in England and Wales,
distinguishing Sex and Age.”

After well considering the subject, I thought it desirable, not only for the
use of the General Board of Health, but for circulation throughout the country,
that a complete history of the late epidemic should be drawn up from the facts
recorded in the register-books of deaths, distinguishing not only sex and age,
but also the profession, the date of death, the place of death, and the duration
of illness of all persons who died of Cholera or Diarrhoea in the years 1848
and 1849; giving not only the bare facts but exhibiting in Tables the various
combinations of age, profession, locality, &c.

This duty has been confided by me to Mr. W. Farr, the Examiner and Com-
piler of Abstracts in this department. The Tables have been framed under his
direction with the greatest care and accuracy, and are illustrated by various
ingenious Diagrams ; and the following Report has been written by him after
much research and great attention given to the subject.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your faithful Servant,

GEORGE GRAHAM,

Registrar- General.

TO THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL.

Sir,

In the Report which I have the honour to submit to you, I have endea-
voured to carry out the investigation which you deemed desirable ; and to show
the effects of all the circumstances recorded in the Registers on the fatality oi
the greatest epidemic that has for many years infested England.

In conformity with the plan sketched in your letter the abstracts were care-
fully made under the superintendence of Mr. J. T. Hammack ; the tabling
was superintended by Mr. J. Thornton ; the calculations by Mr. W. Clode.
The diagrams on Plates 2, 3, were drawn by Mr. C. A. Cocke ; the other dia-
grams by Mr. J. R. Sowray. The notes and observations in the London Weekly
Tables were greatly extended during the progress of the epidemic ; and were,
except in the interval from August 11th to September 22nd, under the charge
of Mr. J. Angus. All these duties were discharged with great care and ability.

The Census of March 31, 1851, was published after the first calculations of
the mortality of the epidemic were made ; and advantage was taken of the new
Population Returns to determine, accurately, the mortality of the districts of
London and of the country, in which the disease had been most fatal. When
the numbers and ages of persons living in tbc different professions and occupa-
tions are ascertained from the Census Returns, the influence of occupation on
health, on this and on other diseases, can be determined.

I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

WILLIAM FARR.

Statistical Branch,

General Register Office,

February 7, 1852.

PART I.— MORTALITY OF CHOLERA.

I

REPORT

ON THE

MORTALITY OF CHOLERA IN ENGLAND,
1848-49.

If a Foreign Army had landed on the coast of England, seized all the seaports, sent
detachments over the surrounding districts, ravaged the population through summer,
after harvest destroyed more than a thousand lives a day for several days in succession,
and, in the year it held possession of the country, slain rifty-three thousand two hundred
and ninety-three men, women, and children — the task of registering the Dead would be
inexpressibly painful; and the pain is not greatly diminished by the circumstance that
in the calamity to be described the minister of destruction was a Pestilence that spread
over the face of the island, and found in so many cities quick poisonous matters ready
at hand to destroy the inhabitants.

In following cholera through its fatal way, however, the inquirer meets with some
grounds of consolation. He sees places on every side which the epidemic passed over,
leaving the inhabitants in the serene enjoyment of health and complete immunity. And
the hope is perhaps not fallacious, that an examination of the results of the second may
be the means of mitigating, if not preventing_a third invasion ; for whatever may be the
immediate cause of cholera, it will appear evident that in England it is only seriously
fatal under certain known physical conditions, which admit to a great extent of remedy.

It is not necessary to describe here the nature of the disease. The task devolves on
others of analysing- the changes which the frame suffers under cholera ; of investigating
the effects of medicine; of relating the steps which were taken to relieve the population
attacked in various places; of discussing in detail the various theories which have been
produced to explain the phenomena ; and finally of portraying in this epidemic the moral
effects, which, as historians have not failed to perceive, possess the highest interest
in the great catastrophes of moriality.*

Under the Act for the Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages, the name, sex,
age, and occupation of every person who dies in England — as well as the time, place,
and cause of death — are registered. The whole of this system of observation and record
was in operation when cholera broke out. The quarterly abstract of deaths for the
whole kingdom, and the London tables which are published weekly — presented notices
of its rise, progress, and decline in particular di-tricis. When the epidemic was over,
it appeared desirable to give a complete abstract of the facts. Accordingly a list of
every case of death from cholera and diarrhoea, in 1849, was transcribed from the

* See the Report of the Board of Health ; and the appended Reports of Dr. Sutherland and Mr. Grainger,
whose active and arduous labours in the epidemic deserve the highest praise. The College of Physicians
has, it is understood, appointed a learned committee to report on the subject. The chemistry of the disease
is ably discussed by Dr. It. D. Thomson, Trans, of Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, vol. xxxiii.
The disease is well described by Dr. Budd, in the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, and sketched in
the Lectures of Dr. Watson, with his accustomed felicity and accuracy.

b

IX

Cholera Tables.

Registration volumes which for that year contained 440853 deaths. The roll of
deaths was in the following form : —

Population.

No. District. Sub-district. 1 83 1 1 841

45852 Nantwich. Nantwich. 8560 9431

Date
of Death.

Place.

Sex.

Age.

Profession.

Cause of Death.

1849.
July 10

Wych House Bank,

Nantwich

M.

6

Salt-boiler's Son

Cholera, 13 hours.

>> 9

Welch Row

F.

5

Confectioner’s Daughter

Cholera, 6 hours.

,, 10

Vauxhall

M.

72

Labourer ....

Cholera, 28 hours.

,, 8

Wood Street

F.

48

Basketmaker’s Wife

Cholera, brought on for

,, 10

Wood Street

9 9

M.

67

Shoemaker ....

want of the common
necessaries of life. —
Inquest.

Cholera. — Inquest.

The whole forms a large mass of manuscript, which contains the particulars of
72180 deaths. Upon inquiry it was found that the list of persons who died of
the two diseases would fill a tliick octavo volume of about 2500 pages. Three courses
were open ; (1) to publish those facts simply; (2) to publish the tabular abstracts
in detail ; or (3) to publish the abstracts and the salient facts relating to each locality in
a condensed forim The publication of the cases in detail would have been attended with
several advantages ; it would have enabled the medical men of the country to study the
particular facts in their respective districts, surrounded by the circumstances which
affect and modify the mortality ; and the publication of an extended tabular summary
ol the daily deaths in each of the 2189 sub-districts of the country would also have
possessed interest. As the work on e-ther plan would, however, have been exceedingly
voluminous, the third course was adopted : in the meantime the manuscript list of the
72180 cases, and the extended tabular abstracts, are preserved among the records of the
General Register Office, and will always be accessible to the local inquirer, as well
as to the general student of this great and extraordinary epidemic.

The first of the following series of tables shows that 1057 males and 877 females died
from cholera during the year 1848, and that of those numbers 612 males and 493
females, died in the three months of October, November, and December. '1 he numbers
in each county and division are shown separately (pp. 1 — 2). The weekly deaths from
cholera in each division, and the ages at death in the last three months, are added
(PP- 3—4)-

The second series of tables shows of the 53293 deaths from cholera, and 18887 fr°ni
diarrhoea during the year 1849, how many occurred in each of the 11 divisions, 44 counties
(or groups of counties), and 623 districts of England (pp. 5 — 19). The districts are
here arranged in the same topographical order as is adhered to in all the Reports of this
Office. Each district stands in its place, although no death from cholera was registered
within its limits ; the population of 1841 is set forth in a distinct column, and shows
the lowest numbers that could have been exposed to the attacks of the disease. In the
towns, and in the manufacturing and mining districts, the population was, of course,
much greater in 1849 than in 1841.

The third is a remarkable series of tables. It shows the number of deaths from
cholera and from diarrhoea on each day of the year 1849, in all England, in 11
divisions, and in 44 registration counties (pp. 20 — 107 ). Thus the march of the

epidemic through every county can be followed day by day.

In the returns that have previously been made of the mortality of cholera in this and in
other countries, only the deaths from that disease in parts known to be severely in'ected
have been inserted, and it is evident that under such a system — based- on imperfect
registration — many deaths must have escaped observation. But the causes of nearly
all the deaths in England are registered, and all the deaths of 1848 and 1849 are

Health of England. iii

recorded in the volumes from which the present return is derived ; so that the reader
can now trace the progress in place and time of the great epidemic through 17 millions
of people, settled over a wide extent of country, in all the various circumstances of life.
And the difference in the time of invasion, as well as the absence or the inconsiderable
mortality of the epidemic in places lying by the side of' districts overwhelmed by its
effects — is undoubtedly one of the circumstances which most deserve attention in the
study of cholera.

The fourth series of tables shows how many males and females died at various ages
of cholera and diarrhoea in the divisions and counties cf England. Taking 100 years
as the limit, the lifetime is divided into twenty equal quinquennial periods; and the
tables show that the deaths were distributed unequally over the whole of these periods.
The deaths in each of the first five years of life are separately given ; as in that short
interval of age a remarkable change takes place in the form and fatality of the disease.
(Tables pp. 108 — 119.)

A swift and precipitate course ending in dissolution, is a characteristic of all plagues,
and fixes attention in cholera. The duration of 39468 fatal cases of cholera, and of
7896 fatal cases of diarrhoea, is shown in the fifth series of Tables. The duration in
hours and days is exhibited at the quinquennial ages that have been already named.
Tables are given for all England, for England exclusive of London, and for each division
of the country (pp. 120 — 165). The 623 districts of England are divided into 2189
sub-districts. The population (1841), the deaths from cholera, and the deaths from
diarrhoea in each sub-district, are given in the notes (pp. 166 — 300) which close the
volume. The London Registrars returned every case of death from cholera or diarrhoea
weekly, and, in the height of the epidemic, daily, accompanied by any information which
either the informants, or their own observation, supplied, respecting the state of the
streets or houses in which the deaths occurred. This information was necessarily col-
lected in haste; but was found to be substantially correct, and had an excellent effect
at the time, in directing the immediate attention of the authorities to some of the most
crying evils that induced and aggravated the disease. A digest of these Registrars’ local
reports is embodied in the notes, which contain many curious ar.d suggestive facts ; and
the gentlemen who abstracted the cases were requested to compile from the transcripts
short notices of the first and last deaths, distinguishing the dates of such deaths ; as well as
the professions of the persons who died, and the localities which suffered most in every
sub-district. The local inquirer is requested not to accept any opinions expressed in
the notes, or the summaries of the facts themselves, as ultimate results ; but to consider
them only as indications of the direction in which investigation may be advantageously
employed. Upon the number of deaths returned, and the tabular results, lull reliance
may be placed ; as they have been derived directly from returns, and have been duly
checked.

It may increase the usefulness of this Report to give, from the registration returns,
a brief, connected summary of the progress of the epidemic, and to describe its effects
on the health and population of England. But it will be convenient to notice, first,
what the health of the country has been, and what it was immediately before this great
disturbing cause appeared.

HEALTH OF ENGLAND.

Although no regular Registers of Deaths were kept before the Reformation, the chro-
nicles show clearly enough that England has been periodically devastated by famines
and plagues from the earliest times. A large proportion of the population of the
island has been more than once swept away by these visitations. The great plagues
of the sixth and seventh centuries — which destroyed, according to some estimates, half
the inhabitants of tbe Eastern empire — extended to Britain. Besides the Black Death in
the fourteenth century, the sweating sickness of the sixteenth century, and the plagues of
the seventeenth century, terminating in the plague of 1663 described in detail by the
historians — a long catalogue of famines and epidemics may be given, which, though
briefly and imperfectly noticed in the chronicles, were perhaps not much less fatal.

After the Revolution the great plagues ceased; but the mortality was kept up by

b 2

IV

Health of England.

typhus, small-pox, influenza, and other zymotic diseases. The writings of Mead, Pringle,
Lind, Blane, Jackson, Price, and Priestley, — the sanatory improvements in the navy,
the army, and the prisons, — as well as the discovery of vaccination by Jenner, — all
conduced to the diffusion of the sound doctrines of public health, and had a practical
etfect, which, with the improved condition of the poorer classes, led to a greatly reduced
mortality in the present century. Since 1816 the returns indicate a retrograde move-
ment. The mortality has apparently increased. Influenza has been several times
epidemic, and the Asiatic cholera reached England, and cut off several thousands of the
inhabitants in 1832. It reappeared and prevailed again, as we have seen, with no miti-
gated violence, in 1849.

The health of all parts of the kingdom is not equally bad. Some districts are in-
fested by epidemics constantly recurring ; the people are immersed in an atmosphere
that weakens their powers, troubles their functions, and shortens their lives. Other
localities are so favourably circumstanced that great numbers attain old age in the
enjoyment of all their foculties, and suffer rarely from epidemics. The variations
in the mortality are seen in’the Tables (pp. cvi-cxxvii), which have been extracted and
arranged from the Ninth Annual Report. The rate of mortality is calculated on
2,436,648 deaths in the 7 years, 1838-44 ’ and on the population taken at the Census of
1841, in the middle of the period. On tracing over 324 sub-divisions of the country,
the force of death in males and females of different ages, the most remarkable differences
are discovered. Here of 1000 young children under 5 years of age forty die, there
a hundred and twenty die annually; here, of 1000 men of mature age (35-45) nine
die, there nineteen die yearly; of 1000 men of 45-55 years of age twelve die in one
district, thirty in another; at the more advanced ages of the next decennium (55-65)
twenty-four die annually in one, fifty in another district: of 1000 females of all ages
without distinction, 14 die annually in three districts, 15 die in eighteen districts, 17
(or less) in forty-eight districts. And in strong contrast, 23 in 1000 females die in
twenty districts, 26 in 1000 in three districts, 27 in seven districts, 31 in two districts.

The mortality at all ages, without distinction, differs much less than the mortality of
children, and less even than the mortality of men and women of the age of 35 and
upwards in the several parts of the country. The population from the age of 15 to 35
is unsettled ; at that age the emigration of servants and artizans from the country to the
towns takes place; and as consumption, the disease then most fatal, is slow in its
course, its victims in many cases retreat from the towns to their parents’ homes in the
villages to die. And the death is registered where it happens, not where the fatal
disease begun, so that, on comparison, it is told twice in favour of the towns; once in
being withdrawn from the town register, and a second time in being added to the
country register, to which it does not properly belong.

Independently of external causes, and by the force of a natural law, the mortality
varies at different periods of life: so that the rate of dying in two mixed popula-
tions may differ according to the varying proportions of children, young persons, or old
people. The series of tables (pp. cxii-cxxvii) shows the rate of mortality at six periods
of life, under five years, at 10-15, 35-45, 45—5 5 , 55—65, and 65-75. ^ *s shown in

the extreme cases, that when the general mortality is either high or low, the mortality
at nearly all these ages is high or low ; and a collation of the whole leaves little doubt
on the question of the relative insalubrity of the various parts of the country.

Upon looking generally at the health of the population, it will be found that people
suffer most in the great town districts. Liverpool and Manchester are the places of
highest mortality, then follow some of the districts of London, Merthyr Tydfil, Bristol,
South Shields, Macclesfield, Hull, several districts of Lancashire, Sheffield, Nottingham,
Leicester, Stoke-upon-Trent, Wolstanton and Burslem, Leeds, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Derby, Salisbury,
Northampton, Bradford, Gateshead, Shrewsbury, Walsall, Norwich, Colchester, Sun-
derland, Exeter, Worcester, Bedford, Dudley, Bath, Ipswich, Carlisle, Lancaster,
Cambridge, Aylesbury, Maidstone, Canterbury, Wycombe, Gloucester, Wakefield, and
Reading.

The mortality is not increased equally at every age in these districts. And it varies

V

Healthy and Unhealthy Districts contrasted.

considerably in the two sexes ; the returns for childhood, manhood, and old age, males
and females, conspire in proving the prevalence of general causes of insalubrity operating
with different degrees of intensity, but with much greater force than in other parts of
the country.

It is probable that under any circumstances a certain number of children born will
never reach maturity ; that in a numerous population there will every year be deaths at
all ages, from internal or external causes. In the present state of mankind it is im-
possible to say how small the inevitable loss by death is, as in every place, and among
all classes of people, certain known sources of insalubrity exist, which unquestionably
account for a part of the prevalent mortality. The annual mortality of males and
females of all ages in England is at the rate of 22 in 1000; in Glendale, Bellingham,
and Haltwhistle, three districts of Northumberland, the mortality in the same seven
years was 14 in 1000. Not to take an extreme case, a group of 21 statistical districts
has been formed, and a table of the mean mortality has been deduced from the whole;
which, as it represents the lowest rates of mortality hitherto observed, over a period of
seven years in a considerable population, may for the present be called the mortality of
man from natural causes. The excess of mortality over this standard may be un-
hesitatingly referred to artificial, unnecessary causes, in such tables as the following,
showing the waste of life and health in 40 town and city districts. An equal popu-
lition (100000) is saken at six ages; and it will be observed that the insalubrity tells
with most effect against childhood: the mortality under 5 years of age is raised 124
per cent. ; in manhood it is raised 77, 83, 70 per cent, at three ages, and in puberty
and old age 45 per cent. Out of a given number of men, at different ages, the deaths
by unnatural causes increase every year; for the table shows that to 100000 living in
each period, the deaths are 700 by unnatural causes at the age of 35-45 ; and 1060 at
45-55 ; 1682 at 55-65. The rate of mortality is raised in a less ratio, but to a much
greater extent in old than in middle age, for the natural mortality in old age is
high. The absolute number of deaths is greatest in infancy, as the number of old
persons living is small compared with the number of children living in every popula-
tion ; so that whether the ratio of increase on the natural rate of mortality, the actual
increase in the rate of mortality, or the number of deaths be regarded, children are the
most cruelly treated by the destroyer. Yet of- every 17 men w’ho die in towns, 7 die
by unnatural causes ; and of 1000 living at the age of 40, seven die ; at the age of 50,
eleven die ; at the age of 60, seventeen die; at the age of 70, twenty-six die every year
from causes evidently external and unnatural. Women escape with the least loss ; yet
five in every fifteen annual deaths would not happen in healthy places.

Annual Rate of Mortality per Cent, [or per 100000J in Healthy and Unhealthy Districts, also the
Excess of Mortality due to Unhealthiness.

MALES.

FEMALES.

Age.

Districts in which the Mortality is

Low.

High.

Excess,

Low.

High.

Excess.

0—5

IO-15

35-45

45-55

55-65

65-75

4- 323
•393

•913

1*276

2*396

5- 657

9*678

•572

1*613

2*336

4*078

8*224

5-355
•179
• 700
1 *060
1 • 682
2*567

3 *66o
•460
•992
1*172
2*131
4-799

8-405

•603

I'4II

1*895

3-323

6*964

4*745

•143

•419

•723

1 * 192

2 • 165

The table may he read thus without reference to decimal points. To 100000 boys living, 4323 die in
comparatively healthy places, and 9678 in unhealthy places, the excess of deaths chargeable on the latter
is 5355-

It often happens that unhealthy and healthy villages, streets, parishes, and towns are
in immediate juxtaposition ; and constitute parts of the same district. The effect of

vi Sanatory Survey of England.

this admixture on the results is, that the unhealthy districts are less unhealthy , and
experience a lower rate of mortality than they would if all the healthy parts were
eliminated. Upon the other hand, the healthy districts are made to appear less healthy
than they would if they consisted only of healthy places, inhabited by people in good
circumstances, under a proper course of diet, discipline, and exercise. The difference
in the mortality of the two classes of districts is therefore understated.

The healthiest districts of the country can readily be pic ked out of the tables. But
some may be named, as it is of importance that they should be generally known ; not
only for the sake of those who wish to resort to healthy localities, but that the precise
condition of the parishes and populations that live in the best health may be studied.

Among the healthiest Registration Districts in the country are Glendale, Bellingham,
Hal twhistle, Morpeth, Rothbury, Alnwick, Belford in Northumberland; Brampton and
Longtown in Cumberland ; Bideford, Holsworthv, South Molton, Torrington, Crediton,
and Barnstaple, in North Devon; Anglesea, Tregaron, Lampeter, Newcastle-in-
Emlvn, D<dgelly, Conven, Bala, Festiniog, Aberystwith, in Wales; Hendon and
Barnet in Middlesex ; Ciodstone, Reigate, and Dorking, in Surrey ; the Isle of Tnanet
(including Margate and Ramsgate*) and Eastry (including Deal) in Kent ; the Isle of
Wight; Blything, Mutford, Wangford, in Suffolk ; Havant, Catherington, Fareham,
Droxford, South Stoneham, New Forest, Lymington, Christchurch, Ringwood, Fording-
bridge, and Uomsey, in Hampshire; Steyning, Thakeham, and Worthing, in Sussex.

If the degrees of mortality are represented by shades on a map, or shadows on the
face of the country, Berwick-on-Tweed is slightly shaded, nearly all Northumberland
is white from the Cheviot Hills and Flodden to Otterbum and Hexhain away over
the forests, wastes, and fells, to Longtown, Brampton and the hilly regions, round the
lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland, to Ulverstone, north of Morecambe Bay. A
dark shade rests on Carlisle, and extends, growing lighter, over Cockermouth and
Whitehaven. From Newcastle down the Ty ne on both sides, the shades are thick and
dark, and over D irham along the west the lessening shadow reaches Barnard Castle.
The shadow over Yorkshire is light, the hilly north region is scarcely stained, and
generally the great basin of the Humber, with the Ouse and Trent, is clear, but darken-
ing shadows extend along the Ouse, the Aire, and the Don, becoming black over
Sheffiidd, Leeds, and Hull the great port of the Humber. Derby, Leicester, and
Nottingham, form a black triangle, sending a prolongation of shadow towards Sheffield
and Stoke-on-Trent, but surrounded on the other side by light spreading over Buxton,
the Peak of Derbyshire, much of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, and Lincolnshire.
Lancashire is covered with a mass of darkness, that the light points along the coast
can scarcely pierce. The blackness extends to Macclesfield, Stockport, Newcastle-
under-Lyme, Wolstanton and Burslem. Shadows extend in a line through Shrews-
bury, Wolverhampton, Dudley, Birmingham, and Coventry, with light on both sides,
and the shade descends to Tewkesbury, darkening over the Severn and Gloucester.
A shadow of some density stretches out in a south-westerly direction from Ely,
Wisbeaeh, and Kings Lynn, over Cambridge, Bedford, and Northampton, to Buck-
ingham. Norfolk, with the exception of Norwich, is made light by the contrast
with this region and another on the borders of Norfolk and Suffolk, extending from
Colchester, Ipswich, and Yarmouth, to Saffron Walden. Essex and Hertford are light ;
Middlesex white, out of London, which is darkly shaded. Kent has over it a light
shade, which turns dark over Chatham, Canterbury, Maidstone, and Dover. There is
a general whiteness over Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire with the Isle of Wight, and parts
of Berkshire, from the Thames to the sea; Reading, Brighton, Portsmouth, and South-
ampton, are the dark spots in this field. The misty shadow is quite visible over
Dorset, and grows cloudy over Wiltshire, of which Salisbury is the black centre; but
the mist clears away in North Wilts, and disappears m whiteness over the Cotswold
Hills, Westbury, and \\ heatenhurst in Gloucestershire, divided by the Severn. Tew kes-
bury, Newent, Cheltenham, and Gloucester, make the northern borders of Glouces-
tershire dark, and the shadow from Wiltshire descends on the southern border from

Some of these districts suffered from Cholera, as will be subsequently 6hswn.

Cholera.

vii

Devizes down the Avon, thickening over Bath, Clifton, Bedminster, and turning into
a black mass over Bristol. Somersetshire is shaded on the side next Wilts and along
the Avon, but is lighter towards the sea channel, and the whiteness is diffused over
Exmoor, Dartmoor, and the whole of North Devon. Dark shadows rest on Exeter, and
extend, growing much lighter, up the Yale of the Exe, to Tiverton. Plymouth,
Devonport, and Stoke Damerel are enshrouded in black mist ; but the expanse of this
great county is white, and so is Cornwall as far as Falmouth, but the parts to the south-
west, studded with mines, are shaded to the Land’s End. A tract of whiteness, sixty
miles in breadth, stretches from Devon, Somerset, and Cornwall, over the Bristol
Channel, and covers the western half of Wales, from the sea-shore to the mountains,
as far as Anglesea, Conway, and St. Asaph* Newport is dusk, Merthyr Tydfil is a
black mass, and the shades spread over Glamorganshire and Brecknockshire, the field
of the Welsh coal and iron works.

The light parts of the country in the map represent a population in health and
vigour, rarely attacked by zymotic diseases, living in considerable numbers to an
advanced age ; the dark parts are real “ valleys of the shadow of death,” where
the population is sickly, feeble, short-lived,- — where thousands of the infants are
convulsed, the children’s brains inflamed, tuberculous, distended with water, — where
small-pox, measles, and scarlatina, instead of being light eruptions, destroy the
structure of the skin, putrefy the throat, inflame the lungs, — where the natural process
of teething is often fatal to the child, childbearing to the mother, — where typhus,
pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and consumption, destroy thousands of lives, beieaving
families, and leaving multitudes of widows and orphans, following in the train of
untimely death. England, according to the latest observations, is the healthiest country
in the world,* yet it is not easy to calculate in ordinary times her losses by diseases,
from which parts of the country are free, and which the progress of social improve-
ment and medical science may remove. How can the sufferings of a large part of a
nation be estimated ? How can the effects of disorderly morbid states on the passions
and conduct of the people be weighed ? How can the value of time wasted, of great plans
perishing unmatured, of works cut short by death, of men taken from the service of
their country and mankind before their time, be measured ? If the loss is indefinite,
its magnitude is unquestionable. We have now to describe its increase by the invasion of
a foreign plague, which displayed a similar, but not the same partiality, in the selection
of its victims, as the ordinary endemics of the country.

CHOLERA.

Cholera is more fatal in Asia than in Europe ; and several partial epidemics are
described in the annals of India before the rise of that great epidemic of 1817, which
encircled the world, and destroyed men wherever it found them in the circumstances
that lend it power. The slow diffusion of that epidemic and its ravages through 1832
and 1833 in England have been frequently described. Since 1817 India has
experienced several partial epidemics. I11 1845 cholera was epidemic in Cabul, which
from 1839 to 1842 had been the seat of war, and the scene of great triumphs and
great disasters. Bombay was attacked in the spring of 1846, and a part of the army
of Scinde at Kurrachee was assailed by the disease in its most fatal forms. From
Affghanistan, the Punjaub, and Sinde, the epidemic extended over Persia and Syria
in 1846, reached Astrakhan at the mouth of the Volga on the Caspian Sea in June
1847, Moscow in September 1847, Petersburg and Berlin in June 1848, Hamburgh
in September 1848, Edinburgh at the beginning of October 1 848. f The epidemic

* The following Table is from the 6th Animal Report, p. xxxix. where the data will be found for
these and other estimates.

England 22 deaths annually to 1000 living.

France 24 , , , , xooo , ,

Prussia 27 ,, ,, 1000 ,,

Austria 30 ,, ,, 1000 ,,

Russia 36 ,, ,, 1000 ,,

f See Report of the Board of Health. Map.

viii

Cholera in England.

travelled at the same rate as the epidemic in 1830—1 ; the dates of the attacks of
which are given by Dr. Kennedy.*

The first epidemic starting from Bengal in August 1817, reached Bombay on
August 10th, 1818, and Astrakhan on September f 8th, 1823, and there it died away.
In Persia, several local epidemics appeared at intervals in the 7 years, 1823-30.
The great epidemic that traversed Europe is said to have sprung up in June 1830 on
the low western shores of the Caspian Sea. The velocity of the two epidemics only
differed in Asia: it was the same in Europe.

It is worthy of remark, that in the hot season of 1846, when the cholera epidemic
acquired great force about the Indus, summer cholera and diarrhoea prevailed with
great violence in England.

CHOLERA IN ENGLAND.

The deaths from cholera in England were 331 in 1838 ; 394 in 1839 ; 702 in 1840 ;
443 in 1841: and 1620 in 1842. The deaths from diarrhoea in the 5 years (1 838-42)
were 2482, 2562, 3469, 3240, and 5241. I shall trace the progress of the'-e diseases
from 1842 by the help of the Quarterly Returns. The slight increase of mortality
in the quarter ending September 30, 1842, was referred to diarrhoea and cholera, which
“was more preva'ent than usual in the season, though in a mild form.” According to
the Registrars (Reg. Gen. Quar. Rep. 1842, 3rd Qu ), “bowel complaint” prevailed at
Brighton, Plymouth, Dudley, Wolverhampton including Bib-ton, Birmingham, Liver-
pool, Manchester, several Lancashire districts, Leeds and Sunderland. English cholera
was fatal to 3 aged men at Northampton ; 1 person at Ipswich. It prevailed at
Deritend and Bordesley near Birmingham, Basford, Macclesfield, Liverpool (where 1
death was registered “Asiatic cholera” of 4 or 5 hours’ duration), West Derby, Black-
burn (where “ 29 persons died of cholera”), Bury and Bolton (where an “epidemic of
diarrhoea or English cholera prevailed among all classes”), Chorlton, Manchester, Salford,
Dukenfield sub-district of Ashton and Oldham, Bradford. In London (1842) 704 deaths
were referred to diarrhoea, 1 1 8 to cholera. Wages were reduced, and there was consider-
able manufacturing distress in this year. The men “ turned out ” in many districts.

1 843. In the summer quarter (July, August, September), “ bowel complaints ” were
noticed in Exeter, Wolverhampton, Lincoln, Nottingham; “an extensive mild fever
prevailed ” in Macclesfield, “ together with English cholera, but not of a fatal
character.” Diarrhoea was prevalent in Liverpool and West Derby ; 40 of the 95
deaths in Chorlton-upon-Medlock were “ from diarrhoea, cholera, or other diseases of the
bowels.” The symptoms, the Registrar states, were, in many cases — “ diarrhoea,
vomiting, and colic ; often with coldness of the skin, and sometimes of the breath ;
blueness of the skin and sunken eyes; the dejections sometimes colourless, with white
flakes, but generally bilious and feculent.” Cholera was fatal to 43 persons in the
Hulme sub-district. English cholera prevailed so far as to constitute an epidemic in
Manchester ; 1 case terminated fatally in 24 hours. Ashton, Oldham, and Halifax
were attacked by diarrhoea and “English cholera.” In the year 1843, 834 deaths were
referred to diarrhoea, 85 to cholera, in London.

1844. In the summer quarter, 47 cases of cholera were registered in London, 414
of diarrhoea. A case of English cholera was registered at Kingston in Portsea Island.
Diarrhoea was prevalent and fatal in Bedford, Clifton, Stroud, Dudley, Wolverhampton,
Coventry, Macclesfield, Chorlton, Manchester, and Huddersfield. In the quarter
ending December, 5 cases of cholera were registered in London ; 3 at Sedgley in the
Dudley district, where “ bowel complaint” continued prevalent. In the year 705 deaths
were referred to diarrhoea, 65 to cholera, in London.

* See the valuable and lucid History of Contagious Cholera,
p. 198. Report of Hoard of Health. Map.

Astrakhan .... July 20, 1830

Moscow Sept. 1830

Petersburgh .... June 26, 1831

Berlin Aug. 31, 1831

Hamburgh .... Oct. 1831

Sunderland .... Oct. 24, 1831

Edinburgh .... Jan. 22, 1832

by J. Kennedy, 3rd edit. 1832.

June 1847
Sept. 18, 1847.

June 1848.

June 1848.

Sept. 1848.

Oct. 4, 1848.

Oct. 1, 1848.

Map,

IX

Cholera, 1845-6.

1845. Only 26 deaths from cholera were registered iri London during the summer
quarter: 2 deaths from cholera occurred in St. George’s, Clifton; 1 in Sedgley, Dudley.
In the autumn quarter of the year 2 deaths from cholera happened in Sheffield North.
Cholera and diarrhoea were rare, and attracted little attention. In this year 841 deaths
were referred to diarrhoea, and 43 to cholera, in London.

1846. The winter quarter (January, February, March) was exceedingly mild, the
mortality low. In the remarks attached to the June quarter, it is stated that there was
an evident tendency in the mortality to decline through the 7 spring quarters
1839-45; kut that in the spring of 1846, this tendency was counteracted, and the
deaths exceeded the average. The deaths in London, at the close of June, from
diarrhoea, dysentery, and common cholera, rose to 40 weekly. The progress of the
epidemic abroad, and the bad sanitary condition of London and many towns, justified
the warning in the remarks of this quarter, — not to wait until cholera reached the
country, but to look before, and to remove the nuisances which give the disease breath,
life, and being, Tne air was 2° above the average temperature, and the horizontal
movement was less than it was in spring, 1844, in the proportion of 655 to 948 miles
weekly. In the summer quarter (July, August, September) of 1846, an extensive
epidemic prevailed. The 5 weeks from July 11 to August 15 were the most fatal in
London. Young children were the principal sufferers : it had the usual symptoms of
cholera infantum. “The disease also proved fatal to many old people; and some
adults died of attacks which could not in their symptoms be distinguished from Asiatic
cholera. It was, however, quite evident from the first that the epidemic had not the
characters of (hat malady which broke out here in the winter of 1832, but was closely
allied to the cholera described by Sydenham, which he says lasted a month and — “ earn
anni 'partem , quae cestatem fugientem atque autumnum imminentem complectitur
(unice ac eadem prorsus fide , qua veris primordia hirundines, aut insequentis
lempestatis fervorem cucidus), amare consuevit.”*

While the deaths in London were little more than 14 per cent, above the return of
1845, the deaths rose from 25,166 to 38,826 — or about 52 per cent, after a correction
fir increase of population— in the towns and other districts of the kingdom, included
in the return. In some of the densely-peopled towns the mortality was doubled. The
deaths in the corresponding summer quarters of the past and present year were, in
Maidstone, 124 and 239; Brighton, 219 and 364; Portsea Island, 239 and 433;
Winchester, 89 and 141 ; Oxford, 89 and 194; Northampton, 182 and 220; Bedford,
182 and 255 ; Ipswich, 119 and 240; Norwich, 308 and 454; Plymouth, 191 and
279 ; Clifton, 323 and 436 ; Worcester, 106 and 173 ; Dudley, 457 and 745 ; Walsall,
1 57 and 288 ; Wolverhampton, 438 and 687 ; Wolstanton and Burslem, 164 and 315*
Coventry, 188 and 300; Nottingham, 285 and 467 ; Lincoln, 154 and 246. No such
mortality has been witnessed in Birmingham for many years; the deaths in 1845 were
694, in 1846 they amounted to 1623. In Liverpool and the adjacent district of West
Derby, the deaths in the summer quarters of 1845 and 1846 were 2596 and 4090; in
Manchester, and the contiguous districts of Salford and Chorlton, 2408 persons died in
1845, and 4297 in 1846. Stockport, Macclesfield, Chester, Blackburn, Preston, Bury,
Bolton, Wigan, Prescot, Ashton, and other districts of Cheshire and Lancashire,
suffered to an equal or a greater extent. The districts of Yorkshire did not escape ;
1039 persons died in Sheffield, where only 446 died in the summer quarter of 1845, and
the mortality in any preceding summer since 1838 had never exceeded 647. Hudders-
field, Leeds, Hull, and York suffered severely. In Sunderland, Gateshead, Tyne-
mouth, and Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1170 deaths were recorded in the summer quarter of
1845, and 2313 in the corresponding quarter of 1846. The epidemic was apparently
as fatal in the inland towns as in the ports.

Upon the other hand, the mortality of the quarter was below the average in Pontypool
and Newtown; but slightly above the average in the other districts of Wales; and
generally the country and southern districts suffered comparatively little. f

* Sydenham Opera. Obs. Med. Anni 1669. He also describes the severer epidemic of 1676, “ Insueto
tempestatis calore evectus.”

t Reg. General's Report on the State of the Public Health in the quarter ending September 30, 1846.

X

Cholera and Influenza, 1847-8.

The diarrhoea was in some districts of a dysenteric character, but generally chole-
raic, and often terminated in English cholera. At Nottingham a case was returned as
Asiatic cholera, terminating in 12 hours. In London 1549 deaths in the quarter were
referred to diarrhoea, 75 to dysentery, and 197 to cholera. In the last quarter of the
year diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, influenza, and typhus were unusually common in
London, and in many other town districts. The iron, coal, pottery, cotton, and woollen
districts, and generally the counties north of Staffordshire, were severely visited.
Scarlatina was fatal in the northern districts. In the year 2152 deaths were referred
to diarrhoea, 228 to cholera, in London-.

1847. The temperature of the winter quarter was below the average; inflammation
of the lungs aud typhus prevailed. Diarrhoea and fever raged among the poor starv-
ing Irish, who flew from the famine caused by the potato failure to England. From
the same cause provisions were dear; there was much distress in many parts of the
country. In the spring quarter (April, May, June), the mortality, in the words of the
Quarterly Report, “ increased ; common cholera was fatal ; scurvy prevailed more or
less over the country from the want of vegetable food, the potato having failed; all
food became scarce and dear; typhus broke out, is still epidemic, and shows no sign
of decline.” In the summer quarter (July, August, September), the mortality slightly
decreased in the country ; in London there was no sign of improvement. Small-pox,
measles, scarlatina, diarrhoea, dysentery (slightly), typhus, and ervsipelas prevailed:
ill persons died of typhus in one week ; epidemics of typhus and influenza set in,
and made the mortality in the last quarter of the year higher than in any quarter of
any year since the registration commenced. The mortality in London was raised by
influenza from 1086 in the week ending November 20, to 1677 in the week ending
November 27; 2454 in the first, 2416 in the second week of December: the
epidemic and the mortality then gradually declined. The deaths, directly or indi-
rectly caused by influenza, were not less than 5000 in six weeks. In the year
diarrhoea was fatal to 1976, cholera to 1 1 7 persons, in London: 307 deaths were
referred to dysentery.

1848. The influenza epidemic extended into the winter quarter of 1848 (January,
February, March), and the mortality was greatly above the average. Typhus, scarla-
tina, hooping-cough, and small-pox were epidemic in many parts. The mortality of
Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, and Liverpool remained exceedingly high. Inthe
next three months “ a very remarkable improvement in the state of the public health ”
was observed ; the mortality was but slightly above the average of the season. In-
fluenza was no longer epidemic in London. Typhus, which was fatal to 1279 persons
in the last quarter of 1847, declined from that time, and in the June quarter of 1848
was only fatal to 882 persons. “ There is as yet no trace of the epidemic of cholera,
which is ravaging Russia from Moscow to St. Petersburgh, and is ascending the
Danube.”* The mortality in the summer quarter (three months, July, August, Sep-
tember) was below the average. “ The improvement in the public health is consider-
able, in all the divisions of the kingdom, except London.” * The principal seats of
the carpet, iron, pottery, silk, and cotton trades are particularly cited ; and the improve-
ment is ascribed to the comparative cheapness of provisions, and the infrequency
of fever consequent upon the diminution of Irish immigration. Diarrhoea was,
however, prevalent in Brighton, Ipswich, and Yarmouth, in Dudley, Walsall, Co-
ventry, Birmingham, and Leeds. Dysentery was rather more fatal than usual ; it
caused 65 deaths in Penzance, and was also fatal to many persons in Marazion, the
neighbouring sub-district. The mortality of the autumn quarter (October, November,
December) was “ below the average;” yet cases of “Asiatic” or “ epidemic” cho-
lera occurred in October, and in the remaining months of the year.

1934 deaths were referred to cholera; 829 in the first nine months, and 1 105 in the
last three months of the year 1848. The former were generally considered cases of
common “English” cholera; many of the latter were universally held to be “Asiatic”
cholera. The two forms are often not distinguished in the rcturus. The cases, sepa-

Registrar-General's Quarterly Report*, 1848.

What is Diarrhoea ?

xi

rately considered, run so insensibly into each other, that the attempt at distinction
would have been fruitless. They differ perhaps, in fact, no more than distinct and
confluent small-pox, simple and malignant scarlatina, simple and phlegmonous
erysipelas, which are properly held to be varieties of the same maladies.

Without entering into any disquisition in pathology, it is also necessary to notice here
the connexion of diarrhoea and sporadic cholera with Asiatic cholera. Diarrhoea, in
the sense of u dejectio frequens ,” frequently accompanies teething in children; it is
the result of a whole class of medicines, and of irritating, indigestible food. Many poi-
sons induce it. It is one of the most constant symptoms of typhus, and runs insensibly
into dysentery. The last stage of consumption is marked by colliquative diarrhoea.
Like pain and “ fever,” it is a symptom of many diseases. “ It is often brought on
by that power which is exerted in every part of the body of freeing itself from any-
thing painful and oppressive” (Heberden’s Commentaries). The ulceration of the
intestines in typhoid fever, in consumption, and in dysentery, are its common causes ; in
many cases no structural change can be detected in the mucous membrane ; and many
of the purgative medicines are first absorbed and taken into the blood before their
specific action is induced.

In abstracting the cases of 1849, for the series of tables in this volume, all cases
returned as “ cholera,” whether English or Asiatic, cholerine, “ bowel complaint,”
and diarrhoea simply, or as a complication of other diseases, were transcribed. All
the cases in which the term “ cholera” or “ choleraic diarrhoea” occurred, were re-
ferred to cholera; about 300 cases, in which diarrhoea was evidently a symptom of
consumption, or some other disease, were struck out; the residue of the cases was
classed under diarrhoea.

Excluding the symptomatic affection, such as is observed in fever, consumption, and
enteritis, there is evidently an idiopathic disease, which may properly be called
diarrhoea, and is as constantly observed in English towns when the temperature rises
above 6o° as bronchitis and catarrh when the temperature falls below 32 ’.

Again, wherever dysentery is epidemic, a great number of cases occur which exhibit
all the intermediate symptoms between simple purging without fever and the cha-
racteristic fever, pain, and bloody mucous discharges of dysentery. The dysentery
often begins as simple diarrhoea. In such circumstances the diarrhoea is really a con-
stituent part of epidemic dysentery, modified by the condition, place, and age of the
patients. In like manner, the diarrhoea which is generally prevalent at the same
time as cholera, often painless, with rice-water evacuations,* vomitings, and slight
spasms, is to be held, in its various shades, a constituent part of the cholera epidemic.
Many of the cases of diarrhoea in 1 849, it maybe held, however, were of a simple
character, and of the same nature as the diarrhoeas of other years.

We shall now give a more particular account of the progress of cholera in 1848, and
of the first appearance of the new epidemic form.

CHOLERA IN LONDON, 1848.

London. — In London deaths \vere referred to cholera in every month of 1848: 3 were
registered in the weeks of January, 3 in February, 2 in March, 4 in April, 3 in May,
8 in June; the increase taking place in the third week of June, when the mean
daily temperature rose and remained above 6o°. The disease was epidemic, and
the deaths registered in July were 66, in August 64, in September 31. The deaths
from cholera registered in each week of these three months w’ere, 3, 7, 9, 21, 26, 21,
19, 17, 7, 7, 7,6, 7, 4. This epidemic subsided in September; it presented little that
w;as extraordinary in its course, or in the number of cases. The deaths registered from
cholera in the first week of October were 13, and in the twelve subsequent weeks of the
quarter, 30, 45, 34, 65, 62, 54, 34, 20, 21, 29, 31, and 30. The temperature was

* Dr. R. D. Thomson has shown that this fluid is not the serum of the blood, but has the same
chemical qualities as the effusions into serous membranes. The light flakes are the epithelial scales
of the intestine. — On Cholera, Trans. Royal Med. Chir. Soc., London, vol. xxxiii.

Xll

1848. Summer Cholera in London.

declining; yet the mortality increased rapidly in October, and 65 persons died from
cholera in the first week of November. The cases were severe and rapidly fatal. It
was evidently the epidemic cholera — the Asiatic cholera. To every one accustomed to
observe popular disease the difference in the two forms was striking. Some extracts
from the weekly table will show their different characters. The following is from the
notes to the week when the common summer epidemic of cholera was at its height : —

Cases of Cholera Registered in the Week ending July 29 th.

In Bel "rave (sub-district) F. 54, “Asiatic cholera (58 hours' duration).''

Mr. Jorden, the Registrar, states that “ this was a distinct case of Asiatic cholera (?), occurring in
his own practice, of whicli he had seen much both at home and in the East. The patient was said to have
suffered from a severe attack, when it prevailed before, some 16 years ago. She was of delicate health,
and suffered from psoriasis inveterata. She was attacked suddenly in bed at 4 o’clock in the morning,
having the day before dined on half-boiled cabbage and some sort of dumpling.’’

In St. John the Evangelist, Westminster, a boy, aged 4 months, “ cholera infantum (4 dags’ duration)."
In the same sub-district, a boy, 3 months, “cholera infantum (4 dags).’ ’ No breast-milk after the
first six weeks.

In Gray’s Inn-lane (sub-district), a boy aged 11 months, “diarrhoea — cholera (4 dags)."

In Somers Town, a boy aged 4 months, “ cholera (2 dags' duration), typhus (1 dag)."

In Camden Town, M. 62 years, “dysentery (11 dags), cholera (3 dags)."

In West sub-district of Islington, a boy, 7 weeks, “ cholera (5 dags)."

In East sub-district of Islington, a woman aged 29 years, “cholera (4 dags), collapse on the 4th day.”
She was the wife of a shoemaker, and lived in one of the dirty confined courts out of the High-street.”

In St. Anne, Westminster, a boy aged 16 months, “cholera infantum (7 or 8 dags).”

In Saffron Hill, a boy aged 22 days, “cholera infantum (6 dags), convulsions (4 dags)."

In sub-district of Goswell-street, M. 77, “diarrhoea (6 dags), which assumed symptoms of cholera,
exhaustion (3 dags).”

In North sub-district of West London, a boy aged 6 months, “ cholera (24 hours)."

In Haggerstone West, a carpenter, 76 years, “natural death, sudden, from English Cholera." (inquest).
In Bethnal Green (Town), at No. 12 Carlisle-street, son of a brewer’s servant, aged 7 weeks “cholera
2 dags').''

In St. Mary, St. George-in-the-East, M. 59 years, “English cholera (6 dags).’’

In Limehouse, F. 40 years, “ cholera (3 dags), collapse (25 hours).”

In Ratclifl'e, M. 51 years, “ cholera maligna (30 hours).’’

In Lambeth Church sub-district (2nd part), at 137 Regent-street, F. 16 years, “English cholera
(2 dags), exhaustion.”

In Camberwell, at 4, South-street, daughter of a letter-carrier, aged 2 years, “English cholera (6 dags).”
In Holywell and Moorfields, Shoreditch, a boy aged 19 months, “ English cholera (4 dags)."

In same sub-district, M. 24 years, “spasmodic cholera (4 dags).”

In East sub-district of Greenwich, M. 61 years, “cholera.”

In same sub-district, M. 71 years, “cholera ^4 dags)."

In same sub-district, M. 60 years, “ asthma (20 gears), cholera (4 dags)."

In same sub-district, a girl, 1 year, “ cholera.”

In Battersea, a boy, 1 year, “cholera (4 dags)."

In all the cases of cholera, except one returned by the coroner, the cause of death was certified by
the medical attendant.

Cases approaching the Asiatic form occurred early in the year. I11 the week ending
May 6th, a woman of 75 died of cholera in Rotherhithe, after 5 days’ illness ; another,
aged 43, died of cholera in Oxford Terrace, after 2 days’ illness. In the following week
ending May 13th, a woman aged 40 died in Aldgate, Whitechapel. A note stated that
“the case presented the appearance of Asiatic cholera, viz., purging constant, no bile in
stool, cholera voice, suppression of urine; died in four days, in a state of collapse.” In
the week ending June 3, a boy aged 12 years, died of cholera in Rotherhithe, after 48
hours’ illness. A man aged 51, died of Asiatic cholera, according to the return of the
week ending June 17th, in the Hanover Square sub-district, after 36 hours’ illness. In
the week ending July 8th, a man aged 68, was returned as having died of Asiatic
cholera in Greenwich East. Again, on September 12th, a pilot, aged 55, died of
Asiatic cholera (36 hours’ duration), at 8, Frederick Street, Greenwich West; and was
registered in the week ending September 1 6th . On September 22nd, a mariner, aged
<2, died aft* r 11^ hours’ illness of “Asiatic cholera,’’ at 8, New Lane, St.John,
Horsleydown, in the district of St. Olave. These were probably two real cases of the
new epidemic form ; still the contrast of the October returns with that of the last
week of September is striking. t

1848. Asiatic Cholera in London. xiii

Cases of Cholera returned in the Week ending Sept. loth. — (All are certified by Medical Attendant.)

In Belgrave (sub-district), St. George, Hanover-square, F. 74 years, “English cholera (18 days' dura-
tion) .”

In South sub-district, St. Giles-in-the-Fields, F. 4 years, “English cholera (to hours’ duration).”

In Amwell-street, Clerkenwell, F. 40 years, “ bronchitis (23 years’ duration), English cholera (1 week).”
In Mile End Old Town (Upper), a girl, 8 months, “ cholera infantum.”

The great change now takes place.

Fatal Cases of Cholera Registered in the Week ending Saturday, October the 7th. — (All are certified

by the Medical Attendants.)

In Old-street (sub-district), St. Luke, at 39, Rahere-street, died on September 29, wife of a gentleman,
59 years, “ disease of the bowels, simulcting Asiatic cholera (38 hours’ duration).”

In south sub-district, West London, F. 27 years, at 3, Harp-court, St. Bride’s, on October 2, a porter’s
wife, “cholera (13 hours’ duration).”

In St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, West London, M. about 40 years, a porter, on October 4, “ Asiatic
cholera.”

In Town (sub-district), Bethnal-green, at 4, Cheshire-street, on September 28, a weaver, F. 21 years,
“ enlargement of the heart (12 months’ duration), cholera spasmodic (12 hours).”

In Spitalfields, Whitechapel, M. 23 years, mariner, at 21, Princes-street, on October 5, “ cholera (12
hours’ duration).”

In Whitechapel North, a girl, 4 years, a labourer’s daughter, at 14, Thames-street, on October 2,
“ English sporadic cholera (7 days' duration).’’

In St. Paul (sub-district), St. George-in-the-East, M. 38 years, a coal-whipper, at 3, Lower Chapman-
street, on October 3, “ cholera (2 days' duration) .”

In Mile-end Old-town Lower, Stepney, M. 47 years, a coal-meter, at 6, Globe-terrace, on October 6,
“ cholera (36 hours' duration).”

Mr. Castleden, the Registrar, states — “ Mr. Todd, the surgeon in this case, certifies, that the above was
a case of Asiatic cholera ; and the informant states, that her father (the deceased) got up on Thursday
morning, about 4 o’clock, with a bowel complaint, for which he took some gin and ginger, and then went
to his work, on board ship, which he was compelled to leave about mid-day. He returned home
in a cab, and died yesterday morning at 4 o’clock. The medical gentleman was in close attendance to
the very last.”

In Lambeth Church, 2nd part (sub-district), at 2, Orsett-street, on September 30, daughter of a chair-
maker, 11 months, “ cholera (3 days’ duration): convulsions (1 hour).”

Mr. W. H. Wheatley, the Registrar, states, “ that at otie end of the street mentioned above, in the
centre of the road, is an open drain, which is very offensive at times — drainage to houses very bad. Scar-
latina has been very prevalent there.”

In Rotherhite, at 2, Lower Queen-street, on October 2, a boy, 11 years, son of a carpenter, “ cholera (9
hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, at 11, Silver-street, on October 1, F. 38 years, wife of a mariner, “ cholera (19
hours’ duration).”

In same sub-district, at 17, Hanover-street, on October 4, a girl, 2 years, “ cholera (2 days’ duration).”
In Greenwich West, sub-district, at 9, Skinner-street-row, on October 1, F. 37 years, widow of a black-
smith, “ cholera (4 days’ duration).”

Fatal Cases of Cholera Registered in the Week ending Saturday, October the 14 th. — (Five are cases in
which Inquests were held : of the remainder, all are certified by Medical Attendant except two.)

In London Hospital, Whitechapel Church (sub-district), on October 8, Henrick Vandershaaff, a cattle
drover, aged 65 years, “ diarrhoea (7 days’ duration) ; Asiatic cholera (36 hours’ duration).”

In Aldgale, a boy, 1 year, a labourer’s son, at 6, Cow-yard, Rosemary-lane, on October 10, “ Asiatic
cholera (24 hours’ duration).”

In St. John (sub-district), St. George-in-the-East, M. 28 years, a labourer, at 5, Green-bank, on
October 10, “ Asiatic cholera (11 h >urs’ duration)”

In the Leather- Market (sub-district), St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, at 1, Friendly-place, on
October 8, M. 40 years, a labourer, “ Asiatic cholera).

In Kennington, 1st part (sub -district), Lambeth, M. 39 years, a labourer, at 18, Kennington-place, on
October 9, “ Asiatic cholera (4 days’ duration) ; collapse (16 hours).”

In Woolwich Arsenal (sub-district Greenwich), on October 3, M. about 60 years, a convict, “ cholera
(8 hours’ duration).” Inquest.

In same sub-district, on October 7, M. 48 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (11 hours’ duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on October 7, M. 31 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (4 hours’ duration).’’
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on October 8, M. 42 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (13 hours’ duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on October 10, M, 55 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (8 hows’ duration).”
Inquest.

XIV

1848. First Cases of Asiatic Cholera in London.

Mr. Richard Rixon, the Registrar, states, that “ The above five deaths occurred on board the “ Unite”
Hospital Ship, in the River Thames, oft’ the Royal Arsenal. There have been no cases in the Arsenal, or
in any part of the town, to his knowledge, and he has made every inquiry.”

In St. Olave and St. Thomas (sub-district), at n, Magdalen-court, Tooley-street, on October 12, F. 49
years (kept a fruit stall in Bermondsey-street), “ Asiatic cholera, (18 hours' duration)."

In Chelsea South (sub-district), at White Hart-court, on October 7th, M. 14 years, a mason’s son,
“cholera morbus (16 hours’ duration)."

In same sub-district, at White Hart-court, on October 7, M. 40 years, a stonemason, “cholera morbus
(30 hours’ duration).”

In same sub-district, at. the Royal Hospital, on October 10, M. 68 years, a soldier, p. m.., “ cholera
morbus (12 hours’ duration).”

In same sub-district, at 5, White Lion-street, on October 13, M. 46 years, a pensioner, “ cholera
Anglica (1 week's duration)-, delirium tremens, cirrhosis.”

In same sub-district, at. White Hart-court, on October 8, F. 13 years, daughter of a baker (deceased)
p. m., “ cholera morbus (3 7 hours' duration).’’

In the Green (sub-district), Bethnal -green, at 3, Chester-street, on October 8, a boy, 11 weeks, a
weaver’s son, “ English cholera (1 month’s duration).”

In Spitalfields (sub-district), at 17, Wilson’s-place, on October 9, F. 32 years, wife of a joiner, “ malig-
nant cholera (29 hours’ duration).”

In St. John (sub-district), St. Olave, at 3, Cross-street, oti October 4, M. 77 years, a cooper, “ cholera
(65^ hours’ duration).”

In same sub-district, at 13, Sard’s-rents, on October 14, M. 30 years, a carpenter, “ cholera maligna
(32 hours’ duration).”

In the same house, on October 6, F. 2 years, daughter of a carpenter, “ diarrhoea, convulsions.”

Mr. Beusted, the Registrar of St. John, Horsleydown, states, “ These two cases were those of a father
and daughter, who lived at No. 13, Sard’s-rents, Church-street, St. John’s, Southwark; the latter died
of 1 diarrhoea, followed by convulsions ;’ the former of ‘ malignant cholera,’ was attacked at 12 o’clock
on Friday, October 14th, and died at 4 p. m, on Saturday. From inquiries I have made, it appears that
he was a very sober and industrious man; that he and his wife were cleanly in their habits, but that one or
other of the family has been constantly ill since they lived in their present residence. There are, 1 believe,
upwards of 20 houses within 4 or 5 feet of a filthy open sewer, and this fact has been constantly repre-
sented to me (as Registrar) by the inhabitants of those houses. The illness which is caused by so great a
nuisance can hardly be wondered at, for in some places I do not think it is above 3 feet from their
doors. The deceased lias left two children, one not out of danger, and the other very ill. These circum-
stances have been the more impressed on my attention by a visit from the medical gentlemen (Messrs. Phil-
lips and Button) who atteuded the cases, and state, as their opinion, that this open sewer was the prin-
cipal cause of the illness.”

In St. James, Bermondsey, at 1, Matilda-place, on October 12, F. 7 years, a labourer’s daughter,
“ cholera (13 hours' duration).” No medical attendant.

In Lambeth Church, 1st part (sub-district), at 26, Lower Fore-street, on October 1, M. 22 years, a
labourer, “ cholera (9 hours’ duration V’ Not certified.

In same sub-district, and in the same house, on October 12, M. 23 years, a labourer, “ cholera
(2 days' duration); consecutive fever (6 days).’’

In Rotherhithe, M. 29 years, caipenter of the brig “Malta,” died on board, in the River Thames, on
October 7, “ English cholera (24 hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, at 15, Spread Eagle-court, on October 1 2, a boy, 6 years, a labourer’s son, “ cholera
(24 hours' duration).’’

In St. Paul, Deptford, Greenwich, at 23 Griffin-street, on October 10, F. 31 years, a labourer’s wife,
“ cholera (4 days’ duration)."

In “ Dreadnought,” Hospital Ship, Greenwich West sub-district, on October 9, M. 21 years, an
apprentice, “ cholera.”

In same ship, on October 9, M. 23 years, an apprentice, “ cholera.”

In same ship, on October 6, M. 16 years, an apprentice, p. m., “ recovery from small-pox, diarrhoea
27 daps’ duration; sudden vomiting, purging, and collapse about 24 hours."

In Clapbam (sub-district), at Prescolt-place, on October 10, M. 44 years, a bricklayer, “ malignant
cholera 9 hours’ duration."

Fatal Cases of Cholera Registered in the Week ending Saturday the 21 st of October.

Ten are cases in which Inquests were held: the remainder are all reported to be certified by Medical

Attendants, except one.

li Woolwich Arsenal (sub-district Greenwich), on Oct. 13, M. 30 years, a convict, “Asiatic cholera

,2 > hours’ duration).” Inquest.

In same sub-district, on Oct. 14, M. 58 years, a convict, “Asiatic cholera (52 hours' duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on Oct. 16, M. 67 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (19 hours’ duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on Oct. 16, M. 62 years, a convict, “Asiatic cholera (100 hours’ duration).”
Inquest.

1848. First Cases of Asiatic Cholera in London. xv

In same sub-district, on Oct. 17, M. 26 years, a convict, “Asiatic cholera (6 hours’ duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on Oct. 18, M. 25 years, a convict, “ Asiatic cholera (4 days’ duration).”
Inquest.

In same sub-district, on Oct. 19, M. 23 years, a convict, “Asiatic cholera (4 days’ duration).”
Inquest.

Mr. Rixon, the Registrar of the sub-district, Woolwich Arsenal, makes the following statement: —
“ The seven deaths from Asiatic cholera, registered by me last week, occurred in the “ Unite ’’
hospital ship, among convicts from the “ Justitia’ hulk, lying oft the Royal Arsenal wharf. The surgeon
attributes the disease to the unhealthy state of the atmosphere and to the locality, a common sewer being
in the immediate vicinity. The captain of the ship ascribes it to the rotten condition of the hulk, and to
heat generated during the night by so many men being closely packed together, a ward having from ten to
twenty-four men sleeping in it, according to its size. The last two cases were of athletic young men, and
lasted four days. The former patient was pulseless from the first, and comatose during lour hours previous
to death — the latter was sensible to the last. They were carefully attended to, visited every hour night and
day; and were treated witn mercury, mustard poultices, stimulants, and all the usual remedies. The
whole of the convicts were removed yesterday (the 20th instant) from the “Justitia,” and put on board
the “Hebe” and “Sulphur” receiving vessels, opposite the Royal Dockyard, which arrangement, I find,
has created some alarm in the yard. This morning (Saturday) a rigger was taken home from the Dock-
yard very ill, and afterwards a shipwright, and both cases are pronounced by the surgeons as decided
cholera. Otherwise, the town remains free. Scarlatina is still very prevalent.”

In Chelsea, North East (sub-district), M. 15 years, “epidemic cholera (3 days’ duration).”

In same sub-district, a boy, 6 years, “epidemic cholera (9 hours’ duration) .”

Mr. Smith, the Registrar of the north-east sub-district of Chelsea, states that “ the two boys
belonged to the same family. The elder was employed on board a lighter at Isleworth, and had eaten
heartily of mussels on the day before the attack. Finding himself ill, he returned home under heavy rain,
which wetted him to the skin. His parents, who are in poor circumstances, procured medical aid, but
were not able to provide the comforts necessary for his case; and to the want of these, the surgeon thinks,
is principally owing the fatal termination. The younger was constantly in the room during bis brother’s
illness, but was not seized till after his death. His illness is attributed by the medical attendant not merely
to contagion, but to miasma generated in a badly ventilated and comfortless apartment, and increased by
the presence of a sick person.”

In Islington East (sub-district), son of a paper-stainer, 3 years, “ cholera epidemica (18 hours’
duration).”

Mr. Butterfield, the Registrar of the East sub-district of Islington, states that “ the boy who resided at
15, Lower Queen-street, New North Road, was taken ill at hall-past 6, A.M., with rigors, bilious vomiting,
and purging with rice-coloured evacuations, and all the symptoms of true cholera. Medical advice was
not obtained till half-past twelve, when it did not avail. The patient died at halt-past one, a.m., on
Saturday, after an illness of 18 hours. Miasma issuing from an open, offensive drain in the backyard,
seemed to be the primary cause.” Dr. Bossy, who attended the above, has another decided case in an
adult, which has not been fatal.”

In Christchurch (sub-district), Marylebone, seaman, 22 years, “ malignant cholera (2 days’ duration),
secondary fever (3 days).”

Mr. Obre, the Registrar, states that the deceased was a seaman who had arrived from Sunder-
land, in the brig “ Marsden,” on the loth: had febrile symptoms, with diarrhoea, till the 13th, when he
removed to Lisson Grove. These symptoms continued till the 15th, when the choleraic poison showed
itself, and he died on the 17th. Dr. Miller adds, that “ the patient was brought home on Friday evening
in a state of collapse, and died of ‘ Asiatic cholera,’ in the stage of secondary fever.”

In Whitechapel North (sub-district), seaman, 43 years, “Asiatic cholera (3 days’ duration).”

Mr. Chapman, the Registrar, states that “this sailor was brought from a lodging-house, 118, Rose-
mary-lane, to the Whitechapel Workhouse, on the 16th October, and died on the 18th. It appears he had
not been many days from on board ship.”

In Ratcliff (sub-district), Stepney, on board a collier in the River Thames, M. 19 years, “ diarrhoea
(4 days’ duration), Asiatic cholera (9 hours).”

Mr. Wells, the Registrar of Ratcliff, mentions that “ besides the above case, he had three others
(one English, two Asiatic), on which inquests had been held; but they were not yet registered, as he had
not obtained the coroner’s signature. The four cases occurred on board colliers in the Thames.

In St. Paul’s, Deptford (sub-district), Greenwich, M. 66 years, “ cholera Asiatica (17 hours’ duration).’’

Mr. Marchant, the Registrar of St. Paul’s, Deptford, states that “ this person resided in a very
healthy, airy situation, and was of steady habits; by trade a carpenter, but only working at. his trade occa-
sionally, having other resources. He ate a hearty dinner of boiled mutton, spinach, and potatoes, on
the day previous to that on which he died.”

In Islington East (sub-district), a labourer, 15 years, “ diarrhoea (5 days' duration), spasmodic cholera.”

In same sub-district, a boy, 6 years, son of a pauper stonebreaker, “ natural, with symptoms of spasmo-
dic cholera (11 hours’ duration), ill fed and poorly clothed.” Inquest.

Mr. Butterfield, the Registrar, states that “ these two were brothers, and died in Ward’s Place, a
close confined, badly ventilated place, off' the Lower Road.”

xvi 1848. Quick Course of Asiatic Cholera in London.

In Goswell-street, Clerkemvell, F. 24 years, “ Asiatic cholera (36 hours' duration).’’

In Cvipplegate sub-district, M. 45 years, “Asiatic cholera (4 days’ duration)"

In South-east sub-district, City of London, M. 27, “ cholera Asiatica (12 hours’ duration).’’

In Aldgate sub-district, M. 50 years, “died by the visitation of God from Asiatic cholera (20 hours'
duration).” Inquest.

In St. Saviour (sub-district), a boy, 7 years, “Asiatic cholera (15^ hours’ duration).”

In St. James, Bermondsey, at 17, Mary gold-street, 011 Oct. 14, Thos. Daws, aged 20 months, “ Asiatic
cholera (20 hours' duration).” He was attended by the wife of John Elliott.

In same sub-district, at 17, Marygold-street, on Oct. 17, John Elliott, aged 26 years, a nail-caster,
“Asiatic cholera (60 hours’ duration .”

In Camberwell, a spinster, 21 years, “spasmodic cholera (7 hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, a spinster, 25 years, “spasmodic cholera (11 hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, widow of an Italian warehouseman, 42 years, “spasmodic cholera (13 hours’
duration)."

In same sub-district, a widow, 45 years, “spasmodic cholera (40 hours’ duration).”

The above 4 cases occurred in Peckham House Lunatic Asylum.

In Chelsea South (sub-district), at White Hart-court, on Oct. 13, F. 46 years, soldier’s widow, “ cholera
morbus (24 hours’ duration).”

In same sub-district, and at the same house, on Oct. 16, a girl, 10 years, “cholera morbus (9 days’
duration), lever consecutive (7 days). Daughter of the above.

In Islington West (sub-district), a labourer, 40 years, a pauper in Islington Workhouse, “ cholera
Anglicu (1 month's duration), dysentery (7 days).”

In St. Paul (sub-district), St. George-in-the-East, a girl, 10 years, “natural death by the visitation of
God, viz., cholera (18 hours’ duration).” Inquest.

In Limehouse (sub-district), Stepney, M. 25 years, “cholera biliosa, cerebral congestion.”

In St. Saviour (sub-district), F. 15 years, “ansemia (4 months' duration), diarrhoea (2^ days), spasms
and cramp (24 hours).”

In Christchurch (sub-district), St. Saviour, son of a weaver, 5 years, “destitution, cholera (12 hours'
duration).”

In same sub-district, wife of a weaver, 36 years, “destitution, cholera (6 days' duration).''

In same sub-district, daughter of a weaver, 3^ years, “destitution, cholera (96 hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, daughter of a weaver, 1^ years, “ destitution, cholera (34 hours' duration).”

The above 4 cases occurred in Christchurch Workhouse; all members of one family.

In same sub-district, 59, John-street, daughter of a tinman, 8 years, “ cholera (12 hours’ duration).’’

In the Leather Market sub-district, Bermondsey, at 27, I’age's-walk, on Oct. 17, M. 51 years, a
cooper, “cholera spasmodica (135 hours' duration).”

In same sub-district, and at the same house, on Oct. 15, F. 53 years, a cooper’s wife, “spasmodic
cholera (46 hours’ duration).”

In Kent-road (sub-district), St. George, Southwark, son of a haruess-maker, 21 months, at 5, Williams-
place, “cholera morbus (6 hours’ duration).”

In Lambeth Church, 2nd part (sub-district), a waiter, at 6r, Devonshire-street, aged 41 years, “cholera,
accompanied with spasms, cramp, and hiccup ( attended 12 hours)-, disease existed 5 days.”

In Battersea (sub-district), daughter of a carman at Nine Elms, aged 1 year and 8 months, “cholera
(9 hours' duration) ”

In Greenwich YVest (sub-district), in “ Dreadnought” hospital ship, M. 39 years, “bronchitis (4 weeks'
duration), cholera.”

In St. Paul. Deptford (sub-district), Greenwich, at Florence-road, on Oct. 16, M. 66. a carpenter,
“Asiatic cholera (17 hours’ duration).”

In St. George (sub-district), Camberwell, at 4, Thomas-street, Wyndhani-road, wife of a fish-vender,
58 years, “spasmodic cholera (15 hours' duration).”

The term “ English” cholera is objectionable, as it implies that the disease is peculiar
to England ; whereas it prevails, in nearly ttie same form, all over the world, and is
described by Celsus and the ancient writers, as well as by Sydenham. For the sake of
distinction, as it is so much under the control of temperature and season, it may be
called “ Summer Cholera.” About half the fatal cases of Asiatic cholera terminate
within 24 hours of the appearance of its characteristic symptoms: it will be shown here-
after that the average duration of 19232 fatal cases in males was 2 *06 days, and of
20236 cases in females 2 ’ 10 days.

The average duration of 4045 fatal cases of diarrhoea in males was i6’04 days, of
3851 females 16*69 days. The summer cholera has an intermediate duration of about
five days. The difference is seen in the subjoined table of cases taken indiscriminately
from the Returns of 1848 : more than half the cases of Asiatic cholera terminated in less
than a day ; half the cases of summer cholera did not terminate in three days; and
half the cases of diarrhoea lasted more than six days. This is a new and important
element in the diagnosis.

1848. South Eastern and the Midland Divisions. xvii

Duration of Fatal Cases of Diarrhoea, Summer Cholera, and Asiatic Cholera, in London, 1848.

—

Total

Deaths.

Under

one

Day.

Number of Cases terminating in the several Days.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Diarrhoea ....

Il6

I

I

8

l6

9

5

9

13

8

Summer Cholera .

Il6

9

12

14

17

23

II

6

7

4

Asiatic Cholera

129

66

21

12

4

12

6

I

5

Number of Cases terminating in the several Days.

9

IO

II

12

13

14 — 21

21 — 28

28—35

35 & up.

Diarrhoea ....

Il6

I

5

12

13

7

8

Summer Cholera . .

116

4

I

. .

2

I

2

I

2

. .

Asiatic Cholera . . .

129

I

• •

• *

* *

I

* *

CHOLERA IN THE COUNTRY, 1848.

2. South Eastern Division. — Deaths from cholera occurred in every month of
1848, except February; namely, 3 in January, 4 in March, and 2, 2, 5, 11, 15, 14,
18, 12, 2 2, in the subsequent nine months, making a total of 108 fatal attacks. Guild-
ford and Kingston in Surrey, each furnished 2 deaths. In Kent 4 deaths took place at
Bromley; 2 at Dartford ; in Gravesend 7; North Aylesford 3 ; Hoo 2; Medway
(including Chatham) 13; Sevenoaks 3 ; Sheppev 4 ; and Eastry 2. In Sussex, there
were in Uckfield 2 deaths; Cuckfield 5; and Brighton 3. In Hampshire, in the great
naval station of Portsea Island and the adjoining district of Alverstoke there were 6
and IO deaths respectively; in the Isle of Wight 4; Stockbridge 2 ; Basingstoke 3 ;
and Andover 2. In Berkshire, there were in Newbury 2. deaths; Wantage 2, Wal-
lingford 2 ; Reading 3 ; and Windsor 2.

3. South Midland Division. — Cholera which was fatal in each month of the year
1848 was most prevalent after July, and destroyed 150 lives by the end of December.
In January 1 death occurred; in February 2 ; and 1, 2, 5, 5, 8, 17, 12, 22, 31, and 44
respectively, in the subsequent months. I11 Middlesex 4 fatal cases took place at
Staines ; at Uxbridge 10 ; Brentford 13 ; Hendon 8 ; and Edmonton 8. In Hertford-
shire, Bishops Stortford furnished 3 deaths; Iloyston 3; Hertford 2; Watford 4;
Hemel Hempstead 5 ; and Berkhampstead 3. In Buckinghamshire a remarkable mor-
tality took place in the Amersham district, where cholera was fatal to 46 persons
(population 18212 in 1841), 43 of whom died in the Chesham sub-district (which con-
tained a population of 5811 in 1841); excepting 2 children who were attacked early in
September, all the deaths occurred subsequent to November 10th : in many instances
the attacks were of short duration.

The following is an abstract of the deaths from cholera in the Chesham sub-district : —

F. 2 years and 9 months, hawker’s daughter, named Hearn, “ cholera, (8 days’ duration),” Chesham
September 14. >

F. 10 months, labourer’s daughter, “ cholera (8 days’ duration),” Chesham, September 16.

F. 62 years, miller’s widow, “cholera, (2 days’ duration)," Waterside, Chesham, November 11.

M. 10 months, labourer’s son, “ cholera (1 day’s duration),” Waterside, Chesham, November 13.

M. 1 year and 10 months, labourer's son, “cholera (2 days’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham,
November 14.

M. 1 year and 7 months, Hawker’s son, named Aris, “cholera (2 days’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham,
November 14.

F. 49 years, labourer’s wife, “cholera (28 hours’ duration)," Chesham, November 15.

F. 3 years and 11 months, hawker’s daughter, named Aris, “cholera,” Waterside, Chesham, November 16.

F. 29 years, brush-handle makers wife, “cholera (60 hours’ duration),’’ Waterside, Chesham,
November 16.

F. 55 years, labourer’s wife, “ cholera (12 hours' duration)," Waterside, Chesham, November 16.

M. 8 years, “ cholera (38 hours’ duration)," Waterside, Chesham, November 18.

M. 13, baker’s (deceased) son, “cholera (36 hours' duration),” Waterside, Chesham, November 18.

F. 46 years, labourer’s wife, “ cholera (19 hours' duration),” Waterside, Chesham, November 18.

c

xviii 1848. The Eastern, South Western, and West Midland Divisions.

M. 51 years, labourer, “ cholera (28 hours’ duration),’’ Waterside, Chesham, November 19.

F. 49 years, gamekeeper’s widow, “cholera (26 hours’ duration),’’ Waterside, Chesham, November 20.

F. 20 years, single woman, “ cholera (32 hours’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, November 21.

F. 28 years, single woman, “ cholera (15 hours' duration),’’ Waterside, Chesham, November 21.

M. 69 years, labourer, “ cholera (4 days’ duration) ; relapse (8 days),’’ .Waterside, Chesham,
December 2.

F. 55 years, bricklayer’s widow, “cholera (20 hours’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 3.

M. 43 years, labourer, “ cholera (3 days' duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 3.

F. 60 years, labourer’s wife, “cholera (2 days’ duration); feverit(4 days),” Waterside, Chesham,
December 4.

F. 36 years, miller’s wife, “cholera (22 hours’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 4.

M. 8 years, labourer’s son, “ cholera ; fever (9 days’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 5.

F. 42 years, labourer’s widow, “ cholera (2 days’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 6.

M. 19 years, labourer’s (deceased) son, “ cholera (10 days’ duration),” Waterside, Chesham, Dec. 8.

F. 1 year aud 7 mouths, labourer’s daughter, “ cholera (4 days' duration),” Waterside, Chesham,
December ir.

M. 1 year and 10 months, butcher’s son, “cholera (6 hours’ duration),” Chesham, December 11.

M. 4 years, butcher’s sou, “cholera (n hours' duration),” Chesham, December 13.

M. 4 years, shovel-makers son, “cholera (4 days’ duration)” Waterside, Chesham, December 14.

F. 2 years, labourer’s daughter, “cholera (108 hours' duration),” Chesham, December 15.

F. 76 years, widow, “cholera (46 hours’ duration),’’ Waterside, Chesham, December 16.

M. 10 years, tailor’s son, “cholera (17 hours' duration),” Chesham, December 17.

F. 8 years, sawyer’s daughter, “cholera (7^ hours’ duration),” Chesham, December 17.

M. 11 years, paper-maker’s son, “cholera, relapse (8 days' duration),” Waterside, Chesham, December 19.

M. 6 years, labourer’s son, “cholera, fever (5 days’ duration),” Chesham, December 19.

F. 74 years, gardener's widow, “cholera (3 days' duration),” Chesham, December 20.

M. 12 years, shovel-maker’s son, “ cholera (18 hours’ duration),” Chesham, December 21.

M. 65 years, paper-maker, “cholera (22 hours’ duration).” Waterside, Chesham, December 21.

F. 52 years, hawker's wife, named Moore, “cholera (8 hours’ duration),” Chesham, Dec. 25.

F. 70 years, labourer’s wife, “cholera (42 hours’ duration),” Chesham, December 25.

F. 56 years, labourer’s wife, “cholera (11 hours’ duration),” Chesham, December 28.

F. 39 years, single woman, “cholera (24 hours’ duration),” Latimer, Chesham, December 29.

M. 38 years, sawyer, “cholera (11 hours' duration),’’ Chesham, December 30.

Iii Eton there were 2 deaths; in Aylesbury 8 ; and Newport Pagnell 2. In Oxford
2 fatal cases are recorded. In Northamptonshire there were 2 deaths in Towcester;
Northampton 2; Wellingborough 6; Oundle 2; Peterborough 3: In Huntingdon 3
deaths took place. In Bedfordshire 2 deaths occurred in Bedford; 5 in Biggleswade ;
2 in Ampthill ; and 2 in Leighton Buzzard. In Cambridgeshire, Chesterton fur-
nished 2 deaths; Cambridge 6; Newmarket 8; Ely 6; North Witchford 3 ; and
Wisbeach 18; of which 15 took place in the Upwell sub-district, where the epidemic
commenced on November 25th, and prevailed throughout December amongst labourers:
13 of the 1 5 deaths were of males, most of them in the prime of life, aud in no instance
is the duration of the attack stated to have exceeded 30 hours.

4. Eastern Division. — Cholera was fatal to 65 persons in 1848, and deaths occurred
during every month of the year, viz., 3 in January, and 1, 1, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14, 6,
14, respectively in the subsequent months. In Essex 6 of the deaths occurred in West
Ilam ; 2 in Romford; 2 in Orset ; 4 in Chelmsford ; 2 in Tendring; and 2 iu Saffron
Walden. In Suffolk 2 deaths took place in Thingoe; 2 in Samford ; 3 in Wood-
bridge ; 2 in Blything ; and 5 in Mutford. In Norfolk 2 deaths happened in Tuns-
stead ; 2 in Aylsham; 4 in Norwich; 3 in Mitford; 4 in Kings Lynn; 4 in Down-
ham; 2 in Depwade ; and 2 in Docking.

5. South VVestern Division. — There were 68 deaths from cholera in 1848; and
February was the only month during which no fatal case was recorded : 1 death took
place in January; 1 in March, and 1, 2, 2, 7, 6, 20, 1 1, 9, 8, in the subsequent
months. 2 deaths occurred at Pewsey, in Wiltshire. In Devonshire it was most fatal
at Plymouth, where 15 persons died of the disease, 3 of them being female convicts on
board the “Cadet,” on Nov. 23rd, 26th, and Dec. 7th respectively: 3 fatal cases
happened at East Slonehouse, adjoining Plymouth, and 1 in Stoke Damerel; St.
Thomas furnished 2 cases; Exeter 3; Kingsbridge 2; Plympton St. Mary 2; Tavis-
tock 2; and Bideford 2. In Cornwall cholera was fatal to 12 persons in Penzance,
chiefly in miners’ and mariners’ families, and during the autumn ; at Redruth 5 deaths
occurred. In Somersetshire 3 deaths took place in Wells and 2 in Bath.

6. West Midland Division. — The number of deaths from cholera was 101 in

1848. North Midland, North Western, York, and Northern Divisions, xix

1848, distributed over every month; there were 5 fatal cases in January, and 1, 1, 6,
4, 4, 6, 26, 1 6, 11, 11, 10, in the succeeding months. In Gloucestershire 4 deaths
happened at Bristol; 2 in Clifton; 2 in Stow-nn-the-Wold, and 2 in Cheltenham. 3
cases occurred at Clun, in Shropshire. In Staffordshire it was fatal to 2 persons at
Stone; at Stoke-upon-Trent to 4; Cheadle 3; Uttoxeter 4; Penkridge 2; West
Bromwich 3, and Dudley 6. In Worcestershire 4 deaths happened in Stourbridge and
3 in Kings Norton. In Warwickshire, Birmingham furnished 10, and Aston 8 fatal
cases (the number of deaths which occurred at these places in 1849 was — in Birming-
ham 29, and Aston 6). In Foleshill there were 2 deaths; Rugby 3; Warwick 6,
Alcester 2 ; and Shipston-on-Stour 4.

7. North Midland Division. — Cholera was fatal in 85 cases during 1848, there
being in January 4 deaths, and 3, 1, 3, 2, 3, 15, 10, 4, 11, 16, 13, in the subsequent
11 months. In Leicestershire 4 deaths happened in Lutterworth ; 3 in Blaby ; 3 in
Loughborough ; and 5 in Leicester. In Lincolnshire there were in Bourn 3 deaths ;
in Boston 2 ; Horncastle 3 ; Spilsby 5 ; Caistor 10: of which 5 took place at Great
Grimsby on the coast, and 5 at Market Rasen in the interior ; in Glandford Brig 3 ; and
in Gainsborough, on the River Trent 13. In Nottinghamshire 2 deaths took place in
East Retford ; 3 in Basford, and 3 in Newark. In Derbyshire 5 fatal cases occurred
in Derby ; 2 in Ashborne, and 2 in Bakewell.

8. North Western Division.' — Cholera was prevalent in this division in 1848, it
having been fatal in 227 cases, chiefly in the latter half of the year. The number of
deaths in each month was, in January 3 ; and in each of the succeeding months, 2,
7,7, 10, 7, 52, 41, 31, 35, 12, 20, respectively. In Cheshire it was fatal to 7 persons
in Stockport; 10 in Macclesfield; 2 in Altrincham; 4 in Northwich on the River
Weaver; 8 in Wirrall, situated on the coast, and including the town of Birkenhead ;
and 5 in Great Boughton, including Chester on the River Dee. In Lancashire the
districts on the coast in which cholera was chiefly fatal were, Liverpool 33 deaths;
West Derby 16 ; Ormskirk 2 ; Ulverston 2 ; and Preston oit the Ribble 2. Also, in
Prescot 2 ; Wigan 4 ; Leigh 5 ; Bolton 10 ; Bury 9 ; Chorlton 2 2 ; Salford 7 ; Man-
chester 21 ; Ashton 18; Oldham 8; Rochdale 6 ; Haslingden 4; Burnley 2 ; Black-
burn 12, and Chorley 3.

9. York Division. — Cholera, which was prevalent in the early part of the year
1848, increased perceptibly after June, and by the end of the year caused the deaths
of 207 persons. There were in January 5 fatal cases, and 2, 8, 6, 6, 4, 24, 25, 33, 49,
24, 21, in the following 11 months. Of the districts bordering on the coast there were
in Hull 20 deaths; Scnlcoates 8 ; Scarborough 4; Skirlaugh 3; and Patrington 2.
York furnished 14 cases ; Selby 6, of which 4 were quickly fatal, viz., in 12 hours, 12
hours, 16 hours, and 24 hours respectively; Settle 2; Pateley Bridge 3; Otley 6;
Keighley 4; Todmorden 6; Saddleworth 7; Huddersfield 7; Halifax 8; Bradford
28 ; Hunslet 12 ; Leeds 6 ; Dewsbury 15 ; Wakefield 5 ; Pontefract 7 ; Ecclesfield 4 ;
Wortley 2 ; Sheffield 3 ; Doncaster 3 ; Driffield 6; Maldon 4; and Whitby 2.

10. Northern Division. — With the exception of March and May cholera pre-
vailed during each month of the year 1848, and was fatal to 163 persons, viz., in
January 4; February 1 ; April 2 ; June 5 ; and 7, 12, 10, 17, 3 6, 69, in the subse-
quent 6 months. Cholera appeared at Sunderland in an epidemic form on October 4th,
and was fatal to a mariner aged 56 on board the ship “ Valiant,” after an attack of
9 hours’ duration ; he is represented as having been drunk on the previous day. On
October 12th the next death took place; it was followed by two others on October
14th ; from this time its prevalence increased, and it was chiefly fatal among coal-miners
and mariners : the duration of most of the attacks was short, and varied from 6 hours
to 3 days. The last death was that of a coal-miner’s son, aged 1 year, on December
26th, at the colliery Monkwearmouth, where 20 fatal cases occurred out of the 37
deaths from cholera registered in the Sunderland district.

In South Shields there were 7 deaths ; in Stockton 8 ; Darlington 2 ; Teesdale 2 ;
Durham 5 ; and Gateshead 3.

In Northumberland cholera was most fatal in the districts on the coast ; it destroyed
32 lives at Tynemouth, commencing on October 3rd in a keelman’s daughter, aged 1,

c 2

XX

1849. Cholera in England.

at Skipsey’s Quale, North Shields; 3 other cases were fatal in October. In November
its prevalence increased, and it became very fatal among keelmen at Quay Cowpen,
and mariners and others at Blyth ; instances are recorded of 2 persons in the same
family dying. The epidemic continued fatal up to the end of the year; 3 deaths
occurred on December 30th, two of which were in the children of a keelman at Quay
Cowpen, after attacks of 14 hours’ and 22 hours’ duration. In Newcastle-upon-Tyne
cholera was fatal to 12 persons, chiefly in the latter part of the year. In Berwick-
upon-Tweed the epidemic was first fatal on December 7th, in a labourer’s widow, aged
79, at Hutts Norham. It continued prevalent throughout December, mostly among
fishermen, labourers, and quarrymen : 3 deaths occurred at the workhouse, Berwick ;
6 at Donaldson’s Lodge, Cornhill ; and 4 at Hutts Norham: the total deaths in the
district were 19. Morpeth furnished 9 deaths; Castle Ward 3. In Cumberland cholera
was chiefly confined to the following districts, viz. : — Brampton 2 deaths; Longtown 3 ;
Carlisle 4; Cockermouth 5; and Whitehaven 5.

11. Welsh Division. — Cholera was not fatal until April 1848, when one death
took place, and 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 8, in the subsequent 8 months, making 41 deaths
during the year. In South Wales, on the coast, there were in Cardiff 7 deaths; Swan-
sea 2 ; and Haverfordwest 2. Also in Merthyr Tydfll 3; and Abergavenny 2. In
North Wales, Holywell had 5 deaths; Newtown 2; Wrexham 2; Carnarvon 4; and
Anglesey 3.

The deaths from cholera in England were 41 in the week ending October 7 ; and
78, 99, 88, 1 12, in the 4 weeks following; the numbers varying little in the subsequent
weeks, were 91, 89,82,71, 84,97, 85> 88. The total number during the year was 1934.
Such was the course of the epidemic cholera in England to the close of the year 1848.

CHOLERA IN ENGLAND, 1849.

1849. The tables, pp. 20-107, and the notes, pp. 166-300, show the progress of cholera
through the year 1849. The state of the public health was described in the quarterly
and weekly returns; and it is now possible, from all these sources, comprising facts
recorded and observations written at the time, to trace the effects of the epidemic, and
the extent of its ravages through the year.

The deaths in England from cholera were, in January, 658; in February, 371 ; in
March, 302 : yet, it was remarked, in the quarterly return, “ although epidemic cholera
has been in England since October, 1848, and has prevailed more or less up to the
present time in parts of the country, the general mortality has been and is considerably
below the average. This is encouraging, and should stimulate all sanatory improve-
ments, for summer is the season in which the epidemic is most to he dreaded.* The
deaths from cholera in London were 292 in January, 180 in February, 40 in March.

It will be recollected that in October 1848, the epidemic attacked the convicts
crowded in the decaying “ Justitia” hulk, lying off the Royal Arsenal wharf, Woolwich,
in the immediate vicinity of a common sewer ; subsequently it was fatal to convicts in
Millbank Prison and to lunatics in thePeckham House Asylum ; the registrars stated that
many of the houses in which patients were attacked were crowded, and in dirty un-
drained sites. In the last week of December the epidemic broke out in Mr. Drouet’s
Infant Poor Establishment, Surrey Hall, Tooting, where 48 of the 61 deaths registered
from cholera in the first week of January occurred. In the week following 69 deaths from
cholera were registered at the same establishment. It is stated in a note to the Weekly
Return (January 20th 1849), that “ the total deaths which have occurred in the institu-
tion, or amongst children who have been removed from it since the appearance of the
epidemic, amount to 182, of which 155 were returned as caused by cholera.” The
children at ages from 4 to 14, were paupers fanned out, and the building was over-
crowded. In the week following 13 persons died of the epidemic cholera in the Holborn
Union workhouse, where a few more cases occurred in the subsequent week. Some of
the children of this Union were in Drouet’s Establishment. Several of the children
belonging to Pancras were removed and died in the workhouse, Camden Town. Mr.

Quarterly Return, No. I, pp. 4, 5, 1849.

XXI

1849. Progress of Cholera.

Holl, after stating that “ three children who died in the workhouse had been brought
from Tooting while under the influence of the disease,” adds: — “ The woman, aged 64,
died in the infirmary of the workhouse quite unconnected with that part of the house
which the children occupied, and not allowed to have any communication with it.” *

Mr. Steib, the registrar of Hackney, registered two deaths from cholera in the same
week. “ The former was a decided case of Asiatic cholera in a servant who belonged
to the Islington poor-house, and had been brought to Hackney to nurse the sick children.
The second was in a girl belonging to the Islington poor-house, who had been brought
to Hackney from Drouet’s Asylum, Tooting.” In the week ending February 3rd, 9 out
of 10 cases registered in Kensington town occurred in Jennings’ Buildings. In the week
ending February 24th, the deaths of the matron, the temporary matron, seven servants,
and a girl aged 11, were registered at the Female Refuge for the Destitute, in St.
Leonards, Shoreditch; and, in the same week, 16 deaths from cholera were registered
in Warburton’s Lunatic Asylum. A great number, then, of the deaths from cholera in
the early stage of the epidemic occurred in institutions of various kinds. The work-
house of Edmonton and the gaol of Hertford were attacked in January. Two parishes
in Norfolk were attacked early in the year. A labourer’s wife, aged 48, died of the
disease on January 5 th, at West Rudliam, where four more persons died, and 12 in East
Rudham, before February 14th. Eleven of the 17 deaths were in labourers’ families.
The parishes are inland, and contained 1 494 inhabitants in 1841. No other deaths from
cholera occurred there. At Wakefield, in Yorkshire, there w'as a partial outbreak ; 1 9
deaths from cholera happened between the 9th and 24th of January, 16 of them in the
House of Correction. In August the epidemic recurred in this house, and 86 deaths
from cholera, 36 from diarrhoea, took place in the year.

The epidemic, which began at Selby in the latter part of 1848, prevailed until
February 5th, and was fatal to some persons at Goole. In the Union workhouse of
Howden, cholera was fatal to 10 persons between January 5th and February nth.
The epidemic was fatal at Gateshead in January and February ; at Sunderland in March
and April. The epidemic continued to prevail in Berwick-upon-Tweed; at Shore-
houses, Spittal, a fisherman, his wife, and three children died of the disease between
January 6th and 12th.

In April the epidemic very much subsided, and only 107 deaths were referred to
cholera in England. There were no deaths from the disease upon the 8th, 14th, and
26th ; the only days which enjoyed this exemption in the year. There were in the
month only 9 deaths from cholera in London, and the mortality was chiefly in the
north-western and northern divisions of England. In May the deaths from cholera
were 327 ; the fatal period of the epidemic set in at Liverpool, and went on through
June, when the deaths were 2046 in all England- South Wales was now suffering,
and at the end of June the deaths from cholera rapidly increased in London. Some
alarm was felt, but, practically, little progress was made in the sanatory defences of the
country. This was adverted to in the Quarterly Return as well as the mortality which
the epidemic might cause : —

“ The epidemic cholera, which reached England in October, 1848, and is now causing
many deaths in London, Liverpool, and other places, will, it is true, increase the
general mortality in the months of July, August, and September as it did before; but
the ravages of cholera, of typhus, and of the insidious influenza, which threaten the
country, may be greatly mitigated if the same talent and energy are applied to the im-
provement of the public health, as have been applied to other great undertakings in
which England has engaged.

“ Registration did not exist in 1832; hut it appears from the returns then made to the
Board of Health, that in London 994 persons died of cholera in the first part of the
epidemic, extending from February 14 to May 15, 1832; 4266 in the second part,
extending from June 15 to October 31; and 15 in November and December.
Allowing for defective returns in 1832, it is not probable that the fatality of cholera
will be greater in 1849 than it was then ; or that the danger will amount to more than

* Notes to Weekly Table, January 20th, 1849.

xxii 1849. Progress and Decline of Cholera.

this, that for a few weeks an inhabitant of London will incur the same chance of dying
in one week as he usually incurs in two or three weeks.” — Report for Quarter
ending June 30 th, 1849.

The epidemic broke out at Gloucester in May; two cases were fatal on May 8th,
in the sub-district of St. Nicholas. The disease spread, and continued through the
following months ; the last death occurred on November nth. In the Union work-
house at Keynsham, which lies between Bristol and Bath, an agricultural labourer died
on May 5th of a diarrhoea, said to be of 4 weeks' duration ; on the same day a labourer,
aged 32, died of cholera after 12 hours’ illness. Between May 6th and May I2th, 9
more paupers died in the Union workhouse. On May nth a solicitor in Keynsham
died: the disease then attacked the other inhabitants of the place, and was fatal to 56
persons in May and June, 13 of whom died in the Union workhouse. Clifton and
Bristol were attacked in June, the first case occurring at Bristol on June 1st. Cardiff,
on the other side of the Bristol Channel, was attacked in May, and Merthyr Tydfil very
fatally in June, a few cases only having happened in two sub-districts in May. The
deaths from cholera in Liverpool were 18 in March, 19 in April, 96 in May, and 424 in
June; in West Derby 6 in May, 92 in June. In Sunderland the deaths which had
been 133 in March were 12 in April, o in May, 1 in June. Durham experienced the
highest mortality in June ; the deaths from cholera were 3 in March, 2 in April, 15 in
May, 75 in June, 31 in July, 8 in August.

In the summer, the epidemic advanced rapidly ; and in all England cholera was
fatal to 7570 persons in July, 15872 in August, and 20379 in September; or dividing
the quarter into weeks, the deaths in the 13 weeks from the 27th to the 39th inclusive,
were 822, 1535, 2202, 2164, 2565, 2959, 4092, 3921, 4691,7148,5444,3458,311(1
2724. The mortality was highest in the 36th week of the year, when cholera alone de-
stroyed 7148 !i\es. On Wednesday, September 5th, it was fatal to 1120, on Thursday,
September 6th, to 1121 persons. On these two days the epidemic was at its highest
point. The deaths on August 31st were 570 ; the increase in September was remark-
able: the deaths on Saturday, September 1st, were 739, and on the 9 days following
866, 888, 969, 1120, 1121, 1000, 992, 1058, 891. The fatality of the disease sensibly
decreased on September nth; on that and the 9 following days the deaths were 792,
793, 876, 731, 717, 644, 615, 604, 554, and 471, gradually subsiding to 380 on the last
dav of the month. The epidemic was at its maximum on August nth in Wales, on
September 4th in London, on September 5th— 6th in the West-Midland, the Nortu-
Western, and York divisions, on September 1 4th— 1 5 th in the Northern division.

The decline of the epi lemic was more rapid than its increase; while it was fatal to
2°379 persons in September, 4654 died of it in October, 844 in November, and 163
in December. The mortality in October was chiefly in the South-Western, Wfst-
Midland, North-Western, York and Northern divisions; in London, the South-
Eastern, the Eastern, the North-Midland and Welsh divisions, the mortality was
much less considerable: while 54 deaths from cholera occurred in England on the last,
day of October, 11 occurred on the last day of November; and on the last day of
December 2 persons died, one in Shropshire, and one in Durham.

Diarrhoea was more fatal than cholera in the months of January, February, March,
April, and May ; in June the mortality from cholera was twice as great as the mortality
from diarrhoea; in July, August, and September the mortality from diarrhoea and
cholera increased ; but the mortality from cholera became fourfold that from diarrhoea;
in October it was only twice as great; in November the deaths from diarrhoea exceeded
in number the deaths from cholera, and in December the deaths from diarrhoea were
592, from cholera 163. The annexed table (p. xxiii) exhibits the deaths in each month
from the two forms of disease.

Many of the cases of diarrhoea were such ordinary cases as every year occur ; but
diarrhoea is one of the earliest and most common symptoms of cholera, and many cases
differed only from cholera in the absence of “spasms,” or of some of the striking rather
than the essential symptoms. 12045 of the 18887 deaths referred to diarrhoea were in
children under 5 years of age; and the symptoms of cholera as well as of other diseases
at that early age undergo considerable modification.

The London Cholera Field , 1849. xxiii

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in England, in eacli Month of the Year 1849.

Jan.

Feb.

March.

April.

May.

June.

July.

August.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Cholera .

658

371

302

107

327

2046

75 70

15872

20379

4654

844

163

Diarrhoea .

810

698

00

O

r>.

666

721

926

2124

3599

4928

2244

871

592

Cholera &)
Diarrhoea/

1468

1069

IOIO

773

1048

2972

9694

19471

25307

6898

1715

755

THE LONDON CHOLERA FIELD, 1849.

The distribution of the epidemic over the country may now be shown. London was
the centre of a great system of attack which extended to Hertford and Hitchin, West
Ham, Romford and Rochford on the north side of the Thames ; to Dartford and Graves-
end, Margate and Ramsgate, Dover, Croydon and Brighton, in Kent and Sussex.

The disease, like a smouldering fire, broke out as the temperature advanced in
London. The return for the week ending May 12th “ indicated a continued tendency
in the public health to improve. The deaths from all causes were 905, or 58 less than
the average; the deaths in the week following were 1033; the wind was S.W., rain
fell to the extent of *67 inches, and the mean temperature of the air was 54°* 9, which
is 2° ’6 above the mean temperature of the week. In all London, only one little girl,
aged 5 years, died of cholera in 6 hours.”*

In the week ending May 26th, the deaths in London were only 897. “ The deaths

are fewer than in the corresponding week of any former year since 1846.” Three
women, however, died of cholera; one in St. John, Westminster; one a milliner in a
large house of business (246 Regent-street); and one, a tailor’s wife, at the German
Hospital, Dalston. Two children died of choleraic diarrhcea. The temperature was
56°'9, or i0,9 above the average ; the fall of rain was 1 *37 inches.

In the week ending June 2nd, 895 deaths were registered; 9 from cholera. The
mean temperature of the air was now 6oD’3, of the Thames water 63° • 5. The fall of
rain was i"6 inches; the wind sluggish N. and S.W. Negative electricity was
exhibited during heavy rain on Monday ; positive on Friday and Saturday. The deaths
from all causes were 971 ; and 22 were by cholera in the week ending June 9th. The
mean temperature of the air was 59°' 7 ; the temperature of the Thames was 6 50 • 7 .

1- The deaths in the week ending June 16th were 912, which is less than the average
number; while the deaths in the tubercular class, diseases of the nervous system, and
diseases of the respiratory organs declined, zymotic diseases increased ; and cholera
was fatal to 42 persons. The temperature of the air was low, 53°’ 5 ; of the Thames
62°. The deaths in the next week were 985, only 22 above the corrected average; 49
were from cholera. The temperature of the air was 590' 2 ; of the Thames 62°.

In the week ending June 30th, 1217 deaths were registered ; 124 by cholera. The
cholera was by far the most prevalent on the south side of the Thames. The tem-
perature of the air in the beginning of the week was much above the average; the
temperature of the Thames was 66° ’6 during the week.

The deaths in the week ending July 7th were only 1070; but cholera increased,
and the deaths which it caused were 152. The mean temparature of the air was 62°’ 7 ;
on Saturday the thermometer reached 82° in the shade, I03°’ 5 in the sun.

In the second week of July, the mortality first rose sensibly above the average ; the
deaths were 1369; and the increase was referrible to cholera, which was the cause of
339 deaths; 102 deaths of children under 15 jears of age, 192 adults of 15 and

* The number of deaths cited in the weekly tables of London invariably refer to the deaths registered
in the week. The deaths are registered at a certain interval after their occurrence ; consequently the
deaths registered in a week are not all deaths that occur in the week. The deaths occurring on every
day are given in the subsequent tables.

XXIV

The London Cholera Field.

under 60, and 45 of aged persons. The northern districts suffered least, the southern
most. The air was stagnant, and the wind in the N.N.E. ; the sky was cloudless, and
no rain fell. The mean temperature of the air was 66° • 8 ; of the Thames 68° • 7 .

The mortality increased, and the deaths from all causes were 1741 in the third week
of July ; 678 of the deaths were by cholera, 1 31 by diarrhoea. The high north districts
still enjoyed comparative immunity (7 deaths from cholera) ; the hottest attack was
directed to the south side of the Thames, where 443 of the deaths occurred. Poplar, in
the east, suffered severely ; 37 deaths from cholera were returned. The mean tem-
perature of the week fell to 6o°*5 ; the winds were stirring, the sky was overcast,
lightning flashes were seen on the 19th and 20th; the thunder was followed by showers
and heavy rain.

July 22nd to July 28. “ Again the return indicates an increase on the excessive
mortality of the previous week. The deaths from all causes rose to 1931 ; a num-
ber which is almost double the weekly average, and exceeds that of the previous week
by nearly 200. Influenza in 1847 raised the mortality more rapidly; the deaths from
all causes, in the first 4 weeks of that epidemic, were 1086, 1677, 2454, and 2416;
while, in the 4 first weeks of the cholera epidemic, the deaths Irom all causes have been
1070, 1369, 1741, and 1931. The deaths from cholera are 783, from diarrhoea 224.
The districts on the south side of the river still form the field on which the disease is
most active. There is a slight decrease in the eastern districts.” In the whole of the
western and northern districts the deaths are only 68. Cholera is, for the first time,
more fatal to females than to males; the deaths having been 383 males, 401 females.
The mean temperature is 58°' 9 ; the fall of rain in the week is 2°’ 1 5 inches. The wind
is S.W., and moves at a rate of about 100 miles a-day. On the afternoon of the 26th
a violent thunder-storm occurred, the flashes of lightning were vivid and in quick suc-
cession, followed by loud thunder at intervals of 15 to 20 seconds generally. Rain was
falling heavily during the storm.

July 29 to August 4th. The deaths registered from all causes are 1967, from
cholera 926. Diarrhoea has decreased ; it is the cause of 179 deaths. “ Other epidemics
are under the average, except hooping-cough, which a little exceeds it.” The epidemic
is still chiefly on the south side of the Thames, where 621 of the 926 deaths occurred.
The temperature of the air (59°* 5) still remains below the average.

The mortality from all causes increased little ; and, in the week following, the
mortality from cholera declined. The people generally were ready to believe that the
epidemic was giving way; and the efforts which had been commenced without much
vigour, and with little confidence in their efficacy by the local authorities, were sus-
pended. Looking at the course of the epidemic in 1832, at the preceding low and
now high temperature, at the field of operations which had hitherto been very much
confined to the south side of the river, and were now extended to the north, it was
evident that the danger was increasing, and that more active exertions were required.
The registrars were requested to extend their returns; and the weekly tables were
accompanied by such observations as, in the emergency, appeared likely to be useful
and to save life.

The following extracts from the Weekly Tables exhibit the progress and effects of the
epidemic at its height: —

Auanst ^th-Xlth. — The deaths in London during the week ending Saturday, August nth, are 1909. The
mortality it somewhat less than it was in the previous week. The deaths from all causes in the last six weeks
were 10,0. 1569, 1741, 1931, 1967, and 1909; of which 393, 630, 1002, 1173, 1308, and 1185, were by
diseases of the zymotic class. Small-pox, scarlatina, and hooping-cough are comparatively quiescent ;
typhus is more fatal than it was. The excess of 901 deaths over the average is due to diarrhoea and
cholera, which were fatal to 173 and 823 persons. The deaths from cholera during the last six weeks
were 152, 339, 678, 783, 926, and 823. The decrease is gratifying; but it is right to observe that the
improvement is chiefly confined to West Loudon, Poplar, St. George Southwark, Newington, Camberwell,
and Lambeth. The deaths from cholera in the two last weeks were 29 and 48 in Wandsworth ; 9 and 21
in I’aucras; 4 and 14 in Islington; 3 and 10 in London City; 16 and 35 in Bethnal Green; 15 and 35
in St. Giles. The deaths from all causes on the north side of the Thames (1118) were 89 more than the
deaths (1029) of the previous week. The parishes which have not yet been visited must be on their guard.
Those in which the epidemic has partially subsided should redouble their precautions. The epidemic of
1832 broke out in three successive eruptions; the first commencing in February, was at its maximum in

XXV

London Weekly Reports , 1849.

April and subsided ; the second rose rapidly from June to July, and sunk again down to the second week
of August; its course was very much like that pursued by the present epidemic. The deaths returned by
the parish clerks in the three weeks from July 17 to August 7, in 1832, were 968, 793, 661 ; which,
allowing for the defects in their returns and for increase of population, are equivalent to 2323, 1903, 1586,
or 5812 deaths in 1849, when the deaths registered in the corresponding weeks were 1931, 1967, 1909, or
5807 in the three weeks July 21st to August nth. A third eruption in 1832 broke out at the end of
August, and extended to the first weeks of September ; a fourth in 1833.

ft is satisfactory to find that the deaths of 819 out of the 823 persons who died last week of cholera are
certified. They were seen by qualified medical attendants. But it is to be feared that the advice was not
obtained in time. The accounts of the sudden stoppage of the epidemic by prompt medical treatment
and the house-to-house visitation are perhaps over-coloured. But a mortality as high now as in 1832
should not take place: it may be prevented by improvements in the treatment — by arresting the premoni-
tory symptoms — by still earlier attention to the general health. Medical men are called when the people
are dying; but it is then too late. If the families of the middle and higher classes were seen at intervals
during the epidemic by their medical attendants, and a corps of medical officers employed by the
Guardians to visit the poor at short intervals, the present epidemic might very probably be cut short, and
a third eruption be averted. The precise locality in which almost every victim of cholera lived is given
in the present return under each district; would it not be practicable for the authorities to have all
these and the neighbouring localities inspected ? If this were done, and proper precautions taken,
the tragedy of Albion-terrace, Wandsworth-road, where 17 persons died in two weeks in ten houses,
could scarcely recur. The particulars of the 17 deaths will be found in the notes under Wandsworth
and Clapham. Another case appears this week in the note under Hampstead. In the house, No. 6,
Albion-terrace, Wandsworth, 5 deaths had been registered — a Wesleyan minister’s wife, aged 59 ; his mother,
80 ; a widow, 49 ; and two old servants. This is all we learn from the Clapham Registrar. The Registrar
of Hampstead adds, that, during the week, an aged man came with a friend to Hampstead for change of
air, — breakfasted, dined, went to London to transact business at the Bank of England, and after his return
seemed “ pretty well.” At six o’clock the next morning he felt ill, and had medical advice, but died in
eight hours. This old minister was apparently the last of his family, for he had seen his mother, wife, and
servants die before him in Albion-terrace, and could not fly from the poison which he carried in his
breast. Such desolation could scarcely happen without great negligence on the part of the people them-
selves and on the part of the authorities.

August l2tli-if>tli. — It is one of the characters of epidemic diseases, that in some years their fatality is
inconsiderable, in other years excessive. Since 1832 and 1833, cases of cholera have appeared in the
Tables, — but the deaths in the second week of August during the past five years have fluctuated from
1 to 23. In the week ending Saturday, August 1 8th, the deaths in London were 2230; of which 1230
were by cholera, 188 by diarrhoea. The deaths from all causes in the last seven weeks were 1070, 1369,
1741, 1931, 1967, 1909, and 2230; the deaths from cholera, 152, 339, 678, 783, 926, 823, and 1230.
The deaths from cholera exceed those in the previous week by 407; but in that week the mortality
declined. The population is about 2,206,000 ; so that nearly 1 in rooo of the inhabitants now die
weekly. The deaths from all diseases, except cholera, are 1000, which is the average number of the
season; and 539 were at ages under 15, 256 at the ages 15-60, 205 at the age of 60 and upwards. Of
the 1230 persons who died from cholera, 318 were under the age of 15, 721 were 15-60, and 191 were
60 and upwards : it carries off an excessive proportion of people in the prime of life. 597 males and 633
females died of the disease last week ; at an earlier period of the epidemic, the deaths of males exceeded
those of females. Of 6194 persons who have died of cholera in London since September 1848, 3524 have
died on the south side of the Thames. It has now crossed the River. The mortality last week increased
in the districts of St. George Southwark, Newington, and Lambeth : it broke out with extraordinary violence
in Greenwich ; and on the north side of the Thames — in Stepney, Shoreditch, and Bethnal Green — 55,98,
and 125 deaths were registered. The deaths from cholera in the last two weeks were 35 and 125 in
Bethnal Green, 21 and 98 in Shoreditch, 24 and 55 in Stepney, 42 and 76 in the districts of the East,
West, and City of London, comprehending the jurisdiction of the City properly so called, 7 and 24 in
Marylebone, 1 7 and 34 in Westminster district, 5 and 20 in Chelsea.

This excessive mortality must be viewed with great regret. Looking to the authentic reports of the
effects of general sanatory measures, and of efficient medical relief placed within the reach, or carried to
the homes of the people, it is quite evident that the measures now in operation are unequal to the emer-
gency. The classes which have the greatest claim for public succour are not idle, habitual paupers, but
tiie hard-working artizan : yet it is stated that in some parishes the arrangements are such that medical
relief is not procurable directly from the district medical officers, who are, to the utmost extent of their
powers, discharging their painful duties with praiseworthy diligence and humanity. In a disease which
so often attacks in the night, and is fatal in twenty-four hours, the poor have to procure orders before they
can be treated. Unless some change be made in these simple administrative arrangements, the mortality
from cholera may be higher than it has yet been in London.

To render all the assistance which the registration system can afford for the discovery and removal of
the causes of cholera, the Registrars were last week requested to state in each case — “ whether the house
or street in which the death occurred was close, ill cleansed, over-crowded, or otherwise unfavourable to
health.” The results will be found in the Notes [to the Weekly Table], which show, besides, the sex,
age, profession, duration of disease, date and place of death — in every fatal case of cholera and of diarrhoea
registered during the week.

August iqth-25th. — In the week ending Saturday, August 25th, the deaths registered in London were

XXVI

1849. London Weekly Reports.

2456 ; of which 1272 were by cholera, 240 by diarrhoea. The deaths from all causes in each of the last
eight weeks were 1070, 1369, 1741, 1931, 1967, 1909, 2230, 2456; rhe deaths from cholera 152, 339, 678,
783, 926, 823, 1229, and 1272. Although the number of deaths last week is greater than any number
yet recorded, it is gratifying to learn that active measures are now in actual operation, or commencing
in every district, to combat the great epidemic which has already destroyed 7466 lives in London.

The energy with which parts of our institutions work makes the defects of the rest more evident. On
August 9th last, a man was murdered in Bermondsey, and before his death, reported by the coroner,
will appear in these returns, one— and it is probable both the persons charged with the murder will be in
custody. Steam-ships, the electric telegraph, the heads of the police, and professional agents, specially
chosen, were all employed to arrest the destroyers of this life; the columns of the newspapers were tilled
with the details of the death. On the same day a stock-broker died at No. 12, Albion-terrace, Wands-
worth-road ; a widow lady, and an old domestic servant at No. 6 ; in the five preceding days, in the same
terrace, the daughter of a grocer, a child of 5 years of age, had died at No. 1 ; the willow of a coach-
proprietor, and a commercial clerk, at No. 2 ; a gentleman’s widow at No. 3 ; a surgeon’s daughter at
No. 4 ; a spinster of 4: at No. 5 ; the wife of a dissenting minister, his mother, a widow lady, and a servant
at No. 6; a young woman of 2t at No. 10; a gentleman at No. 12, where the stock-broker died; a
commercial clerk and a young woman of 19 at No. 13, where a young woman also died on July 28th; a
gentleman’s wife at No. 14, who had seen her daughter die there the day before. The 19 persons
died of cholera, many of the inhabitants of the Terrace were dispersed ; and the deaths of several have been
registered elsewhere. “It appears,” says the Registrar, Mr. Frost, “that at No. 13, where the first
death occurred, and where 2 deaths were afterwards registered, the refuse of the house had been allowed
to accumulate in one of the vaults (which is a very large one) for about two years, and when removed
last week, the stench was almost intolerable, there being about two feet of wet soil, covered with maggots.
The drains also had burst, overflowed into the tank, and impregnated the water with which the houses
were supplied. On the back ground, in the distance, was an open ditch, into which nearly the whole
of the soil of Clapham runs.” As turpentine to flames, so is the exhalation of such cellars, tanks, and
sewers, to cholera; it broke out — it diffused itself rapidly — it attacked many; and 19 inhabitants — after
some hours of suffering, sickness, and spasms — expired.

The effects of decomposing refuse and water on health were well known — these fatal subsidies to cholera
had been heard of every day; yet no steps had been taken for their removal from Albion-terrace in July —
no medical police had interfered to disturb the contents of Mr. Biddle’s cellar — and now the 19 masters,
servants, parents, children rest in their graves, it appears to be taken for granted that blame attaches to
nobody — to nothing — not to the householders themselves — to the Guardians of the district — to the
institutions of the country 1 Such mean inanimate instruments of death can be invested with nr. dramatic
interest ; but fixing otu eyes on the victims, it is well worth considering whether substantially it is not as
much a part of the sound policy of the country that lives like those in Albion-terrace should be saved,
as that the murderers of the man in Bermondsey should be hanged.

The revelations of the state of their districts in the Registrars’ notes of this and last week prove that it
will be no easy task — not to stay the plague of cholera for it will subside — but to remove the evils which
make cholera and all epidemics fatal. The vast task of the physical amelioration of the population
demands the energies of the best men in Her Majesty's dominions. When, in the country from which
Asiatic cholera came, our armies seemed for a moment worsted, and the empire threatened, the great
captain of the age is reported to have addressed to another the memorable words, “ If you do not go I
must.” That enemy was distant. We have one now very near, in our streets, of which cholera, a servile
minister, has destroyed already 7466 lives in London, and thousands mme in the rest of the kingdom.
Who will go out against this enemy ? Is it too powerful or too feeble for the arm of the greatest? W ill
no glory crown its conquest? Is the country insensible to its magnitude? Will not all the national
strength and resources be put forth to improve the hygienic condition of the people, and to rid England
of the causes of the fatality of epidemics? This may yet be done by the Government, if aided by the
force of facts, and of enlightened public opinion.

Auqust 26 th to September 1st. — The deaths registered in London in the week ending September 1st
were 2796 ; of which 1 663 were by cholera, 234 by diarrhoea. The mortality exceeds that of any previous
week. The greatest number ever registered before in any week since 1840, was 2454 deaths, in the week
ending December 4, 1847, when the last epidemic of influenza prevailed. In the cholera epidemic of
1832, the parish clerks, in the old Bills of Mortality, returned 1021 burials for the week ending
August 28th ; which, allowing for the defects in their returns, and for increase of population, are
equivalent to 2430 deaths at the present time. The burials after that week in 1832 declined.

The mortality is nearly three times the average of the season, and is sensibly felt all over the metropolis;
but the inhabitants of the north and west districts, and people in the distance, can yet scarcely form a
notion of the suffering on the south side the Thames, and, since the middle of August, in the east
districts. “The 12th, 13th, and 14th of August,” says one of the Registrars of Bethnal Green, “will long
be remembered in this neighbourhood, the outbreak of this fatal disease being without any adequate
preparation ; surgeons were wanted in many places at once : the hurried passing and repassing of
messengers, and the wailing of relatives tilled the streets with confusion and woe, and impressed on all a
deep sense of an awful calamity.”

Cholera has already destroyed, in this epidemic, nine thousand one hundred and twenty-nine lives in
London.

As it is one of the purposes of the Registration Act to ascertain the “causes of death,” and of the
Weekly Tables, not to gratify idle curiosity, but to point these out to the public, the Registrars have been
requested to give all the information they cau respecting the state of every part of their districts. This

London Weekly Reports. xxvii

many of them have taken considerable pains to do, and their notes will, it is hoped, be found serviceable
to the guardians and medical inspectors, now and at future times. For it is important to bear in mind
that cholera only brings into a strong light the localities, which elaborate calculations in the Annual
Reports prove are at all times fatal to the health and life of the inhabitants.

Alter the perils of this terrible week we seem to see land ; but as many thousands of lives may be lost
in an epidemic by negligence, so, many thousands may be saved by skill, vigilance, and energy — by more
ample supples of water — by the rapid removal of nuisances from the houses and streets — by the prompt
administration of medical appliances and other comforts, by the active co-operation of the medical
profession, of the Boards of Guardians, of employers, of every householder, of every individual, with the
Board of Health and health officers.

On the clay the above remarks were written, Tuesday, September 4th, the mortality
in London was highest; 336 persons died of cholera during the day, 314 died on Wed-
nesday, 297 on Thursday, 284 on Friday, and 31 1 on Saturday. As the decline of the
epidemic was slow, and the registration takes place 3 or 4 days after death, the return
for the week ending September 8th was heavier than the return on the week preceding.
The mortality was now 3 times as high as the average; many people had lost friends
or acquaintances that they had lately seen alive : and the uninterrupted increase inspired
feelings of terror in some minds — a general uneasiness in all. Under these circumstances
it was deemed right to advert to the epidemic’s decline, which its previous course, the
law which governs its progress, its actual operations, and the season of the year — all
rendered probable, and next to certain.

The natural tendency of the public mind is to make no timely provision against distant
dangers, and to exaggerate dangers present; apathy had now given way to excitement,
which the announcement of the next week was unfortunately calculated to increase.

September 2nd to September 8 th. — The Bills of Mortality were commenced in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth; and ever since the year 1603, have been published by authority in London. In this respect
the English metropolis stands alone; no Weekly Tables of the causes of death of every inhabitant are
published in the capital of any other European state. Various motives for the measure have been
assigned ; but the fact of continuous publication, from a period anterior to the appearance of newspapers
and gazettes, is remarkable and characteristic. It may be fairly referred to the natural inclination of the
English people, when they are in trouble, to know the truth ; and to see in figures the precise extent of
their losses; although at times the sight might well make the courage of the bravest quail. On the
Continent “ precautions have been used ” in publishing the mortality of cholera in 1849 ; and the deaths
from all causes have not yet been made known. The parish clerks of London in the seventeenth century,
when the plague was at its height, counted the deaths and recorded their supposed causes ; and the citizen,
when the death-cart traversed the streets, anxiously studied the bill, surrounded by its gloomy symbolical
border, announcing 8297 deaths in a week out of a population of 600,000. In the hands of Price,
Heberden, Willis, Bateman, and other statists, these records have disclosed the laws of mortality, and the
causes of the insalubrity of the present cities.

One of their immediate advantages, however, is the evidence which they furnish that the most fatal and
threatening plagues go through, with some perturbations, certain prescribed orbits ; and after raging for a
given number of weeks, disappear. Plague, influenza, and cholera have been vanquished before; and to
despair now would be as unreasonable as it was in the beginning of the year to deny that the cholera
epidemic was impending. Those officers who are struggling with the triumphant enemy under every
disadvantage will yet be victors; for if they have art, they have also nature on their side.

The mortality in the week ending Saturday, September 8th, declined in the west and east districts of
London, and increased slightly 111 the north and central districts, so that the deaths registered (1741) on
the north side the Thames were 19 less than in the previous week. It was otherwise on the south side the
river, where the deaths registered in the week were 1442! The total deaths registered in London were
3183: of males, 1460; females, 1723. The deaths of females exceeded the deaths of males by 263 ; the
reverse of the usual proportions. The deaths from cholera were 2026 ; the numbers decreased in the
districts of Shoreditch, Bethnal Green, Whitechapel, Stepney, Westminster; increased in Bermondsey, St.
George Southwark, Newington, Lambeth, Wandsworth, Camberwell, and Rotherhithe. The epidemic,
which had been partially subdued, broke out again with terrible violence in Lambeth, where 279 persons
died of cholera in the week.

Mr. Daws, one of the Registrars of Lambeth, who has made careful inquiries on the subject, says : “At
least half the cases I have registered were allowed to proceed unchecked, until the most alarming and
dangerous symptoms had manifested themselves ; but lately more circumspection seems to have been used.
Nevertheless, the cases are still numerous, in which persons seem (from the painless nature of the attack)
to be unconscious how highly necessary it is that immediate attention should be paid to it.” People are
so much accustomed to associate danger exclusively with pain, that the most fatal symptom unaccom-
panied by pain is neglected. They must, however, be taught to look upon paiidess diarrhoea with
the anxiety that people in the plague looked upon the swellings, called tokens — which were also pain-
less— but with less fear ; for the premonitory symptom now seems to be sent not so much to announce
death as to give timely warning, and to call attention to that stage of the malady in which medicine can
heal.

xxv iii London Weekly Reports.

As medical skill is of most avail at the beginning and end of a fever, as the effect of the engines is most
conspicuous at the outbreak anil end of a conflagration, and as most energy is demanded when the wreck
nears the shore, so it is in an epidemic ; which, if it has not been checked at first, may yet be cut short,
and combated with effect, as it declines. None of the measures of relief in any district should therefore be
discontinued, but be prosecuted with redoubled vigour, until it has been completely subdued; and the
districts which have not yet suffered greatly should immediately complete their preparations. For the time
is short ; the evils of delay irreparable.

September yth to the l^th. — A daily return of the fatal cases of cholera and
diarrhoea was now made to the Registrar-General. The particulars of all the
deaths from these causes on Monday, September ioth, were printed on Tuesday, Sep-
tember nth, and thus facilitated the house-to-house visitation, which had been set on
foot by the Board of Health, and was efficiently carried out in several districts. The
mean temperature, which in the two previous weeks had been 64°*o and 64°" i fell to
5 6C • 5 . The wind, which had been north, blew from the south-west. Electricity was as
it had been for the two previous weeks, positive and stirring ; frequent flashes of
lighining were seen during Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday evenings. The sky was
often overcast, and showers fell.

The deaths in the week fell to 2865 ; of which 1682 were by cholera, 280 by
diarrhoea. From this date the epidemic rapidly declined : the deaths from all causes in
the 8 weeks following were 1981, 1616, 1290, 1075, 1028,902, 837, and 893; the
deaths from cholera in the same weeks were 839, 434, 288, no, 41, 25, II, and 6.
The remarks in the table of this last week are: —

In the week ending Saturday, November loth, the deaths registered in the metropolitan districts were
893 ; a number which shows an excess of 56 on the return of the previous week, but a reduction of 269
on the corrected average of five autumns. If the present return be compared with that made in the same
week of each of the years 1840-8, it will be found that, with but one exception (in 1841, when the deaths
were 841), the mortality ranged formerly from 910 to 1165, and therefore was considerably higher than in
last week, though the population in those years was less. The increase of 56 now observed on the week
ending November 3, partly arises from pneumonia and bronchitis, the deaths from which become more
numerous as the winter advances, having been 104 in the previous week, 127 in the last. The total
number of deaths from cholera in the week was only 6 (5 less than in the previous week); in the same
week of 1848 there were 62. The steady decline of diarrhoea and dysentery is shown by the numbers of
the last five weeks, which were respectively 105, 63, 5 1, 40, and 29. A boy died of diarrhoea in Peter-
borough-row, Fulham, whose father had been carried oil' by cholera in September; a boy of the same
disease at Brudenell-place, New North road, from an unwholesome condition of the house; and a girl at
Maidstone-place, in the house in which a death from cholera, reported in the former week, occurred, and
in a locality then described as “ low and ill-drained.” Of the 6 deaths from cholera, one occurred at
Water-lane, Homerton ; one at Wealherhead-gardens (Hackney-road), a place low, undrained, and
drenched by waste water ; one in Christchurch, St. Saviour; one at Drummond-road, St James, Ber-
mondsey ; one in Walworth; and one in Lambeth. A death from apoplexy, on which an inquest was
held, occurred in Huntingdon-street, Hoxton The deceased was a female of 65, who for the last four
years had lived in an underground cellar, which is only 11 feet in length, 8 feet 6 inches in width, 5 feet
9 inches in height, and sunk 5 feet 7 inches below the surface of the street. A small window scarce gives
light or ventilation, and “ the walls ” (says the Registrar) “ are so damp that you might brush the water
from them.’’

The mean daily reading of the barometer was above 30 inches on the last three days of the week. The
mean of the week was 29*732. The temperature on the last three days was considerably higher than the
average of the same days in 7 years. The mean of the week was 50°' 2, which is higher than the
average by 4°* 1.

In the three last months of the year 1848, 478 persons died of cholera ; which in
the year 1849 destroyed 1 41 37 lives in London. In the year 1849 not less than 3899
deaths were referred to diarrhoea. The deaths from the two causes were 18036. One
in 161 of the inhabitants was cut oft" bv the epidemic in its severest form. Of every
10000 persons living 62 were killed by cholera, 17 by diarrhoea. *

While London was suffering, all the region round was assailed ; all the country in the
basin of the Tiiames, Suffolk, Norfolk, the south midland counties, and Sussex, were
involved in the attack. Some districts suffered severely, others escaped entirely, or,
taking the population into account, only lo^t an inconsiderable number of lives. The
scale on which the mortality is measured is IOOOO living, and the deaths in London by
cholera out of this number were, as we have seen, 72 ; in all England, 33. The

* See Table, j>. exxx, where the mortality of districts in which cholera was most fatal is given, derived
from the population enumerated March 31, 1851. The mortality of these districts is frequently alluded to.

Cholera Field round London.

XXIX

population of 1841 is the basis of the calculations; and where the range of mortality is
so great as it is in this case, the variation in the rates of increase of population will
not materially affect the results. In the metropolitan districts of Surrey the mortality
from cholera ranged from Rotherhithe 253 (in 10000 inhabitants is understood
throughout) to Wandsworth 122 : out of London, the districts of Eps«'m, Guildford,
Farnham, Dorking, Reigate, and Godstone lost only 4 to 6 (in 10000) ; Hambleton and
Farnborough lost none; Croydon 34; Richmond 35, Kingston 13, and Chertsey 24,
the three latter districts lying on the south bank of the Thames. In Middlesex, on
the north side of the Thames, Brentford lost 50, Staines 31 ; Uxbridge 21, Hendon 9,
Barnet 20, Edmonton 24. In Hertfortshire, the districts of Hertford and Hitchin
suffered severely ; 57 in 10000 were destroyed. Hertford is on the River Lea and
near the source of the New River; Hitchin is further north, and is interspersed with
hills; 24 deaths from cholera took place in the Hitchin Union workhouse. The first
case at Hertford wras in the Union workhouse ; many of the deaths took place in the
county gaol, at Butcherley Green and at Old Cross. In the Watford district 25,
Hemel Hempstead 18 (in 10000) died of cholera. In Bishop Stortford, Royston, Hat-
field, St. Alban, and Berkhampstead the mortality was inconsiderable, ranging from 2
to 7 in 10000. The mortality was equally low in the districts of Buckinghamshire,
except Eton, where 20, and Wycombe, where 31 in xoooo died (chiefly at Great
Marlow and High Wycombe). The latter districts are on the Thames. Windsor lost
28, and, ascending the Thames, Abingdon 18, Headington 22, Oxford 22, Witney 14.
At Wokingham, Bradfield, Wallingford, Woodstock, Faringdon, and Cirencester in
Gloucestershire, near the source of the Thames, the mortality was inconsiderable, not
exceeding 2 in 10000. The counties of Northampton and Huntingdon escaped with
few deaths ; at Northampton 17, Hardingstone 28, Peterborough 19 in 10000 died.
Hardingstone adjoins Northampton; the first case occurred in a -boatman; 20 of 24
deaths fronf cholera in this district took place at Piddington. In Bedford 12, in
Biggleswade 14 in 10000 died ; the rest of Bedfordshire lost less than 2 in 10000. In
Essex, descending on the north side of the Thames, West Ham lost 50, Romford 67,
Orsett 28, Rochford 66, Maldon, round the Blackwater River on the east coast, 15,
Tendring 27 in 10000. Tendring includes Harwich, where nearly all the cases occurred,
chiefly in the families of mariners, fishermen, and dredgermen. The population of
Harwich was 3829 in 1841, of whom 69 died of cholera; 25 in the week ending Sep-
tember 8. The rest of the county of Essex — except Epping, where 13 in 10000 died —
suffered inconsiderably. The same may be said of the whole of the counties of Suffolk
and Norfolk. Some districts of Suffolk had no deaths; others had 1 or 2 in 10000;
Ipswich lost only 7 in 10000 by cholera, but suffered severely from diarrhoea; Wang-
ford 7, Muttord 16 in 10000. The deaths in the latter district were chiefly at Lowes-
toft, which is included in the port of Yarmouth. In Yarmouth itself 36, Norwich 6,
Mitford7in 10000 died. Two parishes in Docking have already been referred to, p. xxi.
Buxton, a parish in the Aylesham district, suffered from a similar circumscribed attack.
Norwich and Kings Lynn and Yarmouth suffered a good deal from diarrhoea. In five
districts of Norfolk no deaths were referred to cholera, in all the rest except those
already named the mortality was inconsiderable. In Cambridgeshire, North Witchford
lost 58, Whittlesey 17, Wisbeach 44 in 10000: like Peterborough they are marshy and
unhealthy districts, lying about the embouchure of the Ouse and the Nene. The rest
of the districts of Cambridgeshire suffered little. Gamhngay in Caxton was the seat
of one of the circumscribed attacks, fatal to 12 persons. In Kent, the districts on the
south bank of the Thames, and the coast down to the North Foreland, suffered from the
epidemic; the deaths in 10000 were, in Dartford 46, North Aylesford (containing North-
fleet) 50, Hoo 25, Medway (including Rochester and Chatham) 34, Milton 59, Sheppey
(including Sheerness) 50, Faversham 10, Blean 17, Thanet (including Margate and
Ramsgate) 65. Of the districts on the coast from the Isle of Thanet to Dungeness, Dover
alone was attacked with any severity. The attacks were often circumscribed : thus of 1 17
deaths in Dartford, 35 occurred in the parish of Crayford, 17 deaths in the Union work-
house Dartford, and 20 at Waterside. At Dartford a labourer, his wife, and four children
were cut off by the pestilence. At Gravesend 1 96 deaths from cholera were registered ;
26 of persons who died on board vessels lying off Gravesend, 34 in the workhouse, 9 in

XXX

Portsmouth and Plymouth Fields.

Passengers’-court, and 8 in Kempthorne-street. “The whole of the surface and under-
ground drainage falls into rudely-constructed cesspools.” Of 73 deaths from cholera
in North Aylesford 32 were at Northfleet. All the districts in the interior of Kent
escaped with few or no deaths. But in Loose, a sub-district of Maidstone, 43 deaths
occurred in the parish of East Farleigh, chiefly among the Irish hop-pickers. The
remaining deaths in Maidstone amounted to 55. The decrease of the mortality on the
high grounds of the county is shown by the districts traversed by the River Medway;
ascending that river, in Sheppey the mortality in 10000 was 50, Milton 59, Medway 34,
Mailing 11, Maidstone (including the hop-pickers at Loose) 30, Tunbridge 8, Seven-
oaks 2.

In Sussex only three districts lost more than 10 in 10000 of the inhabitants;
namely, Hastings, where 34, Brighton, where 41, and Steyning, where 17 died of
cholera to every 10000 inhabitants enumerated at the previous census. In Cuckfield
there was a circumscribed attack.

83; 3 Cuckfield; Hurstperpoint. Pop. 5711. Clio. 14. Diarr. 5. — The whole of the deaths from
cholera took place at Pyecombe (one of 7 parishes forming the sub-district), where the epidemic broke
out with great malignancy in June. Its first victims were three children of labourers, on the 20th, and
a fourth on the 22nd. Four cases terminated fatally on August 1st, and 2 on the following day; a
shepherd died on the 6th, and his widow on the 10th. The recorded duration of attack was in some
instances remarkably short — 4, 5, and 6 hours — 7 hours being the average.

On this wide field, extending over the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Sussex,
Berks, Hertford, Buckingham, Oxford, Northampton, Huntingdon, Bedford, Cam-
bridge, Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, the epidemic committed great ravages: and
18502 lives were destroyed by cholera alone. But its successes were only partial ; of
241 5 1 59 persons and more living, 16285 lost their lives in 36 London and 18 country
districts, having an area of 1144 square miles; while only 2217 persons died in a
population of 2843183 on 13370 square miles. The poison, or whatever it was,
pervaded the whole field ; for in almost every district it caused one or more deaths,
either in the aggravated form or in the masked shape of diarrhoea.

PORTSMOUTH CHOLERA FIELD.

Portsmouth, Southampton, and Salisbury, formed the basis of a less extensive
attack ; but to 10000 living enumerated in 1841,* Portsea Island lost 107, Alverstoke
(Gosport) 93, Southampton 88, the adjoining district of South Stoneham 27, Romsey 14,
the Isle of Wight 36 (where nearly all of the deaths occurred in the low ports on the
north slope of the island, in Cowes, Newport, and Ryde), Winchester 18, Salisbury 174,
the two adjoining districts of Alderbury 19, Wilton 12, Devizes 30. In all the other
districts of Hampshire and Wiltshire the mortality was inconsiderable, although nearly
all were visited in one form or other: 1251 deaths occurred in Portsea Island, Alver-
stoke, Southampton, the Isle of Wight, and Salisbury, to 1457 n living in 1841, on an
area of 163 square miles; while on the rest of the two counties only 309 died of cholera
to a population enumerated in 1841 at 449109 on an area of 2584 square miles: so
circumscribed was the fatal working of the malady.

PLYMOUTH CHOLERA FIELD.

Plymouth is the centre of a cholera field which extends along the southern coast
of England from Purbeck Bay, in Dorsetshire, to the Laud’s End. No deaths from
cholera were registered in Shaftesbury, Sturminster, Blandford, Wimborne, or Bea-
minster districts, in the interior of Dorsetshire; owe death was registered in Sher-
borne, and owe in Warcham, on the coast. In Dorchester, separated from the sea by
the Black Down, 16 deaths occurred, 10 at Fordington, 2 at Holloway-row, 1 at
Bohmston Stinsford, 2 at Piddlctown, 1 at Stafford; 11 deaths were recorded at
Bridport on the coast; and at the ports of Poole and Weymouth the mortality was
26 and 32 in IOOOO. Proceeding along the sea-side districts of Devon, certain small
detached places on the coast were visited severely : thus at Torquay there were 72
deaths, Brixham 75 deaths; 11 at South Brent, 13 at Modbury; in Exeter the
deaths were 44, the mortality 14 in 10000. At Plymouth, East Sonehouse, Stoke

* A Table of the Mortality in many of these districts, calcnluted from the population enumerated in
1851, is gwen at page exxx.

Bristol Cholera Field.

XXXI

Damerel, and the surrounding districts of Plympton St. Mary, Tavistock, St. Germans,
and Liskeard, round the harbour — the Tamar and the Tavy — 2381 cases of cholera
were fatal.* The mortality in the 4 districts lying against the sea was excessive, and
approached 2 per cent, of the population. Whole families were swept away. Many
emigrant ships sail from Plymouth, and others touch there. The epidemic was diffused
among the unhappy emigrants, and many perished. The “ American Eagle,” on board
of which 6 deaths from cholera occurred, attracted attention at an early period, and
was visited by officers of the Board of Health. The healthy districts of North Devon
had few or no deaths. Barnstaple and Bfracombe were exceptions ; these two ports had
several deaths, which made the mortality from cholera in the Barnstaple district 14 in
xoooo. This belongs properly to the Bristol Channel field. The action of the epi-
demic was prolonged down the south coast of Cornwall, and fell with intense violence
on certain spots. At Mevagissey, in St. Austell, 126 deaths from cholera were recorded
out of a population in 1841 of 2310. The mortality of St. Austell was 43, Truro 19,
Falmouth 34, Redruth 28, the Scilly Islands 15 in 10000. The districts of Stratton,
Camelford, Launceston, Bodmin, St. Columb, Helston, and Penzance escaped: the
mortality in these large and populous districts was quite inconsiderable.

BRISTOL CHOLERA FIELD.

The country on both sides of the Bristol Channel was attacked by the epidemic.
Bristol was one of the centres of attack; Merthyr Tydfil, in Glamorganshire, the
other. Bristol is surrounded on the north side by the Clifton district, which
extends to the Channel ; and is separated to the south from Bedminster, in Somer-
setshire, by the river Avon. The mortality in the Bristol district was 90, the Clifton
district 75, the Bedminster district 74 in iocoo. Ascending the Severn, the mor-
tality in the Thornbury district was 5, in Dursley 35, Wheatenhurst 21, Gloucester
44, Tewkesbury 39. Here it may be convenient to trace the epidemic up the Severn,
out of the bounds of the Bristol field, through Worcestershire, Shropshire, and
Montgomeryshire. The mortality in Upton-on-Severn was 8, Worcester 16, Martley
'8, Droitwich 13, Kidderminster 4, Bridgenorth 47, Madeley 23, Shrewsbury 54,
Atcham 8, Montgomery 18, Newtown, extending up to the sources of the Severn, 3.
Nearly all the deaths in the Dursley district occurred at Wotton-under-Edge and Kings-
wood, among labourers, weavers, and their families. Of the 13 deaths from cholera in
Upton-on-Severn, 8 were in the Union workhome. The Bridgnorth district consists
of three sub-districts : in the Bridgnorth sub-district, with 6199 inhabitants, 70 deaths
occurred, in Worfield 5, in Chetton none. Of 15 deaths in the Atcham district, 13
occurred in the Union House at the Cross Houses; 34 of the 37 deaths in the Mont-
gomery district were in Pool. None of the other districts of Gloucestershire, Worces-
tershire, Shropshire, or Montgomeryshire, were assailed with any sensible effect
by tne epidemic, if we except Stourbridge, which is involved — as well perhaps as
Madeley, Bridgenorth, and Shrewsbury — in the Wolverhampton field. No deaths were
returned in the districts of Tetbury, Northleach, Stow-on-the-Wold, Wmchcomb, in
Gloucestershire; in any district of Herefordshire, except Leominster, where 1 death
from cholera was recorded ; in Ludlow or Clun, in Shropshire ; in Evesham, Tenbury, or
Pershore, in Worcestershire. All these districts escaped. The deaths from diarrhoea in
Hereford were 21 ; in the other districts few or none. I11 Northleach, having 10661
inhabitants, in 1841, no death either from diarrhoea or cholera was registered.

In Somersetshire, proceeding from Bedminster, the mortality was 35 in 10000 in
Keynsham, 13 in Bath, 39 in Clutton, 13 in Wells, 23 in Shepton Mallet, 74 in
Bridgewater on the Parrot, and 18 in Taunton on the Tone, which flows into the
Parrot. In Langport, higher up the Parrot, no death from cholera was registered ; and
generally the interior districts, as well as Williton and Wellington on the Channel coast,
leading to the healthy districts of Exmoor Forest, were left unscathed.

Crossing the Bristol Channel, we arrive in Glamorganshire on —

* See an exceedingly interesting and instructive account of the epidemic in a sub-dislrict of Plympton
St. Mary, by A. C. Maclaren ; “ M'Culloch and Maclaren on Cholera,” 1850.

XXXll

Merthyr Tydfil.

\ THE MERTHYR TYDFIL CHOLERA FIELD. '

In the Cardiff district, embracing the feet of the great coal and iron district, the
mortality was 90 in 10000; Merthyr Tydfil, further in the interior, 234; in Bridgend,
lower down the Channel, the mortality was 41, Neath 169, Swansea 68. Round Car-
marthen Bay, in Carmarthenshire, the mortality in Llanelly was 22, in Carmarthen
38 in 10000; in the interior, Llandilofawr 23, and Llandovery 10 in 10000. Ascend-
ing the Usk, Newport lost 75, Pontypool 28, Abergavenny 86, Crickhowel 54, Breck-
nock, round the sources of the Taf and (he Usk, 4 in 10000 inhabitants. The
districts on the lower section of the Wye, which enters the Severn above the Channel,
suffered little more than Herefordshire and Radnorshire; the deaths in the Chepstow
district were 1, Monmouth 9 in 10000. A few deaths from cholera were registered in
Pembrokeshire. No deaths from cholera, few from diarrhoea, were registered in
Cardigan, Newcastle-on-Emlvn, Aberayron, Aberystwith or Tregaron, in Cardigan-
shire; Presteigne or Rhayader, in Radnorshire; Machynlleth, in Montgomeryshire;
Llanrwst, in Denbighshire ; Bala or Dolgelly in Merionethshire ; Conway, in Car-
narvonshire. Except the districts named, Holywell and Flint, on the Dee, Amlwch
and Holyhead, in Anglesea, were the only districts in Wales where cholera produced
any number of deaths.

In Cardiff 2 male infants died of cholera on January 3rd and February nth, after
attacks lasting 12 days and 3 days respectively : epidemic cholera did not appear until
May 13th, when it was fatal to a navigator, aged 19, at 39 Bridge-street, after an attack
of 24 hours’ duration, preceded by diarrhoea for 3 days. Towards the end of May a
considerable increase of mortality took place, and the epidemic was at its height on June
7, when 14 persons died, and during the month it was fatal to 135 persons. The
Registrar of the Cardiff sub-district, in his return for the quarter ending June, 1849,
in alluding to the increase of the number of deaths, says: — “This mortality may in
some degree be ascribed to inadequate drainage, partly to the letting out of a canal
which passes through the town, thereby exposing the mud and matter at the bottom to
the action of the sun, but still more to the very crowded state of the streets and houses
in the poorer localities, to which the disease (cholera) has thus far chiefly confined
itself.” In July the number of deaths fell to 69, but rose again to 91 during August ;
in September 55 persons died; in October 3 ; and the epidemic finally disappeared
alter being fatal to a labourer’s widow, aged 83, at Great Frederick-street, on Novem-
ber 19, and to a carpenter’s son, aged 5 months, at Homfray-street, on December 7th.
During the year 1849 cholera destroyed 396 lives (206 males; 190 females), being at
the rate of 90 deaths to every 10000 persons living. Diarrhoea was latal to 75 persons
(43 males; 32 females), being at the rate of 17 to every 10000 persons living.

Merthyr Tydfil, with the exception of Hull, suffered more severely from cholera than
any district in the kingdom. Its first appearance was on May 21st, when a labourer’s
son, aged 4, died after an attack of 14 hours’ duration, at Heolygillor, and by the end
of the month it was fatal to 16 persons. In June a rapid spread of the epidemic look-
place; on June 7th and 9th the daily deaths amounted to 22, and 349 persons died
during the month. In July the number of fatal attacks was 539, and as many as 32
persons died on July 26. In August the epidemic w-as at its height ; the daily mor-
tality reached 36 on August 2nd; as many as 30 died on August 15th; during
the month it was fatal to 548 persons. In September the deaths fell to 190, and
further declined to 37 in October. In November 3 persons died; the last fatal case
being that of a miner’s widow, aged 73, at Fynnon Tydfil, on November 21st. The fol-
lowing places suffered severely from cholera : — Pont-y-Pridd, Llanwonno ; Pedwranfach ;
Caedraw ; George Town; Market-field; Pont-y-Storehouse ; Penydarran ; Cae Pant
Twvll ; Quarry-row; Cefn Coed, C\ mmer ; Fynnon Tydfil; New Souih Wales, Dow-
lais ; High street and Well-street, Dowiais ; Hirwain, Peuderyn. Cholera was fatal
to 1682 persons (884 males; 798 females), being at the rate of 234 deaths to every
10000 persons living ; diarrhoea was not fatal to more than 97 persons (53 males; 44
females), being at the rate of 14 deaths to every 10000 persons living.

In Neath 2 persons died of cholera in February 1849; but it was not until May

Wolverhampton Cholera Field. xxxiii

2 1 st that the epidemic began to be fatal, when it appeared among the labouring
population at Aberdylais, Blaen Louddan. Throughout June the epidemic prevailed,
and 80 persons died during the month. After the first week of July a rapid in-
crease of mortality occurred; on July 17th as many as 18 persons died, and on
several days it was fatal to 16 persons daily ; during the month 296 deaths took
place. The mortality continued high during the first three weeks of August, and
the deaths in the month amounted to 260 ; the deaths declined to 84 in September, and
to 10 in October. The last fatal attack took place on November 10th, when a labourer,
aged 47, died after an illness of 13 hours, at Lonlase, Llansamlet Higher.

During the year 1849 cholera was fatal in Neath to 738 persons (353 males; 385
females), being at the rate of 169 deaths to every 10000 persons living. Diarrhoea
destroyed 61 lives (28 males; 33 females), being at the rate of 14 deaths to every
10000 persons living.

A table is given in another part of the Report showing the progress of the epidemic
during each day of its prevalence in the districts of Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, and
Neath.

THE WOLVERHAMPTON CHOLERA FIELD.

At the southern extremity of Staffordshire, on a space 12 miles square, 3275 persons
died of cholera and of diarrhoea. The mortality from cholera was in the district of
Wolverhampton 137, Walsall 54, West Bromwich 48, Dudley 48, Stourbridge ex-
tending into Worcestershire, 65 in 10000. It is the Midland coal-field. The Potteries
to the north, comprising Wolstanton, Stoke-upon-Trent, and Newcastle-under-Lyme,
where the mortality was considerable, and Nantwich in Cheshire, Shrewsbury, and
Bridgenorth to the west, Coventry to the east, may be considered out-lying districts,
connected more or less with this field, which is in direct communication with Liverpool
and Manchester. The field is near the centre of England; and it is worthy of
remark, that the outbreak of the great epidemic may be set down so late as July
for Wolverhampton, August for the other central districts. The districts immediately
surrounding those infected escaped unscathed : thus the mortality in 10000 was only
5 in Penkridge, 2 in Lichfield, 2 in Tamworth, 2 in Burton-on-Trent, 1 in Cheadle,
1 in Leek, 4 in Stone, 1 in Stafford. In Uttoxeter, with 14932 inhabitants, no
death from cholera, and only 1 from diarrhoea occurred. Warwickshire, with the ex-
ception of Coventry and Foleshill in its vicinity, suffered as little as the exempted
districts of Staffordshire ; the mortality from diarrhoea in Birmingham and Aston
was however considerable. In Atherstone and Solihull there was no death from
cholera; in Meriden 1, Nuneaton 2, Rugby 1, Stratford-on-Avon 2, Alcester 1, Shipton-
on-Stour 1, Southam 1. Rutlandshire and Leicestershire enjoyed an extraordinary
immunity : in Melton Mowbray there was no death from cholera, only 8 from diarrhoea;
in Leicester 2 from cholera, 75 from diarrhoea. Six of the districts of Lincolnshire
scarcely suffered at all; the deaths ranged only from 1 to 3 in 10000. Gainsborough,
on the Trent, flowing into the Humber, was visited heavily; the deaths from cholera
were 246, diarrhoea 63 ; the mortality from cholera was 91 in 10000. Caistor lies south
of the Humber over against Hull, and the mortality was 1 1 ; in Glandford Brigg 9 in
10000. In Lincoln the mortality was only 2 from cholera, 12 from diarrhoea in 10000.
Nottinghamshire escaped with few deaths; the mortality from cholera was in East
Retford 10, Newark 10, Bingham 9, Basford 7, Radford 3, Nottingham 3 in 10000. In
Nottingham the mortality was 18, in Radford 17 in 10000 from diarrhoea. In the
district of Southwell, including part of Sherwood Forest, no death Irom cholera occurred
among the 25014 inhabitants. Derbyshire suffered still less than Nottinghamshire ;
the mortality in the district of Derby was 5 in 10000 from cholera, 11 from diarrhoea.
In the rest of the county the mortality was inconsiderable.

THE LIVERPOOL CHOLERA FIELD.]

The epidemic fixed itself firmly in Liverpool as early as March, and around this
centre infested several of the districts of Cheshire and Lancashire; the mortality
diminishing in the distance. Thus the mortality in iooco was 167 in Liverpool,
82 in West Derby, 40 in Prescot, 22 in Ormskirk, "5 in Wigan, 19 in Warrington,

d

xxxiv Liverpool Cholera Field.

4 only in Leigh, 13 in Bolton, 7 in Bury, 7 in Worsley. Here the epidemic assumes a
somewhat more severe form ; the mortality was at the rate of 40 in 10000 in Manchester,
28 in Salford, 30 in Chorlton. The mortality was 27 in 10000 in Lancaster : in the
remaining districts the mortality was inconsiderable. Crossing the Mersey, the mor-
tality in iocoo was 44 in Wirral, including Birkenhead ; 19 in Great Boughton,
including Chester, on the Dee; 36 in Runcorn, on the south bank of the Mersey ; 1 6
in Northwich, on the Weaver, flowing into the Mersey. In Stockport only 8, Maccles-
field 6, Congleton in 10000 died of cholera.

It will be right to give here a more particular account of the ravages of the epidemic
in the populations of Liverpool and Manchester.

Liverpool suffered two visitations of epidemic cholera ; the first was comparatively
slight, prevailing from the end of July to the close of 1848, and was fatal during
that year to 33 persons, of whom 12 were males and 21 females, mostly children
of labourers and artisans. In 1849 no fatal attack is recorded until January 9, when
a widow, aged 76, died at No. 1 Court, Upper Pownall-street, of cholera and consecutive
fever, 7 days’ duration. On January 15th, a sawyer’s wife, aged 44, died at 32,
Eldon-street ; the death of her husband followed, on January 21st, after an attack
of 19 hours’ duration. The next two cases occurred at 14, Hornby-street, on January
29th and 30th, of a sawyer’s wife, agpd 42, and an unmarried female aued 21.
Diarrhoea was fatal to 29 persons during January. In February 7 deaths took place
from cholera, occurring at intervals of a few days. Diarrhoea, which became more
prevalent towards the latter part of the month, destroyed 36 lives. In March the
deaths from cholera increased to 18, chiefly occurring in the courts of Arley, Oriel,
and Chisenhall-streets, and also in the workhouse in the Mount Pleasant sub-district.
The first death in the cholera hospital, Queen Anne-street, was on March 1st, when a
labourer’s wife, aged 30, died, after an attack lasting four days ; and another labourer’s
wife, aged 30, died in a van near the cholera hospital on March 25th. Diarrhoea
remained nearly stationary during this and the two following months. In Apiil there
were 19 deaths from cholera, 5 of them occurring in the cholera hospital, Queen
Anne-street, and 3 in the workhouse. In May the mortality from cholera increased to
96, and the epidemic had now completely established itself, increasing daily in each of
the sub-districts. In June 424 fatal attacks are recorded, and the daily number varied
from 5 on June 6th, to 25 on June 29th. In July 1085 were added to the deaths pre-
viously recorded. On one day, July 18th, the number of fatal cases was 59, the
average during the month being 35 daily. In August the epidemic greatly increased,
and the daily mortality reached 84 on August 13th, this being its maximum. Its
decline now became perceptible, although it was not regularly progressive. Thus the
deaths declined to 31 on August 30th, and afterwards increased for a few days, until,
on September 5, no fewer than 66 deaths took place. From this point its decline
became more steady, the deaths, which amounted to 1575 in August, were reduced
to 874 in September, and further declined to 62 in October, 58 of which took place
prior to October 12, when the epidemic, which had been so fearfully prevalent among
the labouring, maritime, and trading classes, might be regarded as at an end, 2 deaths
only taking place in November and 6 in December. Cholera hospitals were established
in Vauxhall-road, in the Dale-street sub-district, in Ansdell-street, in the St. Thomas sub-
district, and in Queen Anne-street in Islington sub-district. Many deaths took place in
these hospitals, and also in the workhouse in the Mount Pleasant sub-district. A book-
binder, his wife, and son died at 3 Dukinfield-street, on August 15th, a female relative,
aged 2, having previously died in the same house on August 13th. Many instances
occurred of more than one member of the same family dying. During the year 1649
cholera was fatal to 4173 persons (1895 males, 2278 females), being at the rate of 167
deaths to every 10000 persons estimated as living in 1849. The deaths from diarrhoea
amounted 10 981 (459 males, 522 females), or 39 deaths to every IOOOO persons living.*

* A Report on the Health of the Town of Liverpool during the years 1847-50, by the Health Officer,
W. H. Duncan, M.D., has appeared since this paragraph was written: it contains an interesting account
of the epidemic.

Manchester.

xxxv

In West Derby (surrounding Liverpool) no case of epidemic cholera appeared prior to
March 29th, when an anchorsmith’s son, aged 5, died at 3, Abstinence-street, after an
attack of 21 hours’ duration. The next 2 cases followed on April 7th, at Henderson-
street, where a mariner’s wife aged 24, and a spinster aged 26, died after attacks lasting
17 hours and 15 hours; both are said to have been in a state of collapse when first
seen by the medical attendant, as was a cordwainer’s wife aged 30, who next died, on
Aprilnth,at 14 cellar, Henderson-street, after an attack of 28 hours’ duration. Eightother
deaths occurred at intervals up to the end of May. Early in June the epidemic began
to spread, and the daily deaths amounted to 1 1 on June 21st, and the mortality during
the month was 92. No considerable increase in the number of deaths took place until
the middle of July, when they became more frequent, and amounted to 245 during the
month; they increased to 409 during August. In the early part of September cholera
continued to increase, and attained its maximum severity on September 5th, when it
was fatal to 27 persons. It declined slowly during the following 10 days, anil after-
wards more rapidly, until, on October 9th, only 1 death occurred ; another followed on
October 2 2nd, and on October 29th the last fatal base of cholera is recorded in the
death of a mariner, aged 49, in the cholera hospital. In another part of the Report a
table will be found showing the deaths in Liverpool and West Derby combined, on
each day of the four months during which the epidemic was most prevalent.

During the year 1849, 1135 persons (488 males, 647 females) died from cholera,
which was at the rate of 82 deaths to every 10000 of the population. Diarrhoea was
fatal to 279 persons (141 males, 138 females), being 20 to every 10000 persons living.
In the sub-district of Toxteth Park, which comprises less than half the population of
the whole district, 91 2 deaths (383 males, 529 females) from cholera and diarrhoea
were registered. The cholera hospital was in this sub-district.

Manchester , Chorlton, and Salford form a group of districts lving contiguous ; and
a table is given elsewhere, showing the deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in the three
districts combined, on each day of the four months during which the epidemic was
most fatal : it will be seen that the mortality was very high throughout September,
and the first few days of October : on several occasions the deaths exceeded 40 daily;
and on September 14th, 45 fatal cases occurred.

It is worthy of note that in the whole of England the deaths from cholera were
nearly three times as numerous as those from diarrhoea; while in this group of
districts the mortality from these diseases was nearly equal, viz., from cholera 1395 ;
diarrhoea, 1331; and while cholera destroyed 594 males, and 801 females, diarrhoea
was fatal to 701 males, and 630 females.

In Manchester* no fatal case of epidemic cholera occurred until June nth, 1849,
when a packer, aged 20, died of an attack of diarrhoea 20 hours, and cholera 21
hours, at Bird-in-hand, Redfern-street ; the next four cases took place on June 25th,
26th, 28th, 29th ; of which three were at the workhouse, Canal-street, and one at
No. 7, Nield-street ; the attacks being of short duration. Not more than 6 deaths
happened during the first three weeks of July ; after this an increase was observed,
and the deaths during the month amounted to 23; diarrhoea became very pre-
valent, and was fatal to 149 persons. No further increase in the mortality occurred
in the early part, of August; towards the end of the month, however, the epidemic
began to spread. The deaths amounted to 93 during August, and diarrhoea was also
very fatal, causing 208 deaths. The deaths from cholera were further augmented by
622 during September, when they averaged 20 daily, and on September 11 amounted
to 34. The mortality continued very high until after October 4th, and no fewer than
27 fatal cases happened on October 2nd; after this its decline became more marked,
and the deaths throughout October did not exceed 147 : to this number only seven
were added during November, the last being on November 23rd, when a cordwainer’s
daughter, aged 7, died at 3 Back Hatters’-lane, after an attack of 16 hours’ duration :
no other fatal case is recorded afterwards during the year.

* For a valuable and elaborate account of the progress of cholera, see “History of Cholera in Man-
chester,” by J. Leigh, Esq., M.R.C.S., one of the Registrars, and Ner Gardiner, Esq., Superintendent-
Registrar of Manchester.

d 2

XXXVI

Hull Cholera Field.

Cholera destroyed 878 lives (374 males ; 504 females) in 1849, being at the rate of
about 40 deaths to every 10000 persons living. Diarrhoea was fatal to 765 persons
(404 males; 361 females), or 35 deaths to every 10000 persons living. Cholera did
not visit Manchester until full three months after it had prevailed in Liverpool; it
was also much less fatal. For while in Liverpool there was one death to every 60
persons living ; in Manchester there were 252 persons living to every fatal case of cholera.

In Salford, as in Manchester and Chorlton, the cholera epidemic did not appear until
June, 1849. At 5 Paradise-row, on June 24, a colour-mixer, aged 57, died of
cholera live days’ duration, and typhus gravior two days; on June 27, a porter’s
daughter, aged 5, died at Cleminson-street, of cholera after an attack of 12 hours’
duration. In July seven fatal attacks occurred at intervals, and the deaths from
diarrhoea, which were 6 in June, increased to 2 6 in July. After August 1 2 th , both
cholera and diarrhoea became more prevalent, and the deaths during the month were
respectively 50 and 91. Throughout September cholera continued at its height: the
number of deaths on September 1st was 6; on September 13th they increased to
9, which was the highest number in any one day ; on the last three days of the
month the deaths were 7, 6, and 8 respectively : the mortality during the month
was, cholera 148 deaths ; diarrhoea 62. After the first week in October the epi-
demic subsided more rapidly, and the last death took place on October 19th, at Back
Oak-street, when a shoemaker’s wife, aged 33, died of cholera of 3 days’ duration,
effusion on brain 1 day. The deaths during October were of cholera 30 ; diarrhoea
31. In November diarrhoea was fatal to 9 persons, and in December to 6. The fatal
attacks of cholera in most cases were of short duration, and in a great number of
instances ranged from 6 to 12 hours. During 1849 cholera destroyed 237 lives (98
males; 1 39 females) ; and diarrhoea was fatal to 261 persons (141 males; 120 females).

In Chorlton, cholera was very prevalent in July, 1848, among young children in the
ITulme sub-district, though it was apparently only the ordinary summer cholera ; but
on December 1st, a female servant, aged 24, died at 2 Knibbs-place, Victoria Park,
of cholera, attended with purging, vomiting, cramps, and collapse, 24 hours’ duration.

In 1849 no fatal case of cholera is recorded until June 1st, when a female, aged 27,
died at 57 Park-street, of cholera and apoplexy, 36 hours’ duration ; on June 4, a
female factory-hand, aged 28, died at Timothy-street, Eccles, after an attack lasting
12 hours. 2 other deaths occurred during June; and towards th elatter part of July
the epidemic began to spread, and was fatal to 1 5 persons during the month ; diar-
rhoea was still more prevalent, and caused 57 deaths in July. In August cholera
caused 67 deaths, and diarrhoea 70. During September the epidemic was at its
height: the greatest number of persons dying of cholera in one day was 13 on Sep-
tember 1 8th, and during the month it was fatal to 163 persons. After the first week
in October a perceptible decrease took place, and no death occurred after October 25th,
excepting that of a weaver, aged 65, at the Union workhouse, Hulme, on December
25th, of debility consequent on cholera. Many instances are recorded of more than
one death happening in the same family ; and at No. 3, Islington-place, 4 .adult persons
died. At the Union workhouse numerous deaths, both from cholera and diarrhoea,
took place. The deaths from diarrhoea exceeded those from cholera, viz., cholera 280
(122 males; 158 females); diarrhoea 305 (156 males; 149 females).

THE HULL CHOLERA FIELD.

In Yorkshire cholera destroyed 6346 lives, and 1955 deaths were ascribed to diarrhoea.
This great county extends over the basin of the Ouse, which constitutes, by its junction
with the Trent, the Humber, on the north side of which lies the port of Hull, the gate
of the commerce of Leeds and the woollen districts. The mortality in the district of
Hull was 241 ; Sculcoates, round Hull, 152 ; Beverley, north of Sculcoates, 1 1 in 10000.
In the four coast districts, Patrington, Skirlaugh, Driffield, and Bridlington comprising
Holdcrness, and lying higher than Hull, the mortality was only 5,4, 1, and 6 in 10000.
Up the Ouse, Howden lost 41, Selby 73, York 36; Pocklington, west of York, 24 in
1 0000. Hull is intimately connected with the district of Leeds by the railway passing
through Selby, by the roads and the River Ouse. The mortality in the district of Leeds

Hull and Sculcoates.

xxxv u

was 145, and only inferior to that of Hull and Sculcoates. In Hunslet, adjoining
Leeds, the mortality was also great, 102. Dewsbury, Wakefield, Pontefract, and Eccles-
field, south of Leeds, suffered less. In Goole the mortality was 59, Thorne 46,
Doncaster 24, Rotherham 10, Sheffield 13, Ecclesall-Bierlow n, Wortley 2 in 10000.
These districts are south of the Ouse, and are chiefly on the Don. The districts on the
Nidd, the Ure, the Swale, and the Derwent, the other tributaries of the Ouse and
Humber, exhibit few or no deaths. The mortality in Huddersfield was 5,* Todmorden 4,
Saddleworth and Pateley Bridge 3, Halifax, Keighley, Otley, Ripon, Skipton, 2 in 10000.
Cholera produced no deaths in Sedbergh or Settle on the high grounds. In the North
Riding the mortality was, 6 in Thirsk, 5 in Whitby, 4 in Scarborough, 3, 2, or 1 in
eight districts; none in Helmsley, Leyburn or Reeth. In October, as the great epidemic
was declining, a sudden outbreak occurred in the district of Knaresborough, where the
mortality was 19 in 10000.

The ravages of the epidemic in Hull, Sculcoates, Leeds, and Hunslet must be more
particularly described.

Hull , in proportion to its population, suffered more from cholera than any district
in the kingdom. The epidemic appeared here in the autumn of 1848, and was
fatal to 4 persons in September, to 13 in October, and to one in each of the follow-
ing two months. A fatal case was recorded in a mariner, aged 36, at Anne-street,
Myton, on March 9th, 1849, after an attack of 4 days’ duration. A month inter-
vened before any other case took place. On April 9th a labourer’s widow, aged 62,
died at 2, Joseph’s-place, Anne-street, after an attack lasting 2 days. Four weeks
elapsed before any other death occurred, when a fisherman’s son, aged 6, was attacked
on May 7th, at 19 Mill-street, and died after an illness of 12 hours. In June 2 deaths
took place. In July cholera broke out in Little Passage-street, and was fatal to 3
females on July 7th, 8th, 9th, after attacks of short duration. In the course of the
month 36 fatal attacks are recorded. No material spread of the epidemic was observed
until August 1 3, from which date it began to increase, and the mortality during the
month amounted to 254. In the first two weeks of September cholera was at its height,
destroying 69 lives on September 6th ; it was fatal during the month to 843 persons.
After the first week in October but few deaths occurred, and only 40 fatal cases happened
throughout the month, the last being on October 30th, when a farmer’s wife, aged 70,
died at 22, Sewer-lane. In many instances two or more deaths took place in the same
family ; and during the latest prevalence of the epidemic it was fatal to a lath-render’s
wife, daughter and son, on October 6th, at Spring-street, Myton, after attacks of 24
hours, 12 hours, and 5 hours respectively.

Among the places severely visited by cholera were Middle-street, Mill-street, Ade-
laide-street, Vagrant Office Humber-bank, English-street, High-street, Myton-gate,
Humber-street, the neighbourhoods of Blackfriar-gate and Whitefriar-gate, Cleveland-
street Groves, Chaffers-allev. Cholera was fatal, in 1849, to 1178 persons (571 males ;
607 females), being at ihe rate of 24 r deaths to every 10000 persons living. Diarrhoea
destroyed 194 lives (91 males ; 103 females), being 40 deaths to every 10000 inhabitants.

In Sculcoates , adjoiningHull, a female servant, aged 39, is stated to have died of cholera,
on February 1st, 1849, at Popple-street, Drypool, after an attack lasting 12 days. On
April 19th, a sailmaker, of intemperate habits, died of cholera and diarrhoea at Bethel-
place, Caroline-street, Hull. No other death is recorded until July 23rd and 24th,
when, in addition to a mariner, aged 33, at Kingston-place, it was fatal to a factory
overlooker, aged 41, his wife, aged 39, and his daughter, aged 13, at 6 Cottonmill-
street : by the end of the month 9 deaths occurred. In August 1 5 1 fatal cases took
place, and the epidemic was at its height on September 6th (same day as in Hull),
when it destroyed 28 lives. During the following week the mortality continued high :
on two occasions the deaths amounted to 27 daily. Its decline became more percepti-
ble towards the end of the month, in the course of which 464 fatal cases took place. In
the first five days of October the deaths were uniformly 4 daily. The last death

* The Report of Dr. John Taylor, on the Epidemic Cholera in Huddersfield, is a model which the
local inquirer should consult.

xxxviii Leeds, Hunslet , Tynemouth.

occurred on October 19, at New Village, (Nottingham, in a carpenter, aged 28, after an
attack of 18 hours’ duration.

A table is given in another part of this Report, in which the progress of cholera and
diarrhoea, in Hull and Sculcoates combined, is shown on each day of the four months
during which the epidemic prevailed. In Sculcoates 656 persons (297 males; 359
females) died of cholera, being at the rate of 152 deaths to every 10000 of the popu-
lation. Diarrhoea was fatal to 144 persons (74 males ; 70 females), being 33 deaths to
every 10000 persons living.

In Leeds , and also in the adjoining district of Hunslet, epidemic cholera first
appeared about the middle of June, was at its height during the first two weeks in
September, and finally disappeared in the last week of November. From the contiguity
of the two districts, and from the simultaneous appearance and departure of the
epidemic, they may he spoken of in conjunction ; and a table is given elsewhere exhibiting
the progress of cholera and diarrhoea each day during the months when it was most fatal.

The first two fatal cases of cholera took place in Leeds on June 14th, in a cap-manu-
facturer, aged 39, at 16 Market-street, after an attack of 12 hours’ duration ; and in
a stuff- weaver’s son, aged 9, at 32 Brass-street, cholera 6 days, and typhus 3 days. His
brother, aged 7, next died, on June 15, of cholera 5 days, typhus 2 days. Two other
deaths in Leeds and 3 in Hunslet took place during the month. In July only 4 deaths
occurred at intervals up to the 17th ; the mortality then began to increase, and the
fatal cases amounted to 23 during the month. On August 10th a stdl further spread of
the epidemic commenced. On August 30th as many as 32 deaths happened, and in
the course of the month it wras fatal to 426 persons.

The mortality was at its height during the first two weeks of September, and on two
occasions the daily deaths reached 89, viz., on September 7th and 9th; it then declined
slowly for a few days, but afterwards more rapidly, and after destroying 1543 lives
during September, the number fell to 309 in October : the epidemic entirely ceased in
November, during which month it was not fatal to more than 14 persons. The last death
in Leeds was that of a hairdresser, aged 36, at Swinegate, on November 27, alter an attack
of 2 days’ duration. In Hunslet the last 2 deaths took place on November 29th, when
cholera was fatal to a butcher’s daughter, aged 15, at Stocks-hill, after an attack of 16
hours, and to a joiner, aged 42, at Stanningley-road, Wortley.

The following places in Leeds may be mentioned as having suffered much from
cholera: — Grantham-street (No. I in this street was used as an hospital for cholera
patients), Cavalier-street, Accommodation-road, Marsh-lane, Richmond-street and
road, Wellington-yard, York-street, Acorn-street, Byron-street, High-street, Bateson-
street, where 3 persons died on August 28th, at No. 7, and Stainburn-square. In
Hunslet the epidemic severely visited Upper and Lower Wortley, Seacroft, Halton,
Rothwell, Mint Holbeck ; Moor-street, Sdver-street, where 3 female children died at
No. 1 3, in the first week of September ; Water-street, Thwaite-gate, Carr-place, Low-
road, and Pitfield-street. The number of deaths in Leeds was : — Cholera, 1439 (649
males; 790 females) ; diarrhoea, 267 (124 males ; 143 females). In Hunslet ; cholera,
884(433 males; 451 females); diarrhoea, 120 (38 males; 62 females). To every
1 OOOO persons living in Leeds there were from cholera 145 deaths ; and from diarrhoea
27 deaths. In Hunslet the proportion was — from cholera 102 deaths, and from diarrhoea
14 deaths, to every 10000 of the population.

THE TYNEMOUTH CHOLERA FIELD.

On both sides of the Tyne, and up the Tees, the epidemic entered Durham and
Northumberland, devastating the ports and the coal districts. Ascending the north
banks of the Tyne, the mortality was 129 in Tynemouth (including North Shields) ;
41 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne; 12 in Castle Ward, the surrounding district. On the
south side of the Tyne the mortality in South Shields was 69 ; in Gateshead, against
Newcastle, 66 in iocoo. Higher up the Tvne, and round the soum-s of its chief tribu-
taries, the mortality was in Hexham 5 ; in Haltwhistle 3 ; in Bellingham none. Morpeth,
Alnwick, and Berwick on the coast suffered to some extent ; in Belford the mortality
was only 5 ; Glendale 8 in 10000 : there was no death either from cholera or diarrhoea

Mortality of Males and Females. xxxix

in Rothbury, extending to the forests and moors around the sources of the Coquet.
Teesdale presents one of those sharp contrasts which we have so often seen. In
Barnard Castle, with a population of 8591, the epidemic killed a carpet-weaver, aged
23, on August 17th; 137 more persons before November 7th. Two or three members
of the same family were in many instances seized and destroyed. The 4954 inhabitants
of Staindrop, and the 6028 dwellers in Middleton entirely escaped, although the three
sub-districts are in the same district.

It is necessary to give a more particular account of the course of the epidemic in
Tynemouth and Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Tynemouth suffered in 1848 from epidemic cholera, which commenced on October
10th, and destroyed 28 lives by the close of the year, in addition to a few from summer
cholera, which took place at intervals during an earlier period. In January, 1849,
cholera subsided after causing 5 deaths. Three deaths took place in Pumpwell-lane,
on March 22nd, 25th, and 27th. In April, 2 deaths occurred. No other case is
recorded until July 1st, when the epidemic again appeared, and was fatal to a mariner’s
wife, aged 53, at Dawson’s Quay, after an attack lasting 13 hours. During July 11
deaths occurred. In August the epidemic greatly increased ; the deaths during the
month amounted to 167, and further increased to 429 during September. Ttie daily
mortality reached 26 on September 12th and 15th; but on September 19th, 20th, and
2 1 st the number of deaths averaged only 6 daily; but afterwards increased to 22 on
October 2nd; when the subsidence of the epidemic became more steady, and the
deaths during the month fell to 180; during November only 18 deaths took place,
cholera ceasing to be fatal after November 26th. Cholera was fatal during the year 1849
to 81 5 persons (384 males ; 43 1 females), being at the rate of 1 29 deaths to every 10000
persons living. Diarrhoea was fatal to 89 persons (46 males ; 43 females), being at
the rate of 14 deaths to every 10000 persons living. A table is given in another part
of the Report, showing the progress of the epidemic during each day of its prevalence
in Tynemouth, and the adjoining districts of South Shields, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and
Sunderland.

In Newcastle-upon-Tyne cholera was prevalent in the latter part of 1848 ; 7 fatal
cases occurred subsequent to October 16th. During the first 9 days of January, 1849,
there were 12 deaths; in the succeeding n days only 3 fatal attacks are recorded; a
sudden increase then took place, and from January 21st to 31st, the number of deaths
was 26. During February 22 deaths occurred; 30 in March, and n in April. In
May the only death was that of a weaver’s wife, aged 46, at Gardner’s-building, on
May 1 5th, after an attack of 14 hours’ duration. The epidemic, for a time, discontinued
its ravages, and during the whole of June no fatal case is recorded ; on July 4th, how-
ever, a joiner’s daughter, aged 6, died, at Dent’s-hole, after an attack lasting 3 days ;
this was followed on July 30th, by the death of a miller’s son, aged 18 months, of
measles 6 days, and cholera 3 days’ duration. During August 28 deaths occurred, and
in September the epidemic was at its height, and the deaths during the month
amounted to 127, the greatest number occurring on September 5th, when 14 persons
died. In October the deaths fell to 30; and in November to 3, the last being on
November 16th, at Stepney-square. During the year 1849 cholera was fatal to 295
persons (147 males ; 148 females), the mortality was at the rate of 41 deaths to every
10000 persons living. Diarrhoea was fatal to 1 17 persons (61 males ; 56 females), being
at the rate of 16 deaths to every 10000 persons living.

INFLUENCE OF SEX ON THE MORTALITY FROM CHOLERA.

The deaths from cholera among males were 26,108, females 27,185 ; it consequently
destroyed 1077 more females than males. The proportions were reversed in diarrhoea,
which was fatal to 9637 males, and to 9250 females. The population of England and
Wales returned at the Census without revision was on March 31, 1851, males 8,762,588 ;
females 9,160,180. And correcting for increase of population, the mortality from
cholera at all ages in 1 849 was —

Males 30^2 to 10000 living, or 1 in 331.

Females 30'0 to 10000 living, or 1 in 333.

xl Mortality of Males and Females.

The mortality is thus a shade less among females than it is among males; but the
difference is much less than it is from all other fatal diseases in ordinary years ; when the
total deaths among males is invariably greater than the deaths among females. Thus in
the year 1848 the deaths of males from all causes amounted to 202,949, °f females to
196,851. And in the seven years 1838-44 the annual rate of mortality among males
was 2'2"]0, females 2'ic>4 per cent.

In the Middlesex districts of London 3388 males, and 3612 females, died of cholera;
in the Surrey districts the discrepancy was much greater, for 2814 males and 3509
females died of the disease. In many districts of the kingdom the mortality was much
more fatal to males than to females. In some districts the disease was most fatal to
females. Thus the deaths in Dartford (Kent) were males 68, females 49 ; and the deaths
of males exceeded the deaths of females in other districts on the river and coasts of that
county. In Portsea and Alverstoke 343 males and 351 females died of cholera; in
Yarmouth 53 males and 34 females; Norwich n males and 27 females; Salis-
bury 88 males, and 77 females; Plymouth, Plympton St. Mary, East Sionehouse,
and Stoke Damerel, 907 males and 966 females; Bedminster, Bristol, and Clifton, 695
males and 740 females. In Gloucester, as well as in Wheatenhurst, Stroud, and
Tewkesbury, the number of males that died exceeded the females in the proportion
of 1331096. The same or a greater discrepancy occurred at Madeley and Shrews-
bury, where 106 males and 71 females died. Upon the other hand, 94 males and 147
females died of cholera at Newcastle-under- Lyme. In Stoke-upon-Trent, Wolverhamp-
ton, West Bromwich, and Dudley, the deaths of males considerably exceeded the deaths of
females in number. In Boston, Lincolnshire, 25 males and 10 females died of cholera;
in Caistor 24 males and 5 females ; in Gainsborough no males and 136 females. In
Liverpool, Manchester, and the adjacent districts, the deaths of females exceeded the
deaths of males in number. 1895 males and 2278 females died from cholera in Liver-
pool. The mortality was at the rate of 154 to 10000 in males, and 180 to 10000 in
females; about one-fifth greater therefore in the female than in the male sex. In
Knaresborough 33 males and 20 females; Huddersfield 33 males and 19 females died of
cholera; in Leeds and Hunslet, on the other hand, 1082 males and 1241 females died of
the epidemic. In Wakefield 145 males, 96 females; Rotherham 20 males, 10 females;
Thorne 42 males and 28 females; Pocklington, Howden, and Beverley, near Hull, 76
males, 39 females; in Hull and Sculcoates 868 males, 966 females — the deaths of the
latter being 98 in excess. In Tynemouth and South Shields, Sunderland and Chester-
le-Street, the deaths of females were in excess ; in Newcastle-upon-Tyne nearly equal.
In Cockermouth and Whitehaven the deaths of males were 152, females 209. In the
Welsh districts — Abergavenny, Pontypool, Cardiff, and Merthyr Tydfil — the deaths of
males were in excess.

It is worthy of remark, that at the beginning of the epidemic the deaths of males
exceeded the deaths of females very considerably ; the numbers in the months of
October, November, and December, 1848, were, males 61 2, females 493 ; or in the pro-
portion of 100 to 80. In the prior nine months of that year before the great epidemic
had set in, the deaths of males in England ascribed to cholera were 445, of females
384; numbers in the proportion of 100 and 86.

As a genera! rule, when the mortality from cholera attained a very high rate, the number
of deaths among females exceeded the deaths among males.

In London a remarkable change was observed in the proportion of the sexes affected
in the course of the epidemic. In four weeks of October 1848 the deaths of 80 males
and of 42 females by cholera were registered ; in the thirteen last weeks of the year the
deaths of 258 males and 210 females were reuistered ; and there was an excess of males
at all ages, but particularly in the ten years of age 15-25. In the quarter ending
March 1849, the deaths of males amounted to 250, of females to 266 : at the age of 25
and upwards the excess of deaths among females was considerable. In June, at the com-
mencement of the t/real outbreak , the males again furnished the most numerous victims.
At the close, of July the females died in greater numbers than males, and continued to
do so to the end. In the week that the mortality was highest the deaths of 895 males
and of 1131 females were returned. In the September quarter the deaths of males

xli

Influence of Age.

under the age of 25 exceeded the deaths of females; hut after that age the proportions
were reversed. The annexed table, as well as a similar table at page clxxiv, is well
worthy of careful study, (a).

MORTALITY AT DIFFERENT AGES.

Cholera was fatal to persons of all ages: it carried off 38 66 boys under 5 years of
age; 3837 men of 25 and under 35; and 2 old men of the age of 95 and upwards.
Dividing the lifetime into 3 stages, the disease carried off 7673 boys and 7045 girls
under 15 years of age; 14861 men and 15767 women of 15 and under 60 years of
age; 3546 men and 4355 women of the age of 60 and upwards. The deaths were
thus most numerous in the middle and most active period of life. The proportions
of deaths at the several ages are different in diarrhoea ; the deaths of children and of
old people being much more numerous than the deaths of persons in the middle
period of life. Thus the deaths of 6794 hoys and 6058 girls under 15, of 1235 men
and 1398 women of the ages 15-60, of 1607 men and 1791 women of the age of
60 and upwards, were referred to diarrhoea. It appears to be exceedingly probable
that the cases of diarrhoea in 1849, barring a certain deduction, are cases of cholera,
with the striking but not essential symptoms suppressed. And it is worthy of observ-
ation that this suppression of morbid action occurs at the ages when the organization
is most feeble, either because the system is not fully developed, or because it is
worn out. Treating the mortality from diarrhoea as complementary to the mortality
from cholera, the annexed table shows that under 5 years of age boys died in the
proportion of 88, and girls in the proportion of 78, to 10000 living; the rate of mor-
tality then rapidly declines to the ages of 10-15 and 15-25; in the next decennial
period 25-35, mortality is of 31 males and 32 females to icooo living of each sex.
At the period 35-45, the mortality to the same numbers living is 41 males and
44 females. Thus at the child-bearing age the mortality is rather greater among
women than among men. From the age of 45 through the subsequent decennial
periods of life, the mortality to 1000c men living increases in the ratios 54, 70, 92,
1 14, 135, which is the maximum at the ages 85-95. The mortality of females increases
jn somewhat different ratios. (See Table page xlii.)

(a) London.

1849.

Deaths by

MALES.

FEMALES.

Cholera
Registered in

Males.

Females

0

15

60

Age

0

15

CO

Age

the Week

to

to

and

not

to

to

and

not

ending

15.

60.

upwds.

Stated.

15.

60.

upwds.

Stated.

J une 2

6

3

_

5

I

_

I

_

2

_

,, 9 -

15

7

5

8

2

-

2

5

-

-

„ 16

29

13

2

25

2

-

4

8

I

-

,> 23

22

27

6

13

3

-

5

19

3

-

30 -

76

48

18

56

2

-

8

32

8

-

July 7

94

58

28

54

10

2

21

34

3

-

„ *4 -

189

150

5i

12 I

17

-

51

7i

28

-

21 -

355

323

115

193

47

“

108

170

45

8 Weeks

786

629

225

475

84

2

200

339

90

-

July 28

382

401

119

213

5°

-

98

243

60

-

Aug. 4

452

474

i59

252

41

-

12 1

2 70

83

-

„ 11

413

410

i34

229

49

I

106

234

70

-

„ 18

597

633

172

348

74

3

145

37i

117

-

», 25 -

590

682

l6l

348

81

-

148

403

131

-

Sept. 1

770

893

236

438

96

-

189

536

168

-

„ 8 -

895

1131

283

5°5

IO7

-

247

663

220

I

7 Weeks

4099

4624

1264

2333

498

4

1054

2720

849

I

xlii

Influence of Age.

The table is obtained by dividing the deaths from cholera and diarrhoea respectively
by the numbers living at the corresponding ages in 1841; and further dividing the
whole of the results by 1-11169,* as a correction for the probable increase of population
in the 8 years 1841-9. This is an approximation to the exact result.

It may be fairly inferred from the table that men of the age of 25-35 are in a cholera
epidemic twice as likely to die as men 10 years younger (15 -25) ; and that from this
period the danger increases with age. The table does not express the liability to an
attack of cholera ; nor the attack having supervened, does it express the chances of re-
covering or of dying. The attacks of disease are not registered ; consequently, there
are no means of throwing light on this question, which falls particularly within the
scope of medical inquiry.

If persons are equally liable to attack at all ages, or if the same proportions of the
living are attacked, the table show's the relative mortality of those attacked at different
ages. If more than an equal proportion of the living are attacked in the early, and less
than the due proportion are attacked at the later ages, the mortality of the table does
not represent the moitality of attacks ; but overstates the mortality of attacks at the
earlier ages.

The mortality from all causes at the same ages, in the 7 years 1838-44, is inserted in
the table (b). Upon comparing this mortality with the mortality from cholera, it will be
seen that the epidemic did not prove fatal to life at different ages in the same degree as
other diseases. If we divide the numbers in column 3 by the numbers in column 4,
the ratio of the two rates of mortality is obtained : it varies at different ages. Thus under
5 years of age in males the mortality from cholera is equal to 12 per cent, of the mortality
from all ordinary causes ; and the greatest relative effect is attained at the age of
35-45, when the mortality from cholera is equal to 33 percent, of the mortality from all
ordinary causes. At the advanced ages, when the absolute mortality from cholera is
highest, its relative effect is least; for the mortality from other diseases increases much
faster than the mortality from that malady. This is shown in the columns 9, 10.

* The derivation of the value r in 1* = 1 • 11 169 is given iu the Ninth Annual Report of the Registrar
General, 8vo, p. 168.

(6) Annual Rate of Mortality, at 12 different Ages, from Cholera and Diarrhoea in England, in the
Year 1849, compared with the Mortality from all Causes in the Years 1838-44.

Katio of

Deaths to 100 Males living, at each Age,

Deaths to 100 Females living, at each Age,

Deaths from Cholera
to 100 Deaths from

AGE.

all Causes, at each Age.

Cholera

Cholera

All Causes

Cholera

Diarrhoea

ami

All Causes

Cholera

Diarrluea

and

Males.

Females.

( 1 649).

(IS49).

Diarrhoea

(183S-44).

(1849).

(1849).

Diarrhoea

(1838-44).

(1849).

(1849).

O

•332

•549

•881

7-072

j -295

■480

•775

6-037

22-458

12-838

5 —

•232

•028

• 260

•926

•223

•028

•251

•900

28-078

27-889

10 —

•138

•oir

•149

•504

•128

•012

‘ 140

•548

29-563

25-547

15 —

•154

•on

•165

•805

•142

•012

•254

•833

20-497

18-487

25 —

•293

•018

•311

•968

•303

•021

•324

I *009

32-128

32* III

35 —

•383

•027

•410

I * 249

•405

•032

•437

I*242

32-826

35-285

45 —

•495

•048

*543

2-776

•467

•046

•513

2-548

30-574

33 • 140

55 —

•587

•21 4

•701

3-24I

•604

• 106

•710

2-782

22-318

25-521

65 —

• 644

•272

•916

6-613

•678

•268

•946

5-885

23-852

16-075

75 —

*597

•540

2-237

24-394

•717

•521

1-238

13 • 201

7-899

9-378

85-

•498

•847

I ‘345

29-646

•487

•623

1*110

27-553

4-537

4-029

95 and )
upwards/

•311

•777

i* 088

42-697

•330-

•742

I'O-Jl

40-795

2-548

2-628

All Ages

•302

• III

•413

2 *270

# 300

•102

•402

2*104

18-194

19-106

No.of Col

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

Time in which Life is Extinguished.

xliii

DURATION OF CASES OF CHOLERA.

All diseases have natural stages in which they develop their phenomena, and either
obstruct and destroy life, or give way before its regular healthy processes. The sick
may therefore be classed together, and traced, like the living in a life table, through
all the stages of the malady, until it is extinct, either by the death or recovery of the
patient. Upon this basis a form of sickness table has been constructed, which shows
the probability of death or recovery at every period of disease. The half of such a
table for cholera has been framed from the returns of death, which in 39468 instances
state the duration of the cases in hours and days. If we assume that 100000 per-
sons are attacked by cholera, that 60532 recover, and that 39468 die at the several
periods of the disease indicated in the table, some of the properties of the complete
tables become immediately apparent. Thus the probability that a person attacked will

die in less than 24 hours is expressed by the fraction — = ’20684; the chances

T 100000

are, therefore, nearly 4 to 1 that he will not die in 24 hours. The chance that he will

die in 3 days is expressed by — = ’31186; and the chance that he will

1 00000

not die before but after 3 days is *08282. The chance that, having survived the

dangers of the first 3 days, he will yet die of cholera, are 4— It

J 100000 — 31186 68814

is 60532 to 8282, or more than 7 to I, that the patient will recover if he does not die
in 3 days after the first attack.

The table (c) p. xliv. supplies a ready means of calculating the future duration of
fatal cases of cholera at any stage of the disease. Thus it is found that the mean dura-
tion of the fatal disease in females is 2’i02 days, in males 2' 060 days; or 50*44
hours in females, and 49*44 hours in males. The woman attacked lives on an average
an hour longer than the man. The duration of life, alter well-marked symptoms of a
fatal attack of cholera have set in, appears to diminish as age advances. Dividing the
cases into three groups, the following results are obtained : — •

Duration of Fatal Cases of Cholera at various Ages.

Mean Duration

Persons of the age of 15-35 •

Persons of the age of 35-55 . . .

Persons of the age of 55 and upwards

Days. Hours.
2*121 = 50*904
1*954 = 46*896
1 ‘ 97 3 = 47*352

The stated duration differs more than 4 hours, and is in excess in the first 20 years
of adult age.

Fatal diarrhoea is a disease of much longer duration; and it agrees with cholera in
being of somewhat longer duration in females than in males ; in both sexes, at the age
15-35# than at a8es further advanced.

Duration of Fatal Cases of Diarrhcea at various Ages.

Days.

Males, all ages 16*044

Females, all ages 16*692

Males and Females, age 15-35 18*668

Males and Females, age 35 and upwards . . 17*544

The fatal cases of cholera were preceded frequently, if not invariably, by a stage of
diarrhoea, which attracted little or no attention. That stage is, it is believed, not.
included in the cholera duration, which was reckoned, by the medical attendants who
made the returns, from the manifestation of the first characteristic symptoms of the
epidemic.

xliv

Cholera in 1832 and Cholera in 1849.

(c) Duration of Fatal Cases of Choj.eka in 1849.

Time from

Males

Females

Persons

mencement

of

Cholera.

Dving

Dyinjr

Dying:

Surviving.

in the period
following.

Surviving.

in the period
following.

Surviving.

in the period
following.

Hours.

O

19232

315

20236

214

39468

529

6

18917

3030

20022

2677

38939

5707

12

15887

4965

17345

5 3 3 1

33232

10296

18

IO922

1877

12014

2275

22936

4152

24

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

Days.

O

19232

10187

20236

10497

39468

20684

J

9045

3327

9739

3928

18784

7255

2

5718

1629

5811

1618

11529

3247

3

4089

1256

4193

1226

8282

2482

4

2833

822

2967

812

5800

1634

5

201 1

564

2155

532

4166

1096

6

1447

351

1623

334

3070

685

7

1096

449

1289

490

2385

939

8

647

136

799

186

1446

322

9

511

103

613

104

II24

207

IO

408

67

509

80

917

147

II

34i

57

429

68

770

125

12

284

47

361

54

645

IOI

13

237

37

307

43

544

80

14

200

26

264

36 1

464

62

15

174

24

228

32 |

402

56

l6

150

22

196

29

346

51

17

128

20

167

26

295

46

18

108

18

1 41

23

249

41

19

90

l6

u8

21

208

37

20

74

12

97

29

171

31

21

62

12

78

15

140

27

22

5°

8

63

13

113

21

23

42

7

50

IO

92

17

24

35

6

40

8

75

14

25

29

5

32

5

6l

IO

26

24

4

27

3

51

7

27

20

2

24

I

44

3

28

l8

4

23

2

41

6

29

14

4

21

3

35

7

30

IO

3

18

4

28

7

31

7

2

14

4

21

6

32

5

2

IO

5

15

7

33

3

2

5

2

8

4

34

I

I

3

2

4

3

35

’*

* *

I

I

I

1

Mean duration of fatal attacks

Mean duration of fatal

Mean duration of fatal

of Cholera in males = 2 'o6o
days.

1

attacks of Cholera in 1
females = 2' 102 days.

attacks of Cholera in
males and females
= 2 • 08 1 days.

Note. — The table is read thus : — Of 19232 fatal cases of cholera in males, 315 terminated in 6 hours, leaving 18917 alive;
3030 died in the next 6 hours, leaving 15887 alive at the end of the 12th hour; 4965 died in 12 and less than 18 hours,
leaving 10922, or rather more than half the number of those who die, alive at the end of 18 hours. If a man is to die of
epidemic cholera, it is probable that he will die in the first day (24 hours), as out of 19232 males who die, 10187 die within,
and 9045 survive that period.

THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF 1831-2 AND THE EPIDEMIC OF 1848-9 COMPARED.

The Board of Health in 1831-2 collected much information respecting the epidemic
which it was their office to combat. A table was prepared showing the names of places

Places in which Cholera teas Fatal.

xlv

attacked, the date of the first case, the date of the last case, the number of days’ dura-
tion, the total deaths, the total recoveries, the proportion of deaths to cases, the popula-
tion, the proportion of population attacked, and the proportion of deaths in population ;
and all the places were numbered on one of Arrowsmith’s large maps. The table and
map are now in the library of Her Majesty the Queen. At the instance of Sir James
Clark copies have been made of these valuable documents, jand are deposited in the
General Register Office. According to the returns the deaths from cholera in
“London and its vicinity,” between February 14th and December 1 8 th , 1832, were
5275; the deaths in “the country” were 26101; the total deaths in Great Britain,
31376. The deaths in Ireland up to March 1st, 1833, were 21171 ; making the deaths
in the United Kingdom 52547. The deaths of the year 1832 in England and Wales
amounted to less than half the number which were registered in 1849. But the returns
which the Board of Health in 1832 procured were voluntary, partial, and evidently
defective. The population of the places in Great Britain which made returns was
5223657 ; so it would appear that a majority of the places in the country altogether
escaped attack or notice.

Notwithstanding the defects of the returns of 1832, they furnish us with the means
of satisfactorily showing that the epidemic generally followed the same track in 1848-9
as it did in 1831-2, but that it was much more fatal in some places, and less fatal in
others at the two periods. Thus, in the following districts the mortality from cholera was
greater in the year 1849 than in the year 1832 ( d ). The places for 1832 are towns or
cities, and do not often include all the same parishes as the districts of 1849 ; but as
the populations at the two nearest censuses are given, the rates of mortality during the
two epidemics can be fairly compared.

In the following places the mortality was much less in 1849 than in 1832 ; and there
can be no doubt about this result ( e ).

0 d ) Districts in which the Mortality from Cholera was greater in the Year 1849 than in the Year 1832.

Place or District.

1832

1849

Population,

1831.

Deaths from
Cholera, 1832.

Population,

1831.

Deaths from
Cholera, 1849.

London ....

1424896

5275

2361640

14137

Portsmouth . .

46282

86

72676

568

Bristol and Clifton .

132331

694

143704

1154

Shrewsbury .

21277

75

23095

Il6

Wigan ....

20774

30

77545

563

Liverpool . . .

165175

1523

255055

4173

Leeds, &c. .

123393

702

189987

2323

Hull

28591

300

50552

1178

Merthyr Tydfil . -

22083

160

76813

1682

(e) Districts in which the Mortality from Cholera was less in 1849 than in 1832.

Place or District.

Population,

Deaths from

Population,

Deaths from

1831.

Cholera, 1832.

1851.

Cholera, 1849.

Exeter ....

28201

347

32810

44

Plymouth . .

3 ro8o

702

52223

830

Gloucester .

II933

123

32062

119

Kings Lynn . .

13370

49

20528

2

Norwich ....

61 1 10

J29

68196

33

Nottingham . . .

50680

296

5841 8

18

Sheffield ....

5 901 1

402

103602

114

Carlisle ....

20006

265

41566

5X

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

42760

801

89145

295

Sunderland .

17060

215

70561

363

xlvi Seasons — Meteorology — Diagrams .

The difference in the rates of mortality was not considerable in the next districts ( f ).
From Salisbury, Southampton, and some of the other districts in which the cholera
was most fatal in 1849, no return was procured in 1832.

(/)

Place or District.

Population,

1831.

Deaths from
Cholera, lb32.

Population,

1831.

Deaths from
Cholera, 1849.

1

Manchester and \
Salford . . /

182812

890

315951

South Shields

19756

147

35787

2or

INFLUENCE OF THE SEASONS IN 1831-2 AND 1818-9.

The two epidemics of cholera in England continued fifteen months; they began in
October, spread gradually, increased, and then as spring advanced partially subsided.
The first eruption in 1848-9 extended pver seven months; it attained its greatest
intensity on the fourth month. The mortality in this eruption was not considerable. If
the total deaths in the 15 months be represented by 1000, the deaths in the 7 months
from October, 1848, to April, 1849, are expressed by 47 ; the deaths in the 7 months
of 1849, from May to November, by 950; the deaths in December by 3 ; or the deaths
in the first 7 months were less than 5 per cent, of the total deaths, and two-thirds of the
total deaths happened in August and September. The returns of 1831-2 were made
to the Board of Health, and were necessarily imperfect, but their general indications are
probably correct; and the distribution of 30924 deaths over 14 months, given by Sir
David Barry, represents with sufficient accuracy the distribution of all the deaths from
cholera over the 14 months, from November, 1831, to December, 1832. If the total
deaths in this epidemic be represented by 1000, the deaths in the first eruption, from
November, 1831, to May, 1832, are expressed by 174, and the deaths in the second
eruption, extending from May, 1832, to December, by 826; or the deaths in the first
eruption were about 17 per cent, of the total deaths, and the deaths in August and Sep-
tember were somewhat less than half (4 6 per cent, of) the total deaths. The first epi-
demic descended to the lowest point in May, 1832, and rose to the highest pitch in August,
when it caused 29 per cent, of the total deaths. The second epidemic descended to
the lowest point in April, 1849, and was most fatal in September, when it caused
37 per cent, of the total deaths. It is worthy of remark, that the cholera in both
epidemics entered England after the wheat harvest was over, at the close of the hot
season, and that it was most fatal in and after the wheat harvest of the year following.

The annexed Table ( g ), p. xlvii, shows the distribution of the deaths in the two
epidemics over the several months; and Table (/<) is added for a comparison of the
distribution of the deaths in Loudon and Paris over the monthly periods of the epidemic.
In both cities each epidemic had a double eruption. The epidemic began earlief in
London than in Paris, yet the maximum mortality was attained two months sooner in
Paris than in London. The population of Paris is more dense than the population of
London; and the mortality in both the epidemics was about three times as great in
Paris as it was in London. In 1849 the mortality was greater in Paris than in Liverpool.

METEOROLOGICAL INFLUENCES.

Diagrams.

Two diagrams, illustrative of the progress of cholera, and of the meteorological
phenomena on every day of the year 1849, are appended to the Report. The second
Plate shows the temperature, the fall of rain, the direction of the wind, and the height
of the barometer on every day at Greenwich. The meteorological phenomena admit
therefore of strict comparison only with the line of cholera in London, Plate III.; but
the general character of the weather all over the country is indicated by this series of
observations. Thus, the weather was cold in the first half of January; and the line

xlvii

Cholera in Paris, London , and Liverpool.

fluctuates, but does not rise in January, February, March, April, while the cholera line
falls ; the lines of temperature and of cholera rise in May, June, and July ; in August the

(?)

Deaths in England from Choleka during each Month that the Epidemic reigned.

MONTHS.

Deaths from Cholera
in England.

Of the Total Deaths from
Cholera, the Proportion per
Cent, in each Month.

1831-32

1848- 49

1831-32

1848-49

1831-1848.

October .

•

?

354

2

•651

November .

.

97

376

•314

■691

December .

•

282

375

•912

•689

1832-1849.

January .

614

658

1-986

I *210

February .

708

37i

2*289

•682

March .

15 r9

302

4*912

*555

April

1401

107

4'53°

•197

May .

748

3^7

2*419

•601

June. .

1363

2046

4*408

3*761

July .

4816

757°

I5-574

13*916

August .

8875

15872

28*699

29*178

September .

5479

20379

17*718

37-463

October .

4080

4654

I3-I94

8-555

November .

802

844

2*593

1-552

December .

140

163

•453

•300

Total .

•

30924

54398

IOO’OOO

|

100*000

Note. — The deaths from cholera in each month of 1831-2 are from tables compiled by Sir David Barry, from the returns
to the Board of Health. The return includes the deaths in London and the principal towns. — British Med. Almanac.

Qi) Deaths in London, Paris, and Liverpool, during each Monlh that the Epidemic reigned.

MONTHS.

London,

1848-49

Paris,

1849

Paris,

1832

Liverpool,

1849

1848.

October

. ,

150

• .

• «

. .

November . .

.

190

. .

. .

. .

December . .

• •

133

• •

• •

1849-

January

.

292

7

f

5

February .

180

2

2

7

March .

• .

40

573

90

18

April .

9

1929

12733

19

May . .

24

4509

812

96

June .

• .

279

8669

868

424

July .

2555

865

25 73

1085

August

.

5368

1382

969

15 75

September .

5031

II42

35 7

874

October

337

115

62

62

November .

20

?

2

2

December .

2

2

2

6

Month not stated

. .

14610

19184

18464

190

4173

Census

• •

1851

1846

1831

1851

Population .

• •

2361640

1053897

785862

255055

Deaths to ioooo Living

62

172

233

167

Note. — The returns for Paris are from the “ Rapport sur les Epidemies Choleriques de 1832 et de 1849, dans les Etablis-
semens dependant de l’Ad ministration Generate de P Assistance Publique de la Ville de Paris. Par M. Blondel, 1850.”
The garrison and the hospital population and deaths are included.

xlviii

Plague Years — Diagrams.

temperature remained high, then cholera rose much higher ; in September the temperature
begins to descend, and the cholera line shoots up its highest points, attaining the greatest
elevation when the curve of temperature is descending. The form of the cholera
curve for all England is very remarkable: the successive terraces and pinnacles of the
Plate resemble sections of the primitive mountain formations, surmounted by spires and
aiguilles of granite; or recall the lines of a strange Gothic architecture.

The circular diagrams are of a new form, which may serve very well to illustrate
periodic phenomena. From the observations of 79 years (1771-1849), Mr. Glaisher
had represented the mean temperature of each day of the year by a curve laid down in
the usual way on a straight line; and it appeared natural to join the two ends of the
line by substituting the radii of a circle for the ordinates, and the angular divisions of
the circle for the abscissas. By this arrangement a diagram of a compact form is
obtained. It is a modification of the simple dial arrangement in general use. The
circle struck round the radii representing the averages — with the different colouring of
the radii extending beyond and falling short of the circle — makes the diagram represent
the facts in a striking manner to the eye.

The diagrams of Plate IV. are described at the foot of the sheet.* A separate diagram
for London is given for each of the 11 years from 1840 to 1850. The last diagram
represents the average result of the io years 1840-9 ; and a new element in the centre
— the average length of the day in each week. The radiating power of the sun depends
(1) on the time it is above the horizon, and (2) on its angular elevation. As both these
elements attain their maximum in the summer solstice, the greatest heating power of
the sun is then exerted, but its effect on the atmosphere goes on accumulating, and the
temperature of the air is highest later in the year. The red crescent representing heat
on the diagram is deflected 3 weeks to the right ; and the blue crescent representing
cold is deflected to the same extent. As the greatest effect on the air appears some
weeks after the sun has exeited its utmost power, so the diseases which excessive
heat favours appear some time after the temperature of the air has been highest.
Thus the temperature rises above the average at the 17th week, and falls below the
average at the 42nd week ; the mortality from summer diseases rises above the average
at the 30th, and falls below the average at the 40th week. In the years 1844, 1846,
1847, 1848, and 1849, it will be seen that the summer mortality exceeds the average
when the temperature is for sometime above 6o° ; and in every year the mortality
exceeds the average when the temperature descends below 40° Fahrenheit.

London has two healthy and two unhealthy seasons; the first healthy season extends
from the 14th to the 29th week, through April, May, June, and the greater part of
July ; the. second healthy season extends from the 40th to the 47th week, through
October and November. The first unhealthy season extends over December, January,
and February ; the second over August and September.

PLAGUE AND CHOLERA YEARS.

The fifth Plate, in a series of eight circular diagrams, presents a view of the mortality
of London in the seasons and weeks of ordinary and plague years.

The first two diagrams deserve particular attention ; the radii of the inner circles
represent the relative average weekly mortality of the years 1840-9 and 1640-6. How
much London in the nineteenth is less fatal to its inhabitants than London in the
seventeenth century, is evident from these lines ; and the improvement is still more
striking, when the mortality of cholera — great as it was — is compared with the mortality
of the five plagues in the 73 years, 1593-1665.

The years 1640-6 have been selected to represent the ordinary city mortality of the
17th century, because the weekly returns are still extant, and are comparatively free from
plague. The second diagram represents the average weekly mortality of these years ; and
it will be observed that there is a great excess of mortality in August, September,
October, and part of November. It was the unhealthy season. April, May, and June

* The lirst circular diagrams representing the mortality and temperature in London during each week,
and the diagrams of the plugues in London, were constructed in February 1850. The diagrams showing
the daily mortality from cholera in England and in the 11 Divisions were constructed in September 1850.

xlix

Fatal Days.

were the healthiest months, but the mortality was then little lower than in winter. The
mortality in winter was higher than it is in the present day; but the mortality from the
diseases of summer was raised so much higher in proportion than the mortality from
winter diseases, that it made tiie winter look comparatively healthy.

The circles are divided by two diameters into four quarters; and it will be observed
that all the plagues are projected on the same side, four of five in the same quadrant of
the circle. The harvest months were the death months of the year. It was the same in
the 14th, 1 5th, and 16th centuries, when the black death and the sweating sickness
were rife.

As a population grows healthier, the annual mortality fluctuates less and less from
year to year: the fluctuation in the mortality of the seasons also diminishes. The
eccentric figure which circumscribes the radii representing the relative force of mortality
in the 52 parts of the earth’s orbit, gradually tends to become a circle, or a figure of the
ellipsoid type. In its first stage it has some resemblance to the cometary orbit ; in its
second to the regular orbits of planets.

It maybe stated as a general result of many observations in Europe, that whenever
the mortality of the 6 mouths after the summer solstice is much greater than the
mortality of the first 6 months of the year, the absolute mortality of the place is high.

FATAL DAYS OF THE WEEK.

On Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, the deaths from cholera were
above, and on Thursday, Friday, and Sunday below the average. In the whole
country Tuesday was the most, Friday the least — fatal day of the week. The disparity
in the deaths was greatest in London, where 2194 persons died on Mondays, 2136 on
Tuesdays, and only 1927 on Thursdays, and 1824 on Fridays. The distribution of
the deaths over the days of the week is shown below, in the table («).

In reading the table it must be recollected that the days given are the days on
which deaths occurred , and that half the deaths happen in the twenty-four hours after
the attack.

The weekly wages are generally paid on the Saturdays ; and the Mondays in London
and other cities are days on which a certain proportion of the population indulge in
intoxicating drinks. The Fridays are days of comparative abstinence.

LOCALITY.

Many instances have been given of the partial ravages of cholera. The influence of
locality, however, is so great, that it requires further illustration. By collecting the
districts together in which the mortality was high, we find this striking result : that

CO

All England and)
Wales . . ./

London ....

Other parts of Eng.)
land and Wales . J

Mondays.

Tuesdays.

Wednesdays

Thursdays.

Fridays.

Saturdays.

Sundays.

Average.

7693

7826

7621

7607

7167

7769

7610

7614

2194

5499

2136

5690

1978

5643

1927

5680

1824

5343

2067

5702

2011

5599

2020

5594

All England and)
Wales . . . J

London ....

Other parts of Eng-)
land and Wales . J

+ 79

+212

+ 7

- 7

-447

+ 155

-4

1 +

M

+n6
+ 96

-42

+49

-93
+ 86

— 196
-251

+ 47
+ 108

_ 9
+5

Note. — The minus sign (-) denotes below ; the plus sign ( + ) above the average.

1

Influence of Locality.

46592 of the 53293 deaths from cholera in the year 1849 occurred in 134 of 623
districts; or in less than a seventh part of the area of England and Wales, among four
parts in ten of the population. Only 6701 deaths took place out of 10 millions of
people on 49228 square miles of territory.

The area of England and Wales is equal to 57067 square miles, and may be repre-
sented by a square of 239 miles to the side; now the districts comparatively free being
represented by a square of 222 miles to the side in the centre, the band miles broad
round this inner square represents the extent of area on which 46592 of the deaths
happened. The facts are shown in the Table (A).

Again, in 85 districts of England and Wales no death from cholera was registered in
1849; not a single death from either cholera or diarrhoea was registered in 12 of those
districts; namely, Christchurch and Alresford, in Hampshire , Northleach, in Glou-
cestershire; Ledbury, in Herefordshire ; Sedbergh, in Yorkshire; Bellingham and
Rothbury, in Northumberland ; Bootle, in Cumberland ; Newcastle-in-Emlvn, Aber-
ayron, Tregaron, in Cardiganshire ; and Dolgelly, in Merionethshire. No death
from cholera took place in 8 out of 37 districts of Hampshire and Berkshire; while
only 3 in 38 districts of Kent and Surrey (exclusive of the part in London) were
exempt : there was one or more deaths in every district of Sussex, Middlesex, Hert-
fordshire, Huntingdonshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Rutlandshire, Lincolnshire,
Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, East Riding of Yorkshire, Durham, Monmouthshire,
and Cornwall. One district escaped in the 7 districts of Buckinghamshire ; 7 in 21 of
Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire; 2 of 17 in Essex; 9 in 39 of Suffolk and
Norfolk; 5 in 54 of Wiltshire, Devonshire, and Somersetshire; 5 in n of Dorsetshire ;
5 in 6 of Herefordshire; 7 in 28 of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire; 4 in 29 of
Shropshire and Warwickshire; 1 in 16 of Staffordshire; 1 in 9 of Nottinghamshire;
4 in 11 of Leicestershire ; 2 in 28 of the West Riding of Yorkshire ; 7 in 36 districts
of Northumberland, Cumberland, and the North Riding of Yorkshire ; 2 in 3 of West-
morland ; and 12 in 43 of the districts of Wales.

The only town of any magnitude in the 85 districts is Hereford. The other districts
arc made up of villages or small towns.

The 85 districts are given in the Table, pp. cxl-cxli. The population, the deaths from
diarrhoea, and the deaths from all causes in the 10 years 1841-50, are annexed (/).

It is worthy of remark that the population in the 12 districts which were unvisited by
cholera or diarrhoea was nearly stationary; it amounted to 120792 in 1841, and
1213671111850. There must have been emigration, and little immigration. The
annual mortality in the 10 years 1841-50 was also exceedingly low; it did not

(A) Akea, Population, and Mortality from Ciioi.kka in different Districts of England.

—

Area in
Square Miles.

Population

1851.

Deaths from
Cholera

1849.

Persons to
one Square
Mile in

1849.

Deaths from
Cholera to

I OOOO

persons living

1849.

134 Districts in 11 Cholera)
Fields j

7839

7417817

46592

915

65

The other Districts of England)
and Wales J

49228

1050495 1

6701

21 1

6

EnolandandWai.es. . .

57067

17,922,768

53293

308

3°

Name, of the 131 Districts: — All the Ixindon Districts, and Edmonton, Hitchin, llrentford, Hartford, West Ham, Horn-
ford, Koch ford, Gravesend, Medwny, Thanet, Brighton, Headington, Oxford, W\ combe, Yarmouth, North Witchford,
Whittlesey, Wisbeach, Portsea, Alverstoke, Southampton, Isle of Wight, Salisbury, Totnes, I’lvmpton St. Mary, Plymouth,
East Stonehouse. Stoke Damerel, Tavistock , St. Germans, Uskeard, St. Austell, Truro, Falmouth, lied ruth. Great Houghton.
Wirrall, Liverpool, W est Derby, Prescot, Wigan, Holton, Chorlton, Salford, Manchester. Hradford, Hunalet, I,eods, Dews-
bury, Wakefield, Pontefract, Wortlev, Ecclcstteld, Sheffield, Selby, York, Sculcoates, Hull, Stockton, Teesdale, Durham,
Chcster-le-Street, Sunderland, South Shields, Gateshead, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tynemouth, Alnwick, Carlisle, Cocker-
mouth, W lute have n, Bridgwater, Hedminster, Bristol, Clifton, t llouceater, Shrewsbury, Newcastle-under- I.vme, Wolstanton,
Stoke-upon-Trent, Nanlwich, Wolverhampton, WalsalL West Bromwich, Dudlei, Stourbridge, Bridgnorth, Coventry,
Newport, Pontypool, Abergavenny, Crickhowell, Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, Bridgend, Neath, Swansea, Carmarthen.

Free Districts.

li

approach in any district to 2 per cent., and was 1*750 per cent, on an average.
In the 73 districts which escaped cholera, but lost some lives by diarrhoea, the popu-
lation increased only 3 per cent, in 10 years; and the annual mortality was on an
average 1 *905 per cent.

In the county of Hereford only one death from cholera was registered in 1 849. A
labourer’s son, aged 9, died 'of cholera at Bargates, Leominster, on September 30. This
county lies high ; the population is scattered over the country, and engaged in agri-
culture : it is out of the line of railways. The common drink of the people is cider.

A straw-bonnet maker, aged 27, died of cholera in Kirkbv Stephen on July 26th,
1849. It was the only death from cholera in Westmorland.

The 85 districts which escaped the epidemic cholera in 1849, lay in general high,
round the sources of rivers, and were thinly peopled. Cardigan, Aberystwith, Abe-
rayon, Machynlleth, Dolgelly, Conwav, in Wales ; Bootle, in Cumberland ; Lvmington
and Christchurch, in Hampshire; Blotield, Wabingham, and Freebridge L\nn, in
Norfolk ; and Plomesgate in Suffolk, though thinly peopled, are on the coast, or on the
navigable parts of rivers, which 208 districts adjoin. Thus 13 in 208, or 6 percent, of
the districts on the coast escaped, while 72 in 415, or 17 per cent, of the inland districts,
enjoyed immunity ( m ).

(Z) Population, Deaths, Annual Rate of Mortality, 1841-50, and Deaths from Diarrhoea,
in 85 Districts, where there was no Death from Cholera, in 1849.*

12 Districts in which'
there was no Death
from Cholera or Diar-
rhoea

73 Districts in which
there was no Death
from Cholera .

Total . .

Population.

Deaths in
the IO
Y ears,
1841--50,
from all
Causes.

Annual
Mortality
Per Cent,
from all
Causes,
1841-50.

Deaths

1841

1851

Diarrhoea.

1849.

120792

121367

21220

1-750

• •

9991 79

I0294I2

195 105

i‘9°5

37r

III997I

1150779

216325

1-889

3/i

( m ) Mortality from Cholera in the Inland and the Coast Districts.

—

Population June
7th, 1841.

Population March
31st, 1851.

Deaths from
Cholera
1849.

Deaths from
Cholera to
roooo

persons living*

1849.

England and Wales .

I5,9I4D48

17,922,768

53,293

3°

415 Inland Districts

9,478,050

10,433,333

17,052

17

208 Coast Districts .....

6,436,098

7,489,435

36,241

5°

100 East Coast Districts-)-

3,425,267

4,052,082

20,844

53t

47 South Coast Districts . .

1,081 ,588

I,2I2,5Q6

4,685

39

61 West Coast Districts . . .

1,929,243

2,224, 757

10, 712

49

Names of One Hundred Districts on the East Coast: — Berwick, Belford, Alnwick, Morpeth, Tynemouth, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, South Shields, Gateshead, Sunderland, Easington, Stockton, Guisborough, Whitby, Scarborough, Bridlington,
Skirlaugh, Patrington, Hull, Sculcoates, Howden, Selby, York, Goole, Glandford Brigg, Caistor, Gainsborough, Louth,
Spilsby, Boston, Holbeach, Wisbeach, Kings Lynn, Freebridge Lynn, Docking, Walsingham, Erpingham, Tunstead,

* For the names of Districts see table pp. cxl - cxli.

f Excluding London (36 Districts) from the East Coast Districts the Mortality wiU be 41 to 10000 persons living.

e 2

lii

Coast Districts.

The cholera was three times more fatal on the coast than in the interior of the
country. This is shown clearly in Table (m). 36241 of the deaths from cholera

occurred in the districts lying against the low navigable rivers and the seas ; 17052 in
the interior of this circle ; and as the population of the coast districts was nearly 77 mil-
lions, and that of the part of the country within this circuit, 10J millions, the mortality
in the coast districts was at the rate of 50, in the inland districts at the rate of 17
in 10000.

The character of the coast varies; and by a further analysis it is found that the fatality
of cholera on the coast was greatest in the chief seaport districts. Thus 26773, or
more than half the deaths in the country from cholera, happened in the districts of
or about London, Liverpool, Hull, Bristol, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Southampton, and
Tynemouth.

London, having the mixed character of a seaport town and an inland city, may for
the present, be set aside : we have then three groups of coast districts (»).

The mortality in the great ports was at the rate of 125 in 10000 inhabitants ; in
the 125 coast districts with small ports, often inaccessible to ships, the mortality in 10000
was only 1 5 ; which is one-eighth part of the mortality in the great, one-third part of
the mortality (47) in the secondary ports.

Cholera reigned wherever it found a dense population on the low alluvial soils of
rivers, round the estuaries of the Thames, the Humber, the Mersey, the Severn, the
Tamar, and their tributary waters.

Certain cities and towns lie on the same rivers at different elevations, and are inti-
mately connected ; the one is the port and entrepot, the other the manufacturing seat
and centre of the surrounding country. Liverpool, Manchester, and other districts are
thus related. It will be found that cholera prevailed at both extremities of the con-
necting line ; but that it was almost invariably most fatal in the port or district lying
lowest down the river (0).

Two large groups of districts have been thrown together. 1st. The 47 districts on the
river and sea margins, which comprise the principal ports except London ; and 41 of
the large town districts in the interior of the country, seated also on rivers, but nearer
their sources, and at higher elevations. The inland districts are more densely peopled
than the maritime districts ; and the mortality, in ordinary times high in both regions,

Flegg, Yarmouth, Blotield, Norwich, Mutford, 131 y thing, Plomesgate, Woodbrulge, Ipswich, Sam ford , Tendring, I.exden,
Maid on, Koch ford, Billericay, Orsett. Romford, West Ham, Thirty-six London Districts, Hartford, Gravesend, North
Aylesford, IIoo, Medway, Milton, Sheppev, Faversham, Blean.

Names of Forty-seven Districts on the South Coast: — Thanet, Eastry, Dover, Elham, Romney Marsh, Rye, Hastings,
Battle, Eastbourne, Lewes, Brighton, Steyning, Worthing, Westhampnett, Westboume, Havant, Portsea Island, Alver-
stoke, Fareham, South Stoneham, Southampton, New Forest, Isle of Wight, Lvmington, Christchurch, Poole, Wareham,
Weymouth Bridport, Axminster, Iloniton, Exeter, St. Thomas Newton Abbott, Totnes, Kingsbridge, Plympton St. Mary,
Plymouth, East Stonehouse. Stoke Damerel, St. Germans, Liskeard, St. Austell, Truro, Falmouth, Helston, Penzance.

Names of Sixty-onk Districts on the West Coast: — Redruth, St. Columb, Bodmin, Camelford, Stratton, Bideford,
Barnstaple, Williton, Bridgwater, Axbridge, Bedminster, Bristol, Clifton, Thornbury, Durslev, Wheatenhurst, Gloucester,
Westbury-on-Severn, Chepstow, Newport, Cardiff, Bridgend, Neath, Swansea, Llanelly, Carmarthen, Narberth, Pembroke,
Haverfordwest, Cardigan, Aherayon, Aberyswith, Machynlleth, Dolgelly, Festiniog, Pwllheli, Carnarvon, Anglesey,
Bangor, Conway, St. Asaph, Ilolvwell, Great Boughton, Wirrall, Runcorn, Liverpool, West Derby, Prescot. Warrington,
Ormskirk, Preston, Fylde, Gars tang, Lancaster, Ulverstone, Bootle, Whitehaven, Cockermoutli, Wigton, Carlisle, ling-
town. The above include some districts situated on navigable parts of chief rivers.

(»)

POPULATION.

Deaths
from Cholera

Annual Rate
of Increase
per Cent,
of Population.

Deaths
from Cholera
to 10000
persons living.

1849.

1841

1851

1849.

17 Districts, including seven of the)
above great Ports* )

849559

1047210

12636

2' 008

125

30 Districts, comprising the secondary )
Portsf )

929255

I 106109

5067

1-648

47

12$ other Coast Districts ....

2708915

.2974476

4401

•940

15

* The 17 districts comprise (1 ) Liverpool, West Derby ; (2) Hull, Sculcoates ; (3) Bristol, Clifton, Bedminster; (4) Ply-
mouth, Plympton St. Mary, Knst Stonehouse, Stoke Damerel, St. Germans; (5) Southampton; (6J Portsea Island,
Alverstoke ; (7) Tynemouth, South Shields,
f The 30 districts are all thoie given in Table page cxlii, except the above 17 districts.

liii

Inland and Seaport Districts.

is highest in the inland towns ; yet the cholera in the low sea-side districts destroyed
85 in 10000 of the inhabitants, while in the inland towns it was fatal to 38 in 10000
of the inhabitants. The fatality was as 2j to 1. The metropolis, with its mixed popu-
lation, experienced an intermediate mortality ; 62 in 10000 of the inhabitants died of
cholera. The mortality from cholera in the rest of the kingdom, on smaller streams
and higher ground, was at the rate of only 12 in every 10000 of the 11 millions of
people. It is worthy of observation, that while diarrhoea was fatal to 7 in 10000 of the
people in those districts, it was fatal to 17 or 18 in iooooof the people inhabiting each
group of the town districts ( p , q).

From the want of data, we cannot give the exact elevation of the districts ; but we
have here the facts that while the mortality from cholera was much higher in the three
groups of dense town districts, rapidly increasing by the influx of immigrants, than
in the rest of the country, the other elements — (1), of depression, (2), of alluvial soil,

(«)

Deaths

PORT DISTRICTS.

Population

DISTRICTS LYING HIGHER

Population

1851.

Cholera

UP THE RIVERS.

1851.

Cholera

Tynemouth and South Shields

IOOGI7

1016

i Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Gateshead .

and j

137230

552

Sunderland

70561

363

Durham ....

55952

192

Hull and Sculcoates .

95266

1834

Leeds and Hunslet .

• ,

189987

2323

Liverpool and West Derby .

408298

5308

Manchester, Salford,
Chorlton .

and j

439757

1395

{/,) Mortality from Cholera in Seaport, Inland Town, London, and Country Districts.

Area in Acres.

Population Enumerated.

Deaths of Persons
in 1849 from

Persons.

June 7th,
1841.

March 31st,
1851.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

47 Districts, including the principal)
Seaport Towns (except London) . j
41 Districts, comprising the principal |

Inland Towns /

London (comprising 36 Districts) .
The remaining 499 Districts of the)
Country J

2,333,290

1,663,288

77.964

32,448,338

1,778,814

1,930,37!

1,948,369

10,256,594

2,153,319

2,243,183

2,361,640

11,164,626

17,703

8,193

14,137

13,260

3,499

3,840

3,899

7,649

Deaths of Persons from all Causes.

Annual Mortality
per Cent, from all Causes.

10 Years
1841-1850.

In the Year
1849.

In the Year
'1847.

In the Year
1847.

In the Year
1849.

47 Districts, including the principal 1
Seaport Towns (except London) . )
41 Districts, comprising the principal)

Inland Towns J

London (comprising 36 Districts
The remaining 499 Districts of the)
Country j

495,752

532,590

529,289

2,213,067

69,413

63,017

68,899

240,129

61,968

61,554

59,131

240,651

3-079

2-906

2-691

2-226

3-327

2-886

3-oi7

2-183

liv

Seaside and Inland Districts.

or (3), of whatever else characterises our seaport towns, are of primary importance. In
some of the large inland towns the cholera was scarcely at all fatal ; the deaths it caused
in 1849 in Cambridge were only 5, Colchester 4, Cheltenham 6, Hereford o, Stafford 3,
Birmingham and Aston 35, Leicester 2, Lincoln 7, Nottingham 18, Derby 18. It
destroyed 202 lives in Coventry, 116 in Shrewsbury, 174 in York, and 165 in Salisbury;
but of the 8193 deaths from cholera in the Table (r), 3438 took place in Leeds, Hunslet,
Manchester, and Salford, which are great towns intimately connected by railways,
canals, and roads, with Liverpool and Hull ; and 3047 in Wolverhampton and Merthyr
Tydfil. Subtracting the 6485 deaths from cholera in these 6 districts, 1708 deaths
remain, which represent the deaths from cholera in 35 of the largest inland town dis-
tricts of the kingdom (r).

The low-lving towns on the coast were all attacked by cholera. Scarborough, Kings
Lynn, and Deal in the Eastry District, on the coast, enjoyed as much immunity as the
inland towns; thev were the only considerable towns on the coast that escaped.

Cardiff is the port of the Merthyr Tydfil district. Situated in the interior, the centre
of the great Glamorganshire iron works is about 20 miles from Cardiff, with which the
Cardiff Canal, the Taf River, and the roads connect it. Cardiff and Merthyr Tydfil are

(?)

POPULATION.

Annual Rate of Mortality per Cent.

Annual
Increase
per Cent.

1841-50.

Density —
Persons to
IO Acres.

in 1849.

From all
Causes.

1841-50.

Cholera in
1849.

Diarrhoea in

1849.

47 low River and Sea-side Dis- 1
tricts )

1*822

9

2*531

•849

• 168

36 London Districts

4: inland Town Districts ....

i‘945

1*542

293

13

O

co

Tt" CTl

CJ c»

•619

•375

•171

•176

499 Districts, including chiefly small)
towns, and the country population ./

•86r

3

2*073

•121

•070

(r)

GROUPS OF TOWNS.

Area in
Acres.

Population.

Deaths in 1849.

June 7,
1841.

March 31,
1851.

From

Cholera.

From

Diarrhoea.

6 Large Inland Town Districts : —

Wolverhampton, Merthyr Tydfil, )
Manchester, Salford, Leeds, and 1
Hunslet j

205,247

564,907

686,913

6485

1753

35 other Inland Town Districts . .

1,458,041

1,365,464

1,556,270

1708

2087

Persons to
10 Acres.

Annual Rate of
Increase of Population
per Cent.

Mortality

from

Cholera to
10000 living
1849.

Mortality

from

Diarrhoea to
10000 living
1849.

6 Large Inland Town Districts: —

Wolverhampton, Merthyr Tydfil,!
Manchester, Salford, Leeds, and >
Hunslet J

7

•013

98

26

35 other Inland Towns ....

10

•341

II

»4

Coal Fields.

lv

therefore connected with each other in the same way as the towns previously mentioned
(p. liii., Table o) ; but in this respect they differ, that the mortality is greater in the high
district than in the low port town ( s ).

The mortality, great in both places, was considerably greater in Merthyr Tydfil than
in Cardiff.* The epidemic, however, began first at Cardiff. The canal at Cardiff was
emptied, and the mud lay exposed to the sun in the spring. On May 13th a navigator
died of Asiatic cholera at Cardiff; the first death in Lower Merthyr Tydfil was on
May 2 1 st; the first death in Upper Merthyr Tydfil on May 26th. The epidemic broke
out a few days earlier, and subsided sooner in the port than in the inland mining district.
The canal mud lay exposed, and the houses were crowded and dirty in the poor streets
of Cardiff, but the insalubrious condition of Merthyr Tydfil exceeds that of the old settled
town.

The place is thus described in the Quarterly Report :f — “ The most populous parts of
Merthyr-Tydfil are well situated on sloping ground, a very small portion being on a
level. Merthyr church is 500 feet above the docks at Cardiff, Pen-v-Dran higher, and
Dowlais about 400 feet above Merthyr.” “ Hence,” says Sir H. T. De la Beche, “ the
situation of Merthyr is open, airy, and well exposed.” Such is the natural situation.
The evidence collected by the Health of Towns’ Commissioners shows by what process
the advantages of situation have been sacrificed by the men and the iron-masters —
“ From the poorer class of the inhabitants, who constitute the mass of the population,
throwing all slops and refuse into the nearest open gutter before their houses, from the
impeded courses of such channels, and the scarcity of privies, some parts of the town
are complete networks of filth emitting noxious exhalations .” “During the rapid
increase of this town, no attention seems to have been paid to its drainage ! ”
“ There are no regulations for draining the town ; the surface water is retained ;
there are stagnant pools and ditches contiguous to the dwellings.” There are
“no dust-bins,” “no scavengers,” “the liquid refuse is allowed to remain on the
surface,” or “thrown into the water courses,” which are “cleansed by the rain only.”
“ The main streets — not the courts and alleys — are occasionally cleansed by the Turn-
pike Trust Commissioners some of the “ town refuse” is carried to “ waste parts of
the town, and the beds of the rivers Taf and Morlais; after a long drought the stench
is almost intolerable in many places. ”f The houses of small but respectable trades-
people are unprovided with privies. The interior of many of the houses is cleanly and
well kept ; the Dowlais Company undertake to carry away the ashes of the inhabitants
of Dowlais at the rate of id. per week for each house. The houses are chiefly supplied

* Cholera, 1849. — Deaths in each Month.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Cardiff

I

I

39

135

69

91

55

3

I

I

l6

349

539

548

190

37

3

• •

f Reg. Gen. Quarterly Report, 1849, No. 3, pp. 14, 15
+ 2nd Report of Health of Towns Commissioners, vol. i,, 8vo., pp. 316-324.

(*)

Population.

Deaths in 1849.

Deaths to 10000
Persons living in 1849.

1841

1851

From

Cholera.

From

Diarrhoea.

From

Cholera.

From

Diarrhoea.

Cardiff .......

32,557

52,863

46,484

396

75

90

17

Merthyr lydvil ....

76,813

1,682

97

234

14

M Invasion of the Inland from the Coast Districts.

with water by pumps and wells ; the supply is scanty, and as most of the wells are fed
by surface waters, it may be doubted if they can be free from a mixture with impurities
derived from the bouse refuse soaking into the ground in all directions. The most
wretched part of Dowlais is “ the cellars,” a collection of small houses in a depression
between a line of road, a cinder heap, and the river Taf. “ An open, stinking, and
nearly stagnant gutter, into which the house refuse is as usual flung, moves slowly
before the doors.”

While there were no deaths from cholera in, the small towns of Christchurch and
Ringwood on the lower part of the Avon in Hampshire, the epidemic was excessively
fatal higher up the riveT, in Salisbury, which is connected with Southampton and Ports-
mouth by a line of railway. Salisbury is always an unhealthy place ; it is on a low
damp valley, in the midst- of water meadows ; the courts and alleys where the lower
classes reside, are in a filthy state, and derive no benefit from the general system of
cleansing carried on in the main streets. There is a mill-dam ; “ and any attempt,” says
Captain Denison, “ to improve the general drainage w'ould be imprac'icable; it would
interfere w ith too many interests.”* The population of the town has slightly decreased
in the io years 1841 -51.

Newcastle-under-Lyme is another instance of mortality from cholera on high land.
This district suffered severely. Out of a population of about 20000, there were 241
deaths from cholera. The town, on some of the highest ground in the interior of
England, is about 400 feet above the level of the sea, and not far from the sources of
the Trent; it is in a basin, and the Lyme, dammed by a mill, is an open sewer
running through the town and sending up from its polluted, black, muddy bed exhala-
tions w hich poison the inhabitants. The mayor was one of the victims.

Bilston, in the Wolverhampton District, also in the interior of the country, sufFered
severely from the epidemic. The place and the people have often been described:
nothing can be worse than the circumstances in which they live or die.

Epidemic cholera w'as raging in Hamburgh when the first cases were noticed in the
ports of London, Hull, Sunderland, on the east coast of England, opposite, and in con-
stant commercial relation with that continental port. The epidemic appeared in an
unequivocal form at the commencement of October, 1848 ; yet it made little progress
until the spring of 1849, when it gradually spread from the coast and river mouths to
the interior oi the countrv. Noiicing only the great eruption, it appeared at. Liver-
pool, on the Mersey, March 10th; Manchester, in the interior, June 25th; and
Wigan, July glh. As it went from Cardiff to Merthyr Tydfil, so ascending the Usk,
it broke out at Newport, on May 291I1 ; Abergavenny, on June 3rd; Crichhowell, on
July 2 1 st. On the Lower Avon it was at Clifton on May 24th; Bristol, June 1st;
Bcdminster, July 8th. Gloucester, on the Severn, was attacked on May 4th ; Shrews-
bury, higher up the river, on July 25th. The great Wolverhampton cholera field,
in the interior of the country, was attacked late; Wolverhampton, on July 17th;
Stourbridge, August 10th; Walsall, August 25th; West Bromwich, August 31st.
On the south coast the chief epidemic broke out at Plymouth, on June 3th ; Stoke
Damerel, July 4th; Tavistock, higher up the country, July 24th. Southampton
was attacked on June 30th ; the low Portsea Island, July 2nd; Alverstoke, July 6lh;
Salisbury. July 10th. The epidemic in the London field began to be fatal in London
itself about May 25th; in Brighton, June 13th; Gravesend, June 29th; Brent-
ford, June 29th; Rochf’ord, July 51b; Thanet, including Ramsgate and Margate,
July 14th. Up the river Lea, Hertford was attacked August 21st; Hitchin, further
north , August 27th. The first cases on the Humber, and its tributaries, occurred at
Hull in 1848; but the outbreak of the great epidemic occurred first at Leeds, on June
14th; Hull, July 7th ; Sculcoates, July 23rd; Gainsborough, August 4th; Howden,
August 2nd ; Selby, August 13th; Goole, August 6th ; Thorne, August 19th. On the
river Tees the epidemic began at Stockton, July 7th; at Teesdale, higher up the
country, on August 17th.

* Reg. Gen. Quarterly Report, No. J, 1849, and Appendix, p. 241, lo and Report of Health of Towns
Cuiomlstionert.

lvii

Causes of the Mortality in London.

The epidemic appeared, it will be recollected, at the port of Sunderland, on the
Wear, October 4th, 1848. The epidemic of 1849 broke out at Durham, higher up the
river, on May 12th; at Sunderland there was one outbreak on March 4th, and a
second on June 28th. The seaport was first invaded; and in the great outbreak, the
inland town, on the Wear, was neither the first nor the greatest sufferer. The low
ports of the Tyne were the first attacked on that river; the epidemic appeared at South
Shields on June 2nd; Tynemouth, July 1st; higher up the river, at Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, on July 30th; Gateshead, August nth. The shaded map, showing the rivers
and the dates of attack, may be advantageously studied.

The cholera epidemic then first appeared in the ports of England, and gradually
extended into the interior of the country.

Cholera attacked the greater part of the districts on the coal-fields of England, and
was most fatal in the denser masses of the mining population. Mining operations have,
in all times, and in all places, been fatal to man: chiefly in consequence of the neg-
ligent habits of the people, and the absence of the health regulations which exist
in towns possessing a municipal organization. The ground on the coal formation
may have lent the epidemic fatality. The annexed Table shows the population and the
deaths from cholera, and from all causes, in the principal districts on the coal-fields of
the country. The mortality from cholera was 46 in 10000, from diarrhoea 13, in
these districts; which, it will be noticed, increase at the rate of i'8 per cent,
annually, and every year lose 23 in IOOOO of their inhabitants by death of one kind
or other ( t ).

The epidemic was not generally fatal on the primary geological formations — on the
granite, the Silurian, or the Devonian systems ; while Herefordshire, however, on the
old red sandstone, escaped, Cornwall and the south of Devon, on the same formation
suffered severely. Plymouth, and the districts around the Sound, into which the Tamar
flows, was one of the principal cholera fields ; but it is a port, and the mouth of a
river which rises partially in the millstone grit, forming a part of the carboniferous
system.

A few scattered cases occurred in the marshy districts of Lincolnshire ; but the mor-
tality was inconsiderable, and below the average. The marsh districts in the interior
of Cambridgeshire also escaped, down to the Ely district; North Witchford, Whittlesey
and Wisbeach suffered. So did some of the marsh districts of Essex and Kent on the
estuary of the Thames. In the Romney Marsh district only one death from cholera
occurred.

THE CAUSES OF THE MORTALITY IN LONDON.

Much information is accessible respecting the districts of London, and during the
progress of the epidemic, opportunities were afforded of observing the effects of the

( t ) Mortality from Cholera on the Coal Fields of England.

Population

Enumerated.

Annual
Rate of
Increase of
Population
per Cent.

Deaths.

Deaths to 10000 persons living.

June 7,
1841.

March 31,
1851.

From all
Causes in
the 10
Years,
1841-50.

From

Cholera,

1849.

From

Diarrhoea,

1849.

Annually
from all
Causes in
the 10
Years,
1841-50.

From

Cholera,

1849.

From

Diarrhoea,

1849.

42 Districts om
the Coal

Fields in [
England* .j

2269786

2707340

1*813

6nro6

II97O

3306

233

46

13

* Chipping Sodlury, Madeley, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Wolstan ton, Stoke- upon-Trent, Tam worth, Wolverhampton, Walsall,
West Bromwich, Dudley, Stourbridge, Belper, Chesterfield, Wigan, Bolton, Ashton, Oldham, Rochdale, Burnley, Blackburn,
Todmorden, Huddersfield, Halifax, Bradford, Hunslet, Leeds, Dewsbury, Wakefield, Sheffield, Rotherham, Chester-le-Street,
Gateshead, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Tynemouth, Castle Ward, Morpeth, Whitehaven, Abergavenny, Pont y pool, Merthyr Tydfil,
Neath, Llanelly.

lviii

The Thames and the Water Supply.

varying conditions of place and population on the mortality. The first cases of the
epidemic appeared in the heart of the port ; and it was noticed at an early period that
the mortality was much higher on the south side than on the north side of the Thames.
The south side of the river is low and badly drained ; and it was deemed desirable to
ascertain if possible the state of the sewers and drainage in every district, in order to
determine the effects of emanations from the soil.

The principal elements which are likely to influence the mortality of an epidemic,
and which we have the means pf investigating, are the water supply, the drainage and
elevation of soil, the density of population, and the poverty of the inhabitants. Lon-
don consists of 36 registration districts — which are here made 38 — as for the purpose
of ttds inquiry we separate the low Belgrave sub-district from the rest of St. George
Hanover Square, and detach Paddington from the Kensington district. The popu-
lation of each of the 38 districts was returned in 1841 and 1851, and the rate of
increase among females furnished a means of estimating the population in 1849. The
deaths from cholera in 1849 divided by the population gave the rate of mortality for
each district, as shown in the column headed c in the tables. The elevation and
are a of each district have been estimated by Major Dawson, R.E., from the maps
furnished to the Sewers’ Commission by the recent Ordnance Survey. The area of
districts adjacent to the Thames includes the river. The relative density, expressed by-
persons to an acre, is obtained by dividing the population of 1 849 by the number of acres
in each district. The number of persons to an inhabited house is foriheyear 1841, and
has not since greatly varied. The relative wealth or poverty of the districts of the
metropolis bears a c rtain relation to the annual value of the houses ; which was ob-
tained from the parliamentary return of the value of houses as assessed under the
Income Tax for the year 1842-3. The division of this value in pounds by the number
of inhabited houses, and by the population of 1841, gives the average annual value of
houses, and the annual value of house and shop room, sufficiently near for the present
purpose. The poor rate in the £ is added for 1842-3. The mortality of each district
from all cau.-es in the 7 years 1838-44 is also given.

After these calculations had been made, the 38 districts were arranged in five dif-
ferent orders ; — ist, in the order of their mortality from cholera ; 2nd, in the order of the
elevation of the soil above the Trinity high-water mark ; 3rd, in the order of their
density ; 4th, in the order of their wealth deduced from the value of the houses ; and,
5th, in the order of their mortality from all causes in the ordinary years 1838-44. The
sources of the water supply are also indicated in the tables.

In the various combinations of the results, each district, whatever may be its extent,
is considered to represent a certain state of things, and is therefore treated as of the
same average extent ; which is equivalent to dealing with an equal amount of the
average population of the 38 districts.

The Sewers* Commission had an underground survey in progress, but it was in-
complete. The Ordnance Survey supplied the elevation of the different parts, and in
the absence of more precise information, it was thought that the elevation would at
least furnish a good general notion of the natural drainage of the London districts.

THE THAMES AND THE WATER SUPPLY.

But before proceeding further in this branch of the inquiry, the effect of the river
Thames and of the w’ater supply on the health of London must be noticed. The Thames
collects the watersof 6160 square miles of country, extending from the Cotswold Hills in
Gloucestershire to the eastern coast ; and the great body of this water flows and reflows
through London in tides ; which carry the matter below London Bridge, a mile and a
half above Battersea Bridge twice a day, and ascend as high as Teddmgton. The con-
tents of the greater part of the drains, sinks, and water-closets of this vast city and of the
2,360,000 people on its sides, are discharged through the sewers into its waters ; which,
scarcely sullied by the primitive inhabitants, have now lost all their clearness uud
purity. '1'he dark, turbid, dirty waters Irom half-stagnant sewers are agitated by the
tides, but are not purified until they reach the sea.

lix

The Thames and the Water Supply.

The Thames presents a large evaporating surface which must be taken into account,
and it gives off vapours day and night in quantities which the phenomena of a “ London
fog” reveal. The still air then condenses the matter which at other times enters the
atmosphere invisibly, and escapes observation. The mean lowest night temperature of
the Tiiames from May 27th to September 15th, 1849, was 64°; the mean lowest night
temperature of the air was 52’; so that the wide simmering waters were breathing
incessantly into the vast sleeping city tainted vapours, which the temperature of the
air at night would not sustain.

it is a fact well worthy of attention, that after the temperature of the Thames has
risen above 60, diarrhoea, summer cholera, and dysentery become prevalent, and dis-
appear as the temperature subsides. The cholera reached London in the new epidemic
form about October, 1848 ; it prevailed through the winter, and destroyed 94 lives in
the second week of Januarv, when the temperature of the Thames was 37° ; it declined
rapidly through April and May ; the night temperature of the Thames then rose to 62° in
the week ending June 2nd ; with some fluctuations it went up to 68° in July, and remained
above 6o° until the middle of September (week ending September 15th). The deaths
from cholera registered during each of the 16 weeks were 9, 22, 42, 49, 124, 152, 339,
678, 783, 926, 823, 1230, 1272,1663,2026,1682. The mean night temperature of
the Thames fell to 56°; the deaths from cholera to 839 in the week September 16-22 ;
the temperature gradually fell to 38° on the last week of November, when there was only
one death from cholera registered.

The mortality from cholera increases generally in descending the river on the south
side; in Wandsworth it was at the rate of 100 in 10000 inhabitants, in Lambeth 120,
St. Saviour 153, St. Olave 1 8 1 , Bermondsey 161, Rotherhithe 205, where the water
was perhaps most impure, Greenwich 75, where it had lost some of its impurities.

On the north side, commencing at the highest part of the river, the mortality from
cholera was, in Kensington 33, Chelsea 46, Belgravia 28, Westminster 68, St. Martin-
in-the-Fields 37, Strand 35, West London (on the old Fleet Ditch) 96, London city 38.
East London 45, Whitechapel 64, St. George in the East 42, Stepney 47, Poplar 71,
The mortality trom cholera in the three sub-districts of Stepney, adjoining the Thames
was twice as great as in the two districts away from the river. The result is here
disturbed by elevation. No good analysis has been made of the Thames water at
different points of its course ; but the matter in suspension is perhaps greatest between
London Bridge and Limehouse Reach, against Rotherhithe.

The seven districts of London in which the mortality is highest from ordinary causes,
are the West London District (between Smithfield and the Thames), St. Saviour,
Whitechapel, St. George in-the-East, Chelsea, St. Olave, and Rotherhithe. They all
adjoin the Thames.

Mr. Glaisher, of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, was requested to make an
estimate of the amount of vapour raised by evaporation from the Thames in London, and
favoured the Registrar-General with the subjoined statement: —

“ For some years past I have made daily experiments upon the amount of water evaporated from a
surface of water, and the amount exceeded 30 inches annually.

“ A depth of water of fully 30 inches must evaporate from the surface of the Thames annually ; in-
deed the quantity must be larger than this from the circumstance of its relative high night temperature.
Take it, however, at 30 inches, and we shall have —

2 ‘5 X 9 X 4840 = 108900 cubic feet evaporated in a year from an area of water of one acre.

~o°^6°5 = ^7®5°5 9att°ns °f water evaporated in one year from an acre of water.

108900 X 2245 = 244,480,500 cubic feet of water evaporated from asurface of 2245 acres of water

in one year.

= 1 , 5 23 , 242 , 99 1 gallons of water evaporated in one year from a surface of water of

2245 acres in extent, or more than 1523 millions of gallons. The salt water affects the water at Wool-
wich: it is usually what is termed brackish there. Lieut. Sanders states that at Greenwich, at high-
water spring tides, the water is frequently brackish.

“ The dirt and filth in solution must be very large. The ‘ Dreadnought ’ experiments are made under
my direction chiefly, and 1 can assure you that to read the instruments is a serious affair, owing to the filth
of the waters ; on first pulling them up they are covered with a slimy adhesive mud ; they first have to
be wiped, and if the wind is blowing strongly, this muddy water is blown about and over the observer.

lx The London Water Companies.

A new trunk is now being made, with a perforated copper-bottrm turning d lwnwards upon hinges, so as
to get rid of the enormous deposit.”

Upon Mr. Glaisher’s estimate, 678505 gallons evaporate from an acre of water in a
year, which is at the rate of 1 8 5 7 ' 6 gallons daily. The bed of the Thames in London
is estimated approximately at 2245 acres; consequently 4,1 70,000 gallons are raised
from the Thames on an average daily through the year. The quantity evaporated at low
water is, perhaps, much less than this; on the other hand, the evaporation in summer
is more active than in winter; and the proportion of decomposing organic matter in the
water, and on the banks exposed to evaporation, is greater at low than at high water.
Hence, it is probuble that in summer 4 million gallons, or about 18000 tons of wuter,
are raised from the polluted Thames daily and discharged into the atmosphere which is
breathed by the inhabitants of London. It remains to determine how much of the
organic matter in the water is raised with the vapour at different temperatures.

London derives its supply of water for washing, cleansing, cooking, and drinking, to
a small extent from wells; 18 districts have supplies from the ri\er Amwell, and from
the Lea, a tidal tributary of the Thames; two districts from the Ravensbourne ; and
18 districts from the Thames, at five points of its course. The water is generally pumped
by steam-power into water-butts or reservoirs in the houses, at interva's of one, two,
or three days. As the water is of very different degrees of impurity, it will now be right
to state the fatality of cholera in the several water districts of London, arranged under
the companies by which the water is furnished.

Grand Junction Company. — The waters of the Thames at Keio chiefly supply the
sub-districts of Paddinston, Hanover-square, and May Fair, and the greater part of the
district of St. James Westminster. The mortality from cholera was at the rate of 9 in
10000 inhabitants.

West Middlesex Company. — The waters of the Thames at Hammersmith supply
Marylehone and a small part of Hampstead. The mortality from cholera was at the
rate of 17 in roooo inhabitants in Marylebone. In Hampstead the mortality was 8 in
10000.

Chelsea Water Company. — The waters of the Thames at Battersea , much below
Battersea Bridge and below the Chelsea Hospital, supply the Belgrave sub-district of
St. George Hanover-square, and the districts of Chelsea and Westminster. The mor-
tality from cholera was at the mean rate of 47 in 10000 inhabitants; in the Belgrave
sub-district the deaths from cholera were 28, in Chelsea 46, in Westminster 68 in
10000 inhabitants.

Southwark Water Company — The waters of the Thames at Battersea — still lower
down the river — supply the districts of Wandsworth, St. Olave, and Bermondsey. The
mortality from cholera was at the rate of 147 in 10000. In Wandsworth the mortality
was 100, in St. Olave 181, in Bermondsey 161, in 10000.

Lambeth Water Company and Southwark Water Company. — The waters of the
Thames between Waterloo Bridge and the Hungerford Suspension Bridge , supply
parts of the districts of Lambeth, St. Saviour, St. George Southwark, Newington, and
Camberwell; the other parts of these districts being supplied from Battersea by the
Southwark Company. The mortality from cholera was at the rate of 136 in 10000.
In the district of Lambeth the mortality was 120, St. Saviour 153, St. George South-
wark 164, Newington 144, Camberwell 97, in 10000.

Southwark and East Kent Water Companies. — Rotherhithe is supplied with water
partly by the litanies at Battersea and by the Ravensbourne— and partly from ditches
and wells, into some of which the drains and cesspools soak. The mortality from cholera
was at the rate of 205 in 10000 inhabitants.

East London Water Company. — The Lea supplies the districts of Poplar, Stepney,
Bethnal Green, St. George-in-the-East, and Whitechapel with water. The mortality
from cholera was at the rate of 63 in 10000 inhabitants; and 71, 47, 90, 42 and 64 in
each of the 5 districts.

New River H ater Company. — The Amwell and the Lea supply Islington, St. Luke,
Clerkenwell, London City, West London, East London, Ilolborn. St. Giles, the Strand,
St. Martin-in-the-Ficlds. The mwtn mortality from cholera was at the rate of 41 in

Elevation. lxi

ioooo inhabitants ; the mortality was least in Clerkenwell (19), near the head reservoir ;
greatest (96) in West London, on the edge of the Thames.

Kent Water Company. — The waters of the Ravensbourne supply Greenwich, where
the mortality from cholera was 75 in ioooo inhabitants; and parts of Lewisham, where
the cholera was at the rate of 30 in ioooo inhabitants.

Two or more companies supply some districts. The district of St. James Westminster
is supplied by the Kew and the New River waters : the mortality from cholera was 16
in ioooo inhabitants; Kensington is supplied by the West Middlesex, the Chelsea and
the Grand Junction Companies ; -the mortality from cholera was 33 in ioooo. St. Pan-
eras is supplied by the New River, Hampstead, and the West Middlesex Companies;
the mortality from cholera was 22 in ioooo. Shoreditch and Hackney are supplied by
the New River and the East London Companies; the mortality in the two districts from
cholera was 76 and 25 in ioooo.

Arranging-the groups of districts in the order of mortality, it appears that the mor-
tality from cholera was lowest in districts which have their water chiefly from the
Thames so high in its course as Hammersmith and Kew. Upon the other hand, the
mortality was greatest in the districts which derive their water from the Thames so low
down as Battersea and the Hungerford Bridge. The districts of the New River occupy
an intermediate station.

In the 6 districts -which are supplied with water taken from the Thames at Kew and
Hammersmith, 15 in ioooo inhabitants died from cholera; and the mortality ranged
from 8 to 33.

In the 20 districts which are supplied with water from the Amwell, the Lea, and the
Ravensbourne, 48 in ioooo inhabitants died of cholera ; and the mortality ranged from
19 to 96.

In the 12 districts which are supplied with water taken from the Thames between
Battersea and the Waterloo Bridge, 123 in ioooo inhabitants died of cholera; and the
mortality ranged from 28 to 205.

In the second group of districts cholera was three times as fatal; in the third, eight
times as fatal, as it was in the first: 1, 3 and 8, express the relative virulence of the
epidemic in the three conditions. The density of the population was greatest in the
central group, and nearly the same in the first and third group ( u ).

LONDON.— ELEVATION.

The elevation of the soil in London has a more constant relation with the mortality
from cholera than any other known element. The mortality from cholera is in the
inverse ratio of the elevation. The mortality of the 19 highest districts was at the rate
of 33 in ioooo, and of the 19 lowest districts 100 in ioooo. The elevation in the
two groups was as 71 to 10 feet above the high-water mark of the Thames, or as 7 do
1 ; while the mortality was as 1 to 3, or in the inverse ratio. In the two groups of the
6 districts, supplied with the waters of the Thames at Kew and Hammersmith, the

O)

LONDON.

Deaths from

Density of

Elevation in
Feet above High
Water Mark,
(Trinity).

Annual Value
of Houses
(Year ending
April 5th, 1 843).

Grouf of Districts.

Cholera to
10000 Persons
Living.

(Persons to an
Acre).

6 Districts supplied with Water taken 1
from the Thames above Battersea}

15

72

105

£.

82

20 Districts supplied with Water from j
the New River, the Lea, and the V
Ravensbourne J

48

137

42

44

12 Districts supplied with Water taken 1
from the Thames, between Batter-
sea and Waterloo Bridges . .J

123

73

5

31

lxii Elevation.

mean elevation was 35 and 175 feet, the mortality from cholera 19 and 11 in 10000.
In the two groups of 12 districts, supplied with the Thames water between the
Battersea and Waterloo Bridges, the mean elevations were \ foot and 10 feet ; the
mortality 168 and 77 in 10000. In the two groups of 20 districts, supplied with
the waters of the New River and the Lea, the mean elevation was 24 and 59-$ feet ; the
mortality from cholera was 59 and 37. While the effects of the water and of the wealth
of the districts are apparent, they do not, in this analysis, conceal the effects of elevation.

Cholera was excessively fatal in all the four districts which lie on a level with, or
below the Trinity high-water mark; it destroyed 144, 161, 164, and 205, in 10000
inhabitants. In the five districts which lie 2 to 4 feet higher, on an average, the mor-
tality from cholera was at the rate of 68, 97, 120, 153, and 181 in 10000. Westminster
experienced the lowest mortality (68) in the 9 low districts, and it is supplied with water
by the Chelsea Company ; while all the other districts are supplied by the Lambeth and
Southwark Companies. In 10 districts, of an elevation of 50 feet and upwards, the mortality
from cholera was at the rate only of 8, 8, 17, 19, 22, 22, 25, 35, 35, and 53. The mor-
tality from cholera was not higherthan 35, except in the district of St. Giles, which is an
exceptional case : its elevation being 68 feet above the Thames, and the mortality from
cholera at the rate of 53 in 10000. It is a mixed district, and contains in near
proximity the British Museum, Bedford Square, Russell Square, and Great Russell
Street, where no death from cholera occurred ; and Church Lane, — a low, damp, dirty
lane, generally covered with decaying vegetables, and filled with a wretched population,
where thirty deaths from cholera happened, in addition to its quota of 109 patients
who from all parts of the district, were sent to, and died from cholera in, the Union
workhouse.*

Notwithstanding the disturbance produced by the operation of other causes, the
mortality from cholera in London bore a certain constant relation to the elevation of the
soil, as is evident when the districts are arranged by groups in the order of their altitude.
We place the districts together which are not on an average 20 feet above the Thames,
and find that on this bottom of the London basin the mortality was at the average rate of
102 in 10000 : in the second group, at 20 and under 40 feet of elevation, or on the second
terrace, the mortality from cholera was at the rate of 65 in 10000 ; in the third group,
or on the third terrace, 40 to 60 feet high, the mortality from cholera was at the rale of
34 in 10000 ; in the fourth group, 60 to 80 feet high, the mortality from cholera was at
the rate of 27 in 10000; in the fifth group, 80 to 100 feet high, the mortality was at
the rate of 22 in 10000 ; in a district 100 feet high, the mortality was 17 in 10000 ;
in Hampstead, about 350 feet high, the mortality was 8, or deducting a stranger in-
fected at Wandsworth, but who died there, 7 in 10000.

By ascending from the bottom to the third terrace, the mortality is reduced from 102
to 34 ; by ascending to the sixth terrace it is reduced to 1 7 (tc). It will be observed, that
the number representing the mortality on the third terrace is one-third of the number
1 02, representing the mortality on the first, and that the mortality on the sixth terrace is
one-sixth part of the mortality on the first. And a series approximating nearly to the

* See Report on Church Lane and its vicinage in the Journal (Yol. xi., p. 4, 1848) of the
Statistical Society of London. See also in the same volume a valuable paper on St. Giles's district,
by Horace Maun, Esq., Uarrister-at-Law.

(*)

Elevation of
Districts, in feet.

Number of
Terrace
from
bottom.

Deaths from
Cholera in
10000 Inhab-
itants.

Calculated
.Series (1.)

Feet.
20 —

I

102

If = 102
51

20—40

2

65

40 — 60

3

34

if = 34

60 — 80

4

27

If = 26

80 — 100

5

22

lf= 20

100 — 120

6

17

= 17

340 — 360

18

7

W = 6

Elevation.

lxiii

numbers representing the mortality from cholera, is obtained by dividing 102 succes-
sively by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

A comparison of the numbers of this series with the actual mortality experienced in
each district, will serve to indicate roughly as much of the effect as is due to elevation ;
and the deviations from the scale are generally explained by the other elements of the
problem.

The mortality from cholera on the ground under 20 feet high being represented by 1,
the relative mortality in each successive terrace is represented by -J-, i, -L, x, -i; or the
mortality on each successive elevation is -f, £, -§-, &c. of the mortality on the terrace

immediately below it.

The elevation of the five terraces may be represented by 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 feet. The
elevations of the two higher districts are 100, and 350 feet. It will be observed that the
mortality at 100 feet is 17, at 50 feet 34 in 10,000; consequently at half the elevation
the mortality is doubled. The half of 50 feet is 25 feet; and the double of the mor-
tality, 34, is 68. Now observation gives 65 in 10000 as the mortality at 30 feet of eleva-
tion. As the processes of dividing the elevation, and of multiplying the mortality by 2,
may be carried on ad infinitum , it is evident that the mortality is not strictly in the in-
verse ratio of the heights of the soil; otherwise at the elevations 12*5, 6'25, 3*125
feet, the mortality would be 136, 272, 544.

Let e be any elevation within the observed limits o and 350, and c be the average
rate of mortality from cholera at that elevation ; also let e' be any higher elevation, and
c' the mortality at that higher elevation. Then if the mortality from cholera is inversely
as the elevation, we shall have the proportion

e>

c — -
' e

c .

By adding a constant element, a, the velocity at which the mortality increases, par-
ticularly at the lower elevations, can be retarded to any extent. The equation then
1 a

assumes the form (1) . c' = c. The value of a can be most readily obtained

6 d

by taking e' = 90, where the mortality was 22 ; and e = o, where in three districts on
a level with the Thames at high water the mortality was 177 in 10000 on an average.

g c

From Eq. 1 the value of a in general terms is found to be a = — .

Inserting the above numbers, we have

a = 9° X 22 - o X 177 = = i2.8

177—22 • f l x 55

As the series is not perfectly uniform, different values of a are obtained from the for-
mula ; and 1 3 is an intermediate value of a, which has been employed in the construc-
tion of the annexed Table, by making e successively o, 5, 10, 15, . . . no, 150,

200, 250, 300, 350, in the equation —

c = 9° + 13 . 22 = 103 X 22 _ 2266

e + 13 e+ 13 e + 13

Upon comparing the numbers of this series with the mean mortality observed in the
districts at eight different elevations, it will be observed that the only considerable discre-
pancy is at the mean elevation (20 — 40) assumed to be 30 feet. The excess of mor-
tality is in Wandsworth, West London, and Bethnal Green.

Mean Elevation

of the ground

Mean Mortality

Calculated

above the High-

from Cholera.

Series.

water Mark.

O

177

174

IO

102

99

30

65

53

5°

34

34

70

27

27

90

22

22

IOO

17

20

—

—

—

35°

7

6

lxiv

Elevation.

The houses necessarily raise the people of London above the ground ; and if their
habitat, day and night, is on an average 13 feet above the ground level, it is evident
that the mortality within the limits observed, is in the inverse ratio of the elevations
at which the people live. The causes of the discrepancies in particular districts are
partly explained by differences in the wealth of the people and other causes which may
now be noticed ( y ) ( z ).

(y) London Districts, arranged according to tlie Elevation of their Soil.

Number

of

Districts.

Elevation in
Feet

above Trinity
High-water
Mark.

OBSERVED AVERAGE.

Annual Mortality
to 10000 Persons living.

Number of Persotis to

Average Annual
Value of

Poor Rate
in the £
of House-
rent
1842-43.

Cholera
0 849).

All Causes
(1838-44).

An Acre.

A House.

Houses.

House and
Shop room
to each
Person.

£.

£.

16

Uuder 20 ft.

102

251

74

6-8

3i

4-645

•072

7

0

1

o

n

65

237

105

7-6

56

7-358

•071

8

40 — 60

34

235

184

8-5

64

7’342

•056

3

60 — 80

27

236

152

8-8

52

6-374

•049

2

80 — 100

22

2 1 1

44

7*7

38

5-183

•036

I

IOO

17

227

102

9-8

7i

7-586

•043

I

35°

8

202

5

7'2

40

5-804

* #

Mean of 38 Districts.

66

24O

107*

7-6

46

5-985

•064

All Loudon • •

62

252

29*

7

40

5*419

•063

* The difference between the number of peisons to an acre in the mean of 38 districts, and in all London, as separately
calculated, arises in consequence of several districts of large area being thrown into the divisor in the latter case, while
the effect of taking the mean of 38 districts is to render the population of each district of equal amount.

(z) London. — Mean Mortality from Cholera at different Elevations; reduced from the observations

to a regular series.

Elevation
in feet

above Trinity
High-water
mark on the
Thames.

e + 13

Deaths from Cholera to
10000 Inhabitants.

Increase of Mortality in
descending five feet.

Calculated

c.

Observed

(a\erage.)+

Rate of In-
crease =r.

Increase
per Cent.

IOO

113

20

17

1-0463

4-6

95

108

21

1-0485

4-8

90

103

22

22

1*05 IO

5*1

85

98

23

1-0538

5-4

80

93

24

• •

1-0568

5*7

75

88

26

1 • 0602

6*o

70

83

27

27

1 -0641

6 4

65

78

29

1 -0685

6*9

60

73

31

1-0735

7*4

55

68

33

I*°794

7*9

5°

63

36

34

1 -0862

8-6

45

58

39

1-0943

9"4

40

53

43

1 ’ 1042

io#4

35

48

47

1-1163

ir-6

30

43

53

65

1-1316

13-2

25

38

60

1-1515

15-2

20

33

69

1*1786

17-9

15

28

81

1-2174

21*7

10

23

99

102

1-2776

27-8

5

18

126

• .

1-3846

38-5

O

13

174

177

* *

f The observed average is obtained by taking the mean height of districts at the elevation 10-40 feet at 30, those at
40 GO at 30, See. Sec.

Elevation. lxv

DIAGRAM

the average mortality from cholera was 22 in roooo inhabitants.

The relation discovered between the elevation of the soil, and the mortality from
cholera, is so important that it was thought right after the above calculations were
made to submit the principle to another test, by comparing the elevation and the mor-

'xvi London : Density , Wealth , and Poverty.

(ality from cholera of each sub-district. The population of the sub-districts in 1851
having been enumerated, it became possible to construct the Tables in subsequent pages
(pp. clxvi-ix) ; which, although it makes the mortality on the lowest level less, and is de-
ranged by the deaths in hospitals and workhouses, entirely confirms the announced law.

LONDON.— DENSITY.

Density of population within the limits of the London districts is a less important
element than elevation of soil. For in the table (1) where the districts are arranged
in the order of the mortality from cholera, the density is least on the average in the
1 9 districts where the mortality from cholera is greatest. The wealth of the 19 districts,
represented by the rental of the houses, and the elevation of the sod, here completely
mask the effects of density ; the mortality in the wealthiest and densest distiicts is less
than it should be by the elevation scale (a).

The districts in the same table (1) are thrown into three groups, distinguishing the
sources of water supply ; and there the density is invariably greatest in the groups of
highest mortality from cholera.

Again, in table 3, where the districts are arranged in the order of density, the 19
densest districts had 178 inhabitants to an acre, and the mortality from cholera was at
the rate of 71 in 10000 inhabitants; while in the 19 least dense districts, where the
inhabitants were only 34 to an acre, the mortality was 61 in 10000 inhabitants.
A five-fold increase of density (from 34 to 178) was accompanied by an increase
of one-sixth in the mortality ; which may however be caused by the difference in the
elevation and wealth of the two groups of districts. In the New River districts and
the districts supplied with the waters of the Thames below Battersea the mortality from
cholera is greatest in the densest districts ; but those districts are also the lowest and
the poorest. In all the 6 districts supplied by the water of the Thames, from Kew and
Hammersmith, the mortality from cholera is low ; but the mortality is lowest in the three
densest districts which happen to be only half as wealthy as the rest. The following
table seems to indicate that the mortality from cholera increases to the density of
150 persons to an acre, and then decreases to 250 — 284 to an acre. But it will be
seen that the elevation and wealth interfere with the results, the two latter groups
being much above the average in both respects. The great drains and ditches are also
generally left open until the density of the population becomes considerable ; and this
ought to be taken into account; but we have not yet the means of showing the area of
uncovered drains left in the different parts of London ( b ) p. lxvii.

LONDON.— WEALTH AND POVERTY.

Wealth appears to influence the mortality of cholera. Under the income tax a
return was made of the annual value of houses which serve indirectly to indicate the
wealth of the inhabitants. Shops and some public buildings, returned under this head,
disturb the results; but the division of the value of the homes of a district by their
number, or by the number of inhabitants, shows the relative wealth of the dis-
tricts better than any of the other indirect tests at our disposal. Wealth represents
food, lodging, clothing, cleanliness, medical advice in sickness to a certain extent, as
large masses of people supply themselves with these necessaries in proportion to their
means.

(a)

Elev.it ion,

1 Mortality from Cholera.

Density,
or Number
of Persons to
an Acre.

Average
Annual
Value
of Houses

in Feet.

By Observ-
ation.

By Elevation
Scale.

• £.

*5

106

81

96

30

1

6s

26

29

117

62

lxvii

Wealth and Poverty.

If the 19 wealthiest districts are compared with the 19 poorest districts, the mor-
tality from cholera is found to be inversely as the wealth, measured by the value of
house-room (e).

The value of house-room is as 8 ’140 to 3*831 in the two groups, while the cholera
was in the inverse ratio of 43 to 90. In the three groups arranged to show the effect
of water supply, it will also be found that the poorest population suffered most from
cholera as well as from ordinary causes ; but that the influence of wealth on cholera
was greatest in the districts which experienced the fewest deaths in ordinary years, and
were supplied with Thames water from Kew and Hammersmith.

Elevation however interferes considerably with these results. If the 10 districts not
differing greatlv in elevation, but all lying on an average under 10 feet, are arranged in
the order of wealth, this singular result is obtained — that the five poorest districts ex-
perienced the least average loss from cholera. The mortality from cholera in 10000
was 151m the 5 richest, and 122 in the 5 poorest districts.

At the higher elevation of 10 to 50 feet there are 18 districts. The average value of
houses in the 9 wealthiest, and the 9 poorest districts was io’282 l. and 3*7 37 A ; the
mortality from cholera was 47 and 53 in 10000. The rent of house-room was as 3 to
1, and the mortality differed only one-eighth part. The mortality from ordinary causes
differed to nearly the same extent; it was at the rate of 223 and 256 in 10000.

Ten districts are at elevations of 50 feet and upwards ; the average value of house-
room was 7-199/. 'n l'ie 5 richest, and 4-907/. in the 5 poorest districts. The mortality
from cholera in the same districts was 21 and 28 in 10000; greatest therefore in the
poorest districts. The general mortality was at the rate of 227 and 226 in 10000.

Under these circumstances I find it impossible at present to establish any definite
relation between the various degrees of wealth and of the mortality of cholera, further
than that in districts of some elevation wealth does exert a certain influence on the
mortality both of cholera and of ordinary causes.

( b ) Districts of London classed in the order of their Density of Population.

Densitv.

Average

Number

of

Districts.

Persons
to an Acre.

Elevation
in Feet.

Annual
Value
of House
and Shop
room to
each Person.

Annual Mortality to 10000
persons Living.

Cholera, 1849.

All Causes
(1838-44.)

12

O — 50

55

£

5*304

66

215

8

50 — IOO

27

7*142

52

236

6

100 — 150

29

6*730

104

248

4

150 — 200

23

3-641

87

274

6

200 — 250

5r

6*585

42

26l

2

''d*

00

1

O

VA

46

6-099

40

251

(0

Average Value

Annual Mortality

Of Houses.

Of House
and Shop
room to each
Person.

From

Cholera,

1849.

From
all Causes,

1838-44.

Elevation,
in Feet.

19 Wealthiest Districts

£.

66

£.

8*140

43

226

61

19 Poorest Districts .

26

3-831

90

254

20

f2

lxviii Coincident Mortality of Cholera and of other Diseases.

In the annexed Table the districts of different degrees of wealth are classed in order ;
and it will be seen that the differences of mortality maybe in a great measure accounted
for by the column of elevation ( d ).

LONDON.— MORTALITY FROM ORDINARY CAUSES.

The ordinary mortality of the districts of London has been deduced from the returns
of 1838-44 and the Census of 1841. There is a certain relation between the degrees
of mortality from ordinary causes and the mortality from cholera. The mean mortality
of 1 9 districts in which the mortality is the highest from ordinary causes, was at the rate
of 268 in 10000; the mean mortality of the other 19 districts was 212 in 10000. The
mortality from cholera was at the rate of 84 and 48 in the same two groups of districts ;
there was a density of 1 5 5 and 57 persons to an acre ; and the elevation was in the inverse
order of 26 and 55 feet. When the districts supplied with the same water are placed
together in three groups, the general mortality, the mortality from cholera, and the density
of population, are in similar direct ratios; the elevation is in the inverse ratio. There
is a very constant relation between the mortality from ordinary causes and the density of
population. This has been shown before, and is illustrated in the annexed Table. The
value of houses also increases generally with the density; hut it is only within certain
limits ; for the densest are here the poorest districts ( e ).

(d) London Districts, arranged according to the Annual Value of House and Shop room to each

Person.

Number

of

Annual Value of
House and Shop
room to each
Person.

Average

Elevation

Average

Density.

Average Annual
Mortality to 10000
Persons living.

Districts.

Feet.

Persons to
an Acre.

Cholera

(1849).

All Causes
(1838-44).

! 6

£.

2-5 — 3-5

17

u8

98

259

8

3*5 — 4*5

23

93

83

25 1

10

4*5 — 5 ‘5

30

85

73

234

! 3

5’5 — 6-5

157

154

32

246

3

6-5 — 7-5

29

160

67

262

1

7-586

100

102

17

227

1

8-875

19

65

28

194

*

9’349

76

32

8

i97

I

11-844

35

81

37

240

I

12-669

43

222

l6

212

I

16-754

49

57

8

179

I

17-676 ,

38

129

38

214

(e) London Districts. — Arranged in the order of the Mortality from all Causes.

No. of
Districts.

Annual Deaths
from all Caus?s to
louoo Inhabitants.

(1838 — 44.)

Avebaof.

Annual
Deaths from
Cholera to
10000

Inhabitants.

(1849.)

Elevation in
Feet above
Thames
High-water
mark.

Density, or
Persons to
an Acre.

Annual Value
of House and
Shop room to
each Person.

7

Und>T 200

42

36

27

i

7*640 ;

5

200—2 25

2 r

120

89

9-303

J I

225—250

63

30

93

5 ’430

7

250 275

86

30

174

4-290

8

275 & upwards

103

‘7

147

4-703

Why is Cholera Fatal in Low Places ?

lxix

CONDITIONS IN WHICH CHOLERA IS MOST FATAL.

It has been shown in the general analysis of the returns from the whole kingdom,
that cholera has not only been most fatal in the low, and least fatal in the high parts of
the country, hut that the fatality has diminished proportionally as the dwellings of the
population have been raised above the sea level. The epidemic began and was most
fatal in the ports on the coast ; and in ascending the rivers step by step, we saw it grow
less and less fatal. It became probable that a certain relation existed between elevation
and the power of cholera to destroy life. The more exact information which we possess
respecting the London districts establishes this connexion beyond doubt. The relation
may not be expressed by the same figures in other places, or in London at other times,
but it will always be the general rule that the mortality of cholera is inversely as the
elevation of the people assailed above the sea level.

Mere density of population had not the same direct effect of increasing the mortality
in this disease as in others; for in many inland towns, and in high, dense parts of
London, the mortality was slight or inconsiderable. Neither does the mortality from
cholera vary in the London districts in any ratio of the density. Still density and
numbers of people are not to be lost sight of; for the cholera was not fatal to many in-
habitants of thinly peopled, though low and marshy parts; while in such localities it
was very fatal in nearly all towns. The law is, that the mortality in toivns of some-
extent and density is inversely as the elevation.

The wealth of different places differs in amount and distribution. The differences
in wealth and poverty probably have an effect on the mortality. But abstracting the
indirect effect through the seleciion of sites and the supply of water, the great differ-
ences in the wealth of the London districts do not enable us to detect a very marked or
constant influence of this element on the mortality from cholera. In the country at
large there is no reason to believe that the wealth of the iniiabitants increases as we
ascend the high grounds which the cholera left unscathed. The reverse is probably
the fact.

Elevation of the land involves several conditions which have an important effect
on life and health. As we ascend, the pressure of the atmosphere diminishes, the tem-
perature decreases, the fall of water increases, the vegetation varies, and successive
families of plants and animals appear in different zones of elevation. The waters roll
along the surface of the rocks, or filter through them and the porous strata of the earth
to burst out below — the sources of rivers, or of tributaries which carry disintegrated
rocks, with the remains and excretions of vegetables, animals, or men, in every stage of
decomposition. The deposits in stagnant places, and at the estuaries, show the kind
and quantity of mixed matter which the laden rivers carry down and deposit on the
low margins of the sea at the tidal confluences of the fresh and salt waters.

If we take a series of towns on a river it is evident that the refuse matter of the first
town will pass through the second ; of the first and second through the third ; of the first,
second, and third through the fourth ; and so on to the lowest town, which will be
traversed by all the unevaporated and unwasted organic matter that has found its way
into the waters on their way to the ocean. As the transformation of decaying organic
matter into inorganic and innoxious elements is constantly going on, it will be in many
cases completely decomposed in its course. What has been said of the refuse of towns
will apply to the leaves of the forests, and to vegetable remains of all kinds.

As the rivers descend, the fall of their beds often grows less, and the water creeps
sluggishly along, or oozes and meanders through the alluvial soil. The drainage of the
towns is difficult on the low ground, and the impurities lie on the surface, or filter into
the earth. The wells and all the waters are infected. Where the houses are built
on hill sides and elevations, as in London, the sewage of each successive terrace flows
through the terrace below it, and the stream widens, the ground becomes more charged,
every successive step of the descent, until it is completely saturated in the parts lying
below the high-water mark.

The river, the canals, the docks, and the soil of a port may be viewed as a large basin
full of an almost infinite variety of organic matters, undergoing infusion and distillation

Lxx Physical Effects of Elevation.

at varying temperatures; and as the aqueous vapour which is given off ascends, it will
be impregnated with a quantity of the products of the chemical action going on below,
variable in amount, but necessarily greatest in the lowest and foulest parts. The
emanations, mixing with the superincumbent atmosphere, ascend like smoke ; but at
the same time become less and less dense by dilution and by the gradual destructive
decomposition. A glass vessel, perforated by small holes, filled with pure water,
and dipped into a coloured solution, might give a good idea of the atmosphere of such a
town ; the coloured solution flowing down the sides would grow thicker by every
accession of colouring matter, as it descended, and at the same time colour the water
above with a tint deepening in intensity. Or if the river basins of the country were
quite smooth and even, the sides descending rapidly at first and then slowly, the fall
over the whole face of the country of rain flowing in thicker and thicker sheets as it
descended, would present a good image of the phenomena ; but perhaps not so vivid
as the vapour which, when the rain ceased, would arise from the wet and saturated soil
in every degree of density, from the thickest fog round the marshy bottom to the
thinnest mist upon the hills.

From an eminence on summer evenings, when the sun has set, exhalations are often
seen rising at the bottoms of valleys, over rivers, wet meadows, or low streets ; the thickness
of the fog diminishing and disappearing in upper air. The evaporation is most abundant
in the day ; but so long as the temperature of the air is high, it sustains the vapour in
an invisible body, which is, according to common observation, less noxious while
penetrated by sunlight and heat, than when the watery vapour has lost its elasticity,
and floats about surcharged with organic compounds in the chill and darkness of
night.

The amount of organic matter, then, in the atmosphere we breathe, and in the
waters, will differ at different elevations, and the law which regulates its distribu-
tion, will bear some resemblance to the law regulating the mortality from cholera at
the various elevations. It has been seen how rapidly in London the mortality from
cholera diminishes a few feet above the low ground on a level with the Thames, while
several feet of elevation in higher regions produces no sensible effect. The same thing
holds in drainage. The ground on a level with the outlet cannot be drained at all,
while a few feet of elevation make drainage practicable, efficient, and easy. And
the law holds that while a few feet of elevation are so important near the outlet,
they are of little or of no importance on the higher lands of the country. The diagram
at page Ixv represents roughly the facilities of drainage, as well as the mortality from
cholera at the several elevations.*

It is established by observation that cholera is most fatal in the low towns, and in
the low parts of London ; where, from various causes, the greatest quantity of organic
matter is in a state of chemical action ; and it may be admitted that cholera, varying
in intensity with the quantity, is the result of some chanye in the chemical action of
this matter; leaving it open for further inquiry to determine whether, in England,
that change is spontaneous, or the result of ti;e introduction of a zymotic matter from
beyond the seas; whether the poison enters the human frame in air or water, through the
skin, the mucous membrane-;, or the air-cells of the lungs.

If the facts are so, it follows, that cholera will not only be fatal on low ground, but
on high ground, if, from any concurrence of circumstances, the conditions exist there
which are so constantly found in alluvial soils, lying on a level with or below the tidal
waters. Now these conditions did exist in nearly every place severely visited by cholera
on ground much above the sea level; in Salisbury, Merthyr Tv dvil, Bilston, Newcastle-
under-Lyme, and Church-street St. (iiles, London.

The atmospheric pressure and the temperature diminish with the elevation; and
it is easy to conceive that either may exercise considerable influence when the
elevation is considerable. The rarity of the atmosphere, or the perpetual snow on
the Himalaya and the Alps, may be alleged as the causes why the epidemic never

* See Table relative ati Mouvement <le l’ean dan* le* Canaux et lvivicre* : in Levant de Mceanique
Pratique, par A. Morin, J" Partie Hydraidique, p. 71.

Estimated Number of Cholera Attacks. lxxi

crossed their passes. But the barometric column is depressed little more than i-iothof
an inch for an elevation of ioo feet ; the atmospheric pressure therefore is not i-300th
part less at that elevation in London than it is at the water level. The difference in
mean temperature, produced according to the ordinary computation by that elevation,
dojs not exceed 4-ioths of a degree of Fahrenheit’s thermometer.* Both these changes
of temperature and pressure affect the organization, and they may be greater in summer
than in other seasons ; but when it is found that great and sudden changes of heat and
pressure are borne with impunity, and moreover, that cholera has prevailed at different
latitudes in different seasons, it does not appear probable that here these physical changes
had much effect on the fatality of the disease. Besides this, it has been shown that an
elevation of 10 feet above the water level diminishes the mortality from cholera very
considerably ; while a difference of ten feet at the higher elevation of a hundred feet,
has little effect on the mortality of that disease. The variations of temperature and of
pressure follow laws entirely different, and are too slight at elevations differing only ten
feet to be the direct cause of the great difference in the mortality of cholera.

Certain diseases arise when men are crowded together in close dirty gaols, camps,
or hospitals ; when they inhale morbid exhalations, or are placed in contact with others
labouring under such zymotic diseases as small-pox ; and when they reside in marshy
countries. The explanation of the diffusion of cholera by an organic matter is therefore
consonant with what is known of the etiology of other diseases.

It has been shown already that when the cholera invades a place, it generally ad-
vances slowly at first ; then that great numbers are attacked : and at the same time
that many have ail the symptoms of Asiatic cholera, others have cholera of a milder
type: a class still more numerous have choleraic diarrhoea; and great numbers have
disorder of the bowels, sickness, indigestion, and slight cramps. The stated proportion
of deaths from cholera, out of a given number of cases, varies not only with the
malignity of the form and with the medical treatment, but with the definition of the
disease : some taking as cholera only cases in collapse, others including the mildest forms :
the lighter forms of diarrhoea are seldom noticed in medical registers, and rarely come
under medical observation.

Cholera has rarely been fatal in England to more than 1 in 2 attacked ; and it
may be laid down, that for 1 death, not more than 3 persons were attacked »n the
severer way uj- The deaths from cholera in the last 3 months of 1848, and in the year
1849, were 54398 ; the deaths from the disease in 1849 were 53293 ; which may be
taken to represent the deaths in the two years from the Asiatic type, leaving 1105 as
from the common variety. About 160000 persons then may have been attacked by
cholera in England. The population was about 17,541 ,000 in the middle of 1849; so that
17,381,000 of the population escaped attack. The deaths from diarrhoea in 1849 were
18887 ; 3887 may be set down as the result of common diarrhoea, leaving 15000;
and if there are 100 cases to 1 death, the cases induced by the epidemic must have been
1,500,000. Less than x in 10 of the population were attacked by cholera or diarrhoea.
By the table, p. cxxx, it will be seen that in all England 30 died of cholera, 1 1 of diarrhoea
to 10000 living ; of whom, by the previous estimate, 90 must have sustained an attack of
cholera, and 1100 an attack of diarrhoea. In London, upon the same basis, it may be
estimated that 1886 in 10000 inhabitants had an attack either of diarrhoea or cholera.
In Hull, the district in which the mortality was highest, 24 r died of cholera, 40 of
diarrhoea, in 10000 inhabitants; of whom 4723 must have been attacked either by
cholera or diarrhoea. If an exact return of every shade of the disease could be procured,
it is probable that it would be found over a great part of the country in one form or
other — differing not in nature but in intensity ; never in any place attacking all the

* f = j j . 00j e> where e is the elevation in feet, and f the change of temperature in degrees
of Fahrenheit.

f The cases of cholera reported to the Central Board of Health in England, 1831-2, were 82528, the
deaths 31376 ; the mortality was consequently at the rate of 38 deaths to 100 cases.

lxxii Indian Origin of the Cholera.

inhabitants, and, as we have seen, leaving few districts without one or more deaths to
mark its presence.

Under any circumstances it is certain that in this, as in other zymotic diseases, great
multitudes of the people who in one way or other take an average dose of the poison
resist its influence : and it may he admitted that the numbers attacked bear some
proportion to the quantity of the specific matter in the air, water, or earth of the place
where they dwell. This specific matter is known only by its effects; but it has been
shown that the deaths from cholera vary in some proportion to the quantity of organic
matter in the state so commonly observed in the low parts of low towns. Our generali-
zation then goes to this extent, that the cause of cholera is some chemical modification
of organic matter; and here is the great practical fact — that although elevation of habi-
tation, with purity of air and privity of water, does not shut out the cause of cholera ,
it reduces its effects to insignificance.

ORIGIN OF THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC IN THE DELTA OF THE GANGES.

Cholera has prevailed in many parts of the civilized world, and has probably not
spared unexplored regions of whose barbarous inhabitants little or nothing is known.
It appears to have followed everywhere the same general laws; affecting most fatally
the low seaports and the cities near the mouths of rivers, and sparing the inhabitants
of high grounds around the river sources. The physical circumstances of the country
in which cholera first assumed the epidemic form throw great light on the causes of its
mortality in other places. India was at the time covered by an intelligent band of
army medical officers. They were called upon for returns which were made the basis
of official reports, in Bengal by Jameson, a man who like Pringle, kind, Jackson, Blane,
and Martin, had the genius of medical topography ; by Scott in Madras, who drew up a
judicious and able report on the ravages of the disease in that presidency; by Steuard
and Phillips in Bombay. Annesley, Kennedy, and Orton have described and analyzed
the disease; Martin has written a medical topography of the country; so that the
information respecting the origin is more complete in respect to this than to any other
great epidemic.

The Indian epidemic began in the Delta of the Ganges. Mr. Orton thus sums
up the evidence of the Reports : — “ The epidemic had not one but various local
sources in the level and alluvial, the marshy and jungly tract of country which forms
the Delta of the Ganges, and extends fjom thence to the Burrampooter. For here we find
it as early as June, and the beginning of July, 1817, noticed as prevailing to a serious
extent in Nuddea, a province which is stated to he notorious for the disease in its
endemic form, and in Dacca.”* “ Jessore, the place in which the disorder first put
on a very malignant form, is,” says Jameson, “ a crowded, dirty, ill-ventilated town,
surrounded by a thick jungle, and in the rains by an immense quantity of stagnant
water. * * In Sylhet the influence of situation was perhaps more remarkable than in
any other quarter. * * It appeared that the villages in which it raged most extensively
were considered by the natives as comparatively unhealthy and obnoxious to fevers of
the intermittent type ; being exposed to the effluvia arising from marshes and extensive
lakes, in which the Zila abounds, particularly towards the south-west division, where
the greatest number of victims fell. The Sepoy lines, on the contrary, being placed
from sixty to a hundred feet above the general level of the country, had scarcely any
eases excepting such as occurred in persons on guard at the different outports.

“ In Calcutta, again, the disease was, from first to last, most prevalent in the lower
parts of the town and suburbs, as the Bura Bazar, Simeleia, Dyahutta, and Suwah
Bazar; and in the suburbs, the villages of Khidderpore, Bhuwanipore, Manicktolla,
Kurrya, Entally, Chitpore, and Sealdah.

“ These dependencies are everywhere intersected by pools, broad ditches, and channels,
which, being imperfectly drained, are in the rainy season always full of stagnant water
and rank weeds.

• Orton on the Epidemic Cholera, 2nd edition, p. 329.

lxxiii

Theories and Analogies.

“ From this plentiful source of corruption, foul air is constantly given forth ; and as
all ventilation is obstructed by large groves of trees and vegetation of every description,
it is there concentrated until it becomes entirely unfit for the purposes of respiration.

“ The miserable condition of the generality of the inhabitants of these villages is
hardly to be imagined. Each hamlet is made up of many mud or straw huts, generally
from six to twelve feet square, placed so close to each other as to leave scarcely
room to pass between. In every one of these wretched hovels a whole family, some-
times consisting of six or eight persons, resides ; and not unfrequently cows, pigs, and
other domestic animals add to the filth and foul atmosphere in which they abound.
The singularity is not that persons so situated should be more than others subject to
the influence of a prevailing epidemic, but that they should ever be free from maladies
of this description.

“The higher classes of natives, and Europeans generally, inhabiting the better raised
and more airy parts of the town, suffered proportionably less than the lower ranks.”* * * §
Such was the condition of a large part of the dense population in the birthplace
of cholera. The returns of the mortality among the natives are very imperfect ;
but they show that while many thousands perished in Calcutta and the districts on the
Ganges as far as Allahabad, the casualties higher up the river were “ comparatively
fewer: in Agra the deaths did not exceed io daily, although the town contained 30000
people. Not 500 in all died in Muttra; and about a like number died in the immense
city of Delhi.”f

Mr. Jameson and Mr. Scott give other examples of towms and camps on low grounds
suffering severely, and of elevated spots escaping with little loss ; they also cite, excep-
tionally, instances of camps and cities on high ground suffering attacks of great
severity, or of high places escaping for a time and being assailed in after years. The
early Indian returns of mortality were imperfect and often incorrect : the relative eleva-
tion is rarely stated ; it is impossible therefore to determine how far the law deduced
from the English returns regulates the Indian observations. The general result is
summed up by Mr. Jameson in words as precise as the observations justified : —
“ There is abundant proof that in high , dry , and generally salubrious spots, it was
both less frequent in its appearance and less general and jatal in its attacks than in
those that were loiv and manifestly unwholesome.” \

THEORIES AND ANALOGIES.

A cholera, which, in all its leading symptoms, is the same as the epidemic disease,
has existed from time immemorial in Europe and Asia. Cases are related in the earliest
medical writings, and occur sporadically every year in England. The disease in the
epidemic is a variety, well characterised by the duration of the fatal cases. We
call the one variety Summer cholera, the other Asiatic cholera, merely to give them
distinctive names. Wiih the facts before us will any theory account for the pheno-
mena? What is the cause of Summer cholera? What is the cause of the Asiatic
cholera? Why does cholera in one year destroy only a few lives and occur sporadi-
cally, in other years spread successively over the whole world, and destroy a million or
more of the inhabitants in a short space of time? In what way is the malady pro-
pagated ?

This pestilence like others has been ascribed to great phenomena in the heavens and
the earth, which shake the minds of men, and have sometimes happened at the same
epochs, or a few years before or after the ravages. Comets, eclipses, meteors, earth-
quakes, “ violent commotions in the earth’s organism, ”§ besides exciting strong allied
emotions, have some points of analogy with pestilence in their going and coming. A

* Report on Epidemic Cholera Morbus in the Presidency of Bengal, in the years 1817-8-9 (pp. 107-
in), try James Jameson, Esq.

f Pages 174-5.

t I Report on Epidemic Cholera Morbus in the Presidency of Bengal, in the years 1817-8-9 fp, 106)
by James Jameson, Esq.

§ Hecker on Epidemics, translated by B G. Babingtou, M.D. (pp. 1 1-2 1.)

lxxiv

Volcanic Action.

comet as it approaches the earth’s orbit, flames through the firmament, recedes, and
disappears, serves to illustrate as well as a diagram, the rise and decline of an
epidemic ; but no theorist has ever proved that there is any constant connexion between
comets and plagues, much less that there is any coincidence in the succession of their
phenomena.

The theory of volcanic agency has been ingeniously advocated by a recent writer
who has closely studied cholera and other epidemics.* He discovers five points in which
the phenomena of volcanoes and o! pestilences agree, and thus summarily lays them
down as laws: — I. The effects of volcanic and pestilential action are felt along parti-
cular lines of the earth's surface. 2. There is regularity in their progress both chrono-
logically and geographically. 3. The effects of subterranean agency are lesson secondary
than on tertiary strata, while they are seldom witnessed on primary formations. 4. They
are always natch greater and more perceptible near the sea, and oiher collections of
waters, as lakes, rivers, [springs ?j. 5. And, finally, the phenomena of volcanic erup-

tions and pestilence have, in common, a limited duration, periodical returns, and total
cessation in the particular locality after certain definite periods. The theory assumes
that the pestilence is caused by “ poisonous elements generated in subterraneous reser-
voirs, and diffused in the surrounding atmosphere. ’’I The work of Mr. Parkin must
be consulted for the discussion of all the facts which support the theory. The gases and
ashes which escape front volcanoes have been analyzed, but the “ poisonous element ”
has not been identified or detected in places suffering from cholera. Cholera is appa-
rently not more fatal in the immediate neighbourhood of volcanoes thau it is elsewhere,
and its successive outbreaks in the district* of England have not, in 1832 or 1849,
been preceded, accompanied, or followed by any earthquake or visible volcanic phe-
nomena.

Tempests, thunder-storms, showers of rain, the formation o^ clouds, evaporation, and
combustion, present many analogies with the pestilential outbreak. The gentle wind
quickens into a violent tornado, traverses lines of country, prostrates everything in its
course, and then quietly dies away like cholera, to reappear again at intervals and in
other places. The cloud, no bigger than a man’s hand, lies quietly on the sky, spreads,
covers the heavens; a few drops of rain fall, the lightning flashes, the thunders roll, the
waters descend in sheets on the earth; then the tempest subsides and the atmosphere is
more tranquil than it was before, just as the phenomena succeed each other in tin
epidemic. In combustion the fire smoulders for a time, until the whole mass is heated ;
then chemical action is accelerated; the flame bursts out, intense heat is evolved, and the
fire subsides when the combustible material is consumed. Blights and the sudden
development of infusorial and cryptogamic life present so many analogies with
epidemics in the r effects on the vegetable kingdom, their diffusion, and their course,
that they have been by some regarded as the causes of pestilence. i The growth of
grasses also presents a parallel. The cholera in England kept pace in its development
with the wheat plant, which took root in October, germinated in the winter, flowered
in June, filled in July and August, was cut down by the reaper before the lir*t week in
September when cholera was most rife, and would have been dead ripe in October
and November when cholera ceased. Many striking processes of the inorganic as
well as of the organic kingdom, present series of developments which have analogies
with, hut are trot causes of pestilential phenomena. The theorist, however speculative

* “On t lie Influence of Vulcanic Action in the production of Epidemic Diseases,” by John Parkin,
Fellow of the ltoyal Academy of Madiid, &c. &c., 1845. -'If- Parkin's life presents a rare example of

courage and zeal. “ Having,” he says, “ followed the epidemic cholera for some years, and having
paid frequent and oft-repeated visits to districts in which malaria abounds, it has generally happened,
after I have been residing for any time in other and more healthy localities, that 1 was, on my arrival in
an infected district, attacked with the prevailing complaint, no matter whether it was epidemic "or
endemic; that is to say, the cholera, fever, or dysentery,” p. 22. Mr. Parkin was in Loudon in 1849, and
went to Jamaica on the outbreak of the epidemic there. He is a sanguine advocate of the treatment by
carbonic acid gas.
t Pages 39-60, 185.

£ The hypothesis of insect life as a cause of disease is stated with much ingeuuity by Dr. Holland
in liis Medical Notes.

Heat, Electricity, Ozone. lxxv

he is, may. by tracing these analogies, often open the way to a happy generalization,
which admits of practical applications, and is the explanation of the facts.

Heat has a great influence on the intensity of the epidemic cholera, which began on
the verge of the torrid zone, and in the temperate zone has been unquestionably most
fatal in the hot season of the year : there is, however, no constant relation between a
high temperature and this variety of cholera: it does not prevail so frequently in other
hot climates as it does in the East Indies, and it has in some places raged with the
greatest violence in winter, where, however, as in St. Petersburgh, the dwellings are
always heated artificially. As eacli place at different latitudes has its harvest season so
it appears to have its pestilential season.

The hypothesis that Electricity is the cause of cholera has been advanced by recent
writers of ability. Mr. Orton has summed up all the facts and arguments in its
favour.* He suggests rather than asserts that a “ deficiency of electricity,” or a
negative, instead of the more common positive electricity of the at mosphere, is the
“ primary remote cause ” of the epidemic. Mr. Orton, with the candour that marks
bis writings, adds, that if the condition in question “ is absent in a single instance of a
general attack, the theory must fall to the ground.” Many examples of thunder-
storms, and of great electrical disturbances, have been noted in the epidemic years.
Similar disturbances happen in other yeais, and neither Mr. Orton nor any other
writer has succeeded in showing, from observations with the electrometer, that there is
any invariable relation between the progress of electrical phenomena and epidemic out-
breaks of cholera. No importance can be attached to the stories of the inaction of the
electrical machines of certain philosophers, any more than to the isolated observation of
Dr. Prout's barometer in 1832.

Schonbein, the Professor of Chemistry at Basle, has given a new turn to the elec-
trical theory. His experiments and the investigations of De la Bive, Marignac, Ber-
zelius, Erdmann, and Marchand, prove that pure or atmospheric oxygen, on being-
expose 1 to the action of electrical sparks, is transformed into an odoriferous matter,
which he calls ozone ; declared by them to be nothing but an allotropic modification of
oxygen. The results of his recent researches incline him to adopt their view, although
he had previously considered it to be a peroxide of hydrogen. Be this as it may, ozone
is found to be one of the most powerful oxidizing agents yet known. It transforms, in
the cold, silver into the peroxide of that metal ; instantly decomposes sulphuretted or
phosphoretted hydrogen, and acts upon almost all organic substances. He found that
one dose of ozone would disinfect or destroy the smell of 3,240,000 volumes of
atmospheric air saturated with the miasms of putrid flesh. Ozone, in variable quantities,
is incessantly formed bv electrical discharges continually going on in the atmosphere,
and Schonbein’s observations show that its quantity varies in different places, and at the
same place at different times. The. miasmatic matters thrown into the atmosphere
by the infinite number of plants and animals hourly dying in the earth, water,
and air, are, he is disposed to believe, decomposed by ozone, which is simultaneously
destroyed.

Ozone, like chlorine, irritates the lungs, and produced in Schonbein “ a painful
affection of the chest, a sort of asthma, with a violent cough,” which forced him for a
time to discontinue his investigations. Ou comparing his ozonometric observations
with the lists of the catarrhal patient's of several physicians of Basle, they were struck
by the coincidence between the unusual number of catarrhs and his “ blue days,” or
days in which ozone existed in excess in the atmosphere. Schonbein does not think
the question of causation decided, but strongly recommends ozonometric observations.!
Instead of adopting this suggestion, and in the absence of observation, it was argued
by some, when cholera was epidemic in 1849, that an excess of ozone was the cause
of influenza, and that a deficiency of ozone was the cause of cholera!

* Orton on the Epidemic Cholera of India, chap. ix. See, for another hypothesis, Mr. Orton’s chapter
viii., on Sol-lunar influence.

f “ On some Secondary Physiological Effects produced by Atmospheric Electricity,” by C. F. Schon-
bein. Paper communicated to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, by M.
Faraday, D.C.L. ; Transactions, vol. xxxiv. or second series, vol. xvi., 1851, pp. 205-32.

lxxvi

Bad Water.

That ozone exists in the atmosphere and destroys some miasms is probable ; but the
hypothesis itself assumes that a cholera matter exists independently of ozone, by which
it is supposed to be destroyed.

Schonbein, by experiments on the Jura Mountains, ascertained that at 12-1800 feet
above the level of Basle, his ozonometers exhibited higher degrees than they did at
the same time in Basle ; whence he infers that the higher contain less miasmatic matter
than the lower regions of the atmosphere.

Jameson, in the last page of the Supplement to his admirable “Report on Cholera in
Bengal,” after noticing that some of the natives placed “great faith in boiled water as a
preventive,” and that one of the principal native gentlemen of Calcutta ascribed the
“ singular healthiness of his numerous household to his having taken the simple pre-
caution of allowing no water to he drank by them until it had been previously boiled,”
adds: “ Bad water no doubt sometimes immediately induces the disorder; but we
must not suppose it is the sole cause of it.”* * * § This is borne out by some observations
in the Indian Reports; where, however, the sources of the water supply are too seldom
referred to, although a popular belief prevails in many countries of India that it is the
water which produces ague and remittent fever. f Dr. Barnes, who had medical charge
of the district of Jessore in Bengal from i8ioto 1822, but who was absent in part of the
years 1816 and 1817 when the disease assumed the epidemic character, stated in 1831,
that he had there been intimately acquainted with the disease as an endemic. He had
considered it from the first as a disease peculiar to that country and previously unknown,
which had superseded the periodical remittent fever formerly so prevalent. If the
annual storms of violent thunder, lightning, wind, and rain commenced early in March,
and recurred at short intervals until the rainy season began, the hot season (April, May,
June) was, he says, comparatively healthy, and conversely : if the rains broke up at the
ei.d of August, and the waters sank rapidly during September, the cholera commenced
its attack at the beginning of October, carrying death and, desolation among the inha-
bitants until the midfile of December, when the disease in a short time became apparently
extinct. Instead of the usual rainy and dry season, scarcely a week of 1816, in Jessore,
was without rain; the^sun was constantly obscured; the atmosphere close, heavy,
moist ; the thermometer from March to November, ranging between 70 and 95 .
The crowded ill-ventilated native huts are on mounds surrounded with pits, which are
the receptacles of stagnant water, and of every kind of filth. Dr. Barnes asserts unhesi-
tatingly that in these circumstances the Asiatic epidemic was generated from the ex-
halations arising from the decomposition of animal and vegetable mutter and the use of
water in which this process was continually going on. “ These,” he emphatically
declares, “ were the sole cause of this disease.’ %

“ In the autumn of. 1849, Dr. Brittain and Dr. Swayne, of Bristol, considered that
they had discovered the cause of cholera in a minute fungus; and Dr. W. Budd, of the
same city, met with the supposed fungus in various specimens of water used as drink,
in places where the cholera was very prevalent. Ӥ Upon further investigation the
supposed fungi were, by experienced microscopists, pronounced to be other matters ; and
after the able Report of the Committee of the London College of Physicians, the hypo-
thesis was genet ally abandoned.

Dr. Snow, in a paper dated Aug. 29, 1849, advanced a theory of the pathology of
cholera; and it is in many respects the most important theory that has yet been pro-
pounded. Dr. Snow, after endeavouring in a subsequent paper to show that the disease
is propagated by human intercourse, and that it is a local affection of the alimentary
canal, thus states his doctrine: —

“ The induction from these data is that the disease must be caused by something

* Report on Cholera Morbus in Bengal, by James Jameson, p. 32+, Supplement.

■f See Bishop Heber’s Indian Journal, ed. 1843, chap, xvii., p. 253. In a previous |>age (251) is a
good description of the depressing and degrading effects of malaria on man.

4 Letter addressed to Dr. Roupell, Dr. llabington, II. Field, Esq., and J. Ridout, Esq., members of
the London Board of Health, dated Nov. 12, 1831, published in M‘Culloch and Maclaren on Cholera,
pp. 26-35, l85°-

§ Dr. Snow on Cholera, paper read at the Epidemiological Society, 1851.

lxxvii

Dr. Snow's Theory.

which passes from the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal of one patient to
that of the other, which it can only do by being swallowed; and as the disease grows
in a community by what it feeds upon, attacking a few people in a town first, and then
becoming more prevalent, it is clear that the cholera poison must multiply itself by a
kind of growth, changing surrounding materials to its own nature like any other
morbid poison; this increase is the cause of the materies morbi of cholera taking place
in the alimentary canal.

“ The instances in which minute quantities of the ejections and dejections of cholera
patients must be swallowed are sufficiently numerous to account for the spread of the.
disease ; and on examination it is found to spread most where the facilities for this
mode of communication are greatest. Nothing has been found to favour the extension
of cholera more than want of personal cleanliness, whether arising from habit or
scarcity of water, although the circumstance hitherto remained unexplained. The bed-
linen nearly always becomes wetted by the cholera evacuations, and as these are devoid
of the usual colour and odour, the hands of persons waiting on the patient become
soiled, and unless these persons are scrupulously cleanly in their habits, and wash their
hands upon taking food, they must accidentally swallow some of the excretion, and leave
some on the food they handle or prepare, which has to be eaten by the rest of the
family, who, amongst the working classes, often have to take their meals in the sick
room. Hence the thousands of instances in which, amongst this class of the popula-
tion, a case of cholera in one member of the family is followed by other cases: whilst
medical men and others who merely visit the patients, generally escape.

“ With only the means of communication which we have been considering, the
cholera would be constrained to confine itself chiefly to poor and crowded dwellings, and
would be continually liable to die out accidentally in a place, for want of the oppor
tunity to reach fresh victims ; but there is often a way open for it to extend itself more
widely, and that is by the mixture of the cholera evacuations with the water used for
drinking and culinary purposes, either by permeating the ground and getting into wells,
or by running along channels and sewers into the rivers.”*

Dr. Lloyd, on August 30, 1849, at a meeting of the South London Medical Society,
adduced instances of the great mortality from cholera, of people living in Silver-street
and Charlotte-place, Rotherhithe, who got their water from a well and a ditch into
which the privies discharged their contents. The disease was much more fatal in the
parts of Rotherhithe where ditch-water was used, than it was in places which had their
supply from the water-works. Dr. Snow has collected examples in the South London
districts, where the water being derived from deep wells, few cases of cholera occurred ;
and other instances of a great fatality among people living in houses, such as those in
Wandsworth-road, where the contents of the water-closets found their way into the water.
He shows, from a communication by Dr. Shapter, that in 1832 Exeter was supplied
with water taken from the streams of the Exe, into which the sewers emptied them-
selves ; and that subsequently water- works were established on the river, two miles
above the town, and more than twro miles above the tidal range. In three months of
1832 cholera destroyed 347 lives in Exeter; in 1849 it was only fatal to 44 persons,
many of them strangers, who died within three days of their arrival. An opposite
instance is afforded by Hull, which in 1832 was scantily supplied with water from
springs at Anlabv, three miles distant. About seven years since water-works were
established on the river Hull, two miles and three-quarters above its confluence with
the Humber, and afford the town a plentiful supply. But half the sewage of the town is
delivered into the waters of the river Hull, halt into the Humber; the tide flows up the
river many miles past the water-works, and carries with it the contaminated liquids of
the sewers. In 1832 the cholera was confined almost enclusively to the poor, and the
deaths amounted to about 300 ; in 1849 the deaths were 1178, and occurred among all
classes of persons. f Negative and positive instances in other towns are cited by Dr.

* “ On the Pathology and Mode of Communication of Cholera,” by John Snow, M.D. (Paper reprinted
from the London Medical Gazette, pp. 2, 3).

f Dr. Snow, pp. 7, 8. The numbers of deaths in 1849 are from the present returns.

lxxviii The Unclean Water of London and Paris.

Snow; and in their Reports to the Board of Health by Dr. Sutherland and Mr.
Grainger.

Dr. Snow’s theory of the propagation of Asiatic cholera in London is very simple.
The cholera matter was brought to London by patients from Hamburgh ; it was
multiplied in the intestines of infected people until the disease spread in this way all
over the metropolis. It necessarily implies that the rice-water discharges of the
cholera patients may, under the present system of water supply, be distributed
unchanged to nearly every house in London, where water is used for drink, ablu-
tion, and washing. Dr. Snow is unfortunately able to show that this e.vcremental
distribution — almost too revolting and disgusting to write or read — is possible to a very
considerable extent.* * * § The sewers of London run into the Thames and the Lea, from
which a part of the water supply is derived. The water, which the inhabitants ot
London have but the repulsive alternative to discuss in words or to use in fact, is however
baled from the ditches only by the wretched inhabitants of such parts as Jacob’s Island.
It is in one case before distribution pumped up to a distant reservoir at Brixton ; in other
cases it is taken higher up the rivers, largely diluted, or beyond the reach of any but casual
contamination ; filtration is employed ; chemical action, as the chemists on behalf of
their wealthy clients tell us, is incessantly going on, and converting impurities into
simple elements; so that it is only in some places, or in rare circumstances, that the
organic waste can reach and injure the people. Still, in this mitigated form, the risk is
too tremendous to be incurred by two millions and a half of the people, who require
and can obtain an abundance of sweet water.

The supply of Paris is from various sources, hut four-fifths of the water is from the
Canal de l’Ourque, which, by the decision of Napoleon, was also appropriated to
navigation. The water for some years, and in 1832 when the first epidemic was so
fatal, was drawn from the duty basin in which the boats and barges of the canals
rested ; but is now drawn from the canal before it enters the basin. The water in the
Regent’s Canal round London, and in the Cumberland Basin, Regent’s Park, present a
pretty faithful image of the waters of the Canal de l’Ourque, which flow from the foun-
tains, and supply the wants of the Parisians. The water in the Cumberland Basin is
described by l)r. Milroy as “in a most offensive state, and, indeed, no better than that
of a stagnant putrid ditch ;” and a great deal of choleraic disease prevailed among the
men who were employed in the barges, and most of the families living in the houses on
the wharves were more or less affected. ”f The mortality of cholera in Paris was excessive,
and in 1832 varied from 80 of xOOOO inhabitants in the elegant Chaussee d’Antin and
in Montmartre on the heights, to 530 and 520 in the low Quartiers of the Hotel de Ville
and the Cite.J The experience of Paris, then, as well as of many of our own towns,
lends some countenance to Dr. Snow’s theory.

The general argument in favour of the propagation of cholera by infection has been
forcibly stated by Dr. Bryson, who brings facts from the experience of the navy to show
that the existing virus may take effect at the distance of one or two miles, if not further;
and, in contact with inanimate substances, may be conveyed to the distance of many
hundred miles, provided the transit be accomplished within the space of about ten
days.§ Dr. Bryson admits that the question of quarantine is surrounded wiih practical
difficulties, as instances of cholera occurred in several ships of tire Mediterranean
squadron before they had any communication with the shore where the disease was
prevailing. Indeed, on the hypothesis of infection, which assumes that “ an atmosphere
charged with the specific virus emanating from a population labouring under cholera
and choleraic diarrhoea may prove effective at the distance of several miles from an
infected locality;” or on the hypothesis of diffusion by water up the tidal streams, it is
difficult to understand how the ordinary quarantine can at all exclude the epidemic.

* “ On the Communication of Cholera,” by J. Snow, M.D., pp. 23-26.

t Report of General Board of Heallli on Cholera, p. 48.

J Etudes sur la Ville de Paris, par Horace Say, pp. 384-422, 481, and maps. And Rapport du
Cholera dans Paris 1834.

§ On the Infectious Origin and Propagation of Cholera, by A. Bryson, M.D., Surgeon R.N., 1851,
pp. 39, 46, 47-

Contagion : Spontaneous Development.

lxxix

Nothing but the absolute cessation of all intercourse between this island and the rest of
the world could be effectual.

Instances are cited by writers on contagion of medical officers in attendance on cholera
patients, suffering or escaping attacks of the disease; but they are seldom conclusive.
In London, for example, one hospital physician and one hospital surgeon died of the
disease : the mortality was consequently higher in this class than it was in the rest of
the inhabitants of London. The two medical officers resided on the north side of the
Thames; but the two hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’s, are in two of the lowest and
most fatal districts on the south side of the river, and cholera patients were not
apparently admitted at Guy’s hospital, although they were treated at St. Thomas’s. The
disease was not fatal on the higher ground, north of the Thames, to any of the medical
officers of the hospitals where cholera patients were freely admitted. Whether any of
them suffered from premonitory symptoms is unknown ; yet this is an element to be
taken into account ; for it maybe assumed that in medical men the disease is more
frequently checked in the early stage, when it is amenable to treatment, than it is in
the rest of the community.

The fact that the first cases of the epidemic appear in the sea-ports is not in itself a
decisive proof of the importation of the disease ; for if it is ever indigenous, as it was on
the Delta of the Ganges, it will almost certainly break out in such low places and cir-
cumstances as are found in the neighbourhood of nearly all sea-ports.

The hypothesis of spontaneous development in England has been advanced, and may
be supported by arguments of some weight. Thus there can be no doubt that the
epidemic cholera is closely allied in all its essential symptoms to sporadic cholera, and
the conversion of the one variety into the other in England is not a priori impossible.
The march of cholera and diarrhoea since 1838 presents the appearance of a progres-
sive development. The deaths from cholera in England were 331 in 1838, 702 in
1840, and 1620 in 1842 ; from diarrhoea 2482 in 1838, 3469 in 1840, and 5241 in
1842. These diseases became much more serious in 1846, and raised the general
mortality. In London the deaths in 1839, 1840, 1842, 1846, 1848, 1849, were 3 6,
6q, 118, 228, 652, 14137 from cholera; 376, 452, 7C4, 2152, 1913, 3899 from
diarrhoea. The seasons of the year, and the circumstances of the people presented
great variations in the twelve years, but on the whole they favoured epidemic develop-
ment. The price of wheat rose rapidly from 39 s. a quarter in 1835, to 71s. in 1839,
and then declined to 57 s. in 1842. The potato crop failed partially in 1845, in 1846
the failure was general, and the country in 1847 besides commercial distress, suffered
some of the consequences of famine. The potato is antiscorbutic, and could not be
replaced by other food of a different quality. Scurvy prevailed in many parts of the
kingdom; influenza broke out as an epidemic at the close of 1847; the cholera
eruption followed at an interval of a year. The spontaneous eruption of cholera has
its analogue in the other zymotic diseases : thus small-pox, scarlatina, and typhus are
five or ten times as fatal at some times as they are at others in districts of London.

An isolated, local epidemic of cholera which broke out in the Coventry workhouse,
appears to show that the spontaneous evolution of epidemic cholera is possible in
England. The following account has been drawn up exclusively from the Registra-
tion Returns, which did not in 1838 contain any statement of the duration of the fatal
diseases. The season of the year, however, as well as the fatality of the disease, prove
that the cholera had not the common character.

The House of Industry at Coventry suffered in the beginning of 1838 a sudden ancl
severe outbreak of cholera, when 55 of the inmates, 27 males and 28 females, perished
by the epidemic. The first death occurred on the 7th of January, and on that and the
four following days, seven cases were fatal; from the 12th to the 16th inclusive, 4
persons died; between the 17th and 21st, 15 ; between the 22nd and 26th, 20; be-
tween the 27th and 31st, 7 ; and on the first three days of February, 2. 18 of the fatal

cases occurred under 40 years of age, and 8 between that and 60; but the greatest
mortality was between 60 and 80 years, when 20 patients sunk under the epidemic ; the
remaining 9 died at upwards of 80 years. Fortunately the disease was confined to
the house, and did not extend its visit to the town.

CVJL

lxxx

Zymotic Theory.

While the facts prove that the population was undergoing a morbid change, which
may have issued in a great epidemic, it seems more consonant with the whole history of
the disease to admit that while the materials were smouldering in England the flame
which threw the mass into combustion was of Asiatic origin.

It is not necessary to discuss the zymotic theory here, but I give in a note the substance
of a paper on the subject which appeared in the Appendix to the Registrar-General’s Fourth
Report. As there restricted, it only expresses certain facts in the history of diseases,
and of cholera among the rest, which are shown to be analogous to other facts with
which chemistry is conversant.

It may, I think, be admitted that the disease Asiatic cholera is induced in man by
a certain specific matter, and as it has been proposed to call the matter varioline which
causes small-pox, so cholerine may designate the zymotic principle of cholera. A
variety of that matter was produced in India in certain unfavourable circumstances ; it
had the property of propagating and multiplying itself in air, or water, or food, and of
destroying men, by producing in successive attacks the series of phenomena which con-
stitute Asiatic cholera.

That cholerine is an organic matter, cannot, I think, be doubted by those avho have
studied the whole of its phenomena and the general laws of zymotic disease. The
great questions remain — Is cholerine produced in the human organization alone and
propagated by excreted matter? Is it produced and propagated in dead animal or vege-
table matter or mixed infusions of excreta and other matter out of the body ? Is it
propagated through water? through air? through contact? or through all these
channels?

Observations sufficiently exact to decide these questions definitively have yet to be
made, and discussed on the principles of probability. The decisive facts cannot be
investigated by experiments in which human life may be exposed to risk. They must
be carefully looked for and noted by good observers. Conflicting theories serve, among
other purposes, to direct the attention of observers to important points which they may
otherwise neglect.

While fully admitting the importance of theories, I have endeavoured to present, from
the Returns, a view of the facts, without reference to any theory; and to show, inde-
pendently of the theories, that the conditions in which cholera is or is not fatal, may
be determined, and yield important practical deductions.

Note. — The zymotic hypothesis, which is strictly applicable to all the known phenomena of cholera, is
thus stated in the Appendix to the Fourth Annual Report, 8vo, of the Registrar-General, pp. 199 — 105.

“ Miasm, properly so called, causes disease without being itself reproduced. * * * Carbonic acid

and sulphuretted hydrogen, which are frequently evolved from the earth in cellars, mines, wells, sewers,
and other places, are amongst the most pernicious miasms,’’ (Liebiy). Miasms produce diseases like
ague, without being propagated by contagion ; and the poisons — carbonic acid, sulphuretted hydrogen,
and other gases, which are given off by organic matter in putrefaction, afford an illustration of their
action. The miasm which excites intermittent fever may be designated py retine ; and if it were not
probable that modifications of the marsh miasm induce, in certain circumstances, remittent and yellow
fever, specific names should be found for their principles. Rheumatic fever is apparently caused by a
miasm.* Its changes of scat can scarcely be accounted for on the hypothesis that it is a local inflamma-
tion of the fibrous tissue.

Certain matters which have not yet been analyzed produce small-pox, glanders, hydrophobia, syphilis,
measles, scarlatina, and other diseases ; and as it was before proposed to give names to the well-defined
diseases produced by poisons, so, for the purposes of reasoning, it will be equally useful to name these specific
matters or transformations of matter by which diseases are propagated either by inoculation and contact
(contagion), or by inhalation (infection). The following list exhibits the popular and scientific names of
diseases in juxtaposition with the pioposed names of their exciters ; and it may be assumed hypothetically,
that in the blood corresponding bodies exist which are destroyed, and by the transformation of which the
exciters are generated or reproduced. The names in the second column terminate in a, except a few in s.
Lyssa (from \ueea., rabies), the old Greek term, has been lestored by Mason Good; I propose, for the
sake of uniformity, to call puerperal fever mctria ; mumps, parotid, reserving parotitis for simple inflam-
mation of the parot ids ; croup, truclteia ; and the disease from puncture in dissection, necusia («*»;,
the dead body).

• The exciting cause of intermittent fevers, rheumatism, anil [rheumatic] neumljjia, is generally admitted (?1 to be
malaria; and if viewed abstractedly, and with reference to their spccillc nature, it it probable that malaria it the on/y
1 rcitiny cause of these diseases.— I’rout on Stomach and Urinary Diseases, p. SO.

Zymotic Principles.

lxxxi

Diseases.

Zymotic Principles.

Small-pox .

. variola.

varioline.

Cow-pox ....

. vaccinia.

vaccinine.

Glanders. . . .

. equinia. •

equinine.

Hydrophobia.

. lyssa.

lyssine.

Syphilis ....

. syphilis.

syphiline.

Infection in dissecting

. necusia.

necusine.

Erysipelas.

. erysipelas.

erysipeline.

Puerperal fever . .

. .metria.

metrine.

Measles ....

. rubeola.

rubeoline.

Scarlet fever . •

. scarlatina.

scarlatinine.

Hooping cough ,

. pertussis.

pertussine.

Dysentery . ,

. dysenteria.

( enterine.

Diarrhoea, . . .

. diarrhoea.

Cholera ....

. cholera.

( cholerine.

Influenza ....

. influenza.

influenzine.

Typhus ....

. typh us.

typhine.

Plague ....

. pesti's.

pestine.

The existence of gangrenine, ergotine, ophthalmine, tetanine, miliarine, diphtherine, parotine, nphthine,
tracheine, may also be admitted. It is maintained by some pathologists, that the same specific poison
produces several of these diseases — erysipelas, necusia, and metria, for instance — but while the diseases
are described as distinct, it will be most convenient to consider their exciters as distinct, although they
may be convertible into each other, and be as nearly related as varioline and vaccinine.

The chemical composition of these principles is at present unknown ; but as salts are distinguished from
each other by their relations to other bodies, and, though they may have the same appearance in solution,
are found to differ by the compounds which they form with other bodies in solution, so the existence is
demonstrated by the effect, of the matter here called “ lyssine ,” on animals, although it cannot be detected
by the rough analysis of artificial chemistry. The smallest quantity imaginable of lyssine inserted under
the skin of a dog produces hydrophobia ; and the bites of the infected dog will throw other dogs, and even
human beings, into a state similar to that of the dog from which the charge of lyssine originally came.
Varioline in the same manner produces small-pox, if the patient has not previously undergone its
influence or the influence of vaccinine — a modification of varioline. The diseases of this class have
been frequently spoken of as fermentations ; and Liebig has now opened the way to the explanation of
their nature by a reference to the phenomena attending the transformations of organic compounds, excited
by the action of other compounds simultaneously undergoing analogous transformations. Thus yeast,
which is gluten in a state of transformation, added to wort, which contains gluten and sugar, converts the
gluten of the wort into yeast, and at the same time the sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid, the two
transformations going on together, and the latter ceasing when the former ends. The yeast reproduces
yeast, if gluten, from which it was originally derived, be present : and if the temperature and circum-
stances be favourable, fermentation may be spontaneous.*

It must be admitted, with respect to all the forms of these diseases, that the body, in the cycle of
external circumstances through which it passes, may run into them spontaneously (in this they differ from
the class of diseases referred to external causes), for it is impossible to trace them invariably to infectious
sources ; it is not a priori more improbable that they, than other diseases, should arise spontaneously,
and it is impossible to account for their existence in the world upon any other principle than that of
spontaneous origin. Still the property of communicating their action, and affecting analogous transfor-
mations in other bodies, is as important as it is characteristic in these diseases, which it is proposed
therefore to call in this sense zymotic.f A single word, such as Zymotics, is required to replace in com-
position the long periphrasis “ epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases;” with a new name and a
definition of the kind of pathological process, which the name is intended to indicate, persons who have
not made themselves acquainted with the researches of modern chemistry can scarcely fall into the gross
error of considering this peculiar kind of diseased action and vinous fermentation absolutely identical ;
or of considering that others entertain that opinion. Liebig draws a distinction between fermentation and
putrefaction: t lie reasons are more urgent, for distinguishing the pathological transformations from fer-
mentation or putrefaction, while it is admitted that they are of a chemical nature, and analogous to
fermentation ; by which they are moreover to a certain extent explained, although so little is known of the
series of chemical changes and products in any single zymotic malady, or of the chemical reactions of
the living forces and organs. Small-pox is by hypothesis the transformation of varioline, and certain
unknown concomitant chemical changes in the blood and skin; manifesting the important symptoms
which fall under direct observation.

Some of the morbific principles are fixed ; others are volatile ; but the greater part of them are fixed and
volatile in different circumstances. Necusine, pestine, syphiline, lyssine, equinine, and vaccinine, are

* See Liebig’s luminous exposition of the doctrines of fermentation, in his Chemistry of Agriculture, Physiology, and
Pathology. Two vols.

-f- From ^v/ioui, I ferment : zymosis — fermentation, and zyma — ferment, may also be employed in English, not in the
sense which they have in Greek, but as general designations of the morbid processes and their exciters. Zymosis, and the
verb from which it is derived, occur in Hippocrates. See a good note and quotation from Galen, by Foesius, in the
< Economia Hippucratis, appended to the Geneva edition (1602) of the works of Hippocrates. Coction appears to have been
used by the father of medicine with the same qualification as ebullition and fermentation by Sydenham. See his Treatise
on Ancient Medicine, vol. i. CEuvres Completes d’Hippocrate, par E. Littre, 1839.

9

lxxxii

Zyviotics.

the most frequently fixed ; they give rise, when placed on the skin, particularly where the epidermis is
removed, to their peculiar diseases ; but contagion is not invariably the result of their contact ; indeed, in
several of them it is the exception rather than the rule. Either there is no matter in the organization
susceptible of transformation, or the specific transformation is overpowered by the vital energies; for in
every case, if the morbific principle (zymine) tends to impart its movement to the organization, the
organization, animated by the natural forces, has a tendency to continue its own processes, and to impart
its conservative movements to all the organic matters which are brought within its sphere.

Varioline is converted in the cow (as Mr. Seeley has shown) into vacciniue, and cow-pox affords an
interesting illustration of the modifications which diseases undergo, and which may be imparted to them,
by changes in their exciters. Vaccinine taken from the cow effects the transformation of the materics
morbi in man almost as completely as varioline ; but it reproduces vaccinine ; and in the process is never
fatal, never produces the variolous fever, and its vapour is never infectious like that of varioline. The
mild form of small-pox which appears in persons modified by previous vaccination, or which follows
small-pox inoculation, is an equally good example of the changes induced in diseases by the actual
constitution of the individual, and the mode of infection.

Syphilis, erysipelas, necusia, metria, rubeola, scarlatina, and the other zymotic diseases, also put on
different forms ; which may be referred to the state of the exciter, the mode of its application, the matter
on which the exciter acts, or the vitality of the patient. A modification of cholerine, or of enterine,
probably produces diarrhoea. Louis considers dothinenteria (his Jievre typhoide) a different disease from
the typhus of this country, and points out the ulcerations, particularly of the glands of Peyer, with the
correlative phenomena, and the rose-spots disappearing under pressure, as establishing its distinct
character.* The differences in certain cases are unquestionable, and may be expressed by dothinenteria and
typhus : but the two forms of the disease occur in this country ; the characters are frequently mixed ; and
they are not greater than are observed in scarlatina simplex, and scarlatina maligna, with black incrus-
tations, and gangrenous inflammation of the throat — in the erythema and phlegmonous erysipelas of
Mr. Lawrence, or in the varieties of other diseases.

The blood which pervades the whole system is the primary seat of zymotic diseases ; but this does not
diminish the importance of the local phenomena with which they commence, proceed, or terminate;
for they affect (as poisons do) particular organs more extensively and frequently than others, give
rise to specific pathological formations or secretions, and derive their character from the lesions and
affected organs.

The heat disengaged in these diseases suggested the term fever, derived from ferveo, as fermentum is
from fervimentum.

Some zymotic diseases recur, others happen only once in life, or if they happen twice, it is the
exception: this has been explained on the hypothesis that some but not all kinds of matter (zymin) are
reproduced in the organization after they have been destroyed by transformation (zymosis) in attacks of
disease.

The tendency of zymotic diseases to increase and decline in activity, is one of their most remarkable
properties ; and the suddenness of their outbreaks, with the great mortality of which they were the cause,
excited at an early period the attention and solicitude of mankind. This tendency is indicated by the
terms epidemic and endemic ; the latter serving to designate diseases which are excited by miasmata, and
prevail in proportion to the quantity of miasm developed ; the former, epidemic, denoting the diseases
transmitted from man to man, independently of locality, or oidy dependent on locality, temperature, and
moisture, as adventitious circumstances. For statistical purposes, the epidemic, endemic, and contagious
diseases, have been classed under one head, as they may all be excited by organic matter in a state of
pathological transformation. Ague is not contagious, and is apt to recur ; it therefore apparently
approaches the class of toxical diseases ; but I feel inclined rather to consider it a zymotic disease, in
which, to use the language of Liebig, the exciter is destroyed as soon as it is reproduced ; and this view is
confirmed by the analogies of remittent fever, or yellow fever, so intimately allied in some respects with
ague, in others with plague, and apparently contagious (though this is disputed) in certain circumstances.
Scurvy is a transformation induced by the want or inadequate supply of vegetable food. It formerly
decimated the English navy, and is now met with in certain prisons. Scabies and porrigo (both con-
tagious diseases) are ascribed to an insect ( acarus scabiei) and a low form of independent organization.
The mode in which zymotic diseases are propagated has offered the ground of an interesting comparison
between their diffusion, blight of vegetables, and the generation of animalcules.

Sydenham referred, in the following passage, to zymotic diseases, which were so rife in Loudon,
formerly, as to divert attention from pure inttammalions ; and, as they approach nearer than other
diseases to the definition of species in natural history, justify the comparison which he has instituted : —

“ If the humours are retained in the body beyond the due time, either (1) because nature cannot digest
and afterwards expel them, or (2) from their having contracted a morbific taint from a particular consti-
tution of the air, or (3) lastly, from their being infected with some poison: by these, 1 say, and the like
causes, these humours are worked up into a substantial form or species, that discovers itself by particular
symptoms, agreeable to its peculiar essence; and these symptoms, notwithstanding they may, for want of
attention, seem to arise either from the nature of the part in which the humour is lrxlged, or from the
humour itself before it assumed this species, are in reality disorders that proceed from the essence of the
species newly raised to this pitch [zymine] ; so that every specific disease arises from some specific
exaltation, or peculiar quality of some humour [zymtn] contained in a living body. Undei this kind
may be comprehended most diseases which have a certain form or appearance; nature in fact observing

• Louts.— Flevre typhoide. Vol. ii. p. 311.

lxxxiii

Sydenham, Morton , Willis.

i lie same uniform method in producing and bringing diseases to a height or crisis as she does in the pro-
duction or growth of plants or animals: for, as every plant or animal is possessed of peculiar properties,
so is it likewise in every exaltation of any humour, after its being come to a species or disease. We have
a clear proof of this every day, in those kinds of excrescences that grow on trees and shrubs (occasioned
by the ill quality of the nutritious juice, or other causes), in the form of moss, mistletoe, mushrooms, and
the like ; all which are manifestly different essences or species from the tree or shrub that bears them.” —
Sydenham’ s Works, trans. by G. Wallis.

Sydenham’s methods of treatment were adopted by him, and recommended as the results of experi-
mental investigation. However their use might have been suggested, their efficacy was determined by their
apparent influence on the recovery of patients; but, in his exposition of therapeutic principles, he keeps
constantly in view his theory of “ commotion” ( commotio ) ; “a general term which he chooses in order
to prevent all fruitless dispute about words that might arise from the use of ‘ fermentation,’ or ‘ ebullition’
( fermentatio vel ebullitio), which, though they may seem harsh and metaphorical to some, are capable of
a commodious interpretation.” Thus, in speaking of “continued fever,” he says, “ with regard to this
disease, 1 judge that the genuine indications are to keep the commotion of the blood [zymosis] within
such bounds as suit the design of nature, so as to prevent its rising too high on one side, whence dangerous
symptoms might follow ; or sinking too low on the other, whereby either the exclusion of the morbific
matter might be hindered, or the endeavour of the blood affecting a new state be frustrated.

The early medical observers have directed attention to the analogies zymotic diseases have with com-
bustion, fermentation, putrefaction, and poisoning. These analogies have been, to a certain extent, confirmed
by the researches of modem chemistry; and Liebig has been led by the study of organic transformations,
— fermentation, putrefaction, decay,— to develop a theory invented by the greatest practical physicians to
explain the phenomena of zymotic diseases.

Liebig observes, “ that physicians had referred formerly to fermentation merely by way of illustration
from which it is evident that he had not had time to consult the English medical classics on this head, or he
would have discovered not, indeed, an anticipation of his own generalizations, but a theory very similar
to his own, — the basis of their pathology, — founded upon enlarged views, and well calculated to prepare
the way for his researches and the researches of other chemists.

Morton, in his Pyretologia, calls the principles which it has been proposed in a previous page to designate
generally zymine, “ fermentum venenatum and the following definition is printed in italics in the intro-
duction, and applied in the subsequent chapters of his work to the explanation of all the “ inorbi univer-
sales acuti ” —

* * * “ fomitem febriferum ('the ‘ fermentum venenatum’ of a previous sentence) asseramus

esse — Deleterium quid in spirituum systemate delitescens, quod fermenti ad instar eos adoriens atque
oestro primum exagitans, deinde humoribus secundo quasi momento, varias mutationes atque qualitates
morbosas nobis sensibiles impertit.” This, he adds, is his general hypothesis — “ nostram generalem
hypothesin.”

Here we have (1) the “ deleterium quid ” communicating its action like a ferment to (2) the latent
assumed constituents (spirituum systems*), and by a secondary impulse, as it were, producing perceptible
transformations ( mutationes ) in the blood, tissue, and secretions. The sentence also recalls a principle in
physics, which Liebig has quoted in the words of Laplace and Berthollet, and to which he appears to
think all chemical transformations maybe referred: — '“A molecule, set in motion by any power, can
impart its own motion to another molecule with which it may be in contact.”

The three great cotemporaries, Sydenham, Morton, and Willis, lived in London when plague and
epidemic diseases prevailed, and much as they differed or were mistaken, on some points, all announced
more or less clearly the zymotic hypothesis. They were not, it must be borne in mind, mere chemiafric
theorists ; they had studied diseased action as assiduously and with as much sagacity as modern chemists
have studied fermentation; Willis was a great anatomist; Sydenham and Morton have left original
pathological delineations which have never been surpassed, and laid down plans of treatment which are
still followed.

* Morton adopted the hypothesis of animal spirits from Kernel, and though it enabled him to explain many pheno-
mena happily, lie did not fail to fall into absurdities, (for so we must now call them,) by employing it to explain every-
thing ; still such passages as the following admit of a scientific coustructiou, and are another proof that the exploded
theories of ingenious men always contain traces of important truths.

Spiritus animales esse to evepyprircov seu primum prineipium activum, et quasi fermentum universale totius corporis
a quo sanguis et liumores varie agitantur, etimmutantur, non dubito. T. 2, p. 7, 8.

Willis employed the chemical theory and the few chemical facts known in the seventeenth century with still greater
rashness in his treatises de fermentaoone and de febribus ; yet he has many felicitous ant cipations of modern deductions,
and Liebig will admit that in the following passages the Oxford professor referred to fermentation i'or something more
than an illustiation. He is speaking of small-pox, measles, (and scarlatina.) Convenit enim homini umrii , soli , et semel
variolis aut morbilis affici. (p. 165.) ***** jsta diathesis, seu naturalis praedispositio, quae genus

humanum ad hunc morbum inclinat, videtur esse labes q rued am seu impuritas sanguinis, inter prima feel us rudimenta in
utero concepta. *****

Licet autem qenenata hujus morbi semtna ut plurimum semel, et unied cegritudine soleut difflari ; quandoque tamen
accidit, ut parte miasmatis adhunc relicta, bis, aut ter aegri in hunc affectum inciderint * * * Causa evident,

quae haec semina fermrntutma commovet, et saepissime in actum deducit, triplex assignatur, scilicet, cuntayium aliunde
susceptum, disposilio aiiris, ac immudim sanguinis, et humvrum perturbatio. Cuntagio hunc morbum in alios serpere, lateque
grassari, quotidiana experientia manifestum est : scilicet a curpnre infecto continue deceduni ejfluvia qua ab aliis curpnribus
su.cepta stutim, instnr veneni cum sanguine fermentescunt, et Semina ejusdem uffectus latentia, ipsisque homogenea suscitant,
et in hujus morbi ideam disponunt : nec solum contacto, sed ad distans miasma communicator. * * * peculiaris

aeris dispositio : hinc saepissime popularis evadit ac per totas regiones, urbes, vicosque passim destEvit, p. 166.

He adds that the “ immodica sanguinis, et humorum perturbatio” may arise from immoderate exercise or excesses, —
Opera Medica et Physica, 1676.

2

9

lxxxiv

Pestilences in Low Places.

THE PESTILENCES OF THE PRESENT DAY ARE MOST FATAL IN LOW PLACES.

The influence of elevation, if not as obvious in other zymotic diseases as it is in
cholera, is equally important, for they are all governed by similar laws.

Ague and Remittent Fever.

The marsh fever of the intermittent, remittent, and continued form, exists in parts
of England, and of almost every kingdom of the world. Instead of investigating its
mild forms in the Essex marshes, or the intense varieties of th^ tropics, it will be more
convenient to study it in Italy, where it has from an early period attracted the atten-
tion of qualified observers.

The fever of the Mediterranean appears to be a milder form of the remittent of the
tropics. Its type is well seen in the Tuscan Maremme, which have been recently de-
scribed by A. Salvagnoli Marchetti, in two Reports published by the Grand Duke of
Tuscany.* The fevers are simple interinittents in spring : as the season advances
gastric complications supervene, and they then become bilious remittent, continued
gastric, typhoid, dysenteric. In the Maremme, from January to June, the diseases
peculiar to temperate climates are observed ; during the other months of the year, in
proportion as the temperature rises, the fevers put on a severer form, turn gradually
from intermittents into remittents, remittents into continuants, and then assume the
graver aspect of tropical disease.f

The Tuscan Maremme lies along the Mediterranean : commencing at San Vicenzio,
it extends to the river Chiarone on the borders of the Papal States. It is chiefly in
the province of Grosselo, and comprises a considerable territory of mountain, hill, and
beautiful plain. A map accompanies the Reports, and shows, by a yellow colour, the
parts in which malaria prevails; by a red colour the parts where the malaria is less
pernicious. The yellow colour stretches from io to 1 6 miles into the interior, over
the low plains traversed by the waters, and the red colour runs higher up the rivers
Cornio, Ombrone, and Albegna. The high land round the river sources, even where
it approaches the coast — is white, healthy, untouched — except in a few exceptional
cases. The insalubrity is at its maximum in the plains, slight among the hills, inap-
preciable in the mountains. To cite the w ords of the Report : Massimo, e la malsania
nclle pianure, mediocre nelle colline, affatto insensibile sui monti; quindi quest i
abitabile senza alcun rischio, le colline con qualche pericolo, le pianure con g rave e
eontinuo. Ten towns and castles are mentioned that are abandoned bv the greater
part of the inhabitants every summer. Some are far from the sea, some far from the
marshes. Montepescali is 760 feet above the level of the sea, Capalbio is still higher,
and Sovana is as high as 1-012 feet. The malaria is felt in some cases as high as 1400
or 2000 feet; it never arrives at Montorsajo, 2500 feet (1217 braccia) above the sea.
A remarkable instance is given of the sanification of Massa by Ximenes, who drained
the high plain by a subterranean canal ; of the reappearance of malaria when the
canal was stopped up, and its disappearance a second time when the water was drawn
off by effectual drainage^. Dr. Marchetti notices that the blood of the inhabitants of
the Maremme is changed : all the physicians, he says, who have attentively examined
it, are struck by the character it presents, which is so constant and striking that by
the blood alone you can distinguish the patient living habitually on a malarious soil
from a person residing in a healthy country. § A chemical analysis by Professor Cozzi
shows a deficiency of fibrine, albumen, fatty matter, and phosphates, and an appre-
ciable quantity of cholesierine. Nutrition is feeble, digestion bad, the liver disordered,
the spleen swollen, respiration weak; the heart is flaccid and beats fegblv. The
countenance is of a palish sallow tint, as in a chlorotic girl, or yellow as in jaundice.
The muscular movements are languid, bodily exercise fatiguing. Sensibility is
diminished. Strangers in the malaria speedily feel its effects ; they undergo a great

* Statistic.! Medica delle Marenime Toscane, 1840-1-2-3-4. Firenze, 1844.

■f Primo Biennio, p. 47. J 2 Biennio, p. 33-35. $ 1 Bien,, p. 65—7.

Remittent Fever.

lxxxv

change, and soon acquire the constitution of the inhabitants of the Maremme.* Nearly
all the inhabitants of the neighbouring mountains, who descend to gather in and to
thrash the harvest, are attacked on the fields and doors, or shortly after their return
home. Their food is poor, the wine and water bad. They work hard in the sun,
and sleep often in the open air, or crowded, men and women together, in open cottages
(Capannoni) .j The agriculture of the Maremme is in the rudest state, the dwellings
are miserable, and there is no industrial manufacture. Such is the effect of the low
lands of Italy on the population not only of the Tuscan Maremme, but of the Pontine
Marshes, and all the other depressed parts of the Mediterranean coast. The land of the
coast of the Adriatic is traversed by rapid rivers, and it is comparatively salubrious,
except at Ravenna, where the Apennines retreat from the sea.

The temperature of the province of Grosseto, lying between 420 22' and 43° 6' of
north latitude, necessarily varies at different elevations. At Grosseto it is at sunrise
and midday two degrees higher in spring, and one degree lower in summer than at
Florence, by Reaumur’s thermometer.

The hygrometer at Grosseto shows an excess of 20 degrees of moisture over (hat at
Florence, and in the evening it is from 25 to 30 degrees moister than in the morning.
The permanent population of the province of Grosseto was 5 3 1 7 5 *n I^I4’ anr^ 7^*79
in 1843. The number of births in the interval was 84075, of deaths 72954, exclusive
of those in hospitals, which the Reporter thinks may be fairly omitted. The settled
population in 1841 was 73966, of whom about 12260 lived in the plain, 61906 in
the hills and mountains. The adventitious population in the spring amounted to
19261 persons; 15982 males, 3279 females, from various parts of Italy. 8972 per-
sons; 7539 males and 1433 females, came down from the hills in the harvest season.
Of 35619 patients treated by the medical officers June 1, 1840-41, not less than 13682
had intermittent, 269 pernicious, 2520 continued gastric or catarrhal fevers; of the
latter many, of the former none died.§

Yellow Fever.

Yellow fever is also generated in and almost confined to lands of low elevation.
The Delta of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico is its great centre.

“ Pres de la Vera Cruz,” writes Humboldt, “la ferme de FEncero, que j’ai trouvee
elevee de 928 metres au-dessus du niveau de l’ocean, est la limite superieure du vomito .
Nous avons deja observe plus haut, que c’est jusque la seulement que descendent les
chenes Mexicains, qui ne peuvent plus vegeter dans une chaleur propre a clevelopper le
germe de la fievre jaune.” ||

Vera Cruz lies on the coast, against the island of San Juan deUlloa. It is an arid
plain without running water, where the impetuous north winds, blowing from October
to May, have raised sandbanks, which are every year moved about and changed in form.
They are from eight to twelve metres high, and by reflecting the solar rays, in the
summer months, increase the suffocating heat of the atmosphere. “Between the city
and Aroyon Gavilan are found, in the midst of the banks, marshy grounds covered with
mangroves and other brambles. The stagnant waters of Boxio de la Tembladera, and
the small lagoons of Hormiga, of Rancho de la Hortaliza and of Arjona, produce
intermittent fevers among the indigenous inhabitants. They also play probably an
important part among the dreadful causes of the black vomit.” Humboldt adds, “ Soft
water is found by digging a metre deep in the sandy soil of Vera Cruz ; but it is in-
filtrated from the marshes and lagoons between the sandbanks. It is rain water
which has been in contact with the roots of vegetables ; is of a bad quality, and only
serves for washing. The lower classes of people resort to the waters of a ditch (Zana)
which comes from the Meganos, and is a little better than the well water, or than the
river of Tenoya. The better classes drink water collected in bad cisterns. The pure
and salubrious waters of the cisterns of San Juan deUlloa ar.e only given to the military.

* Statistica Medica delle Maremme Toscane, 1840-1-2-3-4. Firenze, 1844. Primo Bien., p. 49-50,
t Pages 33-4. % Page 49. § 1 Bien., pp. 7, 13; 2 Bien., p. 71.

|| Essai politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne, tome 2, p. 771. Humboldt,

lxxxvi

Yellow Fever.

The merchants have country houses in Xalapa at an elevation of 1320 metres above
the ocean ; where they enjoy the fresh air, fine views, and clear sky ; while the mus-
quitoes, the heat, and the yellow fever plague the people below.* * * § The wind blows
north, and a fog hangs over Xalapa in winter ; the sun and stars are covered for two
or three weeks together. But this does not bring the fever.

Baron Humboldt thus sums up his views and his observations : — Les phenomenes dc
la vie sont modifies par un grand nombre de causes, dont les plus puissantes echappenl
a nos sens. Nous voyons naltre des maladies partout oil des substances organisees,
impregnees d'un certain degre d’humiditc, et echauffees par le soleil sont en contact
avec V air atmospherique.’f

The yellow fever does not extend its ravages in the epidemic form beyond the 46th
degree of north latitude. New Orleans, Charlestown, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New
York, Boston, and the low cities and ports on the coast of America, have all been
visited by this pestilence; but its violence diminishes in the northern latitudes, and
everywhere fades away in the high inland cities. In the Mediterranean it has
several times assailed Spain ; appearing first and committing its greatest ravages in
Cadiz, Seville, Malaga, Cartnagena, Barcelona, and the other ports; radiating into
the interior with diminished violence, and proving but rarely fatal on such high
places as Gibraltar. In Catalonia, as in the West Indies, it enters with extreme diffi-
culty elevated, airy localities ; in the words of M. Pariset and his colleagues, pas-
sionate contaeionists : — uElle aime les Lords de la mer et des Jleuves ; et, chose etrange,
elle attaque indifferemeut les populations qui occuppent les lieux sains, comme celles
qui resident sur un sol insalubre.” It attacks low places reputed healthy, and in
that respect resembles cholera; but the documents of the French physicians throw no
light on its relative mortality in high and low localities. |

The West Indies and the West Coast of Africa in the tropics, are decimated by a deadly
remittent fever which is closely allied to yellow fever. Lind, in the last century, after a
comprehensive survey of the facts, observed that “ not only continents, but most large
islands in every quarter of the world, have ridges of high mountains, where the air
proves healthy to European constitutions ; even in the smaller islands, such a retreat can
generally be found.” He showed that Antigua, “ especially English Harbour, is remark-
able for its unhealthfulness, as our ships of war frequently experience in the loss of
their men by the yellow fever and flux, when they refit in that harbour ; but that an
absolute safety from these diseases is to be found in the high mountains of that island,
especially in that called Monks Hill.” § The same thing is observed in Dominica. He
strongly urges the Europeans in Jamaica to reside in temperate and pleasant situa-
tions on the sides of the mountains, where the ground is cleared from wood, and
has no stagnating water upon or near its surface ; where the soil is rich and fertile,
favourable to the cultivation of European plants, and to the health of European animals.

Notwithstanding Lind’s representations, “the principal West India towns, and
the garrisons for -the troops, are situated on the leeward shores of the country, at the
bottom of the deepest bays that can be found, as a protection to their trade against
the winds from the sea. The soil must consequently be alluvial, and is often
marshy. * * * Their elevation is little above the level of the sea. * * * The
settlements of the planters, in like manner, are formed, not on the elevated mountain
ridge, from which the periodical rains have washed away the soil, but in the alluvial
ground beneath. * * * Ague is not a common production in the hot low land, on or
near the level of the sea, where alone the yellow fever is Jound.” || These low towns,
and plantations, which were the resort of yellow fever, have since been ravaged by
cholera ; the intensity of the disease has shown how constantly, and in what variable
circumstances the law of elevation operates. Mr. Parkin, who was on the spot, states

* Humboldt, Tom. I., p. 277 — 80. f Ibid., Tom. 2, page 787.

J Histoire Medicale de la tievre jaune observee en Espagnc et particulicreuieut eu Catalogue dans

1’annte 1821, par Bally, Francois, Pariset, pp. 540, 542-4.

§ Diseases incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, by Janies Lind, M.D., 4II1 edition, 1788,
pp. 200-5, 209, 210-16.

|| Dr. Ferguson on t he Locale of Yellow Fever, in Johnson aud Martin on Tropical Climates, p. 493 — 5.

Plague in Egypt. lxxxvii

that the epidemic also ascended the hills ; but he has not the means of giving the
mortality at different elevations.

How the low alluvial shores of the West Coast of Africa, and of the rivers near the
coast, are infested by the fever is well known. The fatality of the Niger expeditions, and
the mortality in ships and forts on the Coast of Africa are also well known, and have
been well described by Boyle, McWilliam, Ttilloch, and Balfour, in the valuable army
and navy returns, and in other official reports. Lind states that Portuguese bishops
lived in health, and to the ordinary term of life, in the island of St. Antonio. He
mentions among places that might be easily rendered healthy, “the high hills of Sierra
Leone, upon whose summits the air is clear and serene, while thick mists and noisome
vapours overspread the lower grounds ; yet even ” he adds, “at this place the English
inhabit a low valley merely for the benefit of a spring of water, the carriage of which,
to any part of that hill, might be easily performed by slaves.” The salubrious parts
of Africa must be sought on the high grounds of the interior; ships now only regain
health by sailing out to sea.*

Plague.

Like cholera, yellow fever, and remittent fever, the glandular plague is now gene-
rated and prevails in Lower Egypt on alluvial ground ; and it has a limited rang-e of
elevation. It is endemic in the Delta of the Nile, and periodically decimates the popu-
lation of Cairo and Alexandria. It ascends the Nile, but never, says the Reporter of
the French Commission, passes the first cataract. It is unknown in Arabia, Nubia,
Sennaar, Abyssinia, — the former hot countries, the latter temperate, mountainous, inclin-
ing, free from marshes. Arabia, traversed by pilgrims from every part of the
Mahomedau world, escaped unscathed in the great plagues of 1825 and 1835, which
ravaged a chief part of Lower Egypt ; and Arabia has, from time immemorial, been
plagueless. The statement of the Commission is substantially true; but it would be more
correct to state that the plague grows gradually less fatal up the Nile, and that it is
less frequent and destructive in Upper than in Lower Egypt, in the high lands and in
the desert than on the low lands on the shores of the Mediterranean. The plague
of 1835 penetrated Said, Upper Egypt, and in the city of Siout destroyed more
than 13000 people.']'

The plague is most fatal in the parts of Lower Egypt near the Nile and the great
canals. Almost all the villages on the banks of the Nile, on the road to Fayoum, were
attacked in the epidemic of 1841 ; travellers and merchandize arrived there every day
from the infected parts, and two of the travellers were attacked in Fayoum, but the
population of the province escaped. Fayoum offers a striking contrast to Damietta,
where the plague is most destructive. Fayoum, says Dr. Rossi, is raised above the
level of the sea, and surrounded by the Desert of Libya; hot but dry; without
marshes: the cemeteries are at a distance from the habitations of the people; the
water, without being delicious, may be drunk without inconvenience, on account of
the nitre which it holds in solution. Damietta, at the mouth of the Nile, touches the
sea; it is surrounded by fresh and salt water marshes; the air is hot and humid ; the
cemeteries are in the heart of the city ; the fresh is mixed with salt water, or soiled by
excrementitial products, and animal and vegetable matters in putrefaction. While Suez,
a low port surrounded by stagnant water, was attacked in 1835, Cosseir, built on
rocks, and surrounded by arid mountains, escaped, although it obtained its provision
from Keneh, where the plague broke out nearly as soon as at Cairo. Desgenettes
and Clot Bey agree that while Cairo itself is ravaged by plague, the citadel on
high ground is invariably spared. Cairo, containing now about 200,000 inhabitants,
is in a sandy plain at the foot of a mountain, “ which, by keeping off the winds that
would refresh the air, makes the heat very stifling. Through the midst of it passes the

* Lind, on Diseases of Europeans, p. 158. See in Elements of the Practice of Physic, by D. Craigie,
M.D., an admirable critical digest of the Etiology of Ague, Remittent Fever, and Yellow Fever.

f Rapport a 1 Academie Royale de Medecine sur la Peste et les Quarantaines, fait au nom d’une
Commission, par M. Le Dr. Prus, Accompagne de Pieces et Documens, et suivi de la Discussion dans
le sein de l’Academie, 1846, pp. 77, 91, 92. 401, 507, "556. See Aubert Roche, De la Peste, p. 101,
cited p. 881.

lxxxviii

Egypt, Constantinople , Syria.

Great Canal,” into which the sewers are discharged over carrion, excreta, and mud.
At the yearly overflow of the Nile, its waters filling this canal are distributed over
the city, and drunk by the wretched inhabitants. Under the hot sun evaporation goes
on; the bed of the canal is exposed; the water, stinking and black, sends up mephitic
exhalations, which produce headache and sickness.* * * § The water of Lower Egypt is
generally bad. Alexandria lies lower than Cairo; with the ’akes near, and the
infectious shores of its two ports, the stagnant waters in the cisterns and the streets,
its numerous villages of small huts constructed of earth without any opening but the
door raised scarcely three feet from the ground, and sheltering every night number-
less families of sailors and dockyard labourers : it is the home of the plague.')'
All over the Delta the poor Egyptian constructs his house, or ralher den, of mud; it
is low, dark, damp, and filthy. The full grave of the family is often under the floor.
The clothing and food .of the fellah is of the lowest description; lie is subject to the
most debasing oppression.

Constantinople is another centre of the plague, and the circumstances in which' it
springs up are not very different. The most fatal quarters lie along the port, or in the dirty
wretched villages on the European shore of the Bosphorus. The plagues of 1831 and
1834 first appeared in San Dimitri, a village separated from the Pera by a small stream,
polluted by the impurities of the places on its margin. A village on Mount Alem
Dagh, 500 metres above the level of the sea, always enjoys immunity, while the plague
is raging below ; to this place of refuge the inhabitants of the capital resort. The
plague reaches a village lower down the Alem Dagh.

The plague still ravages periodically the population in the lower part of the basin of
the Danube. The river falls from an elevation of 1000 metres to 240 metres at
Vienna, to 140 at Buda, while at Orsova in Wallachia, it is only 21 metres; at
Brahiloff, 3 ’19 metres above the Black Sea. Consequently, both the banks of the
Danube, from Belgrade to the sea, are marshy. The Turkish towns have a beautiful
appearance as they are reflected from the waters, but like the eleven ports of Wal-
lachia, they are within squalid, dirty, and insalubrious. The houses in Widin are
nearly buried in the earth. Galatz, in Moldavia, on the delta of the Danube, is noted
for its unhealthiness. The plague is less virulent here than it is in Egypt, in Constan-
tinople, or even in Erzeroum.

Syria has four regions : the first, a warm, moist valley, lying along the coast ; the
second, hilly and rough, colder and healthier; the third, dry and hot, facing the east:
the fourth, the depressed valley of the Jordan. § The plague is endemic, says Larrey,
on the coast of Syria. It committed, in the epidemic which he observed, great ravages
in Gaza, Jaffa, St. Jean-d’Acre, and did not spare the Arabs of the Desert in the vici-
nity of the sea. It was scarcely felt in the villages of the mountains of Nablous and
Canaan, but reigned in low marshy spots and places on the coast. The epidemic
usually breaks out first in Antioch, Tripoli, Beyrout, Tyre, and Jaffa, whence it spreads
to Jerusalem, Nazareth, and other higher towns or villages in the interior, with a dimi-
nishing mortality.|| The plague appears also on the Euphrates and the Tigris. In
1831 it broke out in Bagdad with terrible violence, destroyed half of the population,
and left whole streets dispeopled. Bouchir and Bassora, above the Delta, on the
Persian Gulf, suffered severely. Erzeroum, near the source of the Euphrates, high
among the mountains of Armenia, is held by Dr. Prus to be one of the endemic
sources of the oriental plague. The documents show that there plague is periodically
epidemic.

The capital of Armenia is on that high land from which the fathers of the Semitic
race of men descended, and has a population estimated at 50000, surrounded by
populous villages. It lies between the two northern streams of the Euphrates, which
unite three leagues below the city ; the country is marshy, and is flooded when the

* Pages 23, 24. See also Mead on Plague, Medical Works, 1762, p. 246.

t Page 328. Official Report of Dr. Delaporte.

j Page 76. Dr. Prayer is the authority cited. And pp. 28-9, 11-2.

§ Pages 1038-40; Yolney, Voyage en Syne, t. ii., p. 214. See also Pelermau’s Atlas.

|| Page 928. .... ^ pag(j ^

lxxxix

Erzeroum in Armenia, Venice , Marseilles.

snows melt on the mountains. In summer the temperature is as high as 70° and 8o°.
In winter the temperature is helow, and rarely rises above the freezing point ; then
the families of men and domestic animals sleep promiscuously in the low, small,
damp huts of earth, round fires of dried cow-dung. “ On ne saurait s’imaginer,” says
the celebrated Tournefort ; “ quel horrible parfum repand ce detestable combustible
dans les maisons qui ne sont que des terriers.”* The inhabitants of Ezeroum and the
villages around are generally poor, and live 0, good deal on salt provisions ; milk and
olives are their resource in great extremities. Blood, excreta, and dead animals lie
about the humid streets of Erzeroum — near the region which, by some critics, is
believed to have been the site of Paradise — just as in London they lie in Church-street,
St. Giles. The last plague broke out in the villages round Erzeroum in 1840, and
destroyed 36000 of the people in 1841. It is said, however, not to occur oftener than
once in twenty or twenty-five years. And the Armenians in good circumstances, when
the plague breaks out, encamp on the hills ; whence they send for what they want to
the city, without contracting the disease. The plague occurs every ten years at
Trebisond ; more rarely and less fatally in Gymuchane, Kurdistan, Tauris, and Casbin ;
is unknown at Ispahan, and never makes its appearance at Teheran : how it ravages
Aleppo and Bagdad is well known. It does not cross the line drawn from the Caspian
Sea to the Persian Gulf: that barrier separates it from the region of cholera which is
subject to less restriction in its career. The Persians fly for safety to the mountains
from plague, as the natives of India fly from cholera. t

Venice and Marseilles are, after Constantinople, the cities that have last and most
severely suffered from plague. The lazaretto was first established in Venice (1403),
and is still maintained with much rigour in Marseilles. Venice is low on the lagoons ;
and is traversed by canals, which have all the offensive qualities of open sewers.
Marseilles lies near a great marsh and is surrounded by hills. Of the port M. Dubois
(d’Amiens) gave a graphical account, the accuracy of which was not disputed
in the discussions on quarantine. The old city lies low; the new city is spacious,
clean, airy, but surrounds the infected port. “ Seven or eight hundred vessels and
steamers lay ranged along the quays, floating in the black, fetid waters. I took a boat
to visit, in the company of a young physician of the place, the islands of Pomegue,
Ratonneau, and Chateau-d’If. The purity and perfect translucency of the waters of the
Mediterranean are well known ; but once we were on the water we had literally to hold
our noses at every stroke of the oar, so offensive were the exhalations. On regarding
the streets adjoining, I could imagine the frightful ravages of the plague on the same
day (August 25th), 125 years before. The port was a vast ditch into which the bodies
of the victims and of the dogs that devoured them were cast ; it was a city of Lower
Egypt; and as in the East they are content at the close of an epidemic to whitewash
the dwellings of the dead so it was in Marseilles. They never thought of disinfecting
the port which has ever since remained in much the same state.”! Marseilles is
perhaps in a worse condition than Liverpool ; it did not sutler so soon from cholera as
Paris, but the epidemic reached Marseilles in 1834, and devastated the city in 1834
and 1835.

It will he recollected that the Black Death of the fourteenth century first broke
out in Southampton, and was, like the plagues of the seventeenth century, excessively
fatal in London. This large undrained city and frequented port, inundated with im-
purities, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was infested by plague; and it
now becomes a matter of interest to know whether in those visitations the influence
of elevation of soil on the mortality was felt. The mortality pf each parish was
separately returned in 1665, and on comparing the burials in this great year of plague
with the burials returned in 1662-3, ^ w'll be seen that the epidemic generally

* Tournefort, Voyage du Levant, 1717; M. Sonlange Bodin, who passed the winter of 1844-5 at Erze-
roum as “Gerant du consulat de France/’ and Messieurs Bruner and Massa, two sanatory officers who
witnessed the plagues of 1840 and 1841, are the authorities cited, pp. 30-1.

t Memoire sur la Peste en Perse, par M. le Docfeur Laeheze. Rapport sur la Peste, Documens, &c.,
p. 289 — 299.

it Discourse of M, Dubois, 1846, May 19; p.687-8. Tardieu, Du Cholera Epidemique, pp. 87-90

xc The Plague in London.

prevailed more in the low than in the high districts ; but that the variation was much
less than in cholera.

SALUBRITY OF HIGH PLACES.

The human race is now destroyed periodically by five pestilences : cholera, remittent
fever, yellow fever, giandular plague, and influenza. The origin or chief seat of the
first is in the Delta of the Ganges; of the second, the African and other tropical
coasts ; of the third, the low west coast round the Gulf of Mexico or the Delta of the
Mississipi, and the West India Islands; of the fourth, the Delta of the Nile and the
low sea-side cities of the Mediterranean : of the generating field of influenza nothing
certain is known, but from the course of its epidemics one might be disposed to
look for it in Russia, perhaps among the fishing tribes of the Arctic Ocean, or in the
vast marshes of Sibeiia traversed by the Obv, the Yenisei, and the Lena; where the
Russian returns show that the mortality is higher than it is in many cities of Western
Europe. But as no system of medical observation — such as is in India — exists in
Siberia, the source of influenza must long remain enveloped in obscurity. Its fatality
at different elevations has also yet to be investigated.

The four great pestilential diseases — cholera, yellow fever, remittent fever, and
plague — have this property in common ; that they begin and are most fatal on low
ground ; that their latality diminishes in ascending the rivers, and is inconsiderable
around the river sources, except under such peculiar circumstances as are met with at
Erzeroum, where the features of a marshy sea-side city are seen at the foot of the
mountain chain of Ararat. Safety is found in flight to the hills and to the
desert, or in the removal of ships from infected ports to the open sea. Large masses

Increase of Mortality in the Plague-Year (1665), in all the Parishes of London, correspondiiu’
nearly with the Districts of the same name.

PARISHES AND DISTRICTS.

Elevation
in Feet
above
Trinity
High-water
Mark

of Thames.

1662

Burials in

1663

London.

Mean
of two
Years

(1662-3)

Plague

Year,

1665*

Deaths
in the
Hague
Year to
one Death
in ordinary
Years.

Westminster

2

848

793

821

4710

5 ■ 737

St. Martin, St. James, anil St. George

37

IIO7

IO9O

1099

4804

4*371

Islington

88

59

4r

5°

696

13-920

Hackney

55

IOI

73

87

232

2-667

St. Giles ........

68

719

793

756

4457

5-896

Strand

5°

683

594

639

2680

4-194

Clerkenwell

63

317

318

318

1863

5-858

East London 1 London without the (

42

2347

2229

2288

17456

7-629

West London/ Walls. (

28

2057

2033

2045

12452

6-089

London City

38

3123

3002

3063

15207

4*965

Shoreditch ........

43

29O

306

298

2669

8-956

Whitechapel

28

936

720

828

5890

7*114

Stepney

l6

1531

1241

1386

8598

6-203

North of tiie Thames .

••

14118

13233

13676

81714

5*975

St. Saviour

2

594

479

537

4235

7*886

St. Olave

2

829

648

739

5268

7-129

Bermondsey

O

387

318

353

1943

5-504

St. George Southwark .....

O

254

2 1 1

233

1613

6-923

Newington ........

— 2

76

188

132

1272

9-636

Lamheth

3

210

199

205

798

3-893

Rotherhithe .

O

77

80

79

304

3-848

South of the Thames .

• •

2427

2123

2275

15433

6-784

* 159 deaths at the Pest-house are not included in this Table. The anomaly in Islington cannot now be explained.

Influence of Locality on Race. xci

of men — armies, pilgrims, or sailors in foul ships — often carry the epidemic with them
to unhealthy places.

The people living on land of a certain elevation above the plains are not only safe
from the attacks of cholera, remittent fever, yellow fever, and plague, but they are in a
remarkable, degree exempt from other maladies. Their functions are healthy, and their
faculties are energetically developed. They present the finest types of the human race.
This is evident not only in Cashmere, Georgia, and Circassia, but in all the hill tribes of
India. The miserable natives of the Sunderbunds are below' them in all the character-
istic attributes of man. The Arabs and Abyssinians too, on the elevated lands of the
desert, and on the sides of the mountains from which the Nile descends, present a
striking superiority over the people of Lower Egypt ; their fiery life, love of liberty,
and warlike genius, place them immeasurably above the Fellahs. And it is not the
air of the sea that deteriorates the race, for the sea as it restores health also sustains
a seafaring people: and islanders generally, whether in the Pacific, the Mediterranean,
or the Atlantic, are above the standard type of the people on low rivers, and on the low-
coasts of continents. In Venice and Holland the sea appears for a long time to have
counteracted the degrading influences of low alluvial lands on fine original races.

The people bred on marshy coasts and low river margins, where pestilence is generated,
live sordidly, without liberty, without poetry, without virtue, without science. They
neither invent nor practise the arts; they possess neither hospitals, nor castles, nor habi-
tations fit to dwell in ; neither farms, freeholds, nor workshops. They are conquered
and oppressed by successive tribes of the stronger races, and appear to be incapable of
any form, of society except that in which they are slaves. Strangers no sooner set foot
or attempt to settle on the soil than the endemic terror attacks them as if to bid them
begone ; and if they remain, their institutions, palaces, and monuments, fall into ruins,
as the generations degenerate.

The sanatory influence of the hills in the tropics is well marked, and is now turned
to practical account. On the Neelgherry range, on high grounds, at Simla, and on hills
below the Himalaya, invalids that fever, dysentery, and cholera have shattered but
not killed, recover strength and inhale new life.* It is the same in the West Indies, in
Mexico, in the Mediterranean, in Asia Minor, in Italy, and in Africa. In the last
Niger expedition, amidst many excellent arrangements, two errors appear to have
been committed : the first, the attempt to effect any settlement of Europeans at all
near the river; and the second, the selection of Mount Stirling, 200 feet high, at
the confluence of the Niger and the Tchadda in lieu of Mount Paiteh, which rises
behind Mount Stirling to the height of 1160 feet above the level of the river,
forming on the summit an extensive flat plain on which there are several villages. I
“ The Albert” — after the fatal fever broke out on the river, and the officers, engineers,
and white sailors were sick or dead — was gallantly steamed down the waters by
McWilliam the senior medical officer, and Dr. Sanger. “The Albert” afterwards
sailed to the Island of Ascension. The healing effect of the hills was strikingly
experienced. “ On my arrival I was subject,” says Dr. McWilliam, “ to severe attacks
of ague, following the remittent fever of the Niger; and it tormented me for nearly six
weeks, while I remained on board the ship in the roads. I then went up to the
mountain quarters, and after one fit of ague, was rid of every symptom of the disease
as long as I continued on the island. It restored others who like him had been
reduced to the brink of death on the Delta of the Niger. “ How many,” he adds,
“naval medical officers on the African station have seen their sick daily wasting and
pining, and all their endeavours to relieve them unavailing so long as the vessel
remained on the coast? And what a salutary change have they witnessed as the result
of even a short residence at Ascension? The south-east trade wind blows perpetually
over this island, and the freshness of the atmosphere is singularly exhilarating to an
invalid from the coast.” The temperature of the lower districts is about 81°, while the

* On the sickness and mortality among troops upon the coast, plain, and table lands of the Madri
Station, see a valuable paper by T. Graham Balfour, M.D. Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal, No. 172.
t Medical History of the Niger Expedition, by Dr. McWilliam, p. 82. + Pp. 200-201.

xcn

Greece. Rome.

heat on the Green Mountain, with its peak 2870 feet above the level of the sea, is
72 on the flat land near the ridge on which the quarters are situated.

The ancients were well aware of the salubrity of islands and of the high lands; on
which the chief temples of .TSsciilapius {’AccXrjTrleia) were erected. The temples
of Cos and Delos were on islands. The temple of Las was on the summit of Mount
Ilium near the Gulf of Laconia; at a short distance flowed the pure and salutary
waters of the Smenus. The temple of Megalopolis in Arcadia, was on the eastern
brow of the mountain in a sacred grove ; for the temples were sometimes sheltered
from malaria by trees, and sometimes surrounded by gardens and consecrated ground
on which no buildings could he erected. The temple of Cyllene, in Elis, was near the
sea; but it was on Cape Hyrminius. Epidaurus, also on the sea-coast, was sur-
rounded by wood-crowned hills. The temples of Hygeia at ^Egium, of ^Esculapius
at Corona near the Gulf of Messena, and at Pergamus, were near springs of pure
water, or the sources of streams. The Greek temples of health were away from the
cities, isolated, near pure waters, on sweet, elevated places.* Hippocrates has sketched,
with the hand of a master, the effects of high and low land, of good and bad water, on
the diseases, energies, character, and intellect of men.f

The site of ancient Rome, on hills of nearly the same elevation as the high parts
of London, was as happily chosen to secure the health as the defence of the Roman
people. The Campagna extends from the Tiber southward along the coast for sixty
miles, and inland as far as the first slopes of the Apennines. In the vicinity of the coast
the land is low and swampy, but the remainder of the country — the great nursery of the
Roman people — is a vast expanse of table land seldom less than a hundred feet above
the level of the sea, and for the most part perfectly dry. In the midst of the plain
the isolated mass of the Alban hills “ divides the Campagna Proper from the deadly
level of the Pontine marshes.” About 18 miles from the month of the Tiber, the
stream sweeps round an alluvial meadow7 containing upw'ards of 300 English acres.
This is the Campus Martius from which a steep bank rises abruptly and then slopes
gradually into the table land, which forms the general surface of the country beyond.
The projecting bluffs of the bank, separated from each other and from the main tidge
by deep hollows, stand as small isolated hills with steep rocky escarpments, and are
the Capitoline, Palatine, and Avcntine hills ; the Coelian lies south-east of the Pala-
tine. Another ridge throws out the Esquiline, Viminal, and Quirinal. The Jani-
culum and the Vatican noted for its insalubrity, are on the right bank of the Tiber.
The Insula Tiberina is in the centre of the river, against the base of the Capitoline.
The Tiber at Rome is 33 feet above the sea level ; the summits of the hills range from
1 17 feet to 1 54 feet above the ordinary level of the Tiber. The Saburra, in the hollow’
between the Esquiline and the Quirinal, was one of the most busy and thickly-peopled
quarters of the city, but the public buildings and the habitations of the Roman people
in the most glorious period of their history, were on the seven hills. The site of the
city, as well as the great Aqueducts and Cloaca Maxima, evince an exquisite percep-
tion of the conditions on which warlike tribes might retain martial vigour in an Eternal
City. Non sine causa DU, hominesque hunc Urbi condendcc locum elcgcrunt, s.\ i.u-
berrimos coi.les, Jlumen opportunum , quo cx mediterraneis locis fruges devehantur ,
quo maritimi commealus accipiuntur : mare vicinum ad commoditates, ncc expositum
ninria propinquitate ad pericula classium externarum : regionum Italia; medium ad in-
crementum Urbis natum unicclocum.% Posted upon the hills, they, in the infancy of the
stale, subjugated the earth beneath by vast subterranean drains ; and gradually brought
distant springs underground and in aqueducts to supply the citizens with pure water.

* Hist, ile la Me'decine, par K. Sprengel, trad, par A. J. L. Jourdain, tome i. p. 140-4. — Kal yap
"EWijyes ’e v totois rcaOapoTs Kal v\j/7j\o7i imtiKws I8puy.tya t a ’A<TK\r,rta ixovtni'. — Plutarch, Qusest.
Roman., p. 286, cited by Sprengel.

f Treatise on Air, Earth, and Water (a-iol aijwv, iidruv, t orutj, c. 24. CEuvres completes d'Hippocrate,
pur E. Littr6, t. ii., p. 86.

J Oration of F. Camillus, in which .lie dissuades the people from abandoning the city after it was
burnt by the Gauls. — Livy, Dec. I., lib. v., cap. 30. — Vitruvius thus closes an eulogium of the site of
the city : — “ lta Divina Mens civitatem populi Komani egregia, temperatnqne regiouc collucuvit, uli ovbis
terrarum imperio potiretur,"

Modern Rome.

xcm

The chief Roman encampments of which traces remain in England, were on the
Malvern Hills, the Cotswold Hills, and other high spots, which even, when the country
was undrained, must have been healthy. Roman London was on a hill; the West-
minster of the monks in a swamp, as Peterborough and other monasteries were, pro-
bably for protection from the Northmen and Marauders. Many monasteries and
priories were on fine sites.

The military posts most easily defended in ancient times against an enemy are the
best defences against epidemics; and with the regularity of a general law, the first
cities, castles, and temples were on high places.

The modern Romans, remarkably enough, inhabit the low alluvial ground (Campus
Martius), which the Tiber embraces as the Thames does Southwark, and the low-
ground on the opposite banks of the river. The Quirinal and a part of the Capitoline
are still covered with habitations ; the Palatine, the Esquiline, the Coelian, and the
Aventine are deserted; the bells of conventual buildings alone disturb the silence
reigning in the waste among the crumbling ruins and vineyards.* * * § Lancisi has
traced the history of the great city through all its vicissitudes, until it was deserted
by the Roman pontiffs, and its population had dwindled down to thirty-three thousand ;
hut he leaves it uncertain when the people descended from the hills.*]* Leo X., who
filled the city with strangers, suffered his new colonists to build on the Campus
Martius, and the other low grounds were occupied although the houses were infested
by the inundations of the Tiber. Tiberinis alluvionibus incolas humilium Urbis regi-
onura ssepe diuturnis, ssepe etiarn saevioribus segritudinibus loborasse, luculentius ipsa
plebis clades, et luctus testatur, quam ut ab auctoriiate, vel ratione testimonia repeta-
mus,J says Lancisi, writing in 1710. Cholera, in four months — July, August, Sep-
tember, and October, 1837 — destroyed 5419 of these fallen people, who did not exceed
156,000 in number. §

As the power of the Egyptians descended from the Thebaid to Memphis, from Mem-
phis to Sais, they gradually degenerated ; notwithstanding the elevation of their towns
above the high waters of the Nile, their hygienic laws, and the hydrographical and
other great sanatory arrangements which made the country renowned justly or unjustly
for its salubrity in the days of Herodotus. The poison of the Delta, in every time of
weakness and successful invasion, gradually gained the ascendancy; and as the cities
declined, the canals and the embalmments of the dead were neglected, — the plague
gained ground. The people, subjugated by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Turks,
Mamelukes, became what they have been for centuries, and what they are in the
present day. Every race that settled in the Delta degenerated, and was only sustained
by immigration. So likewise the populations on the sites of all the city-states of
antiquity on the coast of Syria, Asia Minor, Africa, Italy, seated like the people of
Rome on low ground, under the ruin-clad hills of their ancestors, within reach of
fever and plague — are enervated and debased apparently beyond redemption. The
history of the nations on the Mediterranean, on the plains of the Euphrates and
Tigris, the deltas of the Indus and the Ganges, and the rivers of China, exhibits this
great fact — the gradual descent of races from the high lands, their establishment on the
coasts in cities sustained and refreshed for a season by immigration from the interior;
their degradation in successive generations under the influence of the unhealthy earth,
and their final ruin, efFacement, or subjugation by new races of conquerors. The

* Rome Illustrated, H. Noel Humphreys, p. 23-4.

f See in Roman Antiquities, by W. Ramsay, 1851, an admirable digest of the researches of Bunsen
and others in their Beschreibung der Rom. See also the tine piece of Medical Topography, by Lancisi,
Dissertatio de Nativis, deque adventitiis Romani coeli qualitatibus, — Opera, 1718. Niebuhr says that
•‘Rome has now no right to its name; it is an entirely foreign vegetation that has grown upon a part of
the old soil, as insignificant and thoroughly modern in its style as possible, without nationality and with-
out history. * * * Science is utterly extinct here. * * * The people are apathetic, and truly

if ever they were remarkable in any way for personal appearance, they must have strangely altered.” —
Life and Letters of Niebuhr, by Bunsen, Brandis, and Loebell.

J De Adv. Rom. Coeli, cap. xi.

§ Report of the Roman Board of Health, cited in Medical Annual, p. 204, 1839. And McCulloch’s
Geographical and Statistical Dictionary.

xciv ' Sanatory Instinct.

causes that destroy individual men lay cities waste which in their nature are immortal,
and silently undermine eternal empires.

Giace l’alta Cartago : appena i segni
Dell ’alte sue ruine il lido serba :

Muoiono le cittk, muoiono i regni ;

Copre i fasti e le pompe arena ed erba.*

It is unlikely that mankind should be left exclusively to the guidance either of
calculation or experience in matters of so much importance as the character, vigour,
health, and existence of race. The species of the vegetable kingdom, from the moss
to the cedar of Lebanon ; the rush, grass, oat, heath; the willow, oak, beech, hazel,
birch ; the sugar-cane, palm, date, olive, vine, barley, find by some affinity con-
genial fields of growth in the tropics, the temperate and the frigid zones, on the low
marshy coast, meadows, fields, uplands, sub-alpiue, or alpine regions of the earth ; and
the tribes of the animal kingdom, on a similar principle or by a sort of instinct, find
homes in the great deep, on the plains, by springs on the hill sides, or in upper air;
the infusoria, reptiles, aquatic fowls, the beasts of the forest and field, the birds of the
moor, and the eagle, have their haunts, and choose or change their habitation not
by any effort of reason, but by an inborn infallible instinct : and man has also an
instinctive sense which draws hint to the healthy places of the earth, and makes the
lands in which his race dies and is degraded repulsive. In dank marshes surrounded
by stagnant waters, and in hollow places of the earth covered with reptiles, we feel
oppressed ; on the plain, where the breezes sweep over the herbage, the mind as well
as the body is at ease ; and as we ascend the uplands of England, pass large flourish-
ing trees by fresh waters, or mounting still higher see the living springs burst from the
earth, the hills covered with heather, the woods, fields, and plains stretched out in
endless undulations below, the chest expands in the elastic air, and the soul seems to
drink in deeper draughts of Life. On the high lands men feel the loftiest emotions.
Every tradition places their origin there. The first nations worshipped there. High
on the Indian Caucasus, on Olympus, and on other lofty mountains, the Indians and
Greeks imagined the abodes of their highest gods; while they peopled the low under-
ground regions, the graveland of mortality, with infernal deities. These myths have
a deep signification. Man feels his immortality in the hills.

The teverous depressed spirits of the sick on the tropical shores revive at the
sight of the hills. The Niger expedition was attacked by the African fever some
days after the vessels had passed through the Delta, and the patients from the
commencement fell into a state of great depression, which their impending fate
justified : “ Yet,” says the medical historian, “ on approaching the confluence of the
Niger and the Tchadda, where the hills around them rose precipitous, and the high
table land was seen stretching from north-east to south-west, the effect of the high
land on the energies of the sick was extraordinary. This moral stimulant seemed
to exert a most salutary influence upon men who had not for days raised their heads
from the pillow ; many now began to look up and call to mind hills in their own
country, which they fancied bore a resemblance to those around them.”|

The effect of high and low land is as real, but not so obvious, in England as it is in the
tropics. The Saxons and the Northmen came to these islands in ships, and their de-
scendants retain an inextinguishable passion for the sea. In summer and in seasons of
sickness English families flv to the sea-side; in the winter they resort to warm, sheltered
spots in the south of England or on the western coast. The boatmen, fishermen, and sea-
men are generally a hardy, adventurous race. The coast is in many parts precipitous, and
the high districts are healthy. In the low, marshy tracts along the southern and

* Tasso. Imperfectly rendered by Fairfax —

Great Cartilage low in aslie9 cold dotli lie,

Her ruins poor the herbs in height scant pass;

So cities fall, so perish kingdoms high ;

Their pride and pomp lie hid in sand and grass.

f McWilliam, p. 76. Other examples are found of the moral effect of high healthy places in tht
journals of travellers.

Healthy Places have Fine Breeds of Animals. xcv

eastern coast and the estuaries of rivers, the health of the people is depressed. Around
the Wash the mortality approaches that of the Tuscan Maremme. The Atlantic has,
however, some sanatory as well as commercial advantages over the tideless Mediter-
ranean.

The extensive observations which have been collected under the Registration Act,
and the calculations in this Report, show indisputably that the elevation of the soil
exercises as decided an influence on the English race as it does on the native races of
other climates and soils.

The great, striking, practical fact which the Inquiry into the Mortality of Cholera
in England has elicited, is the influence of slight degrees of elevation. In the vast
population of London it is rendered evident. In the part of the parish of Lambeth
near the level of the Thames, the cholera, in ioooo inhabitants, destroyed 163 ; at
Kennington, 8 feet high, 90; at Brixton, 56 feet high, 55 ; and, finally, in Norwood,
the highest subdistrict of the parish, where the inhabitants are at least 128 feet above
the river, only 5 in ioooo: and this was not accidental. Elevation within these
moderate limits operated with the regularity of a general law ; and the influence of
elevation has been felt all over the kingdom. Everywhere the low cities have suffered.

Besides the trial which the population has gone through in the epidemic of the world,
there is another test of health: the longevity of the inhabitants of various places, and
the rate of mortality experienced from ordinary causes, and home epidemics. The
hundred diseases which atflict, derange, and destroy the frame of man acknowledge
various causes; camps and cities suffer certainly on low ground from one train of dis-
eases; in high localities starvation, density, impurities, generate other maladies which
are not less certainly fatal. The mortality of a dense, dirty city, on a hill, seated on
cesspools, and ill supplied with water, may be higher than the mortality of an open town
on the margin of low marshes; but the other conditions being equal the mortality in
the long run will be greatest in the low situation. The causes which make cholera,
plague, remittent fever, yellow fever, periodically fatal, are always in operation, and
furnish their daily quota to the hospital, the sick chamber, and the grave. Accordingly
we find on reverting to the Tables of Mortality, for the seven years 1838-44, that, as a
general rule, the mortality declines as we ascend the rivers. The majority of the
healthy districts are at a certain elevation above the sea.

Such is the variety of the soil of England, that tested by the rates of mortality
• — the children reared out of a given number born — the longevity of the inhabitants —
the freedom from common epidemics — or the immunity from cholera, healthy districts
are found in nearly every county. Large tracts of country are, how'ever, so much
healthier than the vest, that they may be justly called Salubrious Fields ; and it is
remarkable that here the finest races of animals are bred. The north districts
of Northumberland around the beautiful Cheviot hills, covered with grasses, ferns,
wild thyme — extending from the region of the heaths to the rich cultivated land
at their bases, touching each other, or intersected by narrow valleys; the districts
extending from the Tees over the North and East Ridings of York 10 Leicestershire,
Herefordshire, and parts of Shropshire ; some of the districts of Gloucestershire about
the Cotswold hills ; parts of Wales; Nortli Devon including Dartmoor and Exmoor;
the Surrey and Sussex hills with the Southdowns, have given names to the best breeds
of sheep, fowls, cattle, and horses in the kingdom. The Old Lincoln and the Romney
Marsh breeds of sheep attained a large size in the rich pastures of the drained fens ; but
they have either altogether given way to the other breeds, or been modified by the blood
of other races. The immense dray horse of London is bred in the fens of Lincolnshire
and Cambridgeshire. He is massive and powerful, but is slow, without mettle, without
action ; he does not step out, and is unanimated by the fire of the better breeds. The
mountain races of horses, cattle, and sheep are small, for the herbage is scanty, but
they are hardy, energetic, and intelligent. Their bulk augments on richer pastures,
and appears, with the loss of some of the higher qualities, to attain its maximum in
the drained fen land. The horse which in Arabia, Barbary, Persia, and England
attains so high a development, is said to degenerate on the low coasts of Africa and
Asia ; but we have no means of tracing the certain degeneration on unhealthy soils

xcvi

Effects of the Earth on Race.

either of these animals, of' oxen, or of sheep, in England. All that is well known
is the improvement in healthy districts, and the fatal effects of marshes and of the un-
healthy atmosphere of towns on the higher classes of animals.*

The dry and most inland are not always the healthiest regions of the country. The
salubrious fields are sometimes watered by running streams, and diversified by lakes;
the dew is abundant ; they are often veiled — not by infectious fogs — but by mists drawn
from the sky as it breathes over them ; the mountains rise over, the ocean rolls at
the distance below them, as on the coast of Sussex, North Devon, the western region of
Wales, extending under Snowdon and Cader Idris in a vast amphitheatre round Cardigan
Bay ; the lake land and moors of the North, rising between the Irish Sea and the German
Ocean. The land is sometimes heathy, but may be covered by the sweetest herbage, and
bees feeding on the flowers: the cereal grains, the hop, the timber, are often of the
finest quality; the animals are healthy, the native breeds are vigorous, and those fine
varieties are produced at intervals, which men of the genius of Bakewell, Ellman,
Tomkins, Colling, and O’Kelly, make the permanent stock of the country. Industry and
the army receive their best recruits from the population ; while they get their worst from
the people of the low parts of sickly towns. Agriculture has reclaimed many unhealthy
districts on the plains, so that a considerable extent of the cultivated land is now in a
stale of comparative salubrity ; and vast systems of drainage have subdued the noxious
fens, although carried out less efficiently than is desirable, and interfered with by mill-
dams on the rivers, descending like the Nene, from the inland highlands.

The population is never uniformly distributed over a country. The soil is washed
down into the valleys, and is followed by a fertile vegetation, which supplies animals,
and finally man, with food. The places of resort for the performance of public acts,
and for the interchange of commodities, have usually a central situation, easily acces-
sible along level roads, where water is abundant: accordingly almost all inland towns
of any magnitude are on rivers ; and as the commerce by sea increases, the population
is brought down to the coast, or to the point up to which the river is navigable by large
vessels. The seaport towns are frequently near the deltas of rivers on low coasts; and
higher up the rivers a large part of the people are often so insensible that they
sink or settle on the lowest ground, to avoid the labour and expense of living on the
better sites which are in the neighbourhood. Canals have also had a tendency to
draw the population down to low towns on their banks.

The population of England increased slowly in the seventeenth and in the first half
of the eighteenth century. The towns and seaports were not then places of great mag-
nitude, and their population was sustained by immigrants from the country — the high
nursing grounds of the kingdom. “ The supply of London alone,” says Davenant,
from King’s observations, “ takes up above half the neat increase of the kingdom.”
The burials greatly exceeded the christenings in London, and it is probable that of the
whole population of England only an insignificant portion was born in the low parts
of towns and ports. The great increase of the town population in the present century
is chiefly due to immigration; which has not only sustained the old proportion of
the population, but has introduced a great excess of healthy life from the high
inlands. The result is, that a large proportion of the population of England is now in
the low seaports, manufacturing towns, and cities. The population in 117 districts,
comprising tiie chief towns, was 6,612,958 in 1841, and 7,795,882 in 1851 ; the popu-
lation in 506 districts, comprising chiefly small towns and country parishes, was
9,301,190 m 1841, and 10,126,886 in 1851. A large proportion of the next generation
of Englishmen w ill consequently lie horn in town districts ; some of which are high and
healthy, while others, low, insalubrious, subject to inundations and to the incursions of
cholera, present many of the circumstances in which a degradation of race is inevitable.
So, while the drainage of the marshes, the cultivation of the soil, the sanatory mea-
sures in the old towns, and the diffusion of education have tended to promote the

* The Domesticated Animals of the British Islands, by David Low, Esq., Prof, of Agriculture. Univ.
Edinburgh, 1845. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, vol, ix.. Prize Essay — On
Farm Horses, by \Y. C. Spooner, p. 249; and Prize Essay — On Cattle, by Hall W. Keary, p, 425.

Degeneration of Race in Unhealthy Places. xcvii

amelioration of the English race; the descent of the population to the low place-;,
which have in the last ten years increased twice as fast (2 percent, per annum), as the
healthy parts — the sudden growth of large mining and manufacturing places left un-
drained, ill-cleansed — the liberation of multiplying vagabonds and criminals who were
in the old times transported, cruelly destroyed by jail fever or hanged, have had a ten-
dency to increase the proportion of deteriorated organizations. Idiots and lunatics, who
are no longer plunged in cells for a short life, and other persons labouring under hereditary
diseases, are also increasing, probably from a similar cause. In addition to the inhabit-
ants of the old towns, which have always been fatal, several millions of people are
now in the seaports, in South Wales, in Staffordshire, in the mining districts of the
north, in the towns of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and in the dense districts of Lan-
cashire; where the health of parents is depressed, and the circumstances are often so
prejudicial to their offspring that of the coming generation five instead of two of every
ten born are destroyed in the first five years of life, and the survivors, with a few
happy exceptions, are left with shattered, feeble, febrile, and disorganized frames. The
countenance of the children is painful in these districts; and in all the places where
cholera has raged, presents the most striking contrast to the healthy, hardy aspect of
the children in salubrious fields. Their degeneration is as inevitable as the degenera-
tion of horses, oxen, sheep, in circumstances equally unfavourable.

All analogy, however, proves that no extensive or permanent degeneration of a race
can be accomplished in less than two or three generations. The great change is as
slow and insidious as it is certain. It is rarely perceived by its victims; who remain
rooted and benumbed on the spot unless they and the community are aroused by
sudden and terrible catastrophes. That angel which, it would seem, it has pleased the
Almighty Creator and Preserver of Mankind to charge with this dread mission is the
Pestilence. Wherever the human race, yielding to ignorance, indolence, or accident, is
in such a situation as to be liable to lose its strength, courage, liberty, wisdom, lofty
emotions — t lie plague, the fever, or the cholera comes ; not committing havoc perpetually,
but. turning men to destruction, and then suddenly ceasing, that they may consider. As
the lost father speaks to the family and the slight epidemic to the city, so the pestilence
speaks to nations in order that greater calamities than the untimely death of the popu-
lation may be averted. For to a- nation of good and noble men Death is a less evil than
Degradation of Race.

The acknowledged greatness of England has been variously accounted for; and it
would be illogical to refer it to any single circumstance. Among its primary causes
are, however, unquestionably to be classed the character and quality of the race of men
— derived in happy proportions from a Scandinavian, Celtic and Saxon, stock — and bred
mostly in pure air on the hills and grounds of moderate height supplied with
running water, or on the fertile plains and valleys of an island, pregnant with mineral
wealth and well placed for commerce on the frontier of the old and in the way to the
new world. Englishmen have derived weapons in industry and war from the coal and
iron mines ; but their strength and courage, in modern as in ancient days, came from
other sources. Their skill, industry, science, religion, justice, freedom, sense of duty,
love of country, and goodwill for other people, have all contributed to their success;
they were bestowed on them by nature, circulate in their blood, and beat in their hearts.
No race of men, living in maremmas, marshes, deltas, low sea-coasts, low river-
sides, could have acquired or wielded the Power of this Empire.

In the ten years 1841-50 more than 744,809 children were born in seventeen port
districts, six inland districts, and eleven districts of London on the south side of the
Thames, where cholera destroyed 26258 lives in 1849; and it is probable that more
than one-fourth part of the next generation of the English race will be born and
bred in insalubrious places, which must in the long run induce degenei acy. The
proportion of such births is rapidly increasing. Is it not time, then, to take heed ?
Are we not on the verge of a great calamity ? This question is more than a
question of life and death for the people. If degeneration should extend, and large
numbers of the English race be divested of its noblest characteristics, their recla-
mation would be an arduous if not impracticable undertaking. For while nature

h

xcviii Safety in a Cholera Epidemic.

in time supplies a loss of numbers, it is difficult by the most consummate art in
favourable circumstances, to retrieve the loss of generous qualities. How few genuine
instances are there of the regeneration of a fallen man, class, or nation?

Facilis descensus Averni :

Noctes atque dies patet atri jauua Ditis :

Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere ad auras,

Hoc opus, hie labor est. Pauci, quos cequus amavit
Jupiter, aut ardens evexit ad aethera virtus,

Diis geniti, potuere.*

Great Britain enjoys undoubtedly many advantages over the Babylons of the ancient
world, and the decayed maritime city-states. Extensive habitable highlands and fertile
fields must always be the birth-place of a majority of its children. Its population and
power can never be circumscribed within a single city or within the low ports of an
alluvial coast ; and it is surrounded by the refreshing sea. The vast populations which
have recently settled in bad localities may almost invariably find in the neighbourhood,
sites at elevations which in these latitudes cholera does not climb. With wealth, in-
dustry, and science at command, it is still possible to drain, and supply with pure water
and a purer air, districts as low as Southwark, Westminster, Liverpool, and Hull;
thus disarming them of much of their fatal power.

But malaria begets apathy. The unhappy inhabitants of unhealthy places dis-
regarded statistical calculations — the counsels of their medical men — the analogies of
nature, and the results of experience. The wan looks of their children, and the mul-
titudinous Voices of their Dead did not move them. The Community was also in the
wrong ; for the laws left them without warning, punishment, or effectual assistance.
Then Cholera came ; and in two heavy visitations carried off’ more victims than the
United Kingdom has lost in many wars. It may, if nothing is done, after a season
return, for it still reigns in India-t But let these human sacrifices suffice. The great
Sanatory Reforms which will shield the country from pestilence, while they save the
lives of thousands, will prevent the degradation of successive generations; and promote
the amelioration and perfection of the Human Race.

The organic matter and the water of a country are constantly carried from the high
grounds down to the sea. The water, by simple evaporation, and a large part of the
organic matter by conversion into volatile ammonia and carbonic acid gas, are raised
and redistributed through the atmosphere over the world ; but the incessant aid of
living beings is required to sustain the equilibrium. Sea fish and sea birds live on
the residual spoil. And that man may fight against the eternal force of gravitation,
and carry up and fix the falling matter on the High Places of the earth, these have
by their salubrity been especially designated for the sites of a larger portion of his
great works, his dwellings, and his cities: but a rank soil, and immediate com-
mercial facilities, have too often led him to dwell near the low estuaries of the sea.
Our life is fleeting ; a generation soon passes away. But the economy of nature is
the embodied wisdom of God, and His operations extend through an endless series of
countless ages. The existence of the present living races has been rendered possible
by processes and formations in the earliest geological eras; and the remotest
generations of men are indissolubly connected in one immortal race, susceptible of
an indefinite, glorious development. It should not, then, excite our surprise that in the
vast arrangements of nature the conditions of well-being and of happiness should

* Smooth the descent to hell : both day and night
The gates of gloomy Dis wide open stand :

But difficult, the task thence hack to escape
And gain the unclouded sky. This mighty toil
None can achieve, except the chosen few
Whom Jove regards, or they of heavenly birth
Whose soaring virtue bears them to the stars. — Horace Mann.
t Assistant-Surgeon Balfour, iu his interesting Tract on Cholera, shows that the disease is as fatal
now as it ever was in India.

Armies,

XC1X

be secured for the generations of men who are to live through thousands of years to come.
Organic matter must be carried to the raised ground and high lands by man. There he
must dwell. In fulfilling this law he escapes from the terrible pestilence, retains his
health, exalts his race, and has the fairest opportunity of recovering that Divine Image
after which he is continually aspiring.

CONCLUSION.

The history of cholera, and the knowledge which we have acquired of the circum-
stances in which pestilences are fatal, suggest some useful practical rules and works.

(x.) Persons who have the means may, by an early removal from an infected, dis-
trict, always find safety in such salubrious districts, as the tables show, had deaths
neither from diarrhoea nor cholera in the year i 849. The sportsman on the moors, and
the people near the river sources of the country, in the first week ol September, when
the cholera killed 2157 persons in London and 4991 persons in other places, were in
those high situations in no danger whatever of an attack. Many people left London
and went, as usual, to the sea-side. This was an error : sometimes the disease within
them was developed on the low land ; sometimes they were attacked, not only in the
towns, but in the villages on the coast.

(2.) Strangers who can avoid it should not visit a town in an epidemic. They appear
to be peculiarly liable to an attack. Persons whose duties confine them to an infected
town will find that removal from districts in which the epidemic is raging, to high, clean
districts of the same town, insures a great degree of immunity.

(3.) In outbreaks, where it may be necessary to move large numbers of people, they
should be sent to high, dry ground, where good water can be procured. Clean
ships generally find safety by going out to sea ; armies , by removing from the camp in
which they are attacked, and encamping on high ground.

(4.) High places are also generally safe asylums from plague, yellow fever, remittent
fever, and ague. It is necessary in the epidemics, as it is in cholera, to keep away from
marshes and rivers in the lower parts of their course, and to obtain water, if possible,
from unpolluted springs.

(5.) Armies sutler more from cholera on march or immediately afterwards, than they
do in station. Many instances are adduced from Indian experience by Mr. Orton ; and
the fact is placed beyond doubt by the statistical analyses of Assistant-Surgeon Balfour.*
The encampments and marches of the Indian armies lie often by rivers, on low grounds.
Cholera found the Marquess of Hastings near the margin of the Sinde, in Bundlekund, on
November 7, 1817, and destroyed in one week 764 fighting men, and some thousands of the
camp-followers of the grand army ; it ceased alter the 19th, when he crossed the clear
stream of the Betwah, and encamped upon its high and dry banks at Erich. f Colonel
Pearse had been marching, in 1781, on the sea-coast six days through “ sand and sea
water,” when his 5,000 men were “ attacked with inconceivable fury,” and the road was
strewed with the dead in the first well-recorded epidemic of Asiatic cholera. J

* See some good observations on the movement of troops, in the “ Statistics of Cholera,” by Assistant
Surgeon Edward Balfour. He shows, that of the native soldiers of the Madras army, 32 died of cholera
in cantonment, 86 when marching, to an average strength of 10000. The attacks were respectively 85
and 200 in 10000. l)r. Lorimer's Reports show that the troops were more frequently attacked on long
than on short marches : thus, the troops in 219 marches of 20 — 40 days were attacked 39 times ; while
in 14 marches of 100 — 120 days they were attacked 7 times. If we take 100 marches as the basis, they
were attacked 18 times in about 30 days, in the one case; while in the other case they were attacked
50 times in about no days, that is. at the rate of 14 times in 30 days. This is no proof that fatigue
increases the liability to attack; it only proves that, 011 the long marches, the men are exposed a longer
time to the causes of the disease.

Mr. Balfour would assuredly expect more men to be wounded in a battle of three days, than in a
battle of one day’s duration.

It would be a great advantage if soldiers in the field could sleep on raised camp beds.

f Jameson on Cholera, pp. 15, 16.

I Algiers is as fatal to the French as India is to the English soldier; for the annual mortality was,
as M. Boudin has shown, in his valuable papers on Algeria, and “ Statisque de l’Armee,” 7-58 per
cent, in 1837-46, or four times as great as the mortality (i-86 percent, in 1842-6) in France. The
mortality was as low as 4'5 in x 83 8, and as high as 14-1 per cent, in 1840 : it varied at the different

c Travellers. Quarantine.

If an army had been marched through or encamped on the low streets of Southwark
south of the Thames, in August 1849, it would no doubt have suffered severely from
cholera ; while it might have been moved down the high roads north or south of London
with impunity. The danger from pestilence of every kind is diminished by keeping
troops on high ground : they often lose their strength, and perhaps some of their courage
as well as health, on low ground near rivers and marshes ; which, judging- by the event,
notwithstanding some advantages, make as bad lines of defence for armies as they do
places of refuge for feeble nations, who only survive and permanently resist in the hills.

The Walcheren expedition is an illustration of the fate of military operations on the
deltas of great rivers, or on the low islands at their mouths.* *

The Peninsular war offers an example of a different kind : our troops suffered severely
on the Guadiana: but the earth fought for the English on the high lines of Torres
Vedras ; and against Massena in the humid plains below until he retired to Santarem,
and finally retreated with the loss of 40000 veterans. The French army remained
starving for five winter months, in the midst of marshes ; and the disastrous incidents
of the retreat showed that they there lost many of their finest qualities. f They began
the retreat with 10000 sick.

(6.) Travellers in unexplored countries should not rest on low, swampy spots; they
have the best chance of preserving their health and the health of their horses and cattle
by passing the nights on high ground, in the neighbourhood of springs, or near small
rapid rivers. The two Landers, after Captain Clapperton, by adopting this course,
landing at Badagry, and, as their map and journal show, keeping on the high grounds,
arrived at Yaouri, and both succeeded in descending the Niger alive. ij; An attentive
examination of journals of travels establishes the value of this rule.

(7.) Intercommunication. It does not appear that the Quarantine has been of any
avail in cholera. But the arrangements of all the lower classes ol vessels are far from
satisfactory ; and the circulation of dirty pestilential ships like the “ Eclair,” from low port
to low port is not unattended with danger to the health of the community. A sanatory
maritime police is therefore indispensable ; into which it would be advantageous to
convert all the quarantine officers of Europe. The futile, superstitious practices of the
lazarettos are as contemptible in the eyes of science as they are injurious to c®mmerce.§
Vagrants are the pestilential ships of the land ; and they carry diseases and zymotic

stations in 1845, an<i was 3‘b Algiers, 3*7 in Mostaganem, 4*2 in Oran, 5*5 in llulippi ville, 6*6 in
Dlidah, and 14*1 in El-Arouch. The following order, addressed by Marshal Pugeaud, in 1847, to his
Generals, shows that the French had become alive to the danger of encamping on low grounds : —

“ J’ai remarque que MM. les commandants de colonne choisissent lenr eampement an bold des cours
d’eau, dans l’intention louable sans doute d'eviter a leurs troupes des corvees pour aller a l ean. Mais
l’experience a demontre que celto maniere de camper donne un nombre considerable de nralades. — live
seule mat passe'e dans un bus-fond stiff t quelquefois pour donner tine ceutaine de v abides stir un effect if
de. 3000 homines. On comprend avec quelle rapidite une colonne serait fondue si cette maniere de
camper se renouvelait.

“ Je recommande done de la maniere la plus formelle a tous les commandants de colonne de choisir
toujours leurs campements sur des hauteurs et des coteaux, toutc-s les fois que le terrain le permettra. —
Pourvu que I on puisse bien se garder dans la position que l’on choisif, peu imporle la forme donnee an
canqi si Ton est dans un endroit salubro. 11 vaut inliniment mieux imposer quelques corvees aux homines
pour aller a l’eau et pour meuer les chevaux et mulets a l’abreuvoir. La saute des soldats en souflrira
beaucoup moins que de camper dans un endroit souniis a des influences morbides.”

* “ Select Dissertations,’- by Sir Gilbert Blane, Dis. III. He notices that those who slept in the upper
stories of houses were less liable to the Walcheren fever, and had it in a milder form, than those who
slept on the ground floors. Dr. Ferguson remarked in St. Domingo, that two-thirds more men were
taken ill on the ground floors than on the upper stories. The celebrate I Dr. Cullen observed the same
thing in the sickness which he witnessed in Porto Delhi in the year 1740. p. 91.

f Dispatches of the Duke of Wellington, vol. v i i . , pp. 256, 270, 448. “ I never saw an army so

healthy as this [the English], Indeed I may say that we have scarcely any sick, excepting in the
Walcheren regiments."’ — 16 Feb., 181 1. “ 'I he enemy’s loss in this expedition to Portugal is immense ;

I should think not less titan 45000 men, including the sick and wounded; and 1 think that, including
the 9th corps, they may have 40000 on this frontier.” — 9 til April, 1811.

Napier, Peninsular War, vol. iii., Hook xii.

Alison, History of Europe, c. 63.

£ Landers’ Niger Expedition.

See the details in the French Deport on Quarantine.

Food. Water.

ci

venoms, as well as vermin and vice, to lodging-houses, workhouses, and gaols over the
country. This peculiar and degraded race can only be dealt with by special measures.

(8.) Food. The temperate use of sound meat, bread, rice, potatoes, grapes, apples,
and other fruit for food — with exercise — and sweet water, beer, cider, wine, for beverage,
are excellent preservatives before and in times of pestilence. The first great epidemic
of cholera in India was preceded by the failure and deterioration of the rice crops;
and in England the large importations of grain for three years before 1832 and before
1849 show that the home crop of food had failed, and suffered in quality. The vege-
table acids and other compounds in fruits are an essential part of food: that the want
of them causes scurvy, undermines the general health, and prepares the way for
the zymotic diseases, is proved by the experience of the Navy, and by the most
decisive observations.

The exemption of Herefordshire from cholera is evidence that cider , notwithstanding
the popular prejudice, is a much safer beverage in the time of an epidemic than the
spirits which were so largely consumed during the time of cholera in the places where
it was most fatal.*

(9.) Water. The precautions to take against cholera, in regard to water, are well
stated by Dr. Snow ; and they are of so simple a nature that, considering all the facts, no
person can prudently neglect them.f

(a.) Water into which sewers flow, or which is navigated by persons living in boats,
or which is any other way contaminated by the contents of drains or cesspools, should
be entirely disused.

[To warn any class of men against the use of unclean excremental water, even filtered,
may appear useless. But it is now known that it enters into the supply of some of the
principal cities of Europe, and contaminates the eau sucree of Paris as well as the
house water of London. The disagreeable revolting nature of this truth has probably
been a cause of its suppression, and the consequent perpetuation of an insufferable
nuisance.]

(b.) Hand-basins and towels, with sufficient water, should always be in readiness in
the sick person’s room, where every one should observe strict cleanliness: nurses and
other people should invariably wash their hands before touching food.

(c.) The healthy should be separated from the sick, and be lemoved to another abode
when they have no place but the sick-room in which to prepare and take their
meals.

id.) Soiled linen should be immersed in water until it can be scalded and washed ;
for if it should become dry the matter might be wafted about in the form of dust.
[The washing of the linen of cholera patients in the ordinary way is apparently not
unattended with danger.]

The sanatory value of pure water, as well as the danger of habitually using water
holding organic matter of any sort in solution, has been known from the earliest period.
Instinct and science hallow springs and streams of living water. It is a difficult
engineering task to place an adequate supply of fresh water within the reach of every
householder in the large towns : but the task is of such vital importance that it cannot
be neglected ; and the mission of bringing it within the range of the municipal insti-
tutions of London, Paris, and every city, is too beneficent to be overlooked by
statesmen. The quality of the best water is only to be discovered by experience;

* It lias been shown, in the Lancet of January 31st, 1852, that the pickles now on sale in London
contain copper solutions, which, taken in considerable quantity, induce attacks somewhat resembling cho-
lera. £- In the whole of 16 different samples of pickles analyzed for copper, that poisonous metal was
discovered in various amounts: 2 of the samples contained a small quantity ; 8 rather much ; 1 a con-
siderable quantity; 3 a very considerable quantity; in 1 copper was present in highly deleterious
amount ; and in 2, in poisonous amounts,” The vinegar was weak, and adulterated with sulphuric acid.
These analyses of the common articles of food are a great public benefit, and will promote public health
by increasing the vigilance, skill, and honesty of manufacturers and traders. Pickles, properly made,
are wholesome articles of food ; and much of their discredit is 110 doubt due to the adulterations so ably
exposed by the Lancet.

f Slightly altered from Paper on Cholera, by J. Snow, M.D., p. 23.; read May 5, June 2, 1851,
before the Epidemiological Society.’ j

cii Refuse. Air. Earth. Sites.

and may be learnt with sufficient accuracy from analyses of the waters of the salubrious
fields.

(io.) Refuse. Water, vegetables, hay, grain, cattle, food of every kind, worth many
thousands of pounds sterling, are brought from the country every week into the towns
of the kingdom. The consumption of this matter by men and animals destroys a great
part of its value: and the practice has been (i), to throw the refuse into the streets;
(2), to deposit it in cesspools; (3), to wash it down the sewers into the rivers. The
third is the modern practice in England ; and where the river water is not used, is, in
low towns, the least evil. But it has these intolerable disadvantages: that the sewers
invariably emit poisonous vapours, that the rivers are polluted, and that the organic
matter is thrown away. It becomes, then, a great question whether, by the use of
ashes, peat charcoal, or some other stuff, a modification of the old system of nighlmen,
mechanical arrangements, and the use of the railways and canals, the manure of the
towns may not be returned to fertilize the fields of the country in the place of guano ;
for which it is found to be an adequate substitute.*

(ti.) Air, not stagnant — sweet, pure, and dry, rather than moist— is the healthiest ;
and is sometimes a preservative against pestilence on ground otherwise unfavourably
placed and watered : but pure air and water are almost inseparable, and conversely so
are impure air and impure water. Lancisi lays it down as a physiological axiom :
ubi bonce sunt aqux, ibi bonus, ubi mala:, malus itidem est a'er.\

The air of London and of many of the large towns of the island, is moist and
foggy. The low situation of parts of the ground, and the vast extent of the evapo-
rating surface of the rivers, often warmer than the air, are the causes of the excess of
fog. No water should, therefore, be thrown artificially into the London atmosphere.
Fountains in damp places are evils. Lakes lying between mountain ranges, beat by
the impetuous winds, and traversed by rivers, as Lake Leman is by the Rhone, are
beautiful and salubrious. The latter qualification, at least, must lie refused to stagnant
waters in low situations. It is true that a strong stream of fresh w'ater, discharged
through the lakes or ponds in the London parks, if they were made so shallow as not
to require the intervention of the Humane Society, would keep the water sweet;
but the moist London atmosphere requires drying; and might be very advantageously
deprived of the damp supplies from the waters in Regent’s Park, the Serpentine,
and a considerable portion of the bed and muddy banks of the Thames.

(12.) Earth. If it is important that travellers, armies, and all moving bodies of men
should avoid damp, low grounds, it is evidently of still greater importance that the
habitations of a people should be raised on dry, drained land of a certain elevation,
washed by rains, and ventilated by the breezes of heaven. The sites of many English
towns are unexceptionable ; they lie beautifully on the slopes of hills against the sun ;
the spires of their churches stand out against the sky. The sites of other cities and of
parts of nearly all are, as we have seen, singularly bad, and should never have been
selected for building. Sites of towns are as much a matter of public concern as lines of
road, canals, or railways ; and legislation could not be more advantageously employed
than in directing and facilitating selection. The present law of settlement, and the
mixed, complicated, uncertain tenure of land, interfere seriously with the choice of

* One of the most distinguished Physiologists of the day, inspired, probably, by the grand simplicity
of the mechanical arrangements of the human body, has sketched the project of a circuit railway and
cloaca within the borders of the Thames, by which “ the same railways which bring cattle and corn
from our fields, should Ire made to restore them in their changed form of manure." It is impossible that
the travelling and the traffic of Loudon can long be carried on through the streets, which are obstructed
by waggons and slow omnibuses. The completion of the outer railway circuit, which now runs from
Chalk Farm to lllackwall, with the erection of the second proposed circuit round the embanked Thames,
and a due number of anastomosing branches — would provide a free circulation of passengers and goods
all over London; while the night trains would afford facilities for collecting and re-distrilmling every
kind of refuse over the country. It is relatively less difficult (that is, less expensive to each individual)
to provision or to execute public works for a vast metropolis of two and a half millions of people, organized
municipally, than it is to perform the same offices for smaller towns. But ordinary professional minds,
occupied with details, shrink at the magnitude of combined operations which they have never contem-
plated on the grand scale ; and it is from without that they often receive their mission and inspiration.

De Nat. Horn. cocl. qualit, c. vi.

Colonies. Climate. East Indies. The Medical Profession. ciii

ground, and exclude the people from many of the best sites in the immediate neigh-
bourhood of the places in which they dwell. This evil may be remedied. The
railways now offer extraordinary facilities for distributing the population over a wider
area ; and as the canals and navigable rivers have drawn the population down, the
roads, stations, and warehouses, kept as high as is practicable, may counteract this
tendency, raise people to a higher level, and at once facilitate drainage and the appli-
cation of the sewage to agricultural purposes.

The higher districts of Middlesex, Surrey, and Kent, immediately around London,
are as healthv as any in the world ; so that a moderate extension of the building area
in the right direction, would be sufficient to secure salubrious sites. The cost of con-
veyance and carriage would be speedily compensated even to artizans by their increased
health and energy; their children would be saved from death, disease, deformity,
vice, drunkenness, degradation, the prolific fruits of malaria. They would be suscep-
tible of religious and intellectual culture ; which, in their present dwellings, is made
difficult for the children of good and worthy workmen.

The houses in England and Wales amounted to 3,117,182 in 1841, and to 3,433,859
in 1851 ; the increase in the interval was 316,677, in addition to those, which were
built to replace decayed and destroyed houses; so that in the towns of England the
selection of building sites is a question constantly open.

(13.) In the Colonies the choice of sites for new towns is a matter of primary im-
portance. The sites lying most conveniently for commerce are often low and insalu-
brious; but as low shores are more subject to inundations, earthquakes, pestilences, and
the influences that deteriorate the English race, the tempting facilities which they offer
should not weigh against the enduring advantages of high healthy lands. Regard must
of course be had to defence, commercial convenience, and fertility of soil ; but in
taking possession of new countries, the proper course would appear to be to ascend the
rivers sufficiently high to secure vigour of race, and then gradually to descend towards
the deltas, draining and cultivating the land on the way. The rule is the result of all
our present investigations ; it is quite in conformity with the traditional course of the
primaeval races. The example of Holland, of America, and of parts of England, shows
that low fen and marsh laud is habitable ; and with efficient drainage, it is probable
that, if thinly peopled by a race well fed and naturally hardy, neither disease nor dege-
neration would go beyond a certain point, quite compatible with a comfortable if not
a very spiritual and exalted existence. A moderate elevation in temperate climates is
a protection against many evils ; as cholera has shown in London.

(14.) Climate. Long experience alone can ultimately determine what climates are
healthy ; and every locality must be ultimately judged by the test of such a calculation
as has been applied to the districts of England and Wales. But analogy justifies the
inference from experience, in some cases brief and imperfect, that in parts of Canada, the
United States, South America, New Zealand, the Isles of the Pacific Ocean, Australia,
and Southern Africa, the English race retains the energy, which it invariably loses in
two or three generations on the low tropical lands of the West India Islands, of the
West Coast of Africa, and of Southern Asia ; where much of the best blood of England
has been sacrificed without establishing permanent settlers, making any evident impres-
sion on the native population, or producing any lasting fruits. Near the spot which
has, for many years, been the centre and the capital of the imperial pow er in India the
devastating epidemic cholera was generated, which has twice ravaged these islands,
and twice encircled the world. The average mortality of the English troops in India
has hitherto exceeded 5 per cent, annually. The removal of the European population
from the low to the high land, railways, vast systems of drainage, and the steady pro-
secution of the sanatory measures which have been commenced, are inquired to justify
the credit which the Government of India has latterly obtained for enlightenment and
beneficence.

(1 5). The Medical Profession. The development of the public health is a science
and an art. The true doctrines have not only to be discovered but to be taught ; not
only to be taught, but to be inculcated, in season and out of season. It is the
office of medicine to raise men up to a high standard of health, and not merely

civ The Medical Profession.

to heal the sick. Under this head a passage in the London Weekly Return of
September 15, 1849 — one of the last pages in the Journal of the Pestilence., — may
be quoted ; which, while it does the medical profession no more than justice for their
conduct in the epidemic then subsiding, expresses the high character of their duties.

“ No city, perhaps, ever possessed such an efficient body of medical men as are
now practising in London. During this epidemic they have performed services
which in any other field must have won the highest honours ; combating the disease
night and day in the most pestilential quarters, on much more settled principles than
the public might be led to suspect from certain discussions at the medical societies.
And their office has been discharged with so much kindness as to deserve the gratitude
of the poor; instead of drawing down on their heads the charges with which the
physicians of other countries have often been assailed by the populace. Nearly all the
sick have been seen by these practitioners; yet 12837 persons have already died of
cholera in London. How is this? The medical force will be found to have been
employed at an immense disadvantage. It is called into action at the wrong end of
the malady. Inquiries prove that while medical advice is generally sought in the cha-
racteristic stage, it is seldom obtained in the premonitory stage when the power of
medicine is decisive; and to that earlier and still more important period preceding
the premonitory stage which is prevented as easily as cured, medical practice has had
little or nothing to say. Cholera here also only shows in high relief what exists in
ordinary circumstances. Medical men rarely, if ever, treat the beginnings of diseases;
and are scarcely ever consulted professionally on the preservation of the health of cities
or families. The art of preserving health is taught in no regular course of lectures at
any of the great schools of medicine in the United Kingdom. Yet the classical
sanatory works of Pringle, Lind, Blane, Jackson, Johnson, and Martin have been
framed from observation in the British navy and army. In the science of health there
are more exact demonstrable truths than in the science of disease; and the advantage
of ‘prevention’ over ‘cure’ requires no proof. In the Cyropsedia of Xenophon
physicians who only treat the sick are compared to ‘ menders of torn clothes,’ while
the preservation of health is declared a noble art worthy of Cyrus himself. Yegetius
speaks in similar, Jackson in stronger terms, but perhaps unjustly; for if it is godlike
to save many from suffering and to carry them in healthy life up to the natural term
of existence, it is a worthy occupation to rescue a few from the arms of death or
incurable infirmity. But the preservation and the restoration of health are parts of one
science ; and if, as has been done by the City of London and by Liverpool. Health Officers
be appointed in all the districts of the kingdom, the art of preserving health will be
studied bv a high order of men well paid by the public ; and ultimately, with tin
increase of their remuneration, the diminution of sickness, the disappearance of
epidemics, immense advantage to the public, — the whole medical profession may devote
themselves to the preservation and development of the vigour of the human faculties,
instead of bein» tied down to the treatment of the sick and dying. ‘ And this,’ Lord
Bacon says, after his great survey of learning, ‘ we hope might redound to a general
good, if physicians would but exert themselves, and raise their minds above the sordid
considerations of cure ; not deriving their honour from the necessities of mankind, but
becoming Ministers of the Divine power and goodness, both in prolonging and
restoring the life of man ; especially as this may be effected by safe, commodious, and
not illiberal means, though hitherto unattempled. And certainly it would be an
earnest of Divine favour if, whilst we are journeying to the land of promise, our
garments, those frail bodies of ours, were not greatly to wear out in the wilderness of
this world.’ ” *

* Hist. Vitro et Mortis.

[ cv ]

TABLES

REFERRED TO IN THE FOREGOING REPORT.

cvi Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, from all Causes during the Seven Years 1 838-44,
in the Statistical Districts of England, arranged in the order of the Mortality
of Females of all Ages ; — the healthiest districts being placed first.

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

Females.

Males.

293

(a) Glendale, (6) Bellingham, (c) Haltwhistle . .

Northumberland

1-383

1-417

313

(a) Tregaron, (A) Lampeter, (c) Newcastle-in-Emlyn

South Hales

1-536

1*764

136

(a) Bideford, (6) Holsworthy

. Devonshire

1 '55°

1-650

4i

(a) Thanet, (b) Eastry

1*563

1-844

135

(a) South Molton, (6) Torrington, (c) Crediton, (d) 1 j)cvomhire
Barnstaple )

1-568

x-668

324

Anglesea

1 '5 73

1-620

74

(a) Hendon, (A) Barnet

1-576

1-633

291

(a) Morpeth, (A) Rothbury, (c) Alnwick, (d) Belford . Northumberland

1-583

1*702

312

Aberystwith

1 -6oi

i- 802

318

(a) Dolgelly, ( b ) Corwen, (c) Bala, (d) Festiniog .

. North Wales

1-605

i-66o

294

(a) Brampton, (6) Longtown

i- 606

1-685

3 7W

Lewisham

1-613

1-839

35

(a) Godstone, (A) Reigate, (c) Dorking ....

1 • 6 1 6

1-536

5«

Isle of Wight

1-624

1-844

306

Swansea

1-628

1*790

310

Haverfordwest

1-635

1 ‘836

60

(a) Havant, (A) Catherington, (c) Fareham, (d) Droxford . Hunts

1-641

1-727

2

St. George Hanover-square

1-642

1-990

1 1 2

(a) Blything (_A) Mutford, (c) Wangford . . .

. . Suffolk

1-648

1-778

311

(a) Cardigan, (A) Aberayron

1-651

2- 008

141

(a) Totnes, (A) Kingsbridge, (c) Plympton St. Mary

• Devonshire

1-653

I- 800

309

(a) Narberth, (A) Pembroke

1-663

x -8o8

37

(a) Lewisham, (A) Bromley, (c) Dartford . .

1-663

1-836

62

(a) South Stoneham, Cb) New Forest, (c) Lymington, (cl)i

Christchurch, (e) Ringwood, (f) Fordingbridge,
Romsey

(.9)j Hants

1-670

1*763

55

(a) Steyning, (A) Thakeham, (c) Worthing . . .

. . Sussex

i- 680

1-675

33

(a) Chertsey, (A) Epsom

1-680

i*935

2Q2

Berwick-on-Tweed

Northumberland

1 -68 1

2*041

153

(a) Williton, (A) Wellington

Somersetshire

1-698

1-783

241

Riverstone

1-699

1-713

146

(a) Bodmin, (A) St. Columb

1-711

1-832

320

(a) Bangor, (A) Conway

. North Wales

1-715

1-776

52

(a) Hailsham, (A) Eastbourne, (e) Lewes . . .

. . Sussex

1-715

1-807

319

(a) Pwllheli, (A) Carnarvon

1-723

1-859

I40

Newton Abbot

1-723

1-884

145

(«) Launceston, (A) Stratton, (c) Camelford

. . Cornwall

1-725

1*791

137

(a) Tavistock, (A) Okehampton

St. Thomas

1-725

CC

O

O

139

1-729

1*905

299

(«) Bootle, (A) Alston, (c) Penrith

1*731

1*799

(pt.of)

71

jllampstead (Subdistrict) ........

1*731

2-317

9

Hackney

i*734

2*204

130

(a) Pooie, (A) Warcham

1-738

1*922

29

Camberwell

i*744

2*197

53

(a) East Grinstead, (A) Horsham, (c) Cuckfield .

. . Sussex

r*745

1-654

144

(a) St. permans, (A) Liskeard

1-749

1-969

32

(a) Richmond, (A) Kingston

i*749

2*042

r7o

(«) Wheatenhurst, (A) Westbury-on-Severn .

Gloucestershire

1-750

1 *88r

3f7

(a) Llanfyllin, (A) Machynlleth

i*753

1-693

7i

Edmonton (including Hampstead) .....

1 • 761

1-989

67

(a) Easthampstead, (A) Cookham, (c) Wokingham .

. . Berkshire

1-762

1-877

147

St. Austell

1*765

2*052

218

(a) East Retford, (A) Worksop

Nottinghamshire

i* 766

1*849

57

(o) Westhampnett, ( b ) Petworth, (c) Midhurst, (f/) West-1 Sussex
bourne J

1 • 768

1*791

133

(a) Axminster, (A) Honiton

i*773

1-767

5i

(a) Rye, (A) Hastings, (c) Battle

i*779

x'873

217

(a) Caistor, (A) Glanford Brigg, (c) Gainsborough

. Lincolnshire

1*781

1-857

in Districts of England. cvii

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-44 —continued.

No.

296
36

290

308

182

43

167

203

99

210
40
66
56

239
2 75
215
268

212

65

321

28

63

257

211
259
154

297
8

2 79
117
202
132
219
3i5

45
3°i
176
102
134

213
152

49

25 2

48

283

285

307

46
105
192

75

78

238

148

271

181

277

120

229

DISTRICTS.

Wigton Cumberland,

(a) Guildford, (b) Farnham, (c) Ilambledon .... Surrey

(a) Castle Ward, (6) Hexham Northumberland

Carmarthen South Males

(a) Tenbury, (6) Martley, (c) Upton-on-Severn . Worcestershire
(a) Elham, (6) Bridge Kent

(a) Northleach, (6) Stow-on-the-Wold, (c) Winchcomb. Gloucestershire

Warwick Warwickshire

West Ham Essex

(a) Billesdon, (6) Market Harboro’, (c) Melton Mowbray Leicestershire
(a) Milton, (6) Sheppy, (c) Faversham, (d) Blean .... Kent

Windsor Berkshire

Chichester Sussex

(a) Fylde, (5) Garstang, (c) Clitheroe Lancashire

(a) Pocklington, (6) Tadcaster .... East Riding , Yorkshire

(a) Spilsby, (6) Horncastle, (c) Louth Lincolnshire

(a) Pately Bridge, (b) Ripon, (c) Knaresborough . . West Riding

(a.) Stamford, (6) Bourn Lincolnshire

(a) Alresford, (6) Petersfield, (c) Alton, (d) Basingstoke,) jganfS

(a) Llanrwst, (6) St. Asaph, (c) Ruthin North Males

Wandsworth London

(a) Stockbridge, (6) Andover, (e) Whitchurch, (f) Kingsclere Kants

(a) Axbridge, (6) Wells .. Somersetshire

(a) Oakham, (A) Uppingham Rutlandshire

Rotherham West Riding

Taunton Somersetshire

Cockermouth Cumberland

Islington London

(a) Market Drayton, (l>) Newport Shropshire

(a) Loddon, ( 1 1) Henstead, (c) St. Faiths, ( d ) Blofield . Norfolk
(a) Stratford-on-Avon, (6) Southam, (c) Rugby . Mrurwickslure
(a) Weymouth, (b) Bridport, (c) Beaminster . . . Dorsetshire

(a) Southwell, ( b ) Mansfield Nottinghamshire

(a) Presteigne, ( b) Knighton, (c) Rhayader . . . South Males

(a) East Ashford, (6) West Ashford, (c) Hollingbourn Kent

Monmouth, ( b ) Chepstow Monmouthshire

Atcham Shropshire

(a) Tendring, (b) Lexden Essex

Tiverton Devonshire

(a) Grantham, (b) Sleaford Lincolnshire

(a) Penzance, (b) Seilly Islands Cornwall

(a) Mailing, (6) Sevenoaks .......... Kent

Helston Cornwall

Tunbridge Kent

(a) Pershore, ( b ) Evesham, (c) Shipston-on-Stour . Worcestershire
(o') Droitwich, (6) Bromsgrove, (c) Kings Norton. Worcestershire
(a) Llanelly, (6) Llandilofawr, (c) Llandovery . . . South M ales

(a) Romney Marsh, (A) Tenterden, (c) Cranbrook . , . . Kent

(a) Ongar, (A) Epping, (c) Dunmow ...... Essex

(a) Tam worth, (b) Lichfield, (c) Burton-on-Trent . Staffordshire

(aSt”tfordd’ ^ Hertf01'd’ (.C) WarC’ {d) BiSh°PS} Hertfordshire

(a) Amersham, (A) Eton Buckinghamshire

Ormskirk Lancashire

Truro Cornwall

(a) I-Iowden, (b) Skirlaugh East Riding of York

(a) Shiffnal, ( b ) Bridgnorth, (c) Cleobury Mortimer . Shropshire

Yarmouth Norfolk

(a) Flegg, (b) Tunstead, (c) Aylsham, (d) Erpingham . . Norfolk

All Ages.

Females.

Males.

1-786

1*929

2-737

1-781

2*792

1-815

1-792

2-085

i*793

1-882

i*795

i*974

i- 802

1-653

1 * 802

2*120

1 -8o8

1 • 988

1-809

1-871

1-809

2-001

1 -816

1-889

1 • 818

2- 106

1-819

2*759

1-822

i*779

1-826

i*94i

1-827

1 860

1-830

1-892

1-832

1-813

1-833

r*835

1-835

2-114

1-840

1-908

2*843

1-902

1-843

i*9i7

1*844

2*000

1 "846

2‘ 080

1-847

2-045

i" 848

2-144

1-852

1-936

1*853

1-864

1*853

1-886

1-856

2*067

1-857

1*884

1-858

i-86i

1-859

1-817

i- 860

2-051

1-865

1-898

1-865

1*904

1-865

1*912

1-865

i*953

1-865

2-128

1-869

1-883

1-870

2*952

1-870

2*222

2*875

1-830

1-875

2-017

1-878

2 ‘002

2*879

2-930

1 -88o

2-923

i-88o

1-967

i-88i

2*978

1-884

2*000

1-886

1-950

1-894

2*I92

1-895

1-988

1-897

i*953

1-898

1-769

1-898

2-277

1-907

1-940

i 2

cviii Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

No.

129

316

300

38

50

69

261

280

150

281

164
95

3°5

220

116

122

274

168

149

165
172

97

100
156

77

113
76
61
54
196
279
207
201

114
175
323

1 10
159

115
206
r 66
121

278

101
89
42

131

224

34

266

111
i6r

2 16
104
f55

64

r7r
2 70

DISTRICTS.

0) Shaftesbury, (b) Wiraborne, (e) Blandford, (4) 1 Dorsetshire

Sturminster J

(a) Newtown, (6) Montgomery
(a) East Ward, ( b ) West Ward, (e) Kendal
(a) Gravesend, (6) North Aylesford, (c) Hoo
(n) Ticehurst, (b) Uckfield
(«) Bradfield, (b) Newbury, (c) Hungerford
Huddersfield ... .... West Riding of Yorkshire

in') Northallerton, ( b ) Thirsk, (c) Leyburn, {d) Rich- ( North Riding)
mond, (e) Askrigg, (/') Reeth, (g) Bedale \ of Yorkshire)

Falmouth Cornwall

(a) Darlington, (b) Stockton, (c) Easington .... Durham
( a ) Chipping Sodbury, (b) Thornbury, (e) Dursley Gloucestershire

(a) Caxton, (£>) Chesterton Cambridgeshire

(a) Cardiff, (b) Bridgend, (c) Neath South Wales

(a) Newark, (6) Bingham Nottinghamshire

(a) Wayland, (6) Guiltcross, (c) Depwade Norfolk

(a) Highworth, (6) Cricklade, (c) Malmesbury, (d) 1 Wiltshire

(a) Patrington, (b) Beverley, (c) Driffield, (d) Brid-jf East Biding)

lington ( of Yorkshire /

Cheltenham Gloucestershire

Redruth Cornwall

(a) Tetbury, ( b ) Cirencester Gloucestershire

(a) Ross, (b) Ledbury Herefordshire

(a) Linton, (b) Newmarket Cambridgeshire

(a) Romford, (6) Orsett, (c) Billericay Essex

Bridgwater Somerset shire

(a) St. Albans, (i) Watford, (c) Hemel Hempstead,) „ . . > ■ .

(d) Berkhampstead J e> J 01 s“}e

(a) Bury St. Edmunds, (&) Thingoe, (c) Mildenhall . . Suffolk

(a) Royston, (b) Iiitchin Hertfordshire

Southampton Hants

Brighton Sussex

Stone Staffordshire

(a) Whitby, (b) Guisborough, (c) Stokesley North Riding of Yorkshire
(a) Market Bosworth, (b) Ashby-de-la-Zouch . . . Leicestershire

(«) Meriden, ( b ) Solihull, (c) Alcester .... Warwickshire

(a) Thetford, (6) Downham, (c) Swaffham Norfolk

(a) Ludlow, ( b ) Church Stretton, (c) Clun .... Shropshire

Holywell North Wales

(a) Bosmerc, (6) Stow, (c) Hoxne, ( d ) Hartismere . . Suffolk

(a) Frome, (6) Clutton, ( c ) Keynsham Somersetshire

(a) Mitford, (6) Forehoe .......... Norfolk

(«) Lutterworth, (6) Hinckley, (c) Blaby .... Leicestershire

Stroud Gloucestershire

(a) Walsingham, (6) Docking, (c) Frccbridge Lynn, ) .. . ..

(d) Kings Lynn J ■“ 0>J°

Scarborough North Riding of Yorkshire

(a) Rochford, (6) Maldon Essex

(«) Kettering, (6) Thrapston, (c) Oundle . . Northamptonshire

Dover ,... Kent

( a ) Sherborne, (&) Dorchester Dorsetshire

Shardlow Derbyshire

Croydon Surrey

(a) Otley, (b) Keighley I Vest Riding of Yorkshire

{a) Woodbridge, (b) Plomesgatc Suffolk

Bcdminster * ■ Somersetshire

Lincoln . Lincolnshire

(a) Withum, (b) Chelmsford Essex

(a) Chard, (6) Yeovil, (c) Langport .... Somersetshire
Winchester Hants

(a) Newcnt, (b) Tewkesbury
(a) Doncaster, ( b ) Thorne .

• . . Gloucestershire

llesl Rid ng of Y orkshire

All Ages.

Females.

Males.

oo

o

ON

H

1-844

1*909

2-975

1-909

1-990

1-909

2-274

1*911

1-784

I*9II

1*894

I‘9I3

2*036

1-916

1-895

1 • 916

2-399

1-918

2*087

1-919

i- 860

1-923

1-936

1-925

1-967

1-927

1-948

1*928

2*012

1*929

1-784

1*929

1-894

1-929

2-439

1-930

2*277

1-934

1*891

1 ‘934

2*062

1*936

2-058

1 * 939

2-158

1*940

2-934

1-944

2-075

1-945

2 * 000

1*945

2-025

1*948

2*136

i*949

2-545

1-950

i '979

r*95°

2-043

1-957

2*055

1-958

2-927

1-959

2*113

1*965

2*997

1 • 968

2-125

1*970

1-917

1*970

2-062

I*97I

2*021

1-974

2*038

2-977

2-049

i*977

2*204

1*979

2-047

i*979

2 -061

1*980

1*928

1*981

2-382

1*982

2*015

1-983

2*030

1*985

2*236

1*988

1-967

1-990

1-971

I-99I

2*002

1-994

2*100

1*995

2-028

1-997

2-023

1-997

2* ir j

2*001

2*065

u

6

0

2*142

in Districts of England. c:x

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

No.

94

128

1

283
178
193
235

226
98
16

163

186

269

126

123

72

5

267

143

143

227
83

198

221

90

7

6

233
93

263

180

108

85

174

284
214

234
197
107
288
257

87

189

243

228

262

142

282

208

106

26

84

82

125

DISTRICTS.

Bedfordshire
. Wiltshire
. London
. Durham
Shropshire
Staffordshire
. Cheshire
Derbyshire
Cumberland
. London
Gloucestershire
Worcestershire
West Biding cf Yorkshire
. Wiltshire
. Wiltshire
Middlesex
. London

( a ) Woburn, (b) Leighton Buzzard, (c) Luton
(a) Tisbury, (b) Mere, (c) Warminster .

(a) Kensington, (b) Chelsea

(a) Auckland, ( b ) Teesdale. (c) Weardale .

(a) Oswestry, (b) Ellesmere, (c) Wem . .

(a) Uttoxeter, (6) Cheadle, (c) Leek
(a) Great Boughton (Chester), (b) Wirrall .

(a) Belper, (b) Ashborne

Whitehaven

London City

Clifton

Kidderminster

(a) Selby, (b) Goole, (c) Pontefract .

(a) Amesbury, (b) Alderbury, (c) Wilton
(a) Caine, (6) Marlborough, (c) Pewsey

Brentford

St. James Westminster

(a) Skipton, ( b ) Sedbergh, (c) Settle . . West Riding of Yorkshire

(a) Stoke Damerel, (b) East Stonehouse, including) Devonshire

Royal Naval Hospital I

(a) Stoke Damerel, '(b) East Stonehouse, excluding). Devonshire

Royal Military Hospital I

Bakewell Derbyshire

Oxford Oxfordshire

Penkridge Staffordshire

Basford Nottinghamshire

Peterborough Northamptonshire

Pancras London

Marylebone London

Nantwich Cheshire

(a) Ampthill, (b) Biggleswade Bedfordshire

Halifax West Riding of Yorkshire

(a) Wellington, (b) Madeley Shropshire

(a) Cosford, (b) Samford Suffolk

(a) Witney, (6) Chipping Norton Oxfordshire

(a) Bromyard, (6) Leominster, (c) Weobly .... Herefordshire
(a) Houghton-le-Spring, (6) Chester-le-Street .... Durham

(a) Spalding, (b) Holbeach, (c) Boston Lincolnshire

(a) Altrincham, (6) Runcorn Cheshire

Stafford Staffordshire

(a) Risbridge, (6) Sudbury Suffolk

Tynemouth Northumberland

(a) Saddleworth, ( b) Ecelesfield, (c) Wortley,l West Riding
(i d) Ecclesall Bierlow / of Yorkshire

(a^Hard^tone, (b) Wellingborough, (c) Brix-J Northamptonshire

All England

Berkshire

(a) Wantage, (6) Wallingford, (c) Abingdon, (d) Fa-)

ringdon /

West Bromwich Staffordshire

(a) Todmorden, (6) Haslingden ....... Lancashire

Chesterfield Derbyshire

Dewsbury West Riding of Yorkshire

Plymouth Devonshire

Durham Durham

(a) Loughborough, (&) Barrow-on-Soar Leicestershire

(a) Braintree, ( b ) Halstead, (c) Saffron Walden . . . Essex

Newington London

(a) Woodstock, (b) Bicester, (c) Banbury .... Oxfordshire

(a) Henley, ( b ) Thame, (c) Headington Oxfordshire

(a) Melksham, (b) Bradford, (c) Westbury . . Wiltshire

All Ages.

Females.

Males.

r*^

O

O

(N

2*112

2*010

1*995

2 0 01 1

2*663

2 * 012

2*028

2*012

2*029

2*015

2*026

2*015

2*343

2*017

2*001

2*017

2*39!

2 -oi8

2*255

2-018

2 *446

2*020

2*213

2*023

2*094

2*024

2*004

2*025

1*940

2*029

2,i94

2*029

2*204

2*036

1*925

2*040

2*870

2*040

2*673

2*041

2*010

2-043

1*961

2*043

2*006

2*044

2* III

2*05I

2*I3I

2*05I

2*392

2-051

2*493

2*053

2*136

2*057

2-I30

2*059

2*159

2* 068

2*113

2*077

1 *986

2*079

1*929

2*082

2*078

2*084

2*079

2 * 086

2*195

2*087

2 ' I42

2*089

2*268

2*092

2*014

2*092

2*35°

2*093

2*165

2*101

2*087

2*104

2 * 270

2*105

2*002

2*107

2 0 225

2* 108

2*319

2 * II 6

2*184

2*117

2 • 162

2*121

2 * 7OI

2* 122

2* 206

2 * I23

2*297

2*124

2*Il8

2*126

2*514

2*127

2*122

2*I27

2*215

2*127

2*226

cx Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1S38-44 — continued.

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

Females.

j Males.

232

(a) Congleton, (A) Northwich .

2*131

2-o8t

91

■(a) Huntingdon, (A) St. Ives, (c) St. Neots

. . . Huntingdonshire

2* 132

2-153

158

(a) Shepton Mallet, (A) Wincanton .

2-138

2-168

229

(a) Hayfield, (A) Chapel-en-le-Frith .

. . . . Derbyshire

2* I4I

2*E29

73

(a) Staines, (A) Uxbridge

2-143

2- 208

86

(«) Buckley, (6) Daventry, (c) Towcester, ) Nurlh lonshlre

(a) Potterspury J /

2-144

2*104

173

Hereford

2*t4>

2*338

22

Poplar .

2-150

2-666

3°3

Newport

2*153

2-256

200

Aston .

2*134

2*293

27

Lambeth

2*155

2*500

276

York

East Riding of Yorkshire

2*159

2*420

124

Devizes

2-168

2*204

322

Wrexham

2-168

2*227

187

Stourbridge

2-170

2-348

59

(a) Portsea, (A) Alverstoke (including Haslar Hospital) . . Hants

2*I7I

2-766

59

(a) Portsea, (A) Alverstoke (excluding Haslar Hospital) . .Hants

2*171

2*597

39

Medway (including Barracks, Military Hospitals, and Hulks) Kent

2-175

2-785

39

Medway (excluding Barracks, Military Hospitals, and Hulks) Kent

2-175

2-571

68

Heading

2-175

2- 600

81

(a) Winslow, (A) Newport Pagnell, (c) Buckingham Buckinghamshire

2*191

2*I40

3H

(a) Builth, (A) 13recknock (c) Crickhowell, (d) Hay Suuth Hales

2*197

2-326

260

Wakefield

/Vest Riding of Yorkshire

2-199

2.338

169

Gloucester

2-199

2-640

79

Wycombe

2*201

2-258

3i

Greenwich

2-203

2-56l

44

Canterbury

2 * 206

2*347

47

Maidstone

2*210

2*371

80

Aylesbury

2*212

2*271

96

Cambridge

2*212

2-632

240

Lancaster

2*214

2-405

205

(a) Foleshill, (A) Nuneaton, (e) Atherstone

. . Warwickshire

2*219

2-325

295

Carlisle

2*223

2*411

TO9

Ipswich .

2*229

2*493

160

Bath

2*229

2*711

222

Had ford

2-231

2-526

273

Sculcoatcs

East Riding of Yorkshire

2*240

2*487

237

West Derby • .

2.245

2*596

246

Chorley

2*250

2-193

188

Dudley

2*250

2*458

92

Bedford .........

2*254

2*235

4

St. Martin-in-the-Fields

2*254

2*545

21

Stepney

2*254

2*579

184

Worcester

2-276

2*734

138

Exeter

2-280

2*769

285

Sunderland

2-287

2-703

251

(0) Leigh, (A) Prescot

2-294

2-413

103

Colchester

2-298

2*775

13

Clerkenwell

2*310

2-526

n8

Norwich

2-313

2-692

98

(°^fw’ii„V^NOrth WitChf°rd’ (C) ^Vhit*lcscy’ l Cambridgeshire

2-320

2*514

rgo

Walsall

2*332

2*219

242

Burnley .

2*337

2*377

18

Bethnal Green

London j

2*337

2*436

177

Shrewsbury

2*339

2*902

287

Gateshead

2*351

2-523

1 1

Strand

2*380

2*454

264

Bradford

West Riding of Yorkshire

2*390

2-536

302

(a) Abergavenny, (A) Pontypool

• • • Monmouthshire

2*391

2-360

253

(a) Chorlton, (A) Worsley ....

2*391

2-636

252

Warrington .

2*394

IA

X

UN

r*

in Districts of England. cxi

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

Females.

Males.

88

Northampton .......

. . Northamptonshire

2-396

2-489

127

Salisbury

2-398

2-619

225

Derby

2-405

2-607

17

Shoreditch

2-406

2-609

194

Newcastle-under-Lyme

2-414

2-492

191

Wolverhampton

2*422

2-503

204

Coventry

2-432

2-697

159

Birmingham

2-439

2-780

289

Newcastle-on-Tyne

2-446

2-837

248

Bury

2-447

2-666

265

(a) Leeds, ( b ) Hunslet

West Hiding of Yorkshire

2-45 7

2-724

247

Rochdale

2-474

2-694

244

Blackburn

2 '479

2-605

3

Westminster

2-496

2-699

24

Bermondsey

2-497

2-780

r95

(a) Stoke-on-Trent, (h) AVolstanton .

. . . Staffordshire

2-509

2-647

245

Preston

2-515

2-676

3°

Rotherhithe

2-526

3-008

209

Leicester

2-534

2-945

223

Nottingham

2-538

2-919

258

Sheffield

ll'est Hiding of Yorkshire

2-539

2-906

230

Stockport

2-545

2-699

256

Ashton

2-552

2*797

10

St. Giles

2-556

2-823

25

St. George Southwark

2-565

2-772

249

Bolton ...

2-566

2-824

250

Wigan ..........

2-575

2-777

15

(a) East London, (b) West London .

2-582

2-764

286

South Shields

2-587

3-286

272

Hull

2-588

3-008

231

Macclesfield .

2-617

2-640

12

Holborn

2-619

2-693

162

Bristol

2-643

3-224

20

St. George-in-the-East

London

2-705

3-069

23

(0) St. Saviour, (6) St. Olave ....

2-707

2-986

255

Salford

2*712

3-104

14

St. Luke

2-713

2-808

304

Merthyr Tydfil

2-759

2 656

19

Whitechapel

2-773

3-034

254

Manchester

3*112

3-439

236

Liverpool

3-151

3-582

CX11

Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, from all Causes at different Ages, during

in the order of the Mortality of Females in the

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

O

~5

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

I. London.

37(0

Lewisham

1-839

1-613

5-317

4-663

2

St. George, Hanover-square

1-990

1.642

8-690

7-965

7i

part of)

j-Hampstead (sub-district)

2-317

1-731

6-286

4-918

9

Hackney

2*204

1-734

6-581

5-627

29

Camberwell

2-197

1-744

6-247

5-552

28

Wandsworth

2*114

i-835

5-989

5-661

8

Islington

2-144

1-848

6-891

5-737

I

(a) Kensington, ( b ) Chelsea .....

2-663

2*011

8-306

7-262

16

City of London

2-255

2-018

I0*I4I

7-745

5

St. James, AVcstminster

2*204

2*029

10-794

9-286

7

Fancras

2-392

2*051

8-580

7‘233

6

Marylebone .

2"493

2*051

I0*03I

8-469

26

Newington

2-514

2-126

8-804

7-013

22

Poplar

' 2-666

2*150

7-896

6-441

37

Lambeth

2*500

2-155

9*004

7-499

3i

Greenwich

2-561

2*203

7-633

6-460

4

St. Martin-in-the-Fields

2-545

2-254

12-059

9-140

21

Stepney

2-579

2-254

8-162

7-301

London

2-737

2*308

9-309

8-027

13

Clerkenwell

2-526

2*310

9-540

8-383

18

Bethnal-green

2-436

2-337

9-028

8-102

ir

Strand

2-454

2-380

io-688

8-534

17

Shoreditch

2-609

2-406

9* no

8-040

3

Westminster .

2 699

2-496

10*122

9-428

24

Bermondsey

2-780

2-497

10*012

8-460

30

Uothcrhithe

3-008

2-526

8-699

8-199

10

St. Giles

2-823

2-556

12-281

10-890

25

St. George, Southwark

2-772

2-565

10-667

9-609

15

(a) East London, (6) West London .

2-764

2-582

11-967

9-698

12

Holborn

2-693

2-619

11-564

10* 223

20

St. Gcorge-in-thc-East

3-069

2-705

10-169

9-470

(a) St. Saviour, (6) St. Olave ....

2-986

2-707

11-273

10*150

14

St. Luke

2- 808

2-713

10-894

9-319

19

Whitechapel

3-°34

2-773

1 r * 43 7

io- 116

in Districts of England.

cxiii

the Seven Years 1838-44, in the Statistical Districts of England, arranged
Eleven Divisions ; — the healthiest Districts being placed first.

IO-

■15

35-

-45

45-

-55

' 55-65

65-75

Males.

Fem.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

•35 7

•553

1*226

• 988

1-849

1 -646

3-711

2*512

5-756

6-260

•549

■513

1-456

1*003

2 ■ 280

1 • 630

4-134

3**57

8-390

8-548

•339

' 6ll

1-441

1*053

2-184

1 * 222

5-409

2-643

11-683

8*358

•519

•424

1-545

i*i35

2*103

1-361

3-816

2*937

8 -818

6-178

•483

•436

i'5r4

1-260

2*511

1-432

3-570

2-835

7"°45

6*425

■556

•607

1*847

I* no

2- 167

1-488

4-249

2-963

8-387

6*435

•5i4

•437

i*457

i*355

2*115

i*95 7

4-291

3-390

8-477

6-408

•53i

•468

1-950

1-249

2-873

1-726

4-660

3-181

9-181

7-641

•492

•619

1-873

1 • 286

2-974

2-093

4-751

3*727

8-495

8-187

•421

• 502

1-592

1*319

2-543

2*090

4-412

3*920

10-038

8*414

•480

•472

1-636

1*281

2-368

1-877

4-670

3-829

9*329

7-940

•358

•476

i- 708

I * 203

2-713

1*922

5-023

3*732

8-514

7-421

•368

• 376

1-638

1*340

2*520

i-737

4-493

3-701

8-260

7*240

• 718

•557

2-159

1-346

2-458

2-016

4*738

3*526

8- 860

8*n8

*497

•413

1-634

1 "497

2-527

1-984

4*376

3-681

8-564

’7-595

•408

•542

2-078

i*435

2-507

2*010

4*374

3-465

7-360

7-174

•412

•596

1*798

i'379

2-755

1-999

4*945

4*788

11-456

9-504

*545

•413

1-904

I * 312

2-603

2-049

4-847

3*845

9*093

8-033

•482

•466

1-788

i-377

2-726

2*001

4-812

3-805

9-185

7-827

•420

•465

I * 901

1-506

2-693

2-162

4-909

3-909

9*292

7-924

•414

•392

1-327

I-344

2- 126

1-844

3-872

3‘47*

7*558

6-892

•375

•477

1-687

1-621

3-208

2*213

4-681

4-611

II *440

9-495

•545

•527

I * 701

1*452

2-7I4

2-096

4-690

3-865

9-610

7-589

•437

•411

1-926

1-430

3-004

2*044

4*39i

4*17*

9-405

7-872

•353

*401

1-780

1*474

2-659

1-797

4-962

4-033

9-891

7-694

•742

•614

2*223

1*483

3-129

1*894

4-907

4*102

9-670

7*386

•446

•523

2*011

1*644

3-242

2-449

5 -226

4*714

10*938

10*222

•395

•476

1*922

1-360

3-015

2*255

5*445

4-680

9-164

8-090

•425

•442

1-968

1-607

3-167

2-315

5-219

4*996

io- 208

8*8i8

•670

•466

i-68i

1-470

2-971

2*200

5-532

4-490

10-413

9-139

•465

•458

1-994

1-625

3-158

2*356

5-921

4*349

10-825

8-407

•583

•459

2- 164

i*535

3*211

2-345

4-977

3-812

9-019

8- 061

•482

•459

1-988

1 " 734

2-878

2-442

5 *°75

4*497

8-960

9-765

•432

•319

2-Il8

1-631

3-259

2*657

5*736

4*4^6

10*907

8-954

cxiv Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Ages during the Seven Years 1838-44, in the

in each of the Eleven Divisions ; —

All Ages.

O-

5

No.

DISTRICTS.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

II. South Eastern Division.

|

41

(a) Thanet, (6) Eastry

1 i * 844

1-563

4-531

3-835

35

(a) Godstone, (6) Reigate, (c) Dorking ....

. Surrey

1-536

1 -616

4-123

3-332

5»

Isle of Wight

Hampshire

1-844

1-624

4-344

3-853

60

(n) Ilavant, (6) Catherington, (c)Fareham, (d) Droxford Hampshire

I"727

1-641

4-059

3-163

37

(a) Lewisham, (6) Bromley, (c) Dartford ....

1-836

1-663

5*001

4-268

62

(a) South Stoneham, (6) New Forest, (c) Lymington,
(d) Christchurch, («) Ringwood, (/) Fordingbridge,

. Hampshire

1-763

1-670

4-078

3-434

($0 Romsey

55

(a) Steyning, (6) Thakeham, (c) Worthing

. Sussex

1 1-675

i-68o |

4-156

3-757

33

(a) Chertsey, (6) Epsom

1 ' 935

i- 680

4-592

3-856

52

(a) Hailsham, (6) Eastbourne, (c) I, ewes .

. Sussex

1-807

1-715

4-868

3-664

53

(a) East Grinsted, ( h ) Horsham, (c) Cuckficld

(a) Richmond, (6) Kingston

. Sussex

1-654

1-745

4-15°

3-353

32

2*042

1-749

5-508

4-556

67

(a) East Hampstead, (6) Cookham, (e) Wokingham

. Berkshire

1-877

1-762 1

4-548

3-757

57

(a) Westhampuett, (6) Petworth, (c) Midhurst, (d) West-) gusseJC
bourne 1

1 1-791

1-768 j

4' 181

3-434

5r

(a) Rye, (6) Hastings, (c) Battle

1-873

1-779 I

5-016

4-492

36

(a) Guildford, (6) Farnham, (c) Ilambledon

. Surrey

1-781

1-787

4-203

3-5I5

43

(a) Elham, ( b ) Bridge

i‘974

1-795

4-976

4-346

40

(o) Milton, (6) Sheppey, (c) Faversham, (d) Blean

. . Kent

2*001

1-809

5 • 963

4-75I

66

Windsor

Berkshire

1-889

i-8i6

5-432

5-227

56

Chichester

2 • 106

1 -818

4-745

4-132

65

(a) Alresford, (6) Petersfield, (c) Alton, (d) Basingstoke,
(e) Hartley Wintney

| Hampshire

1-813

1-832

4}.* l66

3*416

63

(n)Stockbridge, (6) Andover, (c) Whitchurch, ( d) Kings-
clere

> Hampshire

1-908

1-840

4-549

3-669

45

(«) East Ashford, (6) West Ashford, (c) Ilollingbonrne

. . Kent

1 • 81 7

1-859

4-893

3-833

49

(a) Mailing, (6) Sevenoaks

1-883

1-869 I

4-669

4-015

48

Tunbridge

2*222

2-870

6-485

4-983

46

(a) Romney Marsh, ( b ) Tentcrdcn, (e) Cranbrook

. . Kent

1-930

1-879 |

5-301

4-385

38

(a) Gravesend, (6) North Aylesford, (c) II oo .

• . Kent

2-274

1-909

6-542

6- 222

50

(a) Ticehurst, (6) Uckficld

1-784

I*9II

4-760

3-943

69

(a) Bradficld, (A) Newbury, (c) Ilungerford

Berkshire

1-894

I*9II

4-697

3-7I5

6l

Southampton

Hampshire

2-136

1-948

7-625

6-534

54

Brighton

, 2-545

1-949

8-355

6-562

42

Dover

: 2-382

1-981

7-360

5-641

34

Croydon

| 2-236

1-985

6-436

6-007

64

Winchester

Hampshire

2 * 1 1 1

1-997

5-640

4’68i

70

fa) Wantage, (6) Wallingford, (c) Abingdon, (d) Faringdon Berkshire

2*002

2*105

5-437

4-9°i

59

(a) Portsea, (b) Alverstoke (including llaslar Hospital)

Hampshire

2-766

2*I7I

8-197

7-036

59

(a) Portsea, (A) Alverstoke (excluding llaslar Hospital) Hampshire

, 2-597

2*I7I

8-215

7-036

68

Reading

Bet k shire

2 -6oo

2-175

7-524

7-223

39

Medway (including Barracks, Military Hospitals,
Hulks)

and } Kent

2-785

2-175

7-562

6-891

39

Medway (excluding Barracks, Military Hospitals,
Hulks)

and} Kent

2-571

2-175

6-350

6-891

44

Canterbury

. 2-347

2- 206

7-561

5-837

47

Maidstone

2-371

2*210

7-077

6-366

III. South Midland Division.

74

(a) Hendon, (6) Barnet

Middlesex

1-633

1-576

4*786

4-284

7i

Edmonton (including Hampstead)

Middlesex

j 1-989

1-761

5-539

5-580

75

(a) Hatfield, (6) Hertford, (r) Ware, (d) Bishops)
Stortford j

Hertfordshire

1-978

1 -88i

5-539

4-559

78

(«) Amersham, (A) Eton Buckinghamshire

j 2*000

1-884

5-662

4-5I7

95

(a) Caxton, (A) Chesterton Cambridgeshire

1 1-936

1-923

5-359

4-543

97

(a) Linton, (6) Newmarket Cambridgeshire

] 2-058

1-936

5-861

4-755

77

(a) St. Albans, (A) Watford, (c) llemcl Hempstead,)
(</) Berkhampstead /

Hertfordshire

; 2-075

1-944

6-125

5-3I4

76

(a) Royston, (A) Hitchin

Hertfordshire

l 2-025

1-945

5-878

5-058

cxv

in Districts of England.

Statistical Districts of England, arranged in the order of the Mortality of Females,
the healthiest Districts being placed first.

IO

-15

35

-45

45

-55

55~65

65-75

Males,

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

| Females.

•485

•495

1*066

• 916

1 • 286

2-273

2-399

2*290

5-963

4-402

•318

•363

1 * 006

• 949

1-174

1*215

2-283

3-087

6*359

5-655

•437

•652

1-277

•984

1-381

i- 205

I-924

2 * 150

6- 161

4-454

•492

•458

•931

I* 140

I * 202

1-426

2-560

2-493

5-850

5-638

•409

•488

1 -006

•948

1-417

1*502

3-089

2-390

5-797

5-675

•380

•413

•857

1-034

1*312

1*300

2-362

2-652

5 -882

5-819

•344

•370

•914

1-139

1*223

2-363

2-487

2-257

5 -802

4-874

•388

•608

1-095

I*OI2

1-609

1-303

2-969

2-482

6-ioo

4-744

•418

•489

•934

I*I70

1*322

I * 229

2-383

2-294

4-918

4-971

• 314

*482

•794

1-218

1 -147

1-282

2-379

2-889

6-443

5-614

•309

•499

1-407

1 -080

1-641

1*372

3-636

2-813

6-924

5-385

•468

•405

1-138

.984

1-414

1-392

2* 707

2-995

6-319

5-263

•368

•574

•98r

i*i53

1*325

2*353

2- 08 1

2-168

SO

CO

*-T\

4-977

•378

■462

1-054

1-154

1-448

1-289

2-397

2-669

5-843

5-205

•318

•308

1-039

1 • 216

1-330

2-374

2- 602

2-617

6-176

6-067

•477

•467

•996

1-062

1 • 168

1 -162

2-52I

1-803

5-342

4-45 7

•461

•446

•970

1*023

i*377

I*250

2-572

2-448

5-711

4-667

•487

•537

1-236

2-329

1-863

2-525

3-284

3-039

6-091

5-333

•512

•384

i- 267

•987

1-649

1-258

2-885

2-705

7-474

6-395

•476

•534

I*C07

1-315

1-363

1*421

2-537

2-665

5*964

5-656

•494

•420

1-085

I * 112

1-350

1-346

2 -666

3-071

6-140

5-579

•477

• 604

•835

I*292

i*273

1-362

2*210

2-256

5-849

4-840

•457

•565

•942

1 • 167

1-434

1-497

2-630

2-962

6-324

5-308

•471

•668

I * 124

1*157

1-619

1-759

3-050

2-856

8-369

5-738

•532

•589

•944

1-186

1*312

2-556

2-503

2-429

5-043

5-023

•568

•496

1-370

1 • 164

2-335

1-463

3-369

3 -016

6-921

5-480

•383

•571

•866

I * 222

1 • 188

1-248

2-343

2-650

4- 801

5-438

•422

•554

1-064

I *200

1-265

2*458

2-784

2-548

5-616

5-612

•438

•517

1-386

1-097

1-988

1-714

3-442

3-087

7-551

7-459

•484

•386

1-688

1-247

2*25I

2-794

3-932

2-918

6-318

6-240

•421

•542

1 '475

1*051

1-650

1-480

2-906

2-825

6-091

5-425

I *ooo

•658

1-245

•873

1-770

2-554

3-029

2-468

7-160

5-164

•406

•501

1-657

i- 145

1-936

I *502

3-188

2-796

7-238

5-846

•468

•644

•954

I*225

I * 310

1-409

2-624

2-640

5-528

6-004

•489

•58!

2*04I

1-318

2*422

2-742

3*550

3*121

6-803

5-902

•482

•581

1-635

1-318

2 • 156

2-742

3"3 71

3*121

6-647

5-902

•365

•320

1-668

1-346

2-177

1-613

4-421

3-169

7-879

7-087

•497

•486

2-572

1*293

2-260

1-817

3-320

2.734

7*295

6-316

•470

•486

1-893

1-293

1-992

1-817

3*210

2-734

7-145

6-316

•372

•642

1 • 8 1 2

1-458

2-609

2-953

3-883

2*722

6-531

6-039

• 606

'473

I *401

1-438

1*922

i-559

3-279

2-577

5-940

6-432

•307

•474

•885

•923

1-669

1-037

2 • 6 1 2

2-262

6-129

5-191

•404

•511

I*II4

1-076

1-916

1-089

3-l68

2-629

7-465

6-522

•420

•549

1-194

1*031

2-745

2-335

2-886

2- 660

6-904

5*509

•410

•482

I*I30

1-235

1 -460

2-259

2-878

2*712

6-685

6-446

•465

•461

•846

1-234

1-184

I • 163

2-354

2-751

5-717

4-888

■533

•365

•950

1-069

1-295

1-172

2-416

2-199

5-933

4-871

•463

•475

1-186

1-196

i- 601

2-492

2-731

2-683

6-697

6-403

•420

•544

1*029

1-075

1*220

1*205

2 '801

2*359

6-569 |

5*212

cxvi Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Ages

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

O

-5

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

89

(a) Kettering, ( b ) Thrapston, (c) Oundle . . Northamptonshire

1*928

1*980

5*805

4* 664

94

(a) Woburn, (6) Leighton Buzzard, (e) Luton . .

. Bedfordshire

2*112

2*007

6*542

5-416

72

Brentford

2*194

2*029

6* 86r

5*921

83

Oxford

. Oxfordsh re

1*961

2*043

7-571

6*841

90

Peterborough Northamptonshire

1 2*I3I

2*051

6*799

5*819

93

(a) Ampthill, (6) Biggleswade

2*I30

2*057

6*476

5-597

85

(a) Witney, (b) Chipping Norton

. Oxfordshire

1*929

2*079

5-241

4-708

87

(a) II ardingstone, (6) Wellingborough, (c)Brixworth Northamptonshire

2*087

2 * IOI

6*199

5*050

84

(a) Woodstock, (A) Bicester, (c) Banbury .

. Oxfordshire

2 *122

2 * 127

6*123

5*087

82

(a) Henley, (6) Thame, (c) Headington

. Oxfordshire

2*215

2*127

5-933

5-073

91

(a) Huntingdon, ( b ) St. Ives, (c) St. Neots

Huntingdonshire

2*153

2* 132

6*826

5*623

73

(a) Staines, (6) Uxbridge

(a) Brackiey, (A) Daventry, (c) Towcester,!

( d ) Potterspury /

2* 208

2*143

6*036

5-334

86

’Vorthamptonshire

2*104

2*144

6*426

5-309

81

(a) Winslow, ( b ) Newport Pagnell, (c) Buckingham Buckinghamshii'e

2* I40

2*I9I

6*665

5*873

79

Wycombe . .

Buckinghamshire

2*258

2*201

6*778

5*426

80

Aylesbury

Buckinghamshire

2*271

2*212

7*426

5-777

96

Cambridge

Cambridgeshire

2*632

2*212

8*960

7-704

92

Bedford

Bedfordshire

2*235

2*254

6*827

5-4I5

98

(a) Ely, ( b ) North Witchford, (c) Whittlesey,
(d) Wisbcach

\ Cambridgeshire

2*514

2*320

8*944

7-322

88

Northampton Northamptonshire

2*489

2*396

8*452

7*416

IV. Eastern Division.

1 1 2

( a ) Blything, (A) Mutford, (c) Wangford .

. . Suffolk

1*778

1*648

4*827

3*920

99

West Ham

1 ■ 988

r* 808

5*630

4-892

117

(<i) Loddon, ( b ) Ilcnstead, (c) St. Faiths, (rf) Blofield . Norfolk

1*864

1*853

5*115

4*229

102

(a) Tendring, (A) Lexden

1*904

1*865

5*256

4-214

105

(a) Ongar, ( b ) Epping, (c) Dunmow ....

1*913

1 *88o

4-704

3*986

120

Yarmouth

2*277

1*898

7-368

6*019

119

(a) Flegg, (6) Tunstead, (c) Aylsham, (aj Erpingham . Norfolk

1*940

1*907

5-559

4*638

Il6

(//) Wayland, ( b ) Guiltcross, (c) Depwade .

. . Norfolk

2*012

1*928

5*119

4-283

100

(fi) Romford, (6) Orsett, (c) Billcricay .

2*158

1 * 93 9

6* 232

4-955

113

(«) Bury St. Edmunds, (A) Tliingoe, (c) Mildcnhall

. . Suffolk

2*000

1*945

5-43I

4*463

114

(a) Thetford, (A) Downham, (c) Swaffliam

. . A orfo/k

2*113

1 * 95 9

6*858

5*381

no

(a) Bosmere, (6) Stow, (c) Hoxne, (rf) Hartismere

. . Suffolk

1*917

1*970

5*340

4* 188

ns

(<i) Mitford, (6) Forelioe

2*021

i*97i

6*301

4-999

121

(«) Walsingham, (6) Docking, (c) Frecbridge
(</) Kings Lynn

L3nn>\ Norfolk

2* 204

1 * 977

6* 801

5-574

roi

(a) Bochford, (A) Maldon

2 *o6r

1 '979

5-779

4*672

rn

(a) Woodbridge, (ft) Plomcsgate

1*971

1*990

5*082

4-234

104

(a) Witham, (6) Chelmsford

2*028

i' 995

5*265

4*709

108

(a) Cosford, ( b ) Samford

1*986

2-077

5-478

4-534

107

(n) Risbridge, ( b ) Sudbury

2*OT4

2^92

5*619

4-625

106

(«) Braintree, ( b ) Halstead, (<•) Saffron Walden

. . Essex

2*118

2*124

5-930

4-865

109

Ipswich

2 '49 3

2*229

7-751

7*348

103

Colchester

2*775
1 2*692

2*298

8*659

7* 060

n8

Norwich

2*313

9-755

8*128

V. South-Western Division.

136

(a) Bideford, (ft) Holsworthy

1*650

1 '55°

3*936

3*286

135

(a) South Molton, (6) Torrington, (c) Crcditon,) ,, ,

(<Z) Barnstaple / Devonshire

1*668

1*568

3*993

3*384

141

(a) Totnes, (A) Kingsbridge, (c) Plympton St. Mary . Devonshire

i* 800

1-653

4*400

4*036

153

(n) Williton, (A) Wellington

1*783

1*698

4*139

3*817

146

(a) Bodmin, (A) St. Columb

1*832

1 ' 711

4-447

4-019

140

Newton Abbot

1*884

1*723

4-975

3-978

145

(a) Launceston, (6) Stratton, (c) Camelford

. . Cornwall

1*79!

1-725

4*609

4-316

T37

(a) Tavistock, ( b ) Okchampton

1 *8o6

I-725

5*150

4*355

139

St. Thomas

1 * 905

1-729

5*126

4-325

130

(a) Poole, (J>) Warehnm

1 ’ 922

1*738

4-531

3-612

144

(a) St. Germans, (A) I.iskcnrd

1 i'9&9

i*749

4*861

4*244

during

in

the Seven Years 1838-44,

Districts of England.
&c. — continued.

cxvii

IO

-15

35

-45

45

-55

55~65

65~75

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

*410

•546

•833

1-117

1*207

I'3°5

2-792

2*432

5 * 97 1

5-511

•434

•502

•927

1*302

1*382

1-526

2-966

2-759

6- 188

6'349

•410

•354

1-385

1*201

i- 801

1-469

3-257

3*002

7-764

6-432

•551

•522

i-69X

1-424

2-195

1-677

3 -401

2-825

7-880

5-922

•444

'379

1-027

1-378

1-449

i' 133

3-369

2*710

5-265

5 • 182

•452

• 610

•879

I-X47

1 -441

1-328

2-780

2-363

5 '955

6-369

•481

•506

'793

1*221

1-243

1-622

2*402

2*597

5'376

5-192

•458

•806

•893

1-247

1 ‘ 354

1-287

2-267

2*575

5 ‘ 7°5

6-582

•486

•684

I*03I

1-247

1-323

i'333

2-683

2-898

6-395

6*410

•518

•576

1*366

1-243

1-617

1-658

2*941

3*012

5-887

5'635

•512

'755

'937

1-048

1*410

X-X55

2*687

2-609

6-302

5 ‘ 979

•510

•476

1-765

i'373

2'i94

i-8xi

3*537

3*465

6-609

6-842

•357

•659

•911

1*287

1-237

1-568

2*700

2-655

5-646

6-131

'484

•811

OO

OO

1*215

1 • 108

1-426

2 *501

2- 600

6-152

5*479

•496

•592

'97°

1*241

i'335

1-340

2-486

2-873

6-720

6-225

•584

•628

•781

1 - 264

1*223

i- 226

2-285

2-378

6-395

5-726

■526

•561

i*793

1 -408

2-561

1-746

4' 145

2-874

7'833

7*349

•609

•824

1-161

1*436

1*521

1 -6io

2-954

2-868

5-920

6-303

•678

•649

1-098

1*120

1-586

I'5I5

2* 722

2-669

5 ' 759

5-065

•489

'743

1*421

1-496

2*103

1-679

3' 973

3*537

8-190

7'576

•288

'374

•985

1*052

I*0I7

1-082

1*625

2 * IOQ

5*259

4*022

•370

'513

i- 160

1 -066

1*965

i'473

3 ' 194

2-634

6-699

6-566

•476

•548

'957

1*102

1-124

I*I52

2-362

i'933

4-543

4-963

•439

•661

•923

1 -016

1-208

1-503

2'395

2*911

6-431

4-777

•495

• 62X

'943

1 '°73

1*387

1*310

2*739

2*464

6-985

5-659

•372

•307

I * 200

I*042

1-662

1-381

2-688

2*512

5 '204

4.854

'494

•612

'733

•998

1*041

1*025

1-959

2- I06

4*5°x

4-346

'553

■685

'847

*939

1-053

1*365

2- 108

2-157

4-837

3-963

•571

'544

1-289

I * 101

1-888

i '414

3*443

2-916

6-583

5-729

•525

'475

I*030

I • 190

1-423

1-476

2 • 788

2-476

5-651

4-837

'455

'49°

•836

1-048

1*190

1-216

2-369

1*902

5-838

4-294

'444

•666

•921

1-185

1 -144

I *190

2-296

2-327

5-167

5-044

•528

'657

•864

1 .063

I*I92

1*123

1-871

1-824

4-423

5 '145

•570

•615

‘978

•931

1-356

1-228

2-355

2-263

5'5°7

4-634

'573

•751

I*052

1*321

1-585

i'393

3-326

2-829

7' 054

5'53i

•520

•520

1-062

i'393

1-463

1-362

2-362

2- 600

5-338

5'i33

'55°

'645

1-178

1-235

1-495

1-335

2-834

2-346

6-339

5-684

'479

•756

•909

1-327

I*27I

i'54°

2 ' 5 73

2-630

6-039

5-286

• 618

•730

I*II9

1*331

1*221

1-244

2 ’594

2*472

5-919

5'i84

'574

'777

'954

1 * 1 7 7

i‘ 713

1-479

2-548

2-525

5 '954

5-193

•525

•628

1-648

I*I92

1-870

i'5°9

3-878

2-896

6-961

6-133

'734

•655

1-677

1-328

2*190

i- 880

3.081

3-236

8-411

6-312

•567

•636

1*321

1*209

1-748

1-424

3-263

2*577

6*837

5'43i

•411

•516

CX>

Vaj

'793

1*202

1-146

2-076

1*702

4*667

4*201

•286

•382

•880

•824

1-185

'945

2 '49 1

1 '939

5'95i

4.490

'377

'399

•903

•833

1*240

•936

2-450

2-036

5' 3°3

4-758

'339

•396

•891

•970

I * 201

i'°77

2-390

2 * 102

5-086

4-509

'365

'489

•912

'874

1-285

•875

2'5°5

2*115

5*233

4-720

'373

•428

1*129

•889

1 '349

i' 177

2-539

1*990

5-031

5-388

•409

•586

'952

'73°

I * 102

1-028

2-034

i '991

5-840

4-587

•411

•480

'903

•875

i • 3 7 2

•880

2-655

2*000

5-179

4-929

'433

'477

•972

•873

1-450

x*i56

2-724

2*301

6 • 604

5.426

'399

•442

•909

1-141

i- 606

i'i54

2-463

2-358

6-234

5-587

•442

‘449

1 -068

•879

1-250

1*103

2*398

2*003

5-580

4' 75°

cxviii Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Ages

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

O-

-5

Males. Females.

Males.

Females.

147

St. Austell

2*052

1-765

5-626

4-620

133

(a) Axminster, (A) Honiton '

. Devonshire

1-767

i - 773

4-656

4*3 75

157

(a) Axbridge, (A) Wells

Somersetshire

1*902

1-843

5-658

4-638

154

Taunton

Somersetshire

2 -080

1-846

5-368

4-584

13s

(a) Weymouth, (A) Bridport, (c) Beaminster .

. Dorsetshire

2-067

1-856

5-386

4-728

134

Tiverton

Devonshire

1*912

1-865 1

4-914

4-439

152

(a) Penzance, (A) Scilly Islands

2 -128

1-865 !

6-164

5-572

151

Helston

1-951

1-870

4-971

4-859

143

Truro

2'192

1-894

5-601

4-92o

129

(a )Shaftesbury, (A) Wimborne, (c) Blandford,(d)Sturmins ter Dorsetshire

1-844

1-908

4-562

4-147

150

Falmouth

2-399

1-916

6-723

5-284

122

(a) Highworth, (6) Cricklade, (c) Malmesbury,
(d) Chippenham

> Wiltshire

1-784

1-929

5-027

4-304

r49

Redruth

. Cornwall

2-277

1-930

6-028

5-647

156

Bridgwater

Somersetshire

1-934

1-940

6-167

5-637

159

(a) Frome, ( b ) Clutton, (c) Keynsham ....

Somersetshire

2-062

1-970

5-672

4-722

t3i

(a) Sherborne, (b) Dorchester

. Dorsetshire

2*015

1-982

5-623

4-455

l6l

Bedminster

. Somersetshire

2 *002

1-991

7‘°55

6- 229

155

(a) Chard, (b) Yeovil, (c) Langport

. Somersetshire

2*023

i-997

5-670

4-831

128

(a) Tisbury, (A) Mere, (c) Warminster ....

1 "995

2*010 1

5-035

4-323

126

(a) Amesbury, (A) Alderbury, (c) Wilton .

(a) Caine, (A) Marlboro’, (c) Pewsey

• . Wiltshire

2*004

2-024 1

4-723

4*012

123

1-940

2*025

5 -018

4-362

143

(a) Stoke Damerel, (A) East Stonehouse (including
Royal Naval Hospital)

| Devonshire

2-870

2*040

8-360

7*339

143

(a) Stoke Damerel, (A) East Stonehouse (exclusive of
Royal Naval Hospital)

|- Devonshire

2-673

2*040 :

8-364

7-339

r 42

Plymouth

. Devonshire

2* 701

2 * 1 2 T 1

8-875

7'635

125

(a) Mclksham, (A) Bradford, (c) Westbury . .

. . Wiltshire

2-226

2*127

6-431

5-34i

i58

(a) Shepton Mallet, (A) Wincanton ....

Somersetshire

2- 168

2-138 '

5-641

5-144

124

Devizes . . •

. . Wiltshire

2*204

2- l68

5-304

4-398

160

Bath

Somersetshire

2*711

2*229

8-588

7-34°

138

Exeter

• Devonshire

2-769

2-28o

9-588

8-199

127

Salisbury

. . Wiltshire

2-619

2-398

7-927

7-619

VI. West Midland Division.

170

(a) Wheatenliurst, (A) Westbury-on-Severn

G loucestershire

i-88i

i -75°

4-862

3-992

182

(a) Tenbury, (A) Martley, (c) Ilpton-on-Severn

Wo rcestersh ire

1-882

1-793

4-076

3-561

167

(a) Northleach, (6) Stow-on-the-Wold, (c) Winchcomb Gloucestershire

1-653

1 • 802

4-470

3-448

203

Warwick

Warwickshire

2* 120

1 • 802

5-908

5.049

179

(a) Market Drayton, (A) Newport

. Shropshire

1-936

1-852

4-910

4.096

202

(a) Stratford-on-Avon, (A) Southern, (c) Rugby

Warwickshire

1-886

1-853

5-192

4-035

176

Atcham

. Shropshire

1-898

1-865

4-163

3-735

183

(a) Pershore, (A) Evesham, (c) Shipton-on-Stour .

Worcestershire

1-830

1-875

4- 280

3-870

185

(«) Droitwich, (A) Bromsgrove, (c) King’s Norton
(a) Tamworth, (A) Lichfield, (c) Burton-on-Trent .

/ Worcestershire

2*or7

1-875

6-076

5-084

192

. Staffordshire

1-967

i- 880

5-361

4-507

181

(a) Shiffnal, (A) Bridgnorth, (c) Cleobury Mortimer

• Shropshire

1-953

1-897

4-750

4-049

164

(a) Chipping Sodbury, (A) Thornbury, (c) Dursley

G toucestersh i re

i-86o

1-919

5-183

4-3 74

i63

Cheltenham

Gloucestershire

2-439

1-929

7-954

6- 808

165

(a) Tetbury, (A) Cirencester

Gloucestershire

1-891

1-934

5-118

4*011

172

(a) Ross, (A) Ledbury

Herefordshire

2-062

t-934

5-548

4-35°

196

Stone •

. Staffordshire

1-979

1-950

4-919

4-125

2or

(a) Meriden, (A) Solihull, (c) Alcestcr ....
(a) Ludlow, (A) Church Stretton, (c) Clan .

Warwickshire

1-917

1-958

5*011

3-991

175

. Shropshire

1-997

1-965

4-788

3-853

166

Stroud

Gloucestershire

2-049

1-977

6-243

5 * 100

171

(a) Newcnt, (A) Tewkesbury

Gloucestershire

2-065

2*cor

5-845

4*979

178

(«) Oswestry, (A) Ellesmere, (c) Worn ....

. Shropshire

2*029

2 * 0T2

4-964

4-377

193

(a) Lttoxeter, (A) Cheadle, (c) Leek ....

2-026

2*015

5-428

4-132

163

Clifton

Gloucestershire

2-446

2-018

8 -066

6-956

186

Kidderminster

Worcestershire

2-213

2*020

6- 608

5-409

198

Penkridge

! 2-006

2-043

5 *ooo

6-463

180

(a) Wellington, (A i Madeley

2*113

2-068

5-846

5-099

174

(a) Bromyard, (A) Leominster, (c) Weobly

. Herefordshire

2-078

2-082

4-871

4* 101

197

j Stafford .

. Staffordshire

| 2-268

2-089

5-108

4-473

in Districts of England.

cxix

during the Seven Years 1838-44, &c. — continued.

IO-

-15

35-

45

45

-55

55-65

65-75

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

•489

•407

1*012

•974

1-676

1*100

2-850

1*910

5-918

4-447

•332

•565

•886

•906

1-115

1 * 105

2*250

2*501

4-859

4-332

•427

•506

1*025

1*032

1-198

T.401

2-416

2-370

5-371

4-909

•460

•578

i'i97

1-138

i- 800

1 • 208

3-008

2-626

7-487

5*001

•548

•527

1-053

1-049

1-516

1-311

2-517

2-287

4-661

5 -018

•407

•413

•983

•934

1-417

1-236

2-676

2-484

5 • 812

5-5I9

•499

•350

* 920

1*015

i- 716

1*040

3-148

2*252

5-590

4- 161

■517

•470

•968

1-028

2-039

1*209

3-235

2-088

6-107

5 *021

•493

•485

•985

•895

2-063

1*004

3-592

2-283

6-805

5-114

•514

•484

•778

1*072

1-285

1-282

2-254

2-719

5-591

6-082

•421

•515

1*561

•872

1-664

1-246

2-604

2-452

5-947

5 • 808

•540

• 664

1*019

i’ 143

1 • 266

1-484

2-366

2-477

5-565

5-512

•570

•509

1-529

•921

2-903

• 972

4-786

2-199

8- 272

6-281

•424

•488

• 926

•950

1-323

I * 209

2-594

2-164

5-085

4-351

•534

•556

'997

1-254

1-588

I * 192

2-709

2-544

6-250

5-574

•501

•632

i'i3i

1*203

1-347

i -468

2-644

2-591

5-490

6-131

•463

'499

•960

1*009’

1-369

1*5 20

2-327

2-335

5-992

5-496

•474

•629

•942

1-179

1-348

1-489

2 • 65 2

2*409

5-969

5-680

•491

'574

1*015

1-216

1-603

1 -606

2-824

2-612

5-661

6-029

•343

'535

1*242

I - 269

1-525

1-620

2*990

2-914

6-205

6-558

•370

•640

i1 196

1*050

1-417

1-334

2-597

2-876

5-387

7-092

•491

OO

'-~4

i'935

1 -086

2*007

1-574

3*020

2-359

6-564

5-871

•494

'487

1*402

1-086

1-729

1-574

2*921

2*359

6-463

5-871

•420

•516

1 '145

2' 135

2-258

1-565

3-411

2-349

6-725

5-367

•553

•618

i'°33

1*190

1-613

1-865

2-938

3- 120

6-oi6

5-901

•360

•636

1 • 181

1-269

1-603

i-555

2-735

2-395

5-636

5-219

•480

•470

i'595

1-278

2-275

1-968

2-331

3-217

6-745

6-501

•544

•590

1-644

1-396

2-518

1-897

4-031

3-174

7-960

6-807

•444

•490

i'7i5

1-329

2-746

1-557

3-848

2-837

7‘997

6-691

•329

•686

1-632

i'345

2-509

1-835

4-147

3-563

8-089

6-463

'594

•436

'774

1-053

1-370

1*013

2-578

2*102

5-601

4-679

•398

•525

1*001

1-154

i-6io

1-313

2-479

1-957

5-994

5-234

•365

•523

•768

1-097

I * 140

I * 042

1-936

2-416

5-013

6-152

•466

•536

1*285

1 • 161

1-815

1-370

3T34

2-647

6-683

5-866

•440

'497

•924

1*023

1-679

i-355

2-582

2-256

5-547

5-092

•488

•569

'776

1-187

1-239

1-226

2-567

2-333

6-315

5-492

•563

'450

'789

1-283

1-499

1-082

3-198

2-325

6-491

5-040

•340

•670

•880

1-074

I*I72

1-254

2-313

2-425

5-949

5 -889

•516

•517

1-034

•979

1-448

1*321

2-860

2-642

5-691

5-853

•413

'459

1*015

1-084

1-393

1-391

2-457

2-456

5'725

4-749

■463

'497

1-046

1-148

1-639

1-298

2-842

2-681

6-078

5-957

•418

• 667

•851

1*101

1*227

1-4.62

2-433

2-273

5-474

5-150

•492

•621

1-449

1-164

I*9II

1-493

3-5/6

3-213

7'963

6-854

•367

•588

•965

i-ii3

1-369

1-418

2-258

2-844

7-417

6-122

•362

•609

1 • 146

1 ■ 163

1-541

1-264

2 • 809

2*227

6-628

5-3I7

•483

•750

1*013

I * 190

1-461

1-474

3-028

2-263

6-220

6-243

•5i5

•645

•861

I‘3I3

1*215

1-275

2-661

2-551

5-886

5-058

•5i7

•687

1 -069

2- 345

I-4I9

I*272

2*701

2-482

6-039

6-070

•458

'433

'97°

1*109

I-I93

i'539

2-678

2*700

5-697

5-742

'37 1

•526

1-045

1*217

1-395

1-417

2-259

2-425

6-226

4-729

•501

•556

1*205

1-175

1-417

1-334

2-540

2-6ri

5-919

5-781

*6ll

•587

•983

1-446

i-375

1 -66i

2-685

2-296

5-459

5-087

■538

'494

1-378

1-036

1-748

1-586

3-976

2-890

6-997

6-374

•527

* 664

1-055

1-351

1 • 690

1 -498

3-140

2-682

7-016

5-146

'669

•626

'994

I*25I

1-313

1*410

3-199

3*012

6-511

6 • 106

• 612

'474

I * I 14

I* 204

1-672

1-525

3 " 141

2-285

7-359

5-586

•428

'539

1*023

1-093

1-378

1-451

2-562

2-336

6-420

5-585

•570

•709

1-875

1-626

2-566

2-067

3-270

3-085

6-295

5-466

cxx

Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Ages

All Ages.

O-

-5-

No.

DISTRICTS.

1 Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

189

West Bromwich

i 2*225

2.IO7

7-342

6-397

173

Hereford

. Herefordshire

2-338

2-145

5-793

4-372

200

Aston

II arwickshire

1 2-293

2-154

8-066

7-058

187

Stourbridge

Worcestershire

; 2-348

2*170

7-958

6-187

169

Gloucester

Gloucestershire

2 • 640

2-199

7-881

6-555

205

( a ) Foleshill, (ft) Nuneaton, (e) Atherstone.

IVarwickshire

2-325

2*219

7-280

6 - 368

188

Dudley .

IVorcestersk ire

2-458

2-250

8-613

7-192

184

Worcester

II orcestershire

2-734

2-276

8-141

7-272

190

Walsall

2*219

2-332

8-189

6-976

177

Shrewsbury

. Shropshire

2*902

2-339

7-336

6-173

194

Newcastle-under-Lyme

. Staffordshire

2-492

2-4x4

8-308

7-193

191

Wolverhampton

2-503

2*422

9-701

8-464

204

Coventry

Warwickshire

2-697

2-432

9-334

7-620

199

Birmingham

Warwickshire

2-780

2-439

9-609

8-365

195

(a) Stoke-on-Trent, (ft) Wolstanton

2-647

2-509

8-692

7-3°5

162

Bristol

Gloucestershire

3-224

2-643

10-698

9-234

VII. North Midland Division.

218

(a) East Retford, ( b ) Worksop

Nottinghamshire

1-849

1-766

5 • 208

4-243

217

(«) Caistor, (ft) Glanford Brigg, (c) Gainsborough

. Lincolnshire

1-857

1-781

5-579

4-619

210

(a) Billesdon, ( b ) Market Harboro’, (c) Melton) Leicestersi,ire
Mowbray /

1-871

1-809

4-876

3-787

215

(a) Spilsby, (ft) Horncastle, (c) Louth . . .

• Lincolnshire

1-941

1-826

5-74i

4-669

212

(a) Stamford, (6) Bourn

1-892

1-830

5-239

4-440

2 1 1

(a) Oakham, ( ft ) Uppingham

I‘9I7

1-843

4- 960

4- 181

219

(a) Southwell, (ft) Mansfield

Nottinghamshire

1-884

1-857

5-57i

4'597

213

(a) Grantham, (ft) Sleaford

1 '953

1-865

6-176

4-805

220

(a) Newark, (ft) Bingham

Noltingha msh ire

1-948

1-927

5-911

4-979

207

(a) Market Bosworth, (ft) Ashly-dc-la-Zouch .

Leicestershire

2-055

i-957

5-879

4-820

206

(n) Lutterworth, (ft) Hinckley, (c) Blaby .

Leicestershire

2-038

1-974

6-156

5-079

224

Shardlow .

. Derbyshire

2-030

1-983

5-403

4-749

216

Lincoln .

. Lincolnshire

2*100

1-994

6-247

5-433

226

(a) Belper, (ft) Ashbornc

2*001

2*017

5-858

4-883

227

Bake well

2*010

2*04I

6-083

4-561

221

Basford

Nottinghamshire

2 * III

2-044

6-974

5-395

214

(a) Spalding, (6) Holbcach, (c) Boston .

. Lincolnshire

2-195

2- 086

7-302

6- 06 1

228

Chesterfield

2 • 184

2 ■ 1 16

6-796

5-339

208

(a) Loughborough, (6) Barrow-on-Soar .

Leicestershire

2-297

2*123

7-735

6-198

229

(a) Ilayfield, (ft) Chapel-en-le-Frith

. Derbyshire

2*129

2*141

6-979

5-965

222

Radford

Nottinghamshire

2-526

2*23I

9-138

7-249

225

Derby

2-607

2-405

9-628

7-811

209

Leicester

2-945

2-534

11 -080

8-790

223

Nottingham

Nottinghamshire

2-919

2-538

12-239

xo- 346

VIII. North Western Division.

24r

TJlverstone

1-713

1-699 !

3-877

3-493

239

(a) Fylde, (ft) Garstang, (c) Clitheroe .

. Lancashire

1-759

1-819

4-818

4-238

238

Ormskirk

I i-95°

1-886 >

5-471

4-625

235

(a) Great Boughton, (Chester), (ft) Wirrall

. , Cheshiie

2-343

2*015

6-713

5-596

233

2-136

2-053 |

6-184

5 ' >5 1

234

(a) Altrincham, (6) Runcorn

2*I42

2-087

6-034

5-275

243

(a) Todmordcn, (ft) Haslingdcn

• Lancashii'e

2-319

2- I08

7-529

6-099

232

(«) Conglcton, (ft) Northwich

2-081

2-I3I i

6-35 7

5-357

240

Lancaster

2-405

2*214

6- 1 18

5-247

237

West Derby

2-596

2-245

9-399

8-493

246

Chorley

2-193

2*250

7-303

6-255

251

(a) Leigh, (ft) Prcscot

2-413

2-294

7-791

6-622

242

Burnley

, Lancashire

2-377

2-337

8-378

7-213

253

(«) Chorlton, (ft) Worsley

2-636

2-391

9-945

8-579

252

2-585

2-394

8-400

6 • 706

248

Bury

2-666

2-447 !

10*001

8-172

247

Rochdale

2-694

2-474

9-841

8 188

in Districts of England. cxxi

during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

10

-15

35

-45

45

~55

55“65

6 5-1 5

Males.

' Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

•670

•499

***55

I * 150

1-658

1-349

3*433

2-951

7-443

7-036

•459

■513

1 ' 3 74

1-390

1-713

1-580

3-35I

2-435

6-353

5-327

•365

•423

1-245

1*231

2-069

1-724

3-799

2-775

'7-574

6-566

•643

•609

1-094

1-248

1-789

1 481

2-776

2-391

6-635

5-361

•649

•558

1-755

1-311

2-390

1-709

3-843

3-318

6-901

6-224

•404

•455

•977

1*05 I

1-523

1-268

2*440

2 • 669

5-873

5*227

•596

•437

1*213

1-079

1-807

1-340

3-407

2-257

6-523

5-981

•349

•490

1-895

1-352

2-586

1-803

4-206

3-664

9-842

7-046

•424

•661

•976

1-376

1 - 662

1-462

3-357

2-647

7-337

6-558

•757

•748

2-166

i- 189

2-6ii

1-932

4-241

2-899

8-282

7-462

•468

•400

1-641

X -461

1-507

1-568

3 * 220

3- 281

6-702

6-575

•547

•571

1-117

I ’ 208

1-934

1-483

3-613

3 * C02

6-982

5-959

•493

•642

i- 326

1-182

i-9*7

1-618

3-496

3-636

7-138

7-232

•539

•547

1-746

1-378

2-758

1-928

4-428

3-743

9-885

6-983

•653

•742

i-537

1-561

2-352

2 * 122

4-792

3-348

8-971

7-061

• 782

•667

2*210

1-446

2 • 880

2*094

4-993

3-4*9

9*184

7-341

•395

•528

•866

•930

1 ' * 3 7

1 • 169

2*597

2-016

5-498

4-906

•390

•509

•835

•981

1-047

1 ■ 169

2-268

2- 080

5-44*

4-426

•340

•585

•978

1-138

1*020

1-399

2-605

2-297

5-539

5-196

•443

•551

•949

•984

1-255

1-055

2-505

2-060

5-676

4-327

•471

’493

I* no

I • 123

1-363

1-260

2-774

2-423

5 -822

4-927

■ 387

•439

•932

•941

•984

1-226

2-329

2-066

5-986

5-096

• 365

•489

•852

I *011

I*23r

1*215

2*I90

2-329

5-839

5-053

•388

•566

1-026

•946

1 *281

1-243

2-544

2-363

5-788

5-347

•493

•593

•889

1*100

1 ' 154

1-317

2 - 612

2-348

4-928

4-621

•492

•652

•938

I • 228

1 -486

1-303

2-555

2-507

5-123

4-722

•397

•517

1-047

1*159

1-279

1-464

2-709

2-435

5-580

5-903

•365

• 662

1*021

I -441

1-327

I*I92

2-824

2*320

6-455

5-9*5

•532

*536

1 • 186

1*100

1-505

1-525

2-757

2*242

5-858

4-738

•499

•627

•967

1*344

1-277

1-489

2-528

2-671

6- 06 1

5-632

•315

•582

•943

1-285

1-451

1-490

2-234

3-156

6 - 046

6-329

•458

•553

•763

1-266

1-258

1-469

2-245

2-496

5-946

5-465

•534

• 629

1 • 188

1 -143

1-658

1-388

2-869

2 • 780

6-149

5-808

•401

•574

•866

I* 241

1-476

1-466

3-127

3-123

5-898

6-046

• 580

•474

1-003

1 * 1 7 3

*" *99

1-377

2-567

2-689

6-488

5-39*

•530

•669

•952

1-323

1*411

1-565

2-6ii

2-568

5-995

6-938

•471

•507

I ‘ 125

I * 217

1-867

1-609

3-070

3-292

6-301

6-8ri

•519

•923

1-245

1-433

1-916

1-787

3-429

3**75

9-769

6-657

•568

•699

1-491

1-399

2-174

1-949

3-834

3-188

6-911

6-941

•437

•581

1-255

I *502

1-850

1-927

3*728

3-339

8 -165

6-873

• 304

•350

1-079

1-135

I#292

1*271

2- 602

1-842

5-872

5-051

•5 00

•520

•894

1-249

1*205

1-294

2-341

2-340

5-873

5-304

•546

•641

1*203

I * 2 T 7

i -468

1-590

2-647

2-279

5-376

5-*97

•490

•604

1-509

1-338

1-895

1-627

3-636

3-017

7-047

6-096

•465

•621

1-097

1 ■ 236

1-415

1-446

2-452

2-272

5-998

6-148

•530

•533

1-248

1-311

1-781

1-742

3-379

2-885

6-691

7-026

• 640

■608

1-062

1-373

1 * 77r

1-686

3-243

3-223

7-496

6-825

•655

•683

*953

1*321

1-586

1-586

2-793

2-770

6-591

6-431

•529

'549

2*015

1-626

2*429

i-666

3-588

2-790

6-290

6-363

•566

•624

1*343

1-342

2-196

1 • 824

3-720

3-636

8- 220

6-973

• 666

•699

•944

1-467

I*250

1*425

2-395

2-709

6-886

6-345

•578

•600

1-285

I*5C4

1-815

1-667

2-925

2 * 921

7-390

6-4*3

•595

•570

1*012

1-486

1 • 706

i-577

3-182

3-004

6-530

7-257

•509

•603

1 • 289

1-504

2-157

2-028

3-948

3-438

8-105

7-364

• 646

•630

1-551

1-514

2 * 214

1-822

4-008

3-270

7-880

6 ' 405

•640

•601

I * 222

1-540

1-772

1-698

3-611

2.940

7-507

7-073

•759

•521

1-430

1-488

1-972

1-815

3-604

3-263

8-812

8-130

k

cxxii Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Age;

No.

DISTRICTS.

All Ages.

O-

-5

Males.

Females.

Males.

Female

244

Blackburn

2*605

2*479

9*384

8* lit

245

Preston

2*676

2*515

9*674

8-56;

230

Stockport . %

2*699

2-545

10*146

8*70:

256

Ashton

2*797

2*552

10*966

8*9ic

249

Bolton . .

2*824

2-566

io*774

8-923

250

Wigan

2*777

2-575

9-771

8-39^

231

Macclesfield

2*640

2*617

9-092

7’ 77c

255

Salford

3*104

2* 712

12*062

10*58!

254

Manchester

3 ‘43 9

3*112

13 *66o

12*15!

236

Liverpool

3*582

3*151

14*372

12*771

IX. York Division.

275

(a) Pocklington, (6) Tadcaster

1*779

1*822

4*881

4- 25c

268

(a) Pateley Bridge, ( b ) Ripon, (e) Knaresborough

. West Ridmg

i* 860

1*827

5*025

4*19-

259

Rotherham

2*000

1-844

5*613

4*755

271

(«) Howden, (6) Skirlaugh

1*988

1*895

6* 160

4’54f

277

(a) Easingwold, (b) Malton, (c) Helmsley, (a) Pickering North Ruling

1*769

1-898

4-821

4-251

26r

Huddersfield

2-036

1-913

6*303

4-99C

280

(a) Northallerton, (4) Thirsk, (c) Leyburn, (d) Rich-) NarikRill:„„
mond, (e) Askrigg, (/) Reeth, (<7) Bedale . . ) 1 9

1*895

1*916

4*418

3"7°C

274

(a) Patrington, ( b ) Beverley, ((c) Driffield, (rf) Brid-j R R. .■
lington J "

1*894

1-929

6*142

5-292

279

(a) Whitby, (4) Guisborough, (c) Stokesley

. North Riding

2*043

1*950

5*318

4-355

278

Sca'rboiough

2*047

1 979

5 869

4-933

266

(a) Otley, (.4) Keighley

1*967

1-988

6*017

5-023

270

(0) Doncaster, (4) Thorne

2*I42

2*005

7-224

5-385

269

(a) Selby, (4) Goole, (c) Pontefract

2*094

2*023

6673

5-96 e

267

(a) Skipton, (4) Sedburgh, (c) Settle ....

. West Riding

1*925

2*036

4-897

4-322:

263

Halifax

2159

2*059

6* 766

5*708

257

(a) Saddleworth, (4) Ecclesfield, (c) Worsley, (d)Ec-l

clesall Bierlow > nest niaing

2*165

2-093

6* 8or

5 • 861

262

Dewsbury

1 2-162

2*117

7-189

6-105

276

York

2-420

2*159

7-35r

6-47*

2 60

Wakefield

2*338

2*199

6*868

5-705

273

Sculcoates

2*487

2*240

8*617

7-285

264

Bradford

2*536

2*390

9*159

7‘ 54C

265

(a) Leeds, (4) Hunslet

2*724

2-457

9-597

8-345

25 8

Sheffield

2*906

2*539

10*364

8-6oc

272

Hull

3* 008

2*588

10*184

9*095

X. Northern Division.

293

(a) Glendale, (6) Bellingham, (c) Haltwhistle .

Northumberland

1*417

1*383

2*851

2-455

291

(a) Morpeth, (4) Rothbury, (c) Alnwick, ( d ) Belford

North n mberland

I * 702

1-583

3-941

3*005

294

(«) Brampton, (4) Longtown . ......

1-685

1 *606

3*900

3-337

292

Berwick

North umber la nd

2*041

1 *68i

5*334

4*20l

299

(a) Bootle, (4) Alston, (e) Penrith .....

. Cumberland

1 1-799

1-731

4-076

3-488

296

Wigton

j 1*929

1*786

4-624

4-105

290

(a) Castle Ward, (4) Hexham

A orth u m bet' land

! 1*815

1*791

4-196

3-626

297

Cockermouth

2*045

1*847

5*152

443*

300

(a) East Ward, (4) West Ward, (c) Kendal.

. H estmorland

1*990

1*909

4-985

4*041

28r

(n) Darlington, (b) Stockton, (c) Easington.

. . Durham

2*087

1*918

6-534

5-395

283

(0) Auckland, (b) Teesdale, (c) Weardale .

. . Durham

2-028

2-OI2

5-654

4-645

298

AVhitehaven

2-391

2*017

6-262

5 • 1 1 8

284

(«) Houghton-lc-Spring, (4) Chcstcr-le-Street . .

. . Durham

1 2*079

2-084

5-753

5‘397

288

Tynemouth

Northumberla nd

2*350

2#092

6*923

6-097

282

Durham

2* 206

2*122

6*674

5-955

295

1 2*411

2*223

8*235

7-238

285

Sunderland

2*703

2*287

9'335

7-520

287

Gateshead

. . Durham

2*523

2*351

8-107

6-958

289

N ewcastle-on-Tyne

Northumberland

2*837

2*446

9-777

8-786

286

South Shields

. . Durham

1 3*286

2*587

9*129

8-098

in Districts of England. cxxiii

during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

IO

-!5

35-

45

45-

55

55-65

65~75

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

•665

•604

1*202

1-440

1 • 766

1*725

3* 188

3-071

8-072

7-536

•522

•686

1*142

1*420

1-803

2-952

3-264

3*383

7-500

6 • 644

•528

•605

1*136

1*460

2-957

2*036

3-941

4-095

8*960

7*160

•597

•595

1 '149

i-535

2-963

1-798

3-678

3-320

8*241

7-352

•690

•567

1*120

1*481

1-970

i*798

3*615

3-146

7-536

7-347

■633

•617

1-237

1*458

1-748

1 -614

3*232

3-286

8-638

6-270

X *046

1*027

1-255

i-575

1-896

2*090

3-705

3-580

8-084

7*980

•586

•560

1-498

i-557

2-345

2-028

4-820

3-724

9-546

7*426

•567

•681

1-984

1 • 780

3-040

2-831

5-247

4-466

io* 149

8-647

•631

•597

2*162

i* 808

3*367

2*637

5-305

4-668

10*634

9-370

•354

•426

•839

1-095

1*056

1*403

2-479

2*214

5-228

4-720

•421

•451

•855

1-185

2-273

1 • 208

2-247

2-353

5-600

4*921

•694

*522

1*032

•829

1*486

2*578

3-358

2*630

7-135

5-049

•649

•609

•809

•867

1-245

•908

2*212

2*371

4-878

4-639

•450

•569

•804

1-137

2-233

1-078

2-083

2-407

5*279

5-342

•436

•485

1-131

1-489

1 -612

2-5 75

3-295

2-586

8-057

6-069

•435

•602

1-035

1-261

1*283

1*169

2*558

2*296

5-741

5-225

£

00

•556

•860

1*011

1-115

1 • 188

2* 206

2*I72

5-499

4*735

•424

•535

•917

1*031

1*289

1-289

2* 166

2*884

4-792

4*760

•441

•528

•875

1*122

2*452

1*321

2*723

2-848

5*908

6*003

•465

•556

•839

1*300

I *408

1-605

2*584

2-451

6*279

6-746

•439

•598

•976

I * 142

1-363

I*IOI

2*797

2-623

6-549

5*597

*454

•434

•878

1*013

1-305

I • 206

2*592

2*001

5-856

5-228

•530

•659

•935

1*381

1-289

2-723

2- 360

2-699

5*947

5-828

•628

•600

1-177

1-309

2-795

2-543

3-297

2-936

7-283

7*150

•519

*553

1*129

1-254

1 • 825

2*494

3-318

1 3*014

7*115

6*609

•448

•462

•917

1-460

1*298

2-429

2*920

2*510

7*671

5-933

•448

•529

1-419

1-238

2*042

2-535

3*2x6

2-687

6*955

6*021

•564

•653

x '444

1 '375

2-375

1-890

3-064

2-936

7-154

5-725

•367

•408

1*121

1*224

1-488

2-474

3-154

2- 708

7-392

7-057

•660

•716

1*107

1-408

i- 752

1-639

3 • 261

3-I84

7-380

6*788

’621

•654

i'45 7

1-419

2*112

1-694

3*982

3-I70

8-774

7*126

•597

•574

1*658

1-329

2-397

1-850

4*781

3-641

8-756

7*205

•544

•597

1 • 816

2-345

2*862

2-055

4-031

2-962

7-476

6*132

•345

•364

•654

•840

1*273

1*022

2-149

2*000

5-615

5-136

•388

•371

•878

*945

1*201

I * 122

2-552

2-143

6-041

4'3i9

•355

•383

•907

•788

1-043

2-245

2-364

2*01 j

5-795

4*638

•316

•345

1-084

•859

1*742

1-024

2*541

2-143

6-872

5 -128

•475

•570

1 • 146

•932

2-674

I *510

2*643

2-349

5-863

5-257

•562

*420

•945

1-089

2-553

r-393

2*424

2*418

5-956

5*569

•493

•451

•938

2-277

1*289

2-342

2*914

2*505

5-559

4-946

•440

•441

1-095

•975

1*687

1-296

2*906

2-583

6-383

5*355

•481

*479

1-151

2-297

2*564

I * 310

2*620

2-657

5-927

5-213

•772

•514

1-034

2-095

1-419

1-390

2-541

2*249

5-598

4-442

•544

•469

1*003

2-327

1-869

1-461

3-607

2*516

6-485

5-441

•738

•425

1-447

1*092

1-566

1-605

3-527

2*856

7*210

7*004

•678

•562

•968

1-206

1-6x6

2-748

3*007

2-398

6-901

4*589

•610

•5i5

1*162

I • 186

2-946

2-463

3*268

2* 722

7-423

5 • 608

•658

•618

1*127

1-297

2*024

1*469

2* 707

2-523

5-238

5-163

•474

•484

1*229

2-335

2-794

1-662

3-257

2-974

7-168

6*398

•440

•478

1*400

2-337

2*05I

1*664

3-843

2-954

7-459

5-837

* 648

•528

1*603

2-553

1 • 986

2-754

3-597

2*990

8-182

6*858

•597

•452

1*659

1*322

2-499

1*771

4-353

3-279

8-430

6*872

• 708

•485

1-846

2-249

2-393

2*873

5*189

3-135

u-354

8*508

k 2

cxxiv Mortality from all Causes

Annual Mortality per Cent, at different Ages

No.

DISTKTCTS.

All Ages. |

O-

5

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

XI. Welsh Division.

3i3

(a) Tregaron, (6) Lampeter, (c) Newcastle in Emlyn

. South tVales

1*764

1*536

3-752

2-755

324

Anglesey

. A'orth Wales

1*620

1-573

3*617

3"501

312

Aberystwith

. South Wales

1 *802

i*6oi

4* 201

3 • 68 1

318

(a) Dolgelly, ( b ) Corwen, (c) Bala, (d) Festiniog .

. North Wales

i* 660

1 '6°5

3 665

3*020

506

Swansea

. South Wales

1*790

1*628

4*782

4*041

3io

Haverfordwest

. South Wales

T ’ 836

1*635

4-053

3*652

in

(«) Cardigan, (£>) Aberayron

. South Wales

2* 008

1*651

4*276

3*649

309

(a) Narberth, (6) Pembroke

. South Wales

1*808

1*663

3*900

3-426

320

(«) Bangor, ( b ) Conway

. North Wales

1*776

1*715 |

4-857

4-513

3i9

(a) Pwllheli, (6) Carnarvon

. North 14 ales

1-859

1*723

4* 966

4*400

.317

(«) Llanfyllin, (&) Machynlleth

. North Wales

1*693

i-753

3713

3-144

308

Carmarthen

. South Wales

2*085

1*792

4*807

3-945

321

(a) Llanrwst, (b) St. Asaph, (c) Iluthin .

. North Wales

1*835

1*833 1

4*643

3*888

315

(a) Presteigne, ( b ) Knighton, (c) Rhaj'ader

. South Wales

1 *86i

1*858

4*898

4-135

301

(a) Monmouth, ( b ) Chepstow . . ....

Monmouthshire

2*051

i*86o

5-443

4*241

3°7

(«) Llanelly, (b) Llandilofawr, (c) Llandovery . .

. South Wales

2*002

1*878

4*682

4*388

316

(a) Newtown, ( b ) Montgomery

i'975

1*909

4-539

3*863

305

(«) Cardiff, (6) Bridgend, ( c ) Neath .....

. South Wales

1*967

1-925

5 *6io

5*134

323

Holywell

. North Wales

2*125

1 • 968

5-946

5-173

3°3

Newport

Monmouthshire

2*256

2*153

7-479

6*346

322

Wrexham

. North Wales

2*227

2* 168

6*098

5-307

3i4

(a) Builth, (£) Brecknock, (c) Crickhowell, ( d ) Hay

. South Wales

2*326

2*197

7*226

6*038

302

(a) Abergavenny, (6) Pontypool

Monmouthshire

2*360

2*391

8*980

7*805

504

Merthyr Tydfil

. South If '’ales

2*656

2*759

io* 778

10*176

cxxv

in Districts of England.

during the Seven Years 1838-44 — continued.

IO-

-15

35-

■45

45-

•55

55-65

65-75

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

•377

•475

•826

•941

1-176

1-034

2-097

1 -86o

5-696

4-497

*420

•436

•652

• 782

1-062

•976

2*103

2*020

4-892

4-410

•327

•478

• 980

1 • °75

1 - 662

1*300

2*217

2*019

5-961

4-722

•422

•487

■ 798

1 .064

I * 2 1 1

•963

1-957

i-857

4-727

3*754

•399

•502

1*025

I*OI9

1 -618

1-094

2-268

i-86i

5-128

3-834

•481

•533

•909

•867

I*250

1*227

2*071

2-093

5-417

4*001

•496

•528

1*090

*901

1-739

1*271

2*200

1-657

5-146

4-334

• 614

•525

1 * 084

• 928

1-415

1-254

2-436

1-874

4-723

4-257

•408

•453

•826

1*022

1-274

•947

2-156

1-917

5*534

4-994

•403

•394

• 961

- 870

1-275

1 -195

2* I72

1-925

5-236

4-187

•368

•412

•791

•927

1 • 181

1-449

2* 106

1-929

5-469

4-955

•582

•635

1*070

1-139

1-523

1-303

2-565

1 • 766

5-470

4-621

•446

•434

•930

1-182

1*400

1-332

I-909

2*I72

5-156

5 -026

•33i

•378

* 966

1*019

1-238

1-326

2-443

1 ■ 966

5-4i7

5-037

•458

•391

1*223

1-139

1-640

1-434

2-913

2*121

5-818

4-645

•519

•512

1-033

•961

1-450

1-264

2-586

I * I30

5-582

4-458

•534

• 683

•951

1 • 165

1-558

i*437

2-821

2-237

6-095

5-135

• 646

•416

1*052

I * 204

1-531

1-317

2-719

2*023

5-580

4-136

•557

•450

1 • 180

1-194

1 ‘ 9r3

1 • i6r

3-567

2*025

7-273

5-328

•575

•725

1-286

1-306

1 -508

1-605

3 • 186

2-682

5-833

4-654

•566

•532

1-099

1-336

1-842

1-564

3*305

2- 660

6-826

5-972

•667

■559

I • IOI

1 -184

1-392

1*400

2-737

2-317

6-197

4-849

•776

•636

• 912

1 • 189

1-596

1-432

3-333

2-686

6-418

5'549

•735

•571

1*117

1-259

1 • 98c

1-519

3 • 168

2*920

7-018

4-699

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-1844, in 21 Healthy Statistical Districts.

cxxvi

Mortality from all Causes in Healthy Districts,

Annual Mortality per Cent, during the Seven Years 1838-1844, in 33 Unhealthy Statistical Districts.

Mortality from all Causes in Unhealthy Districts.

cxxvii

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Mortality from Cholera at different Ages during the Year 1849, in England and the Eleven Divisions.

cxxviii

Mortality from Cholera at different Ayes.

'

Note. — For construction of this Table, see p. xlii.

Mortality from Diarrhoea at Different Ages during the Year 1849, in England and the Eleven Divisions.

Mortality from Diarrhoea at different Ages,

cxxix

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cxxx

1849. Districts in which Cholera teas most Fatal.

Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea, during the Year 1849, in some
of the most Fatal Districts.

CHOLERA.

DIARRHOEA.

CHOLERA AND
DIARRHCEA.

DISTRICTS.

Deaths
to 10,<!00
Persons
Living.

Persons

Living

to One
Death.

Deaths
to 10,000
Persons
Living.

Persons
Living
to One
Death.

Deaths
to 10,000
Persons
Living.

Persons
Living
to One
Death.

No.

559

Alnwick

69

146

8

1215

77

130

553

Tynemouth ....

129

77

14

•708

143

7°

548

Cheste-le-Street .

65

153

5

2045

7°

143

543

Teesdale

7°

143

3

3279

73

137

5 7°

Cockermouth . .

74

135

7

1412

81

123

520

Hull

241

42

40

252

281

36

5i9

Sculcoates ....

152

66

33

299

185

54

5i3

Selby

73

x38

12

857

85

ns

5°i

Leeds

145

69

27

37r

172

58

500

Uunslet

102

98

14

725

Il6

86

434

Gainsborough

91

no

23

428

114

88

465

Wigan .....

75

134

21

481

96

104

462

West Derby ....

82

123

20

499

102

98

461

Liverpool .....

167

60

39

254

206

49

473

Manchester ....

4°

252

35

289

75

D3

472

Sal ford

28

354

31

322

59

169

379

Wolverhampton .

137

73

24

409

l6l

62

369

Newcastle-under-Lyme .

117

85

12

858

129

78

5i

Gravesend ....

119

84

23

435

142

70

197

Romford

67

149

18

563

85

118

1-36

London .....

62

161

17

585

79

127

96

Portsea Island . .

82

122

18

543

IOO

IOO

97

Alverstoke ....

79

126

13

792

92

109

I05

Southampton ....

74

136

l6

614

9°

III

264

Salisbury ....

185

54

34

298

219

46

33°

Clifton

75

134

12

858

87

1 15

329

Bristol

9°

hi

19

533

IO9

92

328

Bedminster ....

74

134

9

1144

83

120

316

Bridgewater ....

72

140

9

1058

81

123

582

Merthvr Tydfil .

234

43

14

74°

248

4°

581

Cardiff

9°

hi

17

587

!°7

93

584

Neath

169

59

14

716

183

55

287

Plymouth ....

167

60

10

1012

177

56

286

Plympton St. Mary

77

131

3

3289

80

125

289

Stoke Damerel

193

52

17

584

210

48

202

St. Germans ....

143

7°

II

914

154

85

288

hast Stonehouse .

148

68

8

1284

156

64

ENGLAND. .

3°

329

II

929

41

244

Note. — In the above calculations, the population enumerated March 31, 1851, has been used,
a correction having been applied for the purpose of reducing it to the number estimated to have
been living in the middle of the Year 1849. The calculations in a subsequent table were made
before the population of 1851 was known.

1849. Deaths from Cholera on each Day. cxxxi

Deaths from Cholera on each Day of each Week in the Year 1849.

ENGLAND (exclusive of London.)

LONDON.

WEEKS.

Monday.

Tuesday.

Wednesday.

Thursday.

Friday.

Saturday.

Sunday.

Total

during

each

Week.

Monday.

Tuesday.

Wednesday.

Thursday.

| Friday.

Saturday.

Sunday.

Total

during

each

Week.

I

II

II

20

8

3

15

12

80

2

8

8

16

20

24

13

91

2

10

9

9

IO

13

9

II

71

25

x7

14

12

13

12

6

99

3

II

16

IO

7

9

7

12

72

6

7

4

2

7

5

7

38

4

II

28

1 1

IO

17

24

IO

IOI

5

8

6

7

7

5

6

44

5

l6

13

13

15

11

9

9

86

4

9

7

5

3

7

8

43

6

6

7

9

5

4

II

4

46

6

9

11

8

12

14

7

67

7

3

9

3

7

4

8

IO

44

2

II

2

6

4

5

7

37

8

4

6

6

7

8

4

8

43

4

10

2

8

3

7

4

38

9

5

6

3

5

3

5

4

3i

7

3

5

5

I

3

2

26

IO

7

5

5

4

3

IO

25

59

• •

2

3

2

2

I

3

13

II

14

13

7

8

14

10

15

81

2

I

2

I

• •

I

I

8

12

9

10

9

8

6

7

10

59

4

1

5

13

6

7

TO

8

4

II

3

49

• •

I

2

3

14

6

4

4

4

I

6

• •

25

I

I

2

D

7

3

I

4

3

• •

5

23

I

. •

I

2

l6

2

9

2

4

I

4

2

24

I

* •

I

• •

J

• •

3

J7

2

2

2

* *

5

5

3

19

I

I

18

4

3

5

3

3

5

7

3°

I

I

I

• •

2

2

7

19

8

11

6

7

7

A

7

50

I

• •

• •

I

20

2

6

8

8

14

12

6

56

• •

2

I

• •

J

I

5

21

10

5

7

9

IO

18

22

81

I

• •

I

• •

3

I

I

7

22

18

22

14

36

29

22

36

177

J

• •

2

2

I

2

2

IO

23

52

47

40

77

51

68

55

390

• •

3

4

10

7

7

5

36

24

68

72

75

61

52

68

53

449

9

5

9

5

7

IO

7

52

25

63

71

56

50

49

56

68

413

12

6

8

8

6

8

14

62

26

66

67

6l

62

97

75

77

5°5

IO

16

23

24

27

24

19

T43

27

107

73

93

74

78

95

96

616

37

3o

20

21

29

35

34

206

28

I 2 I

140

134

*55

131

187

184

1052

45

67

58

46

79

91

97

483

29

212

209

232

221

199

222

167

1462

1 2 I

79

84

IOI

120

126

I09

740

30

167

177

217

213

218

204

185

r38i

IO4

95

123

ii4

IO9

117

I 2 1

783

31

204

223

234

272

208

232

240

1613

172

152

142

123

98

138

127

952

32

270

190

235

233

372

413

3bi

2074

96

XIO

128

IO4

I24

157

166

885

33

433

470

419

410

364

394

352

2842

214

204

*85

173

151

155

168

1250

34

346

325

3°7

369

372

424

370

2513

214

193

158

180

203

240

220

1408

35

330

421

385

370

383

489

584

2962

249

280

238

243

187

250

282

1729

36

572

633

806

824

716

681

759

4991

316

336

314

297

284

3ii

299

2x57

37

627

566

601

659

575

564

524

4116

264

226

192

217

156

X53

120

1328

38

484

495

435

382

330

335

334

2795

131

IO9

119

89

69

75

7r

663

39

337

362

336

342

342

318

336

2373

62

63

46

57

38

4i

44

351

40

339

377

346

272

253

247

240

2074

41

55

31

22

28

20

23

220

41

202

184

168

145

117

III

III

1038

13

II

16

X4

7

9

5

75

42

75

83

67

81

56

75

66

5°3

7

3

3

2

2

I

4

22

43

59

90

6l

80

55

89

64

498

I

2

3

• .

4

2

5

17

44

68

82

54

48

58

48

55

4i3

2

I

• .

3

I

I

8

45

45

44

45

37

27

40

36

274

I

• •

2

• •

3

2

I

9

46

25

29

26

21

25

29

24

179

• •

• •

I

I

2

• •

• •

4

47

16

18

13

14

l6

l6

l6

IOO

I

I

2

48

10

14

9

9

IT

6

5

64

49

10

8

7

7

6

7

6

5X

I

I

5°

8

6

9

3

5

2

3

36

I

I

5i

8

3

4

IO

3

7

6

4i

52

I

6

4

2

2

4

I

20

5 3 first)
day of j

2

2

Total .

5499

5690

5643

5680

5343

5 7°2

5599

39156

2194

2x36

1978

1927

1824

2067

2011

14137

cxxxii 18-19. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea , in Divisions and Counties.

Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhcea during- the Year 1849, in the several
Divisions, Counties, and Districts of England.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

0

0

0

O

0

O

0

O

O

0 .£

.5 -

O CD
O -

CD

.5 *
> 'S

DIVISIONS

AND

to

© .5
—

be

G .

0 bi)

0 .5

to

.5 -

c

OJ

G

1 cu

COUNTIES.

+* G

r— < rt

o>

0 cn
G

it

~ 2.

O V

j2 £

G

0

2 8

G „

rt a*

<L ^

8 c

go-

8 G
«■. 0

cu ^

8 c
0

<u

8 G

qJ 0

G

Q

Ph

Q

a

33

299

12

843

South West. Div.— con.

Devonshire .

44

227

7

1492

Cornwall . . .

24

411

4

2452

72

138

20

500

Somersetshire

21

483

8

1264

22

461

IO

1007

13

752

8

1250

6. West Midland

8

26

1 r84

381

7

6

1344

1602

Division.

27

368

13

791

Gloucestershire .

37

270

96515

IO

962

5

1901

7

H5 3

Herefordshire . .

• I

3

3113

43

40

234

250

20

12

491

811

Shropshire
Staffordshire .

13

51

777

198

5

17

2102

586

42

238

IO

IO48

1699

Worcestershire .

19

533

9

1113

43

234

6

Warwickshire

7

1411

18

553

7. North Midland

49

206

18

556

Division.

159

63

26

380

78

128

25

406

Leicestershire

•8

12230

7

I44°

Rutlandshire . .

4

2572

3

3307

Lincolnshire . .

IO

960

7

1448

Nottinghamshire .

5

1976

9

1138

Derbyshire .

2

4894

5

j998

14

734

8

1305

8. North Western

27

370

II

882

Division.

12

852

9

1084

35

284

II

903

Cheshire ....

18

563

II

890

8

1269

8

1278

Lancashire .

48

208

22

448

9. York Division.

29

345

13

754

West Riding

35

283

12

810

20

13

5°3

786

8

7

1320

1342

East Riding (with {
York) .... I

97

103

20

505

7

1419

6

1540

North Riding

3

3962

3

2956

7

1413

6

1620

3

3969

6

1634

10. Northern Di-

6

1539

8

1307

VISION.

16

835

9

1123

Durham ....

51

198

12

860

Northumberland.

53

189

IO

989

18

55<>

1073

Cumberland . . .

24

424

7

1436

9

Westmorland

•2

56454

3

332i

3

3934

7

1457

5

1825

6

1564

1 1. Welsh Division.

i Monmouthshire •

52

194

8

1208

! South Wales. . .

87

149

8

1314

13

759

7

1445

North Wales. . .

6

1 59 1

3

3843

7

I4II

4

2665

divisions

AND

COUNTIES.

ENGLAND

Divisions.

London . .

South Eastern
South Midland
Eastern . .

South Western
West Midland
North Midland
North Western
York . . .

Northern .

Welsh . .

1. London.

Middlesex (part of) .
Surrey (part of) .
Kent (Greenwich and!
Lewisham) . . /

2. South Eastern

Division.

Surrey ( part of)

Kent (part of) .
Sussex . .

Hampshire . .

Berkshire.

3. South Midland

Division.

Middlesex (part of)
Hertfordshire . .

Buckinghamshire
Oxfordshire .
Northamptonshire .
Huntingdonshire
Bedfordshire . .

Cambridgeshire .

4. Eastern Division.

Essex ....
Suffolk . . . .

Norfolk . . . .

5. South Western-

Division.

Wiltshire .
Dorsetshire .

Note. — These results are uncorrected for increase of population.

1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

exxxiii

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

o

O

0

0

O to

to

tj)

DISTRICTS.

.s _•
> 3

.5 •

C

OJ

coQ

*■ c

a>

•a

0 0

43 s

So.

g 0

rf £
0> —

S3 0

a

Cu

«

i. LONDON.

Middlesex (part of.)
Kensington

35

288

20

512

Chelsea . .

6i

163

23

437

St. George, Hanover!
Square . . . J

20

0

00

10

965

Westminster . . •

St. Martin-in -the- 1

77

130

20

506

Fields . . . . J

St. James, West- 1

36

276

II

929

minster . . . J

15

656

II

935

Marylebone . . •

19

529

17

603

Hampstead .

9

1 121

II

918

Pancras ....

23

360

18

559

Islington. . .

34

298

20

506

Hackney ....

33

304

22

454

St. Giles ....

53

I90

14

7°5

Strand ....

36

279

14

703

Holborn ....

36

276

12

808

Clerkenwell . . .

21

469

l6

616

St. Luke ....

37

272

19

5i4

Eist London .

46

218

14

696

West London . .

147

68

22

463

London City.

37

270

8

1190

Shoreditch . .

94

106

23

441

Bethnal Green .

106

94

28

358

Whitechapel

70

142

22

463

St. George-in-the-East

48

208

17

59i

Stepney ....

55

181

20

493

Poplar ....

101

99

25

404

Surrey (part of.)

St. Saviour Southwark

163

6l

34

297

St. Olave S juthwark

176

57

25

405

Bermondsey .

210

48

43

235

St. George Southwark

179

56

27

373

Newington . .

166

60

25

404

Lambeth . . .

T40

72

24

420

Wandsworth . .

122

82

19

531

Camberwell . .

12C

79

22

464

Rotherhithe . . .

253

40

32

316

Kent (part of)
Greenwich . . ,

88

113

25

401

Lewisham . . .

42

240

23

426

2. SOUTH EASTERN

DIVISION.

i. Surrey (part of .)

Epsom ....

6

1568

6

1725

Cbertsey ....

24

4t5

4

2488

Guildford

5

1923

5

2098

I'arnham . 0

6

1776

14

711

Farnborough.

6

1781

Hambledon .

5

2135

DISTRICTS.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea .

Deaths to 10,000
Persons living.

Persons living to
one Death.

Deaths to 10,000
Persons living.

Persons living to
one Death.

Surrey ( part of) — con

Dorking ....

4

2745

5

2196

Reigate ....

6

1791

3

3582

Godstone. . . .

4

2292

•9

11459

Croydon ....

34

295

16

645

Kingston.

13

749

II

922

Richmond .

35

282

10

1043

2. Kent (pari of.)

Bromley ....

6

1608

8

1237

Dartford

46

217

7

1335

Gravesend

125

80

24

4 r 2

North Aylesford . .

50

201

II

917

Hoo

25

399

II

931

Medway ....

34

296

l6

607

Mailing . .

11

944

10

996

Sevenoaks

2

4442

3

3702

Tunbridge . .

8

1254

9

1134

Maidstone . . .

3°

330

17

577

Hollingbourn .

7

1382

9

1063

Cranbrook . .

—

6

1645

Teuderden . . .

2

5500

II

917

West Ashford • .

9

1133

7

1416

East Ashford. . .

5

1922

8

1281

Bridge ....

5

2196

8

1220

Canterbury .

25

405

9

1154

Blean

17

599

7

1532

Faversham . . .

10

995

8

1326

Milton ....

59

169

H

718

Sheppey ....

50

201

l6

639

Thanet ....

65

155

18

552

Eastry ....

3

3417

10

997

Dover ....

38

261

12

8r7

Elham ....

•7

14662

10

977

Romney Marsh .

2

5200

6

1733

3. Sussex.

Rye

7

r474

5

1965

Hastings . . .

34

29T

19

530

Battle ....

2

4012

4

2407

Eastbourne .

3

3975

I

7950

Hailsham. . . .

2

4144

6

1776

Ticehurst. .

8

1291

12

835

Uckfield ....

2

5480

5

1827

East Grinstead .

•8

12629

3

3157

Cuckfield.

IO

1008

5

1904

Lewes ....

•8

12408

8

1182

Brighton . .

41

241

18

543

Steyning

17

598

6

t595

Horsham

3

33 50

7

1489

Petwortli . .

I

9680

Thakeham . . .

5

1941

4

2588

Worthing . .

5

2196

4

2510

Westhampnett .

3

3539

9

1089

Chichester .

8

1218

20

504

Midhurst

•8

13325

n

1481

AVestbonrne .

1

5

am

IO

953

CXXX1V

1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts,

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

0 .

0

0

0

O .

0

0

0

<=>. fee

0 e

tx>

O sj)
O E

fcjO

fcp

® to
0 C

Sue

DISTRICTS.

0 ^
** 2

£ *5

'Z OS

r“* £
O "

44 s

’.Ew

DISTRICTS.

^ >
si

IZ ctj
0

G ^
■** E

E .

> "5

Z rt

0 «

E g

'■£ 0
a; 2*

go
00 a

£ ©

•5 o>

2^

° £
£ g

rC £
1)

$0*

1 »
0 s

q

£

0

Q

0-

Q

P*

4. Hampshire.

Hertfordshire — con.

Havant ....

5

2214

8

1329

Hertford ....

57

175

5

2021

Portsea Island . .

107

93

24

415

Hatfield ....

2

4010

12

802

Alveistoke . . .

93

I07

15

676

St. Albans

7

1421

5

2131

Fareham ....

a

1327

IO

1043

Watford ....

25

400

6

1637

Isle of Wight

36

280

8

1182

Hemel Hempstead .

18

548

IO

1045

Lymington .

—

—

7

1435

Berkhampstead . .

4

2305

12

823

Christchurch .

—

—

—

Ringwood

—

—

4

2653

8. Buckinghamshire.

I orciingbridge

13

743

I

6705

1656

New Forest .

5

2208

12

828

Amersham . . .

6

8

1214

Southampton. . .

as

ii3

20

5 1 1

Eton

20

494

8

1265

South Stoneham.

27

373

18

552

Wycombe

31

320

7

1457

Romsev ....

14

693

12

866

Avlesiiury . . .

9

1165

13

791

Stockbridge . . .

3

3547

I

7°94

Winslow ....

—

—

6

1675

Winchester . . .

18

549

23

795

Newport Pagnell .

2

5749

5

209I

D coxford .

I

10281

6

1714

Buckingham .

•7

14239

4

2373

Catherington

8

1178

—

—

Petersfield
Alresi'ord .

4

2487

12

829

9. Oxfordshire.

Alton ....

8

1255

5

1883

Henley ....

2

4386

7

1350

Hartley Wintney

—

—

•9

10722

Thame ....

—

—

I

7803

Basingstoke .

I

8314

6

1663

Headington .

22

452

13

778

Whitchurch .

2

5495

5

1832

Oxford ....

22

450

II

9OO

Andover ....

5

1889

2

5666

Bicester ....

1

7600

*7

15 200

Kingsclere . . .

6

1692

5

2116

Woodstock .

—

—

4

2678 .

Witney ....

14

696

7

2531

5. Berkshire.

Chipping Norton
Banbury ....

•4

28565

I

IO

8074

1020

Newbury ....

14

739

7

1426

Hungerford . .

•5

19896

IO

995

10. Northampton-

laringdon . . .

• 6

I55B3

I

7792

SHIRE.

Abingdon . . .

18

552

14

722

2685

Wantage . .

—

6

1683

Brackley ....

—

—

4

Wallingford .

—

—

5

2993

Towcester . .

—

—

7

1393

Bradfield .

2

5185

5

1944

Potterspury . . .

—

—

4

2449

Reading ....

9

1148

23

444

Hardingstone . .

28

361

6

2734

Wokingham .

•8

12803

•8

12803

Northampton .

27

5 74

9

1082

Cookhatn •

7

1382

IO

1005

Daventry. . . .

2

4293

2

5367

Easthainpstead .

—

3

2963

Brixworth

—

—

8

2327

Windsor ....

28

354

2

5126

Wellingborough

1

9974

3

3325

Kettering . . .

•5

18269

3

3654

3. SOUTH MIDLAI1
DIVISION.

JD

Thrapston . . .

Oundle ....
Peterborough

7

1

19

1338

7488

520

7

1

15

1505

7488

670

6 Middlesex (part of.)

Staines ....

31

322

15

661

11. Huntingdonshire.

2633

Uxbridge . . .

21

472

II

899

Huntingdon .

4

II

922

Breotford. . .

5°

201

II

950

St. Ives ....

3

3820

2

6366

Hendon ....

9

I 103

9

I 103

St. Neots

1

9018

6

1640

Barnet ....

20

49 1

21

474

Edmonton

24

421

15

665

12. Bedfordshire.

7. Hertfordshire.

1 Bedford . . •

Biggleswade • •

12

H

859

739

8

9

12 7 r
1089

Ware

12

861

5

1938

Ampthill ....

• 6

15681

6

1742

Bishop Stortford. .

2

645 7

9

1076

Woburn ....

2

5642

3

3761

Royston ...»

4

2770

4

2770

I.eighton Buzxard a

2

5014

12

836

Hitchin ...»

57

176

12

828

Luton

I

8957

7

1493

1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

CXXXY

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

0

0

0

0

0 .

0

0 .

c .

o.S°

bo

e c

to

cT c

bp

0 £

bO

DISTRICTS.

*"• >

.£ -

► .e

DISTRICTS.

~ £

V ^

0

GP re

0 'm

0 'Z

** G

r« O

1—1 <D

Q

g

■** g

«Q

^ G
0

0

»Q

rC 2

0 «

T "

1 2

ft “

0 §

-G ^

1 g

ire q.

a; t"4"*

gs

S £■<

s °

re q"

s 0

re cl

<D ^

S 0

c

P*

Q

Pu

0

O

Ch

13. Cambridgeshire.

Norfolk — continued.

Caxton .

12

840

I

IOO77

St. Faiths . . .

5

1924

—

—

Chesterton

2

4320

4

2400

Norwich ....

6

1628

16

625

Cambridge . .

2

4891

12

843

Forehoe ....

2

4510

2

4510

Linton . . .

2

6480

9

1080

Henstead

•9

11381

2

5691

Newmarket .

2

5472

7

1440

Blofield ....

—

8

1319

Ely ... .

I

6699

6

1546

Loddon ....

I

7236

2

4824

North Witchf'ord

58

173

10

982

Depwade

•4

25589

4

2843

Whittlesey .

11

573

10

982

Guiltcross

—

—

•8

1 1964

Wis beach . .

44

228

15

684

Wav land

—

—

•9

11162

Mitford ....

7

1356

3

3559

a. EASTERN DIVISI

ON.

Walsingham. .

—

I

10480

Docking ....

IO

996

3

3385

14. Essex.

Freebridge Lynn

—

—

2

6290

Kings Lynn . .

I

8277

II

871

West Ham .

50

201

14

690

Downham . . .

4

2743

4

2 743

Kppmg . . .

13

799

II

940

Swaffham . . .

5

2181

•8

13086

Ongar • .

3

3934

2

5901

Thetford ....

2

5847

5

2193

Romford .

74

136

19

516

Orsett

28

363

14

725

5. SOUTH WESTERN

Billericay

3

3402

6

1701

DIVISION.

Chelmsford .

I

7652

152

3

34° 1

17. Wiltshire.

Rochford

66

12

838

Maldon .

15

650

11

946

Higliworth . .

I

7780

2

5186

Teinlring. .

27

370

23

796

Cricklade. . . .

4

2639

6

1649

Colchester . .

2

4448

3

3558

Malmesbury . .

• 7

14714

5

2 102

Lexden .

I

6965

16

633

Chippenham . .

6

1664

6

1664

Witham .

I

7705

8

1185

Caine ....

—

—

4

233 1

Halstead

—

—

8

1266

Marlborough . .

5

1847

4

2309

Braintree . .

—

—

5

2002

Devizes ....

3°

33°

3

3161

Dunmow .

•

2

6627

7

1529

Melksham . . .

•5

18879

12

858

Saffron Walden .

*

'5

18830

4

2690

Bradford ....

5

I9II

12

836

West bury . . .

3

335°

6

1675

15. Suffolk.

Warminster . . .

4

2852

2

4277

Rishridge. . .

4360

Pewsey ....

•8

12259

II

943

*

2

5

1938

Amesbury . . .

I

7706

I

7706

Sudbury . . .

m

•3

3OOI9

6

i6h8

Alderbury . .

29

525

II

886

Cos. ord . . .

*

—

—

7

1520

Salisbury . . .

274

58

32

316

1 hingoe . . .

—

—

2

4509

Wilton ....

12

861

2

5164

Bury St. Edmunds

ft

2

4179

3

3135

Tisbury ....

2

5048

I

10095

iVlildenhail .

—

—

I

9184

Mere

9

1062

Stow ....

I

9839

4

2811

Hartismere . .

Hoxne ...

•5

•6

18530

15796

5

6

2059

2755

18. Dorsetshire.

Bosmere . . ,

•6

16521

6

1652

Shaftesbury . . .

—

—

2

4369

Samlord .

2

5907

6

1688

Stnrminster . . .

—

—

1

1020]

Ipswich . .

7

1404

23

428

Bland ford . .

—

*7

4

13895

Woodbridge . ,

3

3834

6

1643

Wimborne . • .

—

2278

Plomesgate .

—

—

I

7027

Poole . ...

26

390

3

3OI9

Blytlnng .

I

6830

8

1242

Wareham ...

•6

16540

3

3308

Wangford .

7

1386

13

770

Weymouth . . .

32

317

12

85O

Mutford . . .

l6

607

6

1639

Dorchester . . .

7

1461

1

7794

Sherborne . . «

•8

12242

—

16. Norfolk.

Beaminster . . .

—

—

5

2159

Yarmouth .

36

277

18

547

Bridport ....

7

1516

6

1667

Flegg. . . .

Tunstead .

3

3

3838

3858

12

7

853

1403

19. Devonshire.

Erpingham .

•5

20507

5

2051

Axminster . . .

•5

20583

5

1871

Aylsliam . . .

10

955

3

2865

Honiton ....

2

4778

3

3982

cxxxvi J849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

s>

O

c>

q

0

0

0

O

o to

©tx

0 to

DISTRICTS.

C j
> "6

1 .5 j

DISTRICTS.

>

.£ •

> ~

a .

’> *5

** s

_ TtJ
CD

~ 3

0

2 i

• ed
V
»Q

‘ G

S

ja %

a

O g
u 0

~ 2

w Ol

s

§ S

a 3

JS u
4) Ph

I g
S 0

xt u

4, M

Is
s 0

Ph

Q

P<

Q

Ph

Q

pH

Devonshire — con.
St. Thomas .

4

2243

6

1682

Gloucestershire —
continued.

Lxeter ....

14

712

12

803

Newton Abbot . ,

19

516

9

1082

Chipping Sodbury .

I

96r3

13

769

Totnes ....

319

7

1484

Thornbury . .

5

2058

5

1830

Kingsbridge.

8

1267

3

3077

Dursley ....

35

287

9

110S

Plympton St. Mary .

76

131

3

3301

Westbury-on-Severn

4

2254

4

2629

Plymouth •

227

44

13

745

Newent ....

2

5844

6

1670

East Stonehouse.

176

57

9

1079

Gloucester

44

225

ir

925

Stoke D.imerel . .

213

47

19

528

Wheatenhurst

21

468

8

1327

Tavistock . .

58

*7*

7

1500

Stroud ....

9

1145

6

1770

Okehampton. .

3

3667

•9

r roor

Tethury ....

—

—

2

5891

Crediton ....

—

—

5

2003

Cirencester . . .

•5

20728

3

2961

Tiverton ....

I

7634

3

3817

Northleach . . .

—

—

—

—

South Molton .

—

4

2331

Stow-on-the- Wold .

—

—

I

9522

Barnstaple . .

14

715

7

1431

Winchcomb .

—

—

4

2500

Torrington . . .

*5

18187

—

Cheltenham . .

I

6708

13

789

Bideford ....

I

979C

2

6327

Tewkesbury . .

39

254

II

880

Holsworthy .

20. Cornwall.

2

6177

23. Herefordshire.

Stratton ....
Camelford . . .

Launceston .

St. Germans .
Liskeard ....
Bodmin ....

2

1

2

146

50

I

4716

8063

5 5 76
68
201
6933

6

3

11

9

2

1613

3345

896

1059

5200

Ledbury ....
Ross .....
Hereford . . .

Weobly ....
Bromyard . . .

Leominster .

'7

14395

2
6
1

•9

3

4933

1641

8484

11493

2879

St. Columb . .

2

4042

2

5389

St. Austell .

43

233

2

5235

24. Shropshire.

Truro ....

Falmouth . . .

19

34

533

297

3

6

3319

1669

Ludlow ....

—

—

2

I

5840

10022

Helston ....

2

5423

3

2958

Church Stretton . .

3

3033

5

2022

Redruth ....
Penzance'. . . .

Scilly Islands

28

4

15

36:

2278

646

2

6

5339

1790

Cleobury Mortimer .
Bridgnorth . . .

Shiffnal ....

1

47

•9

8708
2 12
no 50

8

6

3

1244

1588

3683

21. Somersetshire.

Madeley ....
Atcham ....

23

8

430

1256

3

3

2917

3140

Williton ....

* 5

T 9 3 74

•5

19374

Shrewsbury . . .

54

186

12

828

Wellington .

* 5

21777

4

2722

Oswestry ....

I

7691

3

2884

Taunton . . .

18

557

9

1078

Ellesmere. .

2

5445

2

4084

Bridgwater . .

74

135

IO

1026

Wem

3

2976

2

4464

Langport . .

6

i8n

Market Drayton .

II

930

5

1993

Chard .

•8

13306

5

2047

Wellington . . .

5

2211

9

II70

Yeovil ....

I

9295

6

1549

Newport ....

3

3679

5

2102

Wincanton .

*9

10643

4

2365

Frome ....
Sbepton Mallet .

I

23

86c6

441

9

6

1076

1765

25. Staffordshire.

6764

1845

Wells ....

13

793

4

2576

Stafford ....

I

5

Axbridge .

3

3220

5

1894

Stone

4

2687

2

6269

Clutton ....

39

257

9

1095

Newcastle-under-Lyme

124

81

12

812

Bath

13

768

15

684

Wolstanton . .

24

413

20

503

Keynsham . . .

35

282

8

1206 1

Stoke-upon-Trent .

21

466

13

761

Bedininster .

78

129

9

1099

Leek

I

7099

5

2130

( 'beadle ....

1

8930

S

1984

6. WEST MIDLAND

Uttoxeter.

—

•7

14932

DIVISION.

Burton-upon-Trent .

2

4813

5

2221

22. Gloucestershire.

Tamworth .

2

6452

4

2581

Lichfield ....

2

4019

6

1723

Bristol ....

92

109

19

522!

Penkriclge ....

5

2009

6

1786

Clifton ....

«5

1 r7

13

748

1

Wolverhampton . .

169

59

30

332

1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts .

CXXXV11

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

DISTRICTS.

Deaths to 10,000
Persons living.

Persons living to
one Death.

Deaths to 10,000
| Persons living.

1

Persons living to
one Death.

Staffordshire —
continued.

Walsall ....

54

184

16

634

West Bromwich . .

48

210

21

487

Dudley ....

48

209

31

319 !

26. Worcestershire.

Stourbridge . .

65

153

15

657

Kidderminster . .

4

2262

I 2

865

Tenbury ....

—

4

2355

Hartley ....

■8

13 r 21

2

4374

Worcester . . .

l6

631

IO

IOO5

U pton-on-Severn .

8

1299

2

5650

Evesham ....

6

1736

Pershore ....

—

6

1673

Droitwich. .

13

794

6

1747

Bromsgrove . . .

8

n8o

9

1 1 2 I

Kings Norton

3

3096

8

1204

27. Warwickshire.

Birmingham .

2

4766

3i

324

Aston

I

8496

20

500

Meriden ....

•9

11602

3

2901

Atherstone . .

—

1361

Nuneaton ....

2

6125

9

III4

Foleshill ....

14

723

3

3469

Coventry ....

65

J54

34

293

Rugby ....

•5

20588

I

ro294

Solihull ....

—

5

2067

Warwick ....

5

i860

8

1283

Stratford-on-Avon

1

IOIOI

7

1443

Alcester ....

•6

16838

7

1531

Shipston-on-Stour. .

'5

19687

2

6562

Southam ....

1

9897

12

825

7. NORTH MIDLAND
DIVISION.

28. Leicestershire.

Lutterworth .

•6

16043

3

3209

Market Harborough

—

—

3

3947

Billesdon.

I

6810

3

34°5

Blaby ....

—

—

12

806

Hinckley

—

—

8

i3or

Market Bosworth

•7

13600

—

Ashby-de-la-Zouch .

2

6059

4

2693

Loughborough .

3

3524

6

1762

Barrow-on-Soar .

I

9848

4

2814

Leicester

•4

25427

15

678

Melton Mowbray

— '

—

4

24T2

29. Rutlandshire.

Oakham ....

5

1870

4

2244

Uppingham .

3

397a

2

5967

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

DISTRICTS.

Deaths to 10,000
Persons living.

Persons living to \
one Death.

Deaths to 1 0,000
1 Persons living.

1

Persons living to
one Death.

30. Lincolnshire.
Stamford. .

•6

17063

3

3413

Bourn ....

3

2912

4

2548

Spalding ....

I

rooos

II

9EO

Holbeacb. .

2

5665

6

1545

Boston. ....

IO

991

2

4934

Sleaford ....

•9

11617

7

1367

Grantham

2

6404

3

3659

Lincoln ....

2

5 J 59

12

860

Horncastle

2

4644

5

1935

Spilsby ....

'4

26753

2

5 351

Louth ....

I

9803

2

5882

Caistor ....

II

933

8

1230

Glanford Brigg . .

9

1147

7

1491

Gainsborough

95

105

24

4IO

r. Nottinghamshire.

East Retford.

IO

1018

4

2672

Worksop ....

I

8989

4

2247

Mansfield.

2

5525

3

3453

Basford ....

7

1420

7

x49r

Radford ....

3

3210

17

576

Nottingham .

3

2950

18

565

Southwell.

—

—

I

8338

Newark ....

IO

977

8

1243

Bingham ....

9

1157

IO

IOI2

32. Derbyshire.

Shardlow.

2

5438

6

1717

Derby ....

3

1946

I I

875

Belper ....

■6

15411

5

2102

Asb borne.

2

5 339

I

7rl9

Chesterfield . . .

•8

13127

6

1712

Bakewell ....

•3

29393

2

4899

Chapel-en-le-Frith .

3

2922

•9

11687

Hayfield ....

4

2409

2

4016

8. NORTH WESTER

V

DIVISION.
33. Cheshire.

Stockport.

8

1190

19

519

Macclesfield .

6

1601

8

1218

Altrincham. . .

2

4431

6

1633

Runcorn ....

36

279

II

916

Northwich . . .

l6

631

6

1707

Congleton . . .

•3

29037

5

2074

Nantwich. . .

53

187

5

1991

Great Boughton |

540

”97

(Chester) . . . f

19

0

Wirrall ....

44

229

22

454

34. Lancashire.

Liverpool ....

187

53

44

227

West Derby .

128

78

3f

318

Prescot ....

40

249

13

741

l

cxxxviii 1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

! Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

O

O

0

0

0

O

0

O

O b'o

0 to

0 bo

DISTRICTS

r~1 >

c .

> rfi

Jf *

DISTRICTS.

.£ •

r-'

.£ •

O ^

» R

|S

0

0

’"H

0 'Z

~ a

0

0 ^

s 2

<D

gcS

— £
CD •“«

1°

£§

cQ
5 «

tfl C

S 0

£ I

I*

S 0

0

Cu

fi

O

R

(2

36. East Riding

Lancashire — contd.

(with York,)

( York

36

275

13

796

Ormskirk. .

22

460

21

479

Pocklington . • .

24

417

6

1714

Wigan . .

85

117

24

421

Howden ....

41

246

6

1783

Warrington .

19

524

13

787

Beverley ....

II

948

2

6318

Leigh

4

2596

8

1241

Sculcoates ...

l8l

55

40

252

Bolton . •

13

793

II

929

Hull

287

35

47

212

Bury . .

7

1336

II

923

Patrington

5

2170

—

—

Worsley .

7

1385

3

3232

Skirl augh

4

2254

13

751

Chorlton .

30

335

33

307

Driffield .

I

8414

2

4207

Salford .

3+

296

37

269

Bridlington . .

6

1633

3

3265

Manchester .

46

219

40

252

Ashton

7

1494

II

876

37. North Riding.

Oldham . .

Rochdale .
Haslingden .
Burnley .
Clitheroe .
Blackburn
Chorley .
Preston .

6

4

2

6

10

6

7

4

1766

2634

5899

1694

1001

1669

1387

2339

10

9

8

5

6

11

4

22

978

1122

1332

2007

1644

873

2589

460

Scarborough .

Malton ....
Easingwold ...
Thirsk ....
Helmsley ....
Pickering . . .

Whitby ....
Guisborough

4
3

•9

6

1

5
3

2662

3612

11279

1590

9689

2011

3512

4

8

3

4

5

2

3
2

2662

1204

3760

2545

2142
4845
2873
526 8

lylde .

2

5235

4

2327

Stokesley. . . .

I

8988

Garstang.

Lancaster

Ulverstone

•8

27

1

13007

37°

8916

3

11

7

3252

891

i486

Northallerton
Bedale ....
Leyburn ....

2

2

4190

4307

•8

2

1

12571

4307

9948

Askrigg ....

2

5725

3

2863

Reeth

—

—

1

6758

9. YORK DIVISION.

Richmond

2

4488

4

2693

10. NORTHERN

35- West Riding.

DIVISION.

Sedbergh.

—

—

38. Durham.

Settle . .

Skipton . .

2

4105

5

1

2014

7184

Darlington . . .

Stockton ....

2

62

5372

161

22

16

45 7
644

Pateley Bridge

3

4000

4

2666

Auckland.

4

2749

7

1466

Ripon

Knarcsborough

2

19

6300

5*4

7

14

H54

699

Teesdale ....
Weardale

70

4

142

2544

3

6

3262

l606

Otley . . .

Keighley . .

Todinorden .
Saddleworth .
Huddersfield

2

2

4

3

5

4513

5167

2638

3366

2096

2

4

8

3
7

4513

2383

1319

3366

1535

Durham ....
Easington • .

II oughton-le-Spring
Chester-le-Street
| Sunderland . . .

50

46

14

73

65

202

219

730

137

155

10

6

7

5

13

97i

1749

1461

1836

781

Halifax . .

Bradford .
Ilunslet .

2

32

III

4040

310

90

4

18

15

2371

542

666

South Shields
Gateshead . .

69

66

144

151

23

9

43 »
1107

Leeds .
Dewsbury

162

37

62

271

30

12

332

843

39. Northumberland.

l6

614

Wakefield .

53

189

16

625

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

4i

244

Pontefract .

39

258

IO

954

j Tynemouth . . .

147

68

l6

625

Kcclesfield .

25

399

5

1881

Castle Ward .

12

855

2

4846

Wortlev . .

2

4643

4

2322

Hexham ....

5

2148

5

2148

Ecclesall Bierlow

II

878

15

673

llaltwhistle . .

3

2975

3

2975

Sheffield . .

13

748

25

408

Bellingham . . .

—

—

—

Rotherham .

10

960

II

900

Morpeth ....

24

416

6

1665

Doncaster .

24

415

IO

1013

Alnwick ....

76

1 132

9

no6

Thorne .

46

219

8

1276

Belford ....

5

2145

6

1609

Goole •

59

169

21

482

Berwick ....

36

276

3

349 1

Selby .

74

1 35

12

839

Glendale ....

8

1292

6

1580

Tadcaster

9

1087

I

9783

Rothbury ....

—

“

1849. Mortality from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

CXXX1X

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

0

O

0

O

0

O

0

O

0 to

O fcp

0 tp

§ t'n

DISTRICTS.

0 .5

<—> 0

G .

DISTRICTS.

>

_G j

•If *

o~

4J G
c/> 0

a>

0

G
V! O

ctj

0)

»Q

O "w
'*"* G
O

»Q

0

+* G

OJ

ci r*
0) <— !

§8
£ 0

5 2

2(S

G 1;
§ G
£ 0

<D H-H

is

rG £
D pH

|s

0

Q

0

Ph

Q

Ph

Q

Ah

40. Cumberland.

Cardiganshire —

Alston ....

_

2

6062

continued.

Penrith ....

2

5253

2

4203

Aberayron . . .

—

—

—

—

Brampton . . .

•9

I05 3 3

3

3511

Abervstwith .

—

—

•4

22242

Longtown .

I

9721

Tregaron ....

—

—

•

—

Carlisle ....

14

709

II

952

Wrgton ....
Cuckermonth

■9

79

11683

127

OO VXt

1947

1322

Brecknockshire.

Whitehaven .

26

380

13

789

Builth ....

I

8714

I

8714

Bootle ....

—

—

Brecknock

4

2529

4

2529

Crickhowell ...

54

186

9

1105

41. Westmorland.

Hay . ...

*9

11329

*9

21329

East Ward .
West Ward .

•7

13809

I

7968

Radnorshire.

Kendal ....

■ —

—

5

2167

Presteigne

—

—

4

2623

Knighton

2

4658

I

9315

it. WELSH
DIVISION.

Rhayader . . .

44. NORTH WALES.

I

6722

42. Monmouthshire.

Chepstow

I

8388

8

1198

Montgomeryshire.

Monmouth

9

1150

2

5061

Machynlleth . .

—

—

•8

12307

Abergavenny .

86

Il6

13

770

Newtown . .

3

3252

4

2602

Pontypool . .

28

363

4

2782

Montgomery . .

18

567

2

4r97

Newport ....

75

134

9

1066

Llanfylliu . .

2

5113

I

10225

43. SOUTH WALES.

Flintshire.

Glamorganshire.

Holywell ....

21

474

6

1569

Cardiff

Merthyr Tydfil .

122

318

82

31

23

18

434

545

Denbighshire.

Bridgend ....

41

245

4

2669

Wrexham . .

I

7912

5

1978

Neath. ....

226

44

*9

535

Ruthin ....

•6

16609

I

8305

Swansea ....

68

148

8

1208

■St. Asaph

2

5887

5

1962

Llanrwst ....

—

—

*8

12322

Carmarthenshire.
Llanelly ....

22

448

5

1835

Merionethshire.

Llandovery . .

IO

1052

3

2945

Corwen ....

2

5030

'7

15089

Llandilofawr.

23

428

2

5 7°9

Bala .....

—

—

3

3477

Carmarthen .

38

264

5

1876

Dolgelly ....

—

—

—

—

Festiuiog. . . .

•6

15460

2

5153

Pembrokeshire.

Narberth ....

6

1673

3

3625

Carnarvonshire.

Pembroke . . .

6

1788

17

596

Pwllheli ....

*9

10819

I

7212

Haverfordwest .

4

2857

4

2653

Carnarvon

7

1358

2

5702

Bangor. ....

2

4317

•8

12951

Cardiganshire.

Conway ....

—

—

3

3569

Cardigan ....
Newcastle-in-Emlyn

— [

—

’5

19903

Anglesey.

Lampeter. . . .

3 J

3288

3

3288

Anglesey . .

J7

577

•8

12702

Note. — In calculating the mortality from cholera and diarrhoea, the population enumerated in 1841
was used without any correction for increase. The mortality of places in which cholera was most fatal, will
be found in a previous table, a correction in the calculations there given having been made for increase of
population. I 2

cxl

Districts in' which there were no Deaths from Cholera.

Districts in which there was no Death from Cholera in 1849 ; Population 1841 and
1851 ; Deaths from Diarrhcea in 1849; and Deaths from all Causes, in the 10 Years
1 841-50.

No.

101

113

34i

346

487

557

563

572

594

506

598

617

4T

42

60

100

102

115

124

125
13c
152
156
160
162

164

165

166
170

207

208

213

214

2 r6
224
237

240

241
243
245
254

267

268
269
2 70
271
277
292
294
317

3 39

342

343

DISTRICT.

Christchurch
A1 resford
Northleach
Ledbury
Sedbergh
Bellingham
Rothbury
Bootle .
Newcastle in
Aberayron
Tregaron .
Dolgelly

Emlyu

Cholera or Diarrhoea

Farnborough
Hambledon'.
Cranbrook .
Lymington .
ltingwood .
Hartley Wintney
Wantage
Wallingford
Easthampstead
Winslow
Thame .
Woodstock
Chipping Norton
Brackley
Towcester
Potterspury
Brixworth
Halstead
Braintree
Cosford .

Thingoe.
Mildenhall
Plomesgate
Blolield .
Guiltcross
Wayland
Walsingham
Freebridge Lynn
Caine . .

Mere

Shaftesbury .
Sturminster .
Blandford .
Wimborne .
Beaminster .
Creditou .
South Molton
Laugport
Tetbury.
Stow-on-the-Wold
Winchcomb.

COUNTY.

Population.

Deaths 1849.

Deaths
from all
Causes
in the
10 Years
1841-50.

1841

1851

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

Hants . .

# ,

7838

8481

1318

) > * *

• •

7094

7419

• •

1265

Gloucester .

•

1066 1

10984

. .

1965

Hereford .

•

12885

13141

• .

2462

West Ruling York

4836

45 74

• .

853

Northumberland .

7462

6553

. .

1x80

9 9

7297

743i

• .

1080

Cumoerland

5516

6007

930

Cardigan .

20863

20273

3617

9 J •

12875

13220

2372

9 9 *

10254

IO369

• •

184c

Merioneth .

I32II

12915

••

2338

were no Deaths from 1

. . X .

. J

120792

121367

* *

• •

21220

Surrey . .

7124

OO

CO

4-^

..

4

1046

9 9 * *

12811

13549

6

2155

Kent . .

13163

13069

8

2536

Hants .

11478

12153

. •

8

2022

9 9 •

5305

5675

• •

2

933

9 9 * •

10722

11230

• •

I

1996

Berks .

16832

1 743 1

• •

10

3324

9 9 * *

13950

I4I2I

7

2774

9 9 • •

5926

6343

• •

2

980

Bucks .

8376

9376

• •

5

1901

Oxon .

15605

15616

2

3421

9 9 • *

13390

14484

• •

5

2874

9 9 * *

16148

17423

. •

2

3202

Northampton

13425

13747

• •

5

3003

9 9

12537

12815

• •

9

2778

9 9

9794

10663

• ♦

4

2298

9 9

14490

14630

• •

II

2884

Essex . .

17720

19252

• •

14

3743

9 9 • •

16018

17576

• •

8

3596

Suffolk.

18238

18106

. •

12

3806

9 9 * •

18035

19024

4

3366

9 9 • •

9184

1035 1

• •

I

1978

9 9 • •

2 IO5 I

21476

• •

3

4039

Norfolk

I0555

H574

• •

8

2253

9 9 • •

11964

12744

• •

I

2551

9 9 * *

11162

I2I4I

• •

I

2206

9 9 * •

20960

22023

• •

2

4488

9 9 • •

12580

13449

• •

2

2365

Wilts .

9324

9173

4

1814

9 9 * *

8498

8431

• •

8

1594

Dorset . .

13106

13028

• •

3

2627

9 9 •

10207

10387

• •

I

1979

9 9 • •

13895

14798

• •

I

2660

9 9

15949

17281

• •

7

3082

9 9 • •

15 112

14275

• •

7

3029

Devon . .

22030

21727

• •

11

3719

9 9 • •

20982

20566

9

3674

Somerset .

18109

18567

• .

10

3246

Gloucester.

5891

6254

I

1094

9 9 •

9522

9929

• •

1

1782

9 9 •

IOOOO

20135

• *

4

1686

Districts in which there were no Deaths from Cholera. cxli

Distiucts in which there was no Death from Cholera in 1849, &c. — continued.

No.

DISTRICT.

COUNTY.

Population.

Deaths 1849.

Deaths
from all
Causes
in the
10 Years

1841-51.

1841

1831

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

347

Ross .....

Hereford .

14800

15489

3

3051

348

Hereford . . .

J ) • •

34458

35158

21

7604

349

Weobly ....

11 • •

8484

8719

I

1741

35°

Bromyard .

11 • •

Salop . . .

11493

11695

I

2325

352

Ludlow ....

17521

17045

3

3419

353

Clun

11 • * •

10022

10118

I

2036

374

Uttoxeter .

Stafford . .

14932

15182

I

2718

385

Tenbury . . .

Worcester .

7066

7047

. 0

3

1334

389

Evesham . . .

11 *

13889

14463

8

2795

390

Persbore. . . .

11 • *

13382

13554

8

2499

397

Atherstoue .

Warwick .

10891

H395

8

2396

402

Solihull ....

11 • •

12404

11927

6

21 94

409

Market Hai borough

Leicester . .

15789

15768

4

3 100

411

Blaby ....

11 • •

13699

14190

17

2836

41 2

Hinckley

11 •

15613

155 97

12

3496

418

Melton Mowbray .

11 • •

19297

20530

8

3474

441

Southwell . .

Notts . .

25014

25610

3

4238

488

Settle ....

West Riding York

14096

13762

7

2718

5 29

Helmsley .

North Riding York

1285 2

12456

6

2210

536

Ley burn.

1 1

9948

1005 7

I

1784

538

Reeth ....

1 1

6758

6822

I

1350

564

Alston ....

Cumberland

606 2

6816

I

1274

5 74

West Ward . . .

Westmorland .

7968

8152

I

1420

5 75

Kendal . .

11 •

34677

36564

l6

7301

593

Cardigan

Cardigan .

19903

20179

I

3847

597

Aberystwith. . .

11 *

22242

23743

I

4216

f'°3

Presteigne .

Radnor . .

15739

15 140

6

2975

605

Rhayader . .

11 • • •

6722

6796

I

12 01

606

Machynlleth . .

Montgomery .

12307

12167

I

2340

614

Llanrwst . .

Denbigh .

12322

12478

I

2402

616

Bala

Merioneth .

6953

6736

2

1211

622

Conway ....

Carnarvon . ,

10706

11627

3

2096

ix Districts in which the

•e were Deaths from)

Diarrhoea and no Deaths from Cholera

999179

1:029412

371

195 105

oxlii

Cholera in Forty-seven Seaport Town Districts.

Forty-seven Seaport Town Districts of England.

No.

NAMES.

AREA

IN

ACRES,

Population.

Deaths 1849.

Deaths
from all
Causes
in the
10 Years
1841-50.

1841

1851

Cholera.

! Diarrhoea.

51

Gravesend .

1271

15670

16635

196

38

3964

54

Medway

12519

37616

42798

227

62

I0239

69

Sheppey .

22928

10858

13360

54

17

288r

70

Thanet ....

0

26418

31466

31798

203

57

5979

72

Dover ....

28994

24523

28324

94

30

5509

96

Portsea Island .

•

5033

53058

72676

568

128

25459

97

Alversfoke .

.1

4077

135 10

16353

126

20

4396

99

Isle of Wight .

92702

42550

50315

152

36

7987

105

Southampton .

1970

27103

34092

240

53

6982

193

Wisbeach

106186

31485

36192

138

46

8406

194

West Ham . .

19207

26920

34378

234

39

5657

197

Romford

46940

22206

24592

263

43

4790

193

Orsett ....

40742

10156

10492

28

14

24b

203

Tendring . . .

83003

26253

27711

72

33

5393

228

Yarmouth .

1270

24086

26898

87

44

5942

286

Plympton St. Mary

. 'j

73224

19807

29715

25 1

6

3663

287

Plymouth .

T330

36520

52223

830

49

II0I2

288

East Stonehouse

. j

. .

9712

21972

272

9

3108

289

Stoke Damerel .

. j

1815

33820

38182

721

64

9492

308

Falmouth .

25411

21700

2 2042

73

23

4488

328

Bedminster .

54358

36280

38171

281

33

7622

329

Bristol ....

•

1840

64266

65782

59i

123

18572

330

Clifton ....

•J

26895

65781

77923

563

88

16301

336

Gloucester .

32222

26815

32062

219

29

7000

434

Gainsborough .

108668

25857

27264

246

63

5835

461

Liverpool .

1560

223003

255055

4173

981

94409

462

W est Derby

./

37553

88680

253243

2135

279

32009

512

Goole ....

37320

12529

13916

74

26

2848

519

Sculcoates .

38855

36217

44714

656

244

20139

5 20

Hull

•/

960

41150

50552

1178

294

14066

541

Stockton

I53354

39915

52932

248

62

9916

546

Easington .

36200

15750

21797

72

9

3842

549

Sunderland . . .

1 2 2 1 1

56226

70561

363

72

25432

550

South Shields . .

13862

28913

35787

201

66

8297

551

Gateshead .

25196

3g747

48085

257

35

10652

552

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

./

6890

7:844

89145

295

127

21597

553

Tynemouth .

37599

55619

64230

815

89

14298

570

Cockermouth .

152788

35681

38504

282

27

7839

571

Vv hitehaven

96024

29988

356i3

79

38

8232

580

Newport.

88185

33057

43455

246

31

8991

581

Cardiff ....

112976

3255 7

46484

396

75

8823

584

Neath ....

156872

32626

46468

738

6 r

7932

585

Swansea . .

85684

38649

46951

262

32

7954

592

Haverfordwest .

165931

37139

39382

13

14

6657

620

Carnarvon .

88195

28509

30444

21

5

5821

621

Bangor ....

76841

25 9° •

30805

6

2

5825

623

Anglesey

89141

38106

43248

66

3

7OO9

2333290

1778814

2153329

17703

3499

495752

Men on Board Vessels

•

•

not known

29748

Cholera in Forty-one Inland Town Districts.

cxliii

Forty-one Inland Town Districts of England.

No.

NAMES.

AREA

IN

ACRES.

Population.

f

Deaths 1849.

Deaths
from all
Causes
in the
10 Years

1841-50.

1841

1851

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

58

Maidstone ....

38082

32310

36097

98

56

8001

127

Reading

4699

19521

22175

17

44

4952

15 I

Aylesbury ....

72434

22135

23094

19

28

4808

157

Headington ....

25 737

I4OO4

15771

31

18

3839

Oxford

•/

2930

19796

20173

44

22

4171

168

Northampton .

20903

28121

33858

49

26

7464

179

Bedford

97340

31766

355H

37

25

7861

187

Cambridge ....

347°

2445 3

27803

5

29

5975

204

Colchester ....

1 1 200

17790

19443

4

5

4374

234

Norwich. ....

4325

61846

68196

38

99

15543

256

Devizes

62338

22129

22236

67

7

4963

264

Salisbury ....

480

9490

8931

165

3°

2491

282

Exeter

1800

31312

32810

44

39

7868

326

Bath

30221

69083

69836

90

IOI

16675

344

Cheltenham, .

24876

40246

44193

6

51

8494

348

Hereford ....

144998

34458

35158

• .

21

7604

360

Shrewsbury ....

18032

215 18

23095

116

26

5861

367

Stafford

52842

20292

22785

3

II

4766

379

Wolverhampton

30613

80721

104162

1365

243

25185

387

Worcester ....

6699

27133

27677

43

27

6490

394

Birmingham

2660

138215

173878

29

427

40826

395

Aston

31273

50977

66851

6

102

12482

4 00

Coventry ....

5489

31032

36813

202

106

9107

417

Leicester ....

3960

50853

60651

2

75

I4920

428

Lincoln

156820

36110

42061

7

4 2

8093

438

Basford

•)

88039

59627

64921

42

40

13001

439

Radford

•

6800

22473

26775

7

39

5348

440

Nottingham ....

•

1870

53091

58418

18

94

I42 2 1

445

Derby

2970

35019

43690

18

40

9439

453

Macclesfield

81561

56035

63322

35

46

15494

459

Creat Houghton (incl. Chester)

104228

49097

53294

91

41

12026

472

Salford

4830

70224

875 T4

237

261

21821

473

Manchester ....

•/

12228

192403

228437

878

765

69612

500

Huuslet ....

41640

79955

88656

884

120

20757

501

Leeds

3050

88741

10-1331

1439

267

28092

507

Ecclesali Bierlow .

23160

31625

379 n

36

47

7482

508

Sheffield ....

IO59O

85293

103602

114

09

25175

515

York

96724

47778

57m

174

60

12387

568

Carlisle

67198

36159

41566

51

38

9277

575

Kendal

15 1293

34677

36564

• •

16

7301

582

Merthyr Tydfil . .

112886

52863

76813

1682

97

18344

1663288

1930371

2243183

8193

V/o

00 1
1

O

532590

1849- — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

cxliv

Cholera in Portsea Island and Salisbury,

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849. — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

Cholera in Plymouth and Bristol.

cxlv

BRISTOL, CLIFTON, AND BEDMINSTER.

October.

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849* — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

cxlvi

Cholera in Wolverhampton and Liverpool.

September.

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m • rt • rt

r'fA'tPtO . rt M rA M ft rt

October. I

•TM>qjxeiQ

va VA VA • • rfo ft 't • M PA PA ft t^OO UAMrtftPAVA'triM • rt PA "t M

94

•b«10,10

O VA O O w "t 'i~ O ^4" CA aa co VA| CA PA CA H aa vaO ua ^ rt m »a aa m -

rtr^rt*rirtrtMMMM •

CA

o

rr\

September.

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rt

O

O r^- rt O CO mo O * rt rt f'* va * — C> ^ va *aO va **"• O i^*am va rt At o •

rt ca ■sf r^o o vao o ia^o kA>A'fw'PAPAPArtNptpiMr)riftPArtrt •

rt

M

3

bo

<

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h pa * rt rt rt rt rt • rt h va • • • m rf- • aa m cam m pa ^a rt rt •

PS

o

•BjajoqQ

• • • • m • m rt cam rt rt m pa rt va ca aaO o rt va va O co moco pa O

• •••• MMMrtrtrt

o

Day 1
of

Month.

m n pa Af va O r^oo ca O m rt pa rt vaO r^-co O O *- rt ca rf vavo r^oo O' O M "c

HHMMMMMMMMMnrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrAr^ o

1849- — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

Cholera in Manchester and Leeds.

cxlvii

LEEDS AND HUNSLET.

j November.

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VJ"\

J

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October.

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C'yn'tvoyoonO'trriHri'tH . cm • cm • • ^ d • h • • • d h m

CO

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O'

o

cm

September.

'BaoqjiciQ

cm y* d d 0 ■*3- rmOO VAOO W Cl d-co y- y cm o>o d d ^ y-CO •

O'

y

M

•BJ3I0II0

cl O O O GN ^ CMT, 0 O O' ^ n cmCO 0"0 O O y* dOO O V-/NCO -3- cm ^ M O' •
ro \f- 4- dco dOO d y--0 OD iA^'trAvAy,tO rorv-,ivMv>y't’trofT( •

cm

y

»-m

August.

1

1

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6o

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M MMMMdMMMMMddddMddC/AM

Cl

y

July.

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d*

*BJ9{0qf)

M • M • H • • M • • • • rA H M . • H M • M • H H (l ^

cm

d

Day

of

Month.

h n vmo dco O' O m d cm y- iaO dco O' O m n cm y- itnO dco o O m —

MMMMWMMHMMddddddddddCmrm O

§

MANCHESTER, CHORLTON, AND SALFORD.

1 ’

October.

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d

September.

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d

y

cm

■Braioqo

m m O O co y m y m m O O d vaco cm d m m c is n d o co y m^y o •

d m d d cm y* d rmcmcmcmyrmycmd d -y cm d d cmd m d rm m m d d •

O

O'

August.

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cm i ' cm m d co OO O' O d ci O ccoo d o m no m d d mco OO y- d ■'3' cm

M MMM M MMMMM MMMdMMMMM M MMMM

d

o

cm

•BJ0[oq3 j H ^ r* ^ w m n cm d m vr> O m y t^co 0 O vm m co O O' rs xf d»o

y

o

d

July.

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cm ^ h d • m m cm cm d y ia>a O' O yoo mco cm ^m d- m o o O' Is h m

• MMMMMMMMM MM

OO

d

d

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d cm • • • m • • m h • m • • • m m •Mcm«d'^-dcmd-^"d.cm*d

44

Day j
of

Month.

m d cm y >aO d co O' O w d cm y* iaO doo O' O w d rm y iaO dco O' O m ^

MMHMMMMMMMddddddddddcmcm o

§

1849. — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

cxlviii

Cholera in Hull and Tynemouth,

TYNEMOUTH, SOUTH SHIELDS, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE,
AND SUNDERLAND.

October.

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• rt rt CO ’t (NAvO d(NAMCA(VAdMdd • ■ N H H N • • • d d • (N (S H

O'

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September.

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d CA 'cf- ina UA d d CO UA c<A • ua 'J* UA ''"t VAVO H N va (A vf • nJ- aa d ^ CA • ca •

66

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d

August.

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d m • m • m m • rt oa

UA

v£>

•aiaioqo

(S d PA H pva^nJ-M cl ININOVVA^ tN tN JS O (NAM (na ^ O' O MAM M O vrsO CA
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UA

d

July.

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O'

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d M • d . • M M • • d M • M • M d M M • M Cl • MMMdfNA»'3*UA

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Day

of

Month.

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MMMMMMMMI— IMdddddddddd (NA (NA °

2

HULL AND SCULCOATES.

1

October.

!

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I September.

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August.

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49

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l •

13

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2

1 849. — Deaths from Cholera anrl Diarrhoea on each Day of the most Fatal Months.

Cholera in Merthyr Tydfil.

cxlix

MERTHYR TYDFIL, CARDIFF, AND NEATH.

October.

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• HH • • M • • • H • M • • M • M M M H • M (N • • • n H • ••

r^.

M

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September.

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m f^r^rAiAONMco rtco n n chO ^co O 't yco mri h •

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rn

August.

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June. |

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I

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V

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May.

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00

M

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09

Day

of

Month.

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1=3

cl

Diarrhoea, Dysentery, and Cholera in London ,

Deaths from Diarrhcea, Dysentery, and Cholera, registered in London.
(From the Weekly Tables.)

Number

of

Week.

18J0

1841

1842

1843

1844

1845

1846

1847

1848

1849

Total

(1840-49)

1850

I

4

II

5

25

IO

6

12

14

22

78

177

25

2

6

7

23

3

6

8

21

l6

27

126

233

24

3

8

3

7

5

12

24

25

24

31

90

209

l6

4

9

8

12

4

8

27

IO

25

27

67

277

27

5

7

5

IO

6

6

7

7

23

21

72

153

26

6

8

4

6

II

7

' 8

15

29

29

92

199

24

7

5

3

4

8

IO

9

17

l6

21

76

169

18

8

6

12

7

8

8

8

6

21

25

b5

166

24

9

3

7

IO

II

23

IO

27

12

20

58

161

22

10

7

4

7

8

6

II

8

21

25

36

123

IO

II

5

12

9

6

6

3

4

II

23

32

hi

21

12

2

2

7

9

7

12

5

18

17

26

105

23

13

4

6

3

12

23

24

9

15

19

25

120

18

14

3

6

5

8

5

7

7

19

II

27

88

27

15

I

II

6

8

5

7

4

12

23

29

9b

14

l6

5

6

4

6

9

8

23

20

13

24

108

22

17

4

9

4

5

3

7

12

24

14

29

IOI

15

18

6

4

5

4

9

7

7

19

25

26

112

IO

19

3

5

3

3

23

8

12

l6

13

l6

92

9

20

3

4

3

6

6

9

6

13

15

29

84

24

21

4

8

9

6

8

9

l6

l6

l6

29

1 2 1

23

22

9

4

2

6

8

I I

12

19

21

28

120

19

23

II

8

5

5

7

5

8

15

27

47

138

24

24

5

7

13

7

10

6

12

23

31

80

194

19

25

IO

3

IO

4

12

6

31

26

37

68

207

22

26

IO

3

IO

7

15

13

40

23

51

25 7

329

36

27

II

IO

13

7

13

15

7b

17

69,

206

437

45

28

14

IO

15

14

21

3°

98

38

79

439

758

47

29

l6

25

20

21

45

30

J49

47

124

824

I29I

6l

30

19

12

32

21

57

50

187

b7

213

1021

1679

125

3r

20

IO

57

19

71

4t

218

2 25

175

1124

i860

154

32

39

17

6l

35

71

5°

238

128

147

IOII

2797

170

33

30

19

IOI

45

5°

48

180

188

114

143b

2211

152

34

26

20

87

5°

3 b

42

169

172

84

1535

2221

127

35

29

26

88

75

32

38

148

15 7

IO4

1906

2602

132

36

51

42

60

69

27

38

126

235

86

2315

2949

93

37

38

34

50

80

24

46

87

139

6l

1985

2544

89

3a

28

32

40

98

34

38

83

I.I7

72

1100

1642

63

39

3°

29

25

95

25

52

62

107

GO

6ro

1095

b4

40

l6

19

29

89

27

3b

54

73

72

434

839

54

4i

10

17

18

64

22

25

62

57

69

215

559

58

42

7

20

27

59

l6

33

40

39

82

io4

417

41

43

12

13

23

42

IO

27

37

37

80

76

347

33

44

4

II

7

27

14

18

30

33

107

51

302

25

45

6

6

12

14

15

17

20

37

95

35

257

21

46

5

7

4

24

l6

l6

21

28

87

30

238

22

47

3

3

7 *

l6

IO

II

22

26

67

19

184

21

48

6

6

IO

13

8

25

17

39

47

21

182

14

49

6

12

7

6

5

IO

18

33

46

19

162

25

5°

3

7

5

8

12

9

24

23

54

20

170

15

51

2

5

8

IO

13

8

26

35

49

20

17b

29 ■

52

3

7

8

8

IO

IO

18

15

62

II

152

32

00

572

973

1190

895

983

253b

*2377

2899

i

17958 j

30964

2193

* The returns for 18+7 extend over 53 weeks; in this Table the 53rd week (in which 23 deaths were
returned) is excluded.

[ di ]

Table showing the Elevation of the Dwellings above High-water Mark, the
Area, the Number and Value of the Houses, the Population 1841 and 1849,
and the Number of Deaths Registered from Cholera in each District of
London.

Table showing the Elevation of the Dwellings above High-water Mark, the Area, the Number and Value of the Houses, the Population
1841 and 1849, and the Number of Deaths Registered from Cholera in each District of London.

clii

Elevation, Area, Mortality , lye.

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Companies.

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Density of Population

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Average Results in the Districts in which the Annual Value of House and Shop-room is Greatest and Least, in Three Groups of Districts.

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Companies.

Average of the Results in the Districts which suffered the Highest and the Lowest Mortality from All Causes in Three Groups of Districts.

clxii

Annual Mortality from all Causes

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clxiii

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Note.— S=Southwark ; K=Kent ; L=Lambeth; NR=New River; EL=East London C=Clielsea; WM=West Middlesex; GJ=G rand Junction ; H=Hampstead, Water Companies.

clxiv

Diagram of the London Districts.

Marylcbone. 10 \ 21 Pancras. 39

Diagram of the London Sub -districts.

clxv

clxvi Mortality from Cholera in London at different Elevations .

Mortality from Cholera, 1849, in the Sub-Districts of London, arranged in the order of the
Elevation of the Soil above the Trinity High-Water Mark of the Thames.

[The results in this Table were obtained by dividing the Deaths from Cholera in 1849 by the population returned at the
Census (March 31st, 1851). No correction was made for increase of population lrom July 2nd, 1849, to March 31st,
1851; the mortality is consequently somewhat understated in the outlying Sub-districts. This does not materially
affect the general results.]

SUB-DISTRICTS.

DISTRICTS.

Elevation
in Feet
above
Trinity
High-
Water
Mark of the
Thames.

Deaths from Cholera
to 10000 Persons
living.

Un-

corrected.

Corrected.*

St. George

Camberwell . .

— 3

Ill

117

St. Peter Walworth.

. W.

Newington

— 2

149

141

Trinity Newington .

Newington . .

— 1

152

160

Kent Hoad

•

St. George Southwark

— i

147

158

St. James .....

Bermondsey . .

— I

.132

142

St. Mary

Newington . . .

— I

102

108

Rotherhithe ....

. w.

Rotherhithe .

O

198

198

St. Mary Magdalen. . .

Bermondsey . . .

o

186

159

Leather Market ....

Bermondsey .

o

148

160

London Road ....

L.P.

St. George Southwark

o

144

155

Lambeth Church, 2nd Part

W.

Lambeth ....

I

203

163

Borough Road ....

W.P.

St. George Southwark

2

197

172

St. John Horsleydown .

. W.

St. Olave Southwark .

2

169

169

Christchurch ....

. W.

St. Saviour Southwark

2

160

144

Waterloo Road, 2nd Part .

. H.

Lambeth ....

2

132

147

Lambeth Church, 1st Part.

.

Lambeth ....

2

117

130

St. John

H.

H.H.P.

Westminster .

2

62

62

St. John

. W.

St. George-in-the-East

2

59

47

Waterloo Road, 1st Part .

Lambeth ....

3

137

153

Battersea

L.W.

Wandsworth .

3

i°5

92

Poplar ......

. W.

Poplar ....

3

71

66

St. Saviour

4

144

156

Kennington, 1st Part

.

Lambeth ....

4

77

85

St. Margaret ....

• H.W.P.

Westminster ...

4

72

72

St. Nicholas Deptford . .

•

Greenwich

4

5°

5°

Peckham

Camberwell . . .

4

47

47

Hammersmith St. Peter .

• •

Kensington . . .

4

18

18

Camberwell

W.L.L.

Camberwell .

5

133

127

St. Olave

. H.

St. Olave Southwark

6

196

196

Fulham L.L.L.L.W.

Kensington .

6

51

Greenwich East .

. W.

Greenwich . . .

7

83

83

Shadwell

Stepney ....

7

79

79

Kennington, 2nd Part . .

, .

Lambeth ....

8

8r

9°

Hammersmith St. Paul .

. w.

Kensington .

8

25

25

St. Paul Deptford .

Greenwich . . .

10

60

60

Chelsea South ....

Chelsea ....

10

54

59

Limehouse

Stepney ....

10

49

54

Greenwich West . .

. H.

Greenwich . .

12

•163

163

Wandsworth ....

Wandsworth . . .

12

IOI

107

Bow

Poplar ....

12

60

68

Chelsea North West

w.w.

Chelsea ....

12

55

46

Belgrave

. H.

St. George Hanover Sciuare

12

26

28

Brompton .....

Kensington .

12

18

18

Putney

Wandsworth . . .

12

15

15

Chelsea NorthEast. . .

Chelsea ....

13

27

Lewisham Village .

w.w.

Lewisham ...

16

62

53

Note. — The letters W, II. I*. L. are affixed to Sub-districts in which Workhouses, Hospitals, Prisons, and Lunatic
Asylums are now situated.

* Where many deaths from Cholera occurred in Workhouses, a proportion has been distributed in the* calculation of
the corrected column over the other JSub-districts of the Union in which the workhouse is situated.

30

Mortality from Cholera in London at different Elevations. clxvii

'Mortality from Cholera, 1849, in the Sub-Districts of London— continued.

SUB-DISTRICTS.

DISTRICTS.

Elevation
in Feet
above
Trinity
High-
Water
Mark of the
Thames.

Deaths from Cholera?
to 10000 Persons
living.

Un-

corrected.

Corrected.

Charing Cross . . .

. H.W.

St. Martin-in-the-Fields

17

48

40

Ratcliffe ....

Stepney ....

18

63

63

Aid gate ....

Whitechapel. .

19

97

97

London City South West

...

London City . . .

21 <!-

107

107

Clapham ....

Wandsworth .

21 (

70

75

London City South.

London City .

21 .

25

25

London City South East

•

London City .

21 •

25

25

West London South

. . P.

West London

24

J ns •

n8

St. Mary ....

.

St. George-in-the-East

26

3°

33

St. Paul

.

St. George-in-the-East

27

42

45

Kensington Town .

. L.W.

Kensington .

28

33

33

Mile-End Old Town Lower

. H.W.

Stepney . . . •

28

32

22

Goodmans Fields .

Whitechapel .

28

32

37

Whitechapel Church

. . II.

Whitechapel . .

32

83

83

Mile-End Old Town Upp

er

. . W.

Stepney ....

32

27

27

Holywell ....

Shoreditch

36

129

144

Town

Bethnal Green

36

no

124

Green

. W.L.

Bethnal Green . .

36

99

67

Whitechapel North. .

. . W.

Whitechapel . .

36

91

5°

West London North . H.W.W.F.P.

West London.

36

70

7°

Spitalfields ....

Whitechapel .

36

59

72

St. Clements Danes

. . H.

Strand ....

36

58

58

Mile-End New Town .

. . W.

Whitechapel . . .

36

58

70

Church

Bethnal Green

36

42

51

St. Botolph ....

East London . . .

36

42

42

Artillery ....

Whitechapel . .

36

21

28

Saffron Hill ...

Holborn ....

40

22

42

St. James’s Square .

* *

St. James Westminster

40

13

25

St. Leonard . .

L.

Shoreditch . . .

41

104

Il6

Finsbury ....

•

St. Luke ....

43

37

37

Hackney Road. .

Bethnal Green . .

44

97

no

Cripplegate ....

East London . .

44

47

47 -

Lewisham

44

41

41

Hackney ....

. H.W.

Hackney ....

44

36

30

London City North East

.

London City . . .

44

30

30

St. James ....

. W.P.

Clerkenwell ...

44

25

25

South Hackney.

Hackney ....

44

24

24

London City North West

• •

London City . . .

44

19

19

St Mary-le-Strand .

Strand ....

48

l6

16

St. Andrew Holborn .

. . w.

Holborn ....

5°

79

41

Haggerstone West .

. . w.

Shoreditch

52

86

52

Hoxton New Town

. . w.

Shoreditch

S2

53

42

Whitecross Street .

• •

St. Luke ....

52

48

48

Grays Inn Lane .

. . H,

Pancras ....

52

39

39

City Road ....

. H.L.

St. Luke ....

52

33

33

Camden Town .

Pancras ....

52

26

21

Haggerstone East . .

Shoreditch . .

S2

26

28

Hoxton Old Town .

Shoreditch

52

21

23

West Hacknev .

Hackney ....

55

12

12

Lambeth ....

56

55

55

May Fair ....

56

25

7

Long Acre ....

, , ,

St. Martin-in-the-Fields.

60

26

34

Somers Town

• • .

St. Pancras . . .

#

60

15

16

Old Street ....

• •

St. Luke ....

60

12

12

St. Giles South . . .

. H.W.

St. Giles ... I

•

64

97

72

clxviii Mortality from Cholera in London at different Elevations.

Mortality from Cholera, 1849, in the Sub-Districts of London — continued.

SUB-DISTRICTS.

DISTRICTS.

Elevation
in Feet
above the
Trinity
High-
Water
Mark of the
Thames.

Deaths from Cholera
to 10000 Persons
living.

Un-

corrected.

Corrected,

St. Anne Soho .

Strand

64

27

27

Hanover Square

St. George Hanover Square

64

4

6

Berwick Street . .

St. James Westminster .

65

18

20

St. George-the-Martyr .

Holborn . . . .

66

II

25

St. Giles North .

St. Giles .....

68

41

70

Rectory

. W.

Marylebone ....

68

33

l6

Golden Square . . .

. W.

St. James Westminster .

68

16

13

Amwell . . . . .

. P.

Clerkenwell ....

68

II

II

Dulwich ....

Camberwell . .

68

6

6

St. George Bloomsbury.

St. Giles

7r

II

II

Streatham ....

Wandsworth ....

72

171*

70

Stoke Newington .

. L.

Hackney

72

17

17

Tottenham Court . .

H.W.

Pancras

73

21

21

Cavendish Square .

•

Marylebone ....

73

II

14

All Souls ....

•

. H.

Marylebone ....

76

25

31

Stamford Hill . . .

•

Hackney

76

23

23

Paddington St. John .

Kensington ....

76

8

8

Goswell Street . .

•

Clerkenwell ....

78

14

14

St. Mary ....

. H.

Marylebone ....

79

8

10

Paddington St. Mary .

H.W.

Kensington ....

82

7

7

Pentonville. . . .

, .

Clerkenwell ....

84

25

25

Regents Park

•

Pancras

87

20

20

Islington East . . .

• •

Islington .....

88

26

26

Christchurch . . .

# ,

Marylebone ....

92

10

13

Islington West .

.H

I.W.P.

Islington

ICO

13

13

Kentish Town .

. .

Pancras

1 10

II

12

St. John

• •

Marylebone ....

124

IO

13

Norwood ....

. w.

Lambeth .....

128 ?

5

5

Sydenham ....

. .

Lewisham ....

188 ?

II

II

Hampstead ....

• •

Hampstead ....

35°

7

7

Woolwich Arsenal .

•

H.P.P.

Greenwich ....

?

38

# ,

Woolwich Dockyard .

•

, ,

Greenwich ....

?

20

• •

Eltham

?

l6

• •

Plumstead ....

• •

Lewisham ....

?

II

• *

Drouet’s house for pauper children was in this Sub-district.

Average Mortality from Cholera in Groups of Sub-Districts in London. — Arranged in the order of the Elevation of the Soil.

Mortality from Cholera in London at different Elevations. clxix

|-g g
iS Ji £ S

o ^

3 8*
o-g

£ +

iO

+3 73 £3

S g o

2 d 1 ^
Q G jd H
2^o

.2^3

J <U n
: be O

bD-jr

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W 5
an

a? rr ,o h M

laip.s-3 I j
o §■§ s a 8 S

rt 3

QJ g
O

AO

O

B.r

r-4 O

© Ph

r^i

O O r->.o O >a

AA (N CO

\ (S CA AT\ M

aa O O M o AA H

O AA M t '

> * M Qj

co j a

' !||l

£ ToS o

3 ?

E> < V

V

M

£3

C0

W

§

◄

o* ©»•

■^-00 CO O

r* m co aa

to <%

J^i!*.75.
“ 2is

■> « o"M5

1 1 l| SS^s

■a S S°«! g g

**'13 aa **• •** •-

"be **'"s B S

^<§ wfSlj'S

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<u ,o 3 tl'd i

ts a 8 5 £ S 0

m Sjf 7.5 1

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: ^ S « 8 £

0) o ,r

s^-Sl
<3^1*88
3g-S

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-5 0)^ O u ~ * £ '

.z sbjis e sj0;:

£ a £ O £

^ -<i m fl o O 3 L
S3 -"H-S® § nZ
S S g 1 s -§® „

5 cj^ go
^a»r-°!ss!"S

*3 Q S , r-f— ' 2 M

H -i h h

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r— 4 0) i-ri . « bl j_j O

h>2»4. «°2 g S

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- • - . $ w hc:-H ij-i

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-sze cc §J2

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C-i at •'•.ti hh r° . „ <d

“J g sffi g|| 8 i|

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sgsSpafc^.d go«
!> w co h1

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t-1 ^ C/3 55 CQ tJH

clxx

Deaths registered in London in the

The following is the London Weekly Table of Mortality for the week of 1849 in which

the returns were heaviest.

Deaths registered in London during the Week ending Saturday, 8th September, 1849.

Age.

Weekly Averages
derived from

Deaths of
1844-5-6-7-8,

CAUSES OF DEATH.

0 to 15

15 to GO

60 and
upwards

Total.

and corrected for
increase of
Population.

5 Summers.

All Causes .......

1132

1498

552

*3183

1008

Specified Causes ......

1131

X497

552

*3181

1005

I. — Zymotic Diseases .....

827

1251

390

*2469

302

Sporadic Diseases —

II. — Dropsy, Cancer, and other Diseases of uncer-1

22

13

40

tain or variable Seat . . . . J

5

44

III. — Tubercular Diseases ....

62

97

3

162

I90

IV. — Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves)
anti Senses . . . . . . J

58

32

30

120

1 19

V. — Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels

I

X4

15

3°

29

V I. — Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs)
of Respiration . . . . . J

58

14

13

85

81

t 11. — Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other)

3i

24

18

73

76

Organs of Digestion . . . .j

VIII. — Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. .

I

7

7

15

11

IX. — Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.

• •

12

2

14

7

X. — Rheumatism, Diseasesof the Bones, Joints, &c.

2

5

• •

7

7

XI. — Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, & c. .

I

I

. .

2

2

XII. — Malformations .....

7

. .

• •

7

3

XIII. — Premature Birth and Debility . . .

34

• •

• •

34

22

XIV. — Atrophy ......

32

3

2

37

25

XV. — Age

• •

• •

5°

50

43

XV I. — Sudden ......

2

$

3

10

8

XVII. — Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance

10

10

6

26

36

I. — Small Pox ......

8

• •

• a

8

23

Measles ....

14

• •

• •

14

28

Scarlatina ......

27

. .

• •

27

54

Hooping Cough .....

23

23

24

Croup .......

6

• •

6

6

' Thrush .......

5

• •

5

8

Diarrhoea ......

183

36

53

272

76

Dysentery ......

9

8

• •

17

8

Cholera ......

530

1168

327

*2026

8

I

I

Ague .......

I

• •

• •

I

•4

Remittent Fever .....

I

• •

I

I

Infantile Fever .....

2

• •

• •

2

I

Typhus ......

14

3i

7

52

47

Metria or Puerperal Fever

• •

I

I

4

Rheumatic Fever .

X

2

• •

3

I

Erysipelas ......

2

4

3

9

8

Syphilis ......

2

2

2

Hydrophobia ......

•4

II. — Haemorrhage ......

• •

3

I

4

4

Dropsy' ....

4

5

5

14

19

Abscess

. .

2

Ulcer ...

, #

, ,

I

I

I

Fistula .......

• •

I

1

* *

I '

•3

• The age of a female w note death is ascribed to cholera was not stated.

Week of 1849 when the Returns were Heaviest. clxxi

Deaths registered in London during the Week ending Saturday, 8th September, 1849.

CAUSES OF DEATH.

Age.

Total.

Weekly Averages
derived from
Deaths of
1844-3-6-7-8,
and corrected for
increase of
Population.

5 Summers.

0 to 15

L5 to 60

60 and
upwards

11. — Mortification .

, #

2

I

3

3

Cancer

I

IT

5

17

14

I

III. — Scrofula

2

I

• •

3

5

Tabes Mesenterica .

13

• •

• •

13

20

Phthisis (or Consumption',

10

95

3

108

132

Hydrocephalus . .

37

I

• •

33

33

IV. — Cephalitis . .

6

2

• •

8

12

Apoplexy

2

8

10

20

22

Paralysis

• •

6

15

2r

l6

Delirium Tremens .

• •

4

I

5

3

Chorea

. .

• •

*2

Epilepsy . .

I

4

• •

5

6

Tetanus

• •

• •

I

1

’4

Insanity

• •

I

I

2

2

Convulsions . . .

46

. .

• •

46

46

Disease of Brain, &c.

3

7

2

12

II

V. — Pericarditis .

I

• •

1

2

I

Disease of Heart .

I

13

15

29

26

VI.— Laryngitis

2

• •

2

2

Bronchitis . .

14

6

7

27

21

Pleurisy

I

1

2

Pneumonia .

40

3

2

45

39

Asthma

. .

3

2

5

7

Disease of Lungs, &c.

2

I

2

5

IO

VII. — Teething

*9

• •

• •

19

J4

Quinsey

. .

• •

I

Gastritis

. •

. .

I

1

2

Enteritis

4

2

4

10

17

Peritonitis

I

I

2

4

Ascites.

. .

I

1

2

Ulceration (of Intestines, &c.)

. .

I

1

3

Hernia ....

. .

I

I

2

2

Ileus ....

I

• .

1

3

Intussusception

I

. .

• .

1

I

Stricture (of the Intestinal Canal)

. .

I

• .

1

I

Disease of Stomach, &c. .

3

2

4

9

8

Disease of Pancreas

. .

• •

Heoatitis

I

6

3

10

4

Jaundice

I

2

3

3

Disease of Liver

I

7

4

12

II

Disease of Spleen

••

• •

•2

VIII. — Nephritis

I

I

2

•4

Nephria (or Bright’s Disease)

3

I

4

3

Ischuria

I

• •

1

• I

Diabetes

I

. .

I

2

I

Stone ....

• .

I

1

1

Cystitis

• .

2

2

I

Stricture of the Urethra

• •

• •

• .

I

Disease of Kidneys, &c. .

2

I

3

3

IX. — Paramenia

• .

• •

• .

•2

Ovarian Dropsy

I

I

2

I

Childbirth, see Metria

6

• •

6

3

Disease of Uterus, &c.

5

I

6

3

X. — Arthritis

• ,

• .

* I

Rheumatism .

2

• .

2

3

Disease of Joints, &c.

2

3

• *

5

4

clxxii Births and Deaths in London.

Births and Deaths registered in London during the Week ending Saturday, 8th September, 1849.

Age.

Weekly Averages
derived from
Deaths of
1844-5-6-7-8,
ami corrected for
increase of
Population.

5 Summers.

CAl'SES OF DEATH.

0 to 15

15 to 60

60 and
upwards

Total.

XI. — Carbuncle .

*2

Phlegmon .

•5

Disease of Skin, &c.

I

I

2

I

XVII. — Intemperance . .

I

I

I

Privation

• •

• •

•A

Want of Breast-Milk

2

. .

2

4

Neglect

. .

•1

Cold ....

• •

• •

Poison ....

I

I

'

Burns and Scalds .
Hanging, &c. . .

Drowning

2

2

I

I

4

2

2

1

5

8

► 30

Fractures and Contusions
Wounds . .

Other violence

3

1

2

. .

• *

2

7

1

j

Causes not specified .

1

1

• •

2

3

Weekly Average derived from Deaths of 1844-5-6-7-8, and corrected for increase of Population: —

Deaths registered in the Week

Males .
Females

Males .
Females

Total

Total

Births registered in the Week

Males .
Females

Total

513

495

1008

1460

1723

3183

636

665

1301

Meteorology of the Eleven Years 1841-51, from the Greenwich Observations, revised by
James Glaisher, Esq., F.R.S., of the Royal Observatory.

Years.

Height

M

Mean

Dryness

Full

Mean

Weekly

of

Tempera-

of At-

of

Barometer.

ture.

mosphere.

Rain.

Movement

of the Air.

Inches.

0

0

Inches.

Miles. |

1841

29*687

48-7

5*0

33*3

•• 1

1842

29*832

49*6

4*6

22*6

1843

29*765

49*4

3*7

24*5

. .

1844

29*776

48*6

4*9

25*0

800

1845

29-742

47*6

4*4

22*3

900

1846

29*733

5i-3

5 ' 1

25*3

860

1847

29*811

49 "5

5*4

17 6

870

1848

29*720

50*2

5*6

30*1

1018

1849

29*800

49*9

6*7

23*7

735

1850

29*814

49-3

6*4

19*6

761

1851

29*821

49*2

6*6

20’5

684

clxxiii

Burials in each Week during the Plagues of London.

Weekly Number of Burials from all Causes in London.

WEEKS.

Average
of 7 Years.

PLAGUE YEARS.

Cholera

Year.

1640-46

x593

1603

1625

1636

1665

1849-

I

220

251

183

I70

291

2131

2

221

—

138

2 1 1

274

349

1448

3

210

—

138

220

189

394

1345

4

206

—

I 2 1

196

174

415

1208

5

207

—

IOI

240

I90

474

2137

6

216

—

105

226

272

409

1196

7

200

—

n3

274

183

393

1225

8

220

—

109

204

160

462

II91

9

201

—

117

2 1 1

203

393

1138

10

210

T-

98

25 2

238

396

1047

II

210

—

137

207

198

441

1083

12

219

230

108

210

194

433

1048

T3

210

251

60

262

287

3&3

124 1

14

201

219

78

226

277

353

994

*5

205

307

66

243

196

344

1066

16

213

203

79

239

299

382

1089

17

T97

290

98

256

205

344

1058

18

213

310

IO9

23O

205

398

986

x9

213

250

90

305

210

388

905

20

210

339

1 1 2

292

206

347

1033

21

214

300

I 22

332

254

353

897

22

222

450

122

379

244

385

895

23

206

410

1 14

401

263

400

972

24

207

441

131

395

276

405

912

25

212

399

144

434

275

558

985

26

214

401

182

510

325

615

1217

27

21 1

850

267

640

257

684

1070

28

214

1440

445

942

273

1006

1369

29

210

1510

6l2

1222

265

r268

1741

30

235

1491

1186

1 741

298

1761

2931

31

259

I5°7

1728

2850

35°

2785

1967

32

278

2503

2256

3583

365

3014

2909

33

282

1550

2077

4517

394

4030

2230

34

333

2532

3054

4855

465

5319

2456

35

353

1508

2853

5205

546

5568

2796

36

379

1490

3385

4841

690

7496

3183

37

395

1210

3078

3897

835

8252

2863

38

372

621

3129

3157

921

7690

1981

39

373

629

2456

2148

1106

8297

i6n

40

385

450

1961

2994

1018

6460

I290

4i

364

408

1831

1236

1211

5720

I075

42

365

422

1312

838

2195

5068

1028

43

338

330

766

815

1147

3219

902

44

320

320

625

651

855

1806

837

45

301

310

737

375

779

1388

893

46

284

309 1

685

357

1156

2787

878

47

247

301

384

319

966

2359

892

48

247

321

198

274

827

9°5

932

49

239

349

223

231

747

554

i°53

5°

229

331

163

I90

550

428

1002

5i

223

329 .

200

181

385

442

2043

52

221

386

168

168

324

525

1053

Total* .

23134

26207

38727

54265

23391

97306

68432

Note. — The numbers for the years 1640-46, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, 1665 are taken from the “Mortality of the Metropolis,”
by J. Marshall, Esq., (pp. 65 and 66). The deaths in 1849 are from the Weekly Return of the Registrar-General. No
deaths were returned in the first 11 weeks of the years 1593 and 1603 ; those in the corresponding weeks of 1606 are
applied to the latter year.

* These Totals are the sums of the several columns, and do not in some cases correspond witli those given by
Mr. Marshall in page 65.

clxxiv London : — Deaths Registered from Cholera Weekly.

London. — Deaths from Cholera registered in each Week.

Weeks

Number

Weeks

Number

of

Males.

Females.

of

Males.

Females.

ending

Week.

ending

Week.

1848.

1849.

Oct. 7

40

5

8

May 19

20

• .

I

5, 14

41

25

5

j , 26

21

I

4

, , 21

42

29

l6

June 2

22

6

3

, , 28

43

21

13

>> 9

23

15

7

Nov. 4

44

34

31

,, 16

24

29

13

ji 11

45

3°

32

,, 23

25

22

27

,, 18

46

26

28

>, 30

26

76

48

>> 25

47

14

20

July 7

27

94

58

Dec. 2

48

8

12

>> 14

28

189

150

9

49

II

IO

, . 21

29

355

323

,, 16

5°

21

8

,, 28

3°

382

401

»r 23

51

17

14

Aug. 4

31

452

474

, , 30

52

17

13

>, 11

32

413

410

1849-

Jan. 6

>> 13

, , 20

> . 27

Feb. 3

,, 18

33

597

633

1

2

3

4

5

24

48

34

15

18

37

46

28

3°

19

>. 25

Sept. 1

,, 8

,, 15

, , 22

. > 29

34

35

36

37

38

39

590

770

895

757

371

202

682

893

1131

925

468

232

> > lu
>» 17

, , 24

March 3
,, 10

6

7

8

9

10

34

32

10

15

10

21

17

30

20

5

Oct. 6

>, 1 3

,, 20

,, 27

Nov. 3

40

41

42

43

44

136

46

17

15

5

152

64

24

10

6

>» 17

II

5

4

, , 10

45

I

5

3

1

» > 24

”. I1

April 7

12

13

14

3

2

3

7

2

2

», 17

,, 24

Dec. 1

46

47

48

5

2

,, 14

, , 21

16

2

1

,, 8

49

..

> > 28

17

18

19

1

>, 15

5°

1

• *

May 5
, , 12 |

3

1

3 1

, , 22

” 29

51

52

1

• •

I

Note. These are the deaths registered, and not, as in the other Tables, the deaths that occurred in each week.

London. — Deaths of Males and Females registered from Cholera in each Quarter, at four periods of

Life.

Quarter ending

Quarter ending

Quarter ending

Quarter ending

Quarter ending

AGE.

December, 1848.

March

1849.

June,

1849.

September, 1849.

December, 18-19.

Males.

Females

Males.

Females

Males.

Females

Males.

Females

Males.

Females

O to 15 .

88

75

140

128

35

24

1867

1605

79

71

15 .. 25 •

34

15

23

20

23

16

625

583

22

25

25 ,, 60 .

ii7

106

66

85

89

56

2817

3365

92

126

60 & upwards

19

14

21

33

IO

IS

751

1225

35

44

Not stated.

• •

••

••

• •

••

7

2

• •

Total .

238

210

250

266

157

III

6067

6780

228

266

AGE.

o to 15

15 .. 25 . .

25 ,, 60 . .

60 and upwards
Not stated

Total in 65 weeks

Aggregate.

Total.

Males.

Females.

M. and F.

2209

1903

4112

727

659

1386

3181

3738

6919

836

1331

2167

7

2

9

6960

7833

14593

WAIF 0 1 IM GXAHID

SHADED

to show the prevalence of

CHOLERA

in the Several Districts

DURING the epidemic of

184*9.

£Vjh> Jheildativc ||| m of Mortality its expressed’ by (he darkness
1 of (he Shading- Thus in. nut./' where the Mortatdy was 1SJ
m 10000 udiahitaids the Shade u dartcest, m- Guildford,,
Sicn'O)'. w/icre (tie Mor/olay was 0 in 10P00 the Shading its
imperceptible ■ ihe iaies indicate' the time at ' which the

Epidemic broke out. Ih, slight eruptions in- !8 id? and in
the earher part of kftS uie not noticed ut. the Map. as the
dates refer eccdusmlg to the, principal Epidemic which prevail'
,ed in, the Summer & -Autumn- cf J6‘t9.

Guiltllvrd is inserted where the

ftet/tsfmr Gen aw h Jle/Jorbm CAoZenf b\ Wtafam/^/6 •///

CHOLERA 53293. DEATHS

AL3L ENGLAND.

DIARRHOEA 18887. DEATHS

i‘UUe 2

1)] AL>8tA(| KEPRESflNTIN© TIE 0£A F[H13 iFSSflM A.HJ DlK It A aim© S5B AitllHCEA o jn] EA<|s|pAY ©if TIE YEAK 1849.

WITH THE METEOROLOCICAL PHENOMENA REGISTERED AT GREENWICH ON THE CORRESPONDING DAYS.

7//. </ lln /Utu Lint trem llu hue / . , . 777 7

n / , i !•// i • , ' '* * " ,,v 'hr ii/tihw niunhrr rf ilra/li

llir cUrntKn rt (hr \ctlrw Lute u, dicutvs thr rv7tuiv„ ,

T/u-JUttrk /, ’

l.,»r the Ml I’lUtiiii ■ T ; 1 ■■ ,

V,r I , M, . R,,/ 1„,„ ,h. Z '*«"»"* '"Z" , I

Tin’ h,;„IU < / '/It, It,, / 7,7 "if ""In tl:r, hmprmturr „! Orrmnuh rfa-ny t/ny of thr yr,,r T!,, M ,

zfzzaz - "*■ "w n< *f * - & *

ELEYEM DIVISIONS OF ETOLAOT PUtt y

Diagram npirmiluifi Hi, Dtalhs from CHOLERA an. each day aCtho months od'JD{i'. Jtuu.Ju(v. August.. September, OcU>her&. Utemborin On Year

/teg is/, nr Uenefftfs fbfjorlon. l/WUJYl in /'ngfa/id . /ft /St.

TEMPERATURE AND MORTALITY OF LONDON For every week of 11 years (1840-50.)

I 8 1 2 .

18 4*3.

Ctrrni/ur Ideograms shrwTTic, il,c rctaUr, A/rrlatMy an ft (Sic
mens, bmfjwnunr, in swftfi week of Uu // Kars /6/0-6C
'/it( ftejKtaft.ne between <ont,c/, fftt-ch represents cither / (0 deal h.v
<r /(> </ tern penal, u v th., meoftu represents Uu> week* M t/w
year the nan, her..- of which are .arranged- round- the outside rirc/e
//V/" Jt, 52. /i, s, ,/s this, nancies whirh sene far a scute there
nr, twnlhcrs. //,, tlee urLru rine/f.y.t/u’nns run n In gouts iclc
iJa j , ll, n , ,/ ,nu* nf,ft it,su/j the /lack - tin oilier oubtiftf

Ote bin a: nr, ft. insidr Ute reft rots,,.* , ,

^ ' °te>urft re/jr/sene respectively
ihx> average weekly death* a/' jgfa U.,L /Mg.

i/i£ average weekly ft cat/,.? a/' l/,* U,,L ^

correct e. ft for in , -reuse of Pom, in , ,/

,pn,a,,rn. ike mean, fetru-

/jerrtioref//ft°./,)of the 79 years /77/ Jg/.q

The rut * r irregular line refjrr.se,, ,.r
inner irregular fin, the 71iean, frrr
ofa,* year

fin- /lark colour denotes the cscte/tL A.

th,

Death*, a reft the
<il,rr e in. e ftch week

i/iicfo Oie weekly

death* c.jccri,/ t/u avernc/i l forces sir, Aforta/ityf and t/u
yellow colour den fete* Uie intent by which, t/ic weekly
deaths are /clew fttc average /Salubrity/ /he re.d colour
denotes flu- cucte.nl by which (he mean temp, nature efthe
week exceeds tin mean, temperature ,r the 7// years, ///cut/; and the
btzic /Cot,// die extent, by whirh the mean m ftily temperature is
below dr* mean, (cnpcralfo-c cf l/tc /ft years. /7ms _ /n the. year /S/d (he
reumber efdeaths registered ai f/ic 25 'ft week was SOS, the

average weekly number for the /O years was //? 20 the
deaths were t/,crc/brc 2/2 below the average . whirh
difference is shown by the wtelth of' the yellotv coleur . The
mean tempereeturc for the same week was 69 °6 while
the average ,rtean 79 years was only 46' ?d; so that

Ole mearu lempcrtdurC week was 2/ 7 above the average

merui which* excess is shown, by the width of the red colour.

Srsiru/ijoc l i ,ii hvry

tfsf/istnir (ierifra/s Report m f'/i///&n in favilawl m-

r E A (r it K r E A It S

the Fears
weekly

Circular Diagrams representing the week!* Drat/

159.1 . 1603 . 162.5 , 1636 . 1665 . 1646, and, th
Deaths of 1610 -16

Tlu distance between IliC Centre a/ul th, .aeon, l
the third circles Ac. represents 600 He, tills
tents the average weekly deaths of the paMj
duun-nn. ,f 16:1.0 the average of the //» Years .1,0 . ettt

m the dine, rum for the several nthrr ycaj •* J,
the 7 years 1640. 1.6 ‘Hw ni„„hn
■rrarufrel round the outer circle The m,
particular week is shown by the tempi, of th,
rent th / centre in the direr/ ion. „f ,jh
ndiralc,/ on the outer circle

rrue,e
the tv re.
• dc, dlis <
\iah Une
• of I hr

s elrdn

liras : In the 4.5 ’f1 week i’/' the. year 1665 tlu • number
of deaths was 1368 which is shown by (hr length of t. hr
15 '!' line . In, order (o make the deaths irt (he different
years a /lurid, ot ' comf>/r/-tst>n will, one another it nets ruce.s
sary to increase the nutnher ot dcalhs in the early years in
the same ratio as the population , or to diminish (he deaths
of later years in the sene proportion . but as the former plan
if tuloptod . would- have made , either the' diagram ineonve
nicnily Largs' nr the scale of deaths too small,, the tie.' plan

was Hu’ue/hl pmfcjitlde .

Mode in, which the mortality of th. Cholera Fear (1610)
was deduced, :

eons es/ucr\tly th.-
nearly as L7j.
reduced, in that
in 1840 to 384,

1 he diagrams

the population
estimated by ('„.,
The Loiulori JJj-,
parishes udd
Islington, , ,j •/

1636 and 1665 ,

assumed

1840 . ?, 106,076
pop al alum in 1661 was to that irt 18.1.0
" 1000 the deaths in 181.0 were thereto,
ratio and the diagram, now shows the dent
of the population, .

[ary , La.rnhcth ,

• from the actual return,
he the same as in 1661 w,

1636 had several ’ other
' -John . Hackney , Sf Ala,

•V Alary , Aewington , 8f A/.

l{ other hi the .■ S*.’ Duns tan,' . Stepruy , carat e/yuently the bills
down to the year 1626 returned, less than the actual man
ber that orcu-rrd in, the Air trap oils as de fried in 1636 . the
population, of which was also probably increasing.

It has been assumed that the parishes not in the Hills

-cd. /a„,„z, „r.„, a e„urth of- MuJA

in the Hills .

The Total number of weekly deaths returned has th
been raised one fourth ■ in the, years 1503 . 1603 ,
1 6 15 It is believed that, the mortality of those vrrer.
understated , notwithstanding the addition, to the return.

retire ■
and

PART II.— TABLES.

CONTENTS.

PART II.

TABLES : —

1848. — Deaths from Cholera in the Divisions and Counties of England during the year

1848, and in the Months of October, November, and December.

, , Deaths from Cholera in the Divisions of England, in each Week of the last Three
Months of 1848 ...........

, , Deaths from Cholera at different Ages, in the Divisions of England, during the
last Three Months of 1848 . . . , .

1849. — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea (distinguishing Sex) in each of the Divisions,

Counties, and Districts of England, during the Year 1849 . . . .

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in England, on each Day of each of the
Twelve Months of 1849 ..........

,, Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in the Eleven Divisions of England, on each
Day of each Month of 1849 . . . . . . . * .

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in the several Counties of England, on each
Day of each Month of 1849 .........

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in London, on each Day of each Month of

1849

, , Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, at different Ages (distinguishing Sex), in
each of the Divisions and Counties of England, during the Year 1849

,, Deaths from Cholera in England, and in each of the Eleven Divisions, in 1849;
showing the Duration of the Attacks among Males and Females at different Ages

, , Notes on Cholera, giving a brief Sketch of remarkable Facts connected with the
Epidemic; also showing the Population, 1841, and the Number of Deaths from
Cholera and Diarrhoea in 1849, in each of the 2189 Sub-Districts of England .

Page

1-2

3

4

5-19

20-21

22-33

34-105

106-107

108-119

120-165

166-300

1848. Deaths from Cholera in Divisions and Counties.

1

DEATHS from CHOLERA during the Year 1848, and in the Months of
October, November, and December.

DEATHS from CHOLERA

DIVISIONS and COUNTIES.

Population,

1841.

In the

whole of the Year
1848.

In the Months
of October, November,
and December.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

Males.

Fem,

Total.

ENGLAND . . .

15914143

1057

877

1934

612

493

1105

No.

1

Divisions.

London

19483G9

362

0

0

662

262

216

478

2

South Eastern ....

1479863

63

45

108

29

23

52

3

South Midland. ....

II41542

115

92

207

84

56

140

4

Eastern

1040616

38

27

65

21

13

34

5

South Western

1740032

40

28

68

14

14

28

6

West Midland .....

1902125

52

49

IOI

14

18

32

7

North Midland . ....

IIIO203

43

42

85

22

18

40

8

North Western

2067164

120

107

227

34

33

67

9

York. .......

1584116

114

93

207

53

41

94

IO

Northern

826555

85

78

163

67

55

122

II

Welsh

1068547

25

16

41

12

6

18

I

Persons travelling by Railways!
and Canals j

2. South Eastern Division.
Surrey (part of) ....

5016

187868

I

4

5

I

2

3

2

Kent (part of ) ....

447 1 1 5

30

16

46

15

9

24

3

Sussex .

302460

9

5

14

3

3

4

Hampshire ......

352048

17

14

3i

7

7

14

5

Berkshire

190372

6

6

12

3

5

8

6

3 . South M idland Division.
Middlesex (part of) .

140895

27

l6

43

16

IO

26

7

Hertfordshire

162394

II

IO

21

9

6

15

8

Buckinghamshire ....

138248

29

31

60

25

23

48

9

Oxfordshire

163216

4

4

3

3

IO

Northamptonshire.

199208

8

9

17

I

2

3

II

Huntingdonshire ....

55365

3

2

5

I

I

2

12

Bedfordshire .....

112378

4

8

12

3

4

7

13

Cambridgeshire ....

169638

29

1 6

45

26

IO

36

14

4. Eastern Division.
Essex

320811

9

11

20

6

5

II

15

Suffolk

314681

15

4

19

8

2

IO

l6

Norfolk

405124

14

12

26

7

6

13

O

5. South Western Division.
Wiltshire

242772

5

1

6

3

I

4

18

Dorsetshire

167876

1

I

• •

I

I

19

Devonshire

537270

22

11

33

5

7

12

20

Cornwall

343321

12

9

21

1 6

I

7

21

Somersetshire

448793

I

6

7

1 . .

4

4

22

6. West Midland Division.
Gloucestershire

395533

9

5

14

1

!

1

3

2

5

23

Herefordshire ....

96515

2

2

• •

24

Shropshire

241685

2

5

7

. .

• .

• •

25

Statlordshire

528867

13

15

28

2

8

IO

26

W orcestersliire .....

230387

7

5

12

; 3

2

5

27

W arwicksliire

409138

21

17

38

6

6

12

2 1848. Deaths from Cholera in Counties.

Deaths from Cholera during the Year 1848, &c. — continued.

DEATHS from CHOLERA

COUNTIES.

Population,

1841.

In the

whole of the Year
1848.

In the Months
of October, November,
and December.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

No.

28

7. North Midland Division.
Leicestershire

220304

7

13

20

2

I

3

29

Rutlandshire .....

23151

I

• •

I

I

• •

I

30

Lincolnshire .....

356226

25

27

42

l6

9

25

3r

Nottinghamshire ....

270731

4

7

II

2

5

7

32

Derbyshire

239791

6

5

II

I

3

4

33

8. North Western Division.
Cheshire ......

368400

21

18

39

8

7

25

34

Lancashire

1698764

99

89

188

26

26

52

35

9. York Division.
West Riding

1176514

74

65

239

30

24

54

36

East Riding (with York) . .

221376

32

23

55

21

25

36

37

North Riding

186226

8

5

13

2

2

4

38

10. Northern Division.
Durham

326043

42

24

66

32

l6

48

39

Northumberland ....

266020

35

41

76

31

34

65

40

Cumberland .....

178038

8

13

21

4

5

9

4i

Westmorland

56454

42

11. Welsh Division.
Monmouthshire ....

I5I02I

2

2

4

43

South Wales

529364

12

6

18

6

4

10

44

North Wales

388162

I [

8

29

i 6

2

8

1848. DEATHS from CHOLERA during each "Week of the last three Months.

1848. Deaths from Cholera in each of the last 13 Weeks. 3

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d

b-i

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O

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g

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a

etf

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g

s

0

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c3

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c3

cu

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0

a

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0

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i

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t-t

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0

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bl

£

~s

0

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-4->

O

O

(O

a

ci

w

'S

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CD

<s

£

h

O

£

t-t

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York

rg

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1848. DEATHS from CHOLERA at different Ages during the Months of October, November, and December.

4 1848. Deaths from Cholera at the several Ages.

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea , in Divisions and Counties. 5

DEATHS from CHOLERA and DIARRHCEA during the Year 1849, in the
several Divisions, Counties, and Districts of England.

CHOLERA.

Total of

DIARRHCEA.

Population,

Cholera

U 1 V laiuro AND Ui\ 1

1841.

Males.

Fern.

Total.

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

F em.

ENGLAND

• •

I59r4i48

26108

27185

53293

72180

18887

9637

9250

No.

Divisions.

I

London . . .

• •

1948369

6701

7436

14137

18036

3899

1970

1929

2

South Eastern

• •

1479863

1679

1530

3209

4678

1469

749

720

3

South Midland

• •

II4I542

793

724

1517

2430

923

454

459

4

Eastern ...

• •

1040616

456

423

879

1653

774

427

357

5

South Western .

• •

1740032

2248

2316

4564

5650

1086

572

514

6

West Midland .

• •

I902I25

* 2679

2495

5174

7577

2403

1253

II50

7

North Midland .

• •

III0203

327

267

584

1348

764

397

367

8

North Western .

• •

2067164

4122

4714

8836

13042

4206

2128

2078

9

York ....

• •

1584116

3126

3220

6346

8301

2955

97°

985

10

Northern . . .

• •

826555

1614

i860

3474

4263

789

379

410

II

Welsh ....

• •

1068547

2373

2200

4573

5202

629

348

281

Persons travelling by Rail-1

5016

ways and Canals

• •/

i. London.

Middlesex ( part of)

• •

1442731

3388

36l2

7000

9593

2593

1306

1287

Surrey ( part of) .

•

398537

2814

3509

6323

7373

1050

518

532

Kent (Greenwich
Lewisham) . .

and |

I040II

499

315

814

107a

256

146

IIO

Police on Duty .

• •

3090

2. South Eastebn

Division.

I

Surrey (part of) .

• •

187868

141

115

256

400

244

76

68

2

Kent (part of) ,

• •

447H5

650

558

1208

Z715

507

2 74

233

3

Sussex ....

302460

187

168

355

634

279

129

150

4

Hampshire. . .

• •

352048

625

615

1240

1630

390

185

205

5

Berkshire ...

• •

190372

76

74

150

299

249

85

64

3. South Midland

Division.

6

Middlesex (part of)

• •

140895

216

192

408

595

187

96

92

7

Hertfordshire .

• •

162394

177

146

323

446

123

55

68

8

Buckinghamshire.

• •

138248

90

86

176

279

103

52

52

9

Oxfordshire .

• •

163216

54

61

125

221 |

106

50

56

0

Northamptonshire

• •

199208

73

68

14 r

264

223

64

59

I

Huntingdonshire .

55565

9

5

14

48

34

29

25

2

Bedfordshire . .

• 4

112378

33

40

73

259

86

38

48

3

Cambridgeshire .

• •

169638

141

126

267

418

151

8r

7°

4. Eastern Division.

4

Essex ....

320811

299

278

577

876

299

162

237

5

Suffolk. . . .

• •

314681

41

39

80

296

216

118

98

'6

Norfolk . . .

• •

405124

Il6

106

222

481

259

237

122

5. South Western

Division.

7

Wiltshire . .

• •

242772

170

150

320

488

168

87

81

3

Dorsetshire

• •

167876

6l

58

119

182

63

27

36

9

Devonshire

• •

537270

1139

1223

2362

2722

360

294

166

D

Cornwall . . .

• •

343321

399

435

834

974

140

72

68

r

Somersetshire . .

• •

448793

479

450

929

1284

355

192

163

6

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Counties.

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea daring the Year 1849, &c. — continued.

CHOLERA.

Total of

diarrhcea.

COUNTIES.

Population,

Cholera

1841.

Males.

Fein.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

6. West Midland

No.

Division.

22

Gloucestershire . •

395533

718

749

1467

1878

4rl

226

185

23

Herefordshire ....

96515

I

I

29

28

16

12

24

Shropshire

241685

169

142

311

426

115

58

57

25

Staffordshire ....

528867

1396

1277

2673

3575

902

472

430

26

Worcestershire . . .

230387

227

205

432

639

207

109

98

27

Warwickshire. . • .

409138

168

122

290

1030

740

372

368

7. Nortii Midland

Division.

28

Leicestershire. . . .

220304

15

3

18

171

153

91

62

29

Rutlandshire ....

23151

7

2

9

16

7

3

4

30

Lincolnshire ....

356226

199

172

69

371

617

246

119

127

31

Nottinghamshire . . .

270731

68

x37

375

238

rl7

12 1

32

Derbyshire ....

239791

28

21

49

169

120

67

53

8. Northwestern

Division.

33

Cheshire .....

3684CO

352

302

654

1068

414

200

3214

34

Lancashire ....

1698764

3770

4412

8182

11974

3792

1928

1864

9. York Division.

35

West Riding ....

1176514

2057

2IOI

4158

5612

1454

717

737

36

East Riding (with York).

221376

1039

1102

2141

2579

438

219

219

37

North Riding ....

186226

30

17

47

no

63

34

29

10. Northern Division.

38

Durham

326043

766

877

1643

2022

379

*73

206

39

Northumberland . .

266020

670

740

1410

1679

269

140

129

40

Cumberland ....

178038

178

242

420

544

124

59

65

4i

Westmorland ....

56454

* *

I

I

18

17

7

10

11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire .

I5I02I

467

310

777

902

125

73

52

43

South Wales ....

529364

1782

1770

3552

3955

403

214

189

44

North AVales ....

388162

124

120

244

345

101

6l

40

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts .

x. London.

7

DISTRICTS.

Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera
and

Diarrhoea

DIARRHCEA.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

Middlesex ( part of.)

I

Kensington ....

74779

128

132

260

406

146

76

70

2

Chelsea

40179

hi

136

247

339

92

44

48

3

St. George, Hanover Square

66552

59

72

I3X

200

69

34

35

4

Westminster ....

56712

231

206

437

549

1 12

58

54

5

St. Martin-in -the-Fields .

25091

45

46

9i

118

27

13

x4

6

St. James, Westminster .

37398

26

31

57

97

40

20

20

7

Marylebone ....

138164

123

138

261

490

229

109

120

8

Hampstead ....

10093

4

5

9

20

II

8

3

9

Pancras

12976}

167

x93

360

592

232

no

122

IO

Islington

55690

94

93

187

297

no

55

55

II

Hackney

42261

69

70

x39

232

93

49

44

12

St. Giles

54292

114

171

285

362

77

38

39

13

Strand

43598

70

86

156

218

62

27

35

*4

Holborn

44461

70

9i

l6l

2l6

55

24

3X

15

Clerkenwell ....

56708

65

56

12 I

213

92

44

48

16

St. Luke

49829

7i

1 1 2

183

280

97

48

49

17

East London ....

39655

75

107

182

239

57

35

22

18

West London ....

29142

199

230

429

492

63

3X

32

19

London City ....

55920

96

III

207

254

47

21

26

20

Shoreditch ....

83432

354

435

789

978

189

93

96

21

Bethnal Green

74088

39i

398

789

996

207

112

95

22

Whitechapel ....

7x765

271

235

506

661

x55

80

75

23

St. George-in-the-East .

41350

Ix9

80

x99

269

70

35

35

24

Stepney

90687

27r

230

501

685

184

103

81

25

Poplar

3II22

165

148

3X3

390

77

39

38

Surrey (jpart of.)

26

St. Saviour Southwark .

32975

230

309

539

650

III

53

58

27

St. Clave Southwark

19837

179

I70

349

398

49

x9

30

28

Bermondsey ....

34947

326

408

734

883

149

74

75

29

St. George Southwark .

46644

388

448

836

961

125

6l

64

30

Newington ....

54606

377

53°

907

1042

x35

64

7X

31

Lambeth .....

115888

681

937

1618

1894

276

136

140

32

Wandsworth ....

39855

221

263

484

559

75

4i

34

33

Camberwell ....

39868

24O

264

504

590

86

4i

45

34

Rotherhithe ....

I39I7

172

180

352

396

44

29

15

Kent ( part of.)

35

Greenwich. ....

80997

447

271

718

920

202

121

81

36

Lewisham .....

23014

52

44

96

150

54

25

29

2.

South Eastern Division.

1.— Surrey {part of.)

37

Epsom

17248

5

6

II

21

10

3

7

38

Chertsey

14928

19

*7

36

42

6

2

4

39

Guildford

23081

9

3

12

23

II

5

6

40

Farnham .....

10658

3

3

6

21

15

8

7

4i

Farnborough «...

7124

• •

4

4

4

• •

42

Hambledon ....

12811

• •

• .

• •

6

6

3

3

43

Dorking

10978

4

. .

4

9

5

I

4

44

Reigate

14328

7

I

8

12

4

• •

4

45

Godstone

11459

I

4

5

6

I

I

• •

46

Croydon

27720

51

43

94

x37

43

25

18

47

Kingston

23975

x4

18

32

58

26

l6

10

48

Richmond. ....

13558

28

20

48

6l

x3

8

5

8 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

2. South Eastern Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

CHOLERA.

Total of

DIARRIICEA.

1841

Males.-

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

49

2. Kent (part of.)
Bromley !

16077

6

4

TO

23

13

8

5

50

Dartford . .

• • •

25366

68

49

127

136

29

12

7

5i

Gravesend.

• • •

15670

105

91

196

234

38

21

17

52

North Aylesford

• • •

I4676

40

33

73

89

16

7

9

53

Hoo . . .

2794

4

3

7

IO

3

2

I

54

Medway • . .

• • «

37616

74

53

127

189

62

25

37

55

Mailing . ,

• • •

1 79 3 3

12

7

29

37

18

15

3

5&

Sevenoaks •

• • •

22209

I

4

5

II

6

4

2

57

Tunbridge. .

• • •

23817

7

12

19

40

21

15

6

58

Maidstone. .

• • •

32310

44

54

98

154

56

32

25

59

liollingbourn .

• • •

23819

8

2

10

23

13

8

5

60

Cranbrook

• • •

13163

• •

• •

• •

8

8

3

5

6 1

Tenderden. .

• • •

10999

• .

2

2

24

12

6

6

62

West Asbl'ord.

• • 0

11329

5

5

10

1 8

8

3

5

63

East Ashford .

• • •

11530

3

3

6

15

9

5

4

64

Bridge . .

• • •

10981

3

2

5

14

9

6

3

65

Canterbury .

• • •

15003

18

29

37

50

13

5

8

66

Blean . . .

• • •

13787

24

9

23

32

9

5

4

67

Faversham •

• • •

J59r4

12

4

l6

28

12

7

5

68

Milton .

• • •

11492

42

26

68

84

l6

9

7

69

Sheppey .

• • •

10858

3°

24

54

71

17

9

8

7°

Thanet. . .

• • •

3 1466

94

IO9

203

260

57

33

24

7i

Eastry . .

• • •

23921

5

2

7

31

24

II

23

72

Dover . . .

• • •

24523

54

40

94

124

30

14

l6

73

Elham . .

• • •

14662

I

• •

I

16

• 25

8

7

74

Romney Marsh

• • •

5200

• *

I

I

4

3

2

I

75

3. Sussex.

Rye

11792

2

6

8

14

6

3

3

76

Hastings . .

• • •

14836

26

25

52

79

28

12

16

77

Battle .

• • •

12036

2

I

3

8

5

4

I

7«

Eastbourne .

• • •

7950

• •

2

2

3

I

I

• •

79

Hailsham .

• • •

12433

I

2

3

IO

• 7

4

3

80

Ticehurst . .

• • •

14197

8

3

II

28

17

8

9

8r

Ucktield . •

16441

1

2

3

12

9

4

5

82

East Grinstead

12629

I

I

• 5

4

2

2

83

Cuckfield .

17132

12

5

17

26

9

4

5

84

Lewes ...

24816

2

• •

2

23

21

II

IO

85

Brighton .

46661

99

95

194

280

86

38

48

86

Steyning .

14353

II

13

24

33

9

2

7

87

Horsham . .

13400

3

I

4

13

9

4

5

88

Petworth . ,

• • •

9680

I

I

I

• •

89

Thakeham. .

• • •

7765

3

I

4

7

3

I

2

90

Worthing . ,

• • •

17568

4

4

8

15

7

5

2

91

Westhampnett

1415 7

4

• •

4

17

13

7

6

92

Chichester

• • •

14620

6

6

12

42

29

9

20

93

Midhurst . .

• • •

13325

I

• •

I

IO

9

6

3

94

Westbourne .

• • •

6669

2

* *

2

9

7

4

3

95

4. Hampshire.
Havant .....

6643

| 3

3

8

5

3

2

96

Portsea Island

• • •

53058

267

3°2

568

696

128

6l

67

97

Alverstoke. .

• • •

23510

76

50

126

146

20

7

13

98

Fareham '. .

• • •

24599

6

5

II

25

14

8

6

99

Isle of Wight.

• • •

42550

77

75

152

188

36

22

14

IOO

Lymington .

• • •

11478

• •

• •

• •

8

8

2

6

IOI

Christchurch .

• • •

7838

102

Uingwood .

• • •

5305

• •

• •

• •

2

2

• •

2

103

Fordingbridge.

• • •

6705

7

2

9

IO

I

I

• *

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts. 9

2. South Eastern Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera
and

Diarrhoea

DIARRHOEA.

Males.

Fern.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

4. Hampshire — continued.

104

Neiv Forest ....

13245

2

4

6

22

16

6

10

105

Southampton ....

27103

119

121

240

293

53

3i

22

106

South Stoneham . . .

12693

21

13

34

57

23

8

15

107

Romsey

10388

6

9

15

27

12

6

6

108

Stockbridge ....

7°94

I

I

2

3

I

• •

I

109

Winchester ....

23044

20

22

42

71

29

II

18

no

Droxford

10281

I

• •

I

7

6

3

3

III

Catheringron ....

2356

I

I

2

2

• •

112

Petersfield

7461

2

I

3

12

9

5

4

113

Alresford .....

7094

114

Alton

11299

6

3

9

r5

6

- 2

4

113

Hartley Wintney. .

10722

• •

• •

1

I

• •

I

Il6

Basingstoke . . . . <

16627

I

I

2

12

10

4

6

07

Whitchurch ....

5495

I

• •

I

4

3

• •

3

ns

Andover

16998

5

4

9

12

3

3

• •

119

Kingsclere ....

8462

3

2

5

9

4

2

2

5. Berkshire.

120

Newbury

19964

II

l6

27

41

14

8

6

121

Hungerford ....

19896

I

• •

I

21

20

II

9

122

Faringdon ....

15583

• •

I

I

3

2

I

I

123

Abingdon

18780

17

17

34

60

26

J7

9

124

Wantage .....

16832

• •

• •

• •

10

10

5

5

125

Wallingford ....

13950

• •

• •

• *

7

7

5

2

126

Brad field

15555

I

2

3

II

8

3

5

127

Reading

19521

6

II

17

6l

44

25

I9

128

Wokingham ....

12803

I

• •

I

2

r

I

129

Cookham

11058

6

2

8

19

11

6

5

130

Easthampstead .

5926

• .

• •

• •

2

2

• •

2

13 *

Windsor

20504

33

25

58

62

4

3

I

3-

South Midland Division.

6. Middlesex (part of.)

132

Staines

13218

22

19

41

6l

20

15

5

133

Uxbridge

18879

23

17

40

6r

21

6

15

134

Brentford

37053

86

98

184

223

39

22

17

135

Hendon

15444

II

3

14

28

14

7

7

136

Barnet

13759

22

6

28

57

29

14

15

137

Edmonton. ....

42542

52

49

IOI

165

64

32

32

7. Hertfordshire.

138

Ware

15504

12

6

18

26

8

4

4

139

Bishop Stortford .

19370

2

I

3

21

18

12

6

140

Royston .....

24930

3

6

9

18

9

4

5

141

Hiu-hin .....

22346

68

59

127

154

27

9

18

142

Hertford

14145

43

38

81

88

7

4

3

143

Hatfield .....

8019

I

I

2

12

10

6

4

144

St. Albans. ....

17048

6

6

12

20

8

2

6

145

Watford .....

18009

26

19

45

56

II

3

8

146

Hemel Hempstead . •

11498

II

10

21

32

II

5

6

147

Berkhampstead . .

11525

5

• •

5

19

14

6

8

8. Buckinghamshire.

148

Amersham ....

18212

4

7

II

26

15

5

10

149

Eton

20243

20

21

41

57

l6

6

10

150

Wycombe .....

32046

53

47

100

122

22

13

9

] 0 1 849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

3. South Midland Division — continued.

'

DISTRICTS.

j Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera

DIARRHOEA.

Males.

Fern.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

151

8. Buckinchamshire-coh.
Aylesbury .....

22135

10

9

19

47

28

13

25

152

Winslow

8376

• •

• •

• •

5

5

4

I

153

.Newport Pagnell .

22997

2

2

4

1 5

II

.6

5

154

Buckingham ....

14239

I

* *

I

7

6

4

2

155

9. Oxfordshire.
Henley

17545

3

I

4

17

13

7

6

156

Thame

15605

• •

• •

• •

2

2

I

I

157

Headingtou ....

I4004

12

19

3i

49

18

IO

8

158

Oxford

19796

22

22

44

66

22

IO

12

I59

Bicester

15200

• •

2

2

3

I

I

• •

160

AVoodstock ....

13390

• •

• •

• •

5

5

4

I

l6l

Witney

22963

17

l6

33

48

15

5

IO

162

Chipping Norton . . .

16148

• •

• •

• •

2

2

2

• •

163

Baubury

28565

• •

I

I

29

28

IO

18

164

10. Northamptonshire.
Brackley

13425

5

5

3

2

165

Towcester

12537

• •

. •

. .

1 9

9

5

4

166

Potterspury ....

9794

• .

• .

• .

4

4

I

3

167

Hardingstone ....

8668

15

9

24

29

5

5

• .

168

Northampton ....

28121

24

25

49

75

26

12

14

169

Daventry .....

21467

2

3

5

9

4

4

• .

17°

Brixworth

14490

• .

• •

• •

11

IX

4

7

I7I

Wellingborough .

19947

I

I

2

8

6

5

I

172

Kettering .....

18269

• •

I

I

6

5

3

2

173

Thrapston

I204I

7

2

9

27

8

3

5

174

Oundie .....

14976

I

I

2

4

2

I

I

175

Peterborough ....

25473

23

26

49

87

38

18

20

176

ir. Huntingdonshire.
Huntingdon ....

18432

4

3

7

27

20

12

8

*77

St. Ives

19098

4

I

5

8

3

I

2

178

St. Neots .....

18035

I

I

2

23

II

6

5

r79

12. Bedfordshire.
Bedford

31766

l6

21

37

62

25

II

14

180

Biggleswade ....

20694

13

15

28

47

29

IO

9

181

Ampthill

15681

• .

I

I

10

9

5

4

182

Woburn .....

11282

2

• •

2

5

3

2

I

183

Leighton Buzzard

15042

2

I

3

21

18

6

12

184

Luton

I79I3

• •

2

2

24

12

4

8

185

13. Cambridgeshire.
Caxton. .....

10077

3

9

12

13

I

I

186

Chesterton

21599

4

I

5

14

9

4

5

187

Cambridge ....

2445 3

5

• •

5

34

29

16

23

188

Linton ......

12960

I

I

2

14

12

3

9

189

Newmarket ....

27361

I

4

5

24

19

7

12

190

20096

I

2

3

l6

13

7

6

191

North AVitchford . .

14733

44

41

85

100

25

9

6

192

AVhittlesey ....

6874

8

4

12

19

7

5

2

*93

Wisbeach

31485

74

64

x38

184

46

3°

16

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts. 11

4. Eastern Division.

districts.

Population,

CHOLERA.

Total of

DIARRHCEA.

1841.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

194

14. Essex.

West Ham ....

26920

72

62

134

173

39

17

22

195

Epping

15987

7

13

20

37

17

II

6

196

Ongar

11801

I

2

3

5

2

I

I

197

Romford

22206

81

82

163

206

43

22

21

198

Orsett

10156

16

12

28

42

14

8

6

199

Rillericay

13607

2

2

4

12

8

3

5

200

Chelmsford ....

30607

2

2

4

13

9

6

3

201

Rochford

15920

56

49

105

124

19

IO

9

202

Maldon . . . • .

20811

19

13

32

54

22

12

IO

203

Tendring

26253

34

37

7r

104

33

13

20

204

Colchester ....

1779°

2

2

4

9

5

4

I

205

Lexden

20895

3

• •

3

36

33

18

15

206

Witham .....

15410

2

• •

2

15

13

II

2

207

Halstead

17720

. .

• .

• »

14

14

9

5

208

Braintree

16018

, .

, ,

, .

8

8

6

2

209

Dunmovr .....

19880

I

2

3

l6

13

6

7

210

Saffron Walden . . .

18830

I

• •

I

8

7

5

2

211

15. Suffolk.
Risbridge .....

17440

I

3

4

13

9

5

4

212

Sudbury

30019

• •

I

I

19

18

II

7

213

Cosford

18238

• •

. ,

• .

12

12

4

8

214

Thingoe

18035

• •

• .

• •

4

4

I

3

215

Bury St. Edmunds .

12538

I

2

3

7

4

I

3

216

Mildenhall ....

9184

• •

• .

I

I

I

217

Stow

19678

I

I

2

9

7

4

3

218

Hartismere ....

18530

I

• •

I

IO

9

8

I

219

Hoxne

15796

• •

1

I

IO

9

3

6

220

Bosmere

16521

I

• •

I

II

IO

8

2

22r

Samford

11813

2

# .

2

9

7

4

3

222

Ipswich .....

25264

10

8

18

77

59

33

26

223

Woodbridge ....

2300I

5

I

6

20

14

8

6

224

Plomesgate ....

2 105 1

• •

• •

• .

3

3

3

• •

225

Blything

27321

3

I

4

26

22

IO

12

226

Wangford

13860

3

7

10

28

18

IO

8

227

Mutford .....

16392

13

14

27

37

IO

4

6

228

16. Norfolk.
Yarmouth .....

24086

53

34

87

13 1

44

26

18

229

Flegg

7676

• •

2

2

II

9

5

4

230

Tunstead

15433

3

I

4

15

II

3

8

231

Erpingham ....

20507

I

I

II

IO

5

5

232

Aylsham .....

20056

9

12

21

28

7

4

3

233

St. Faiths

11545

2

4

6

6

1 •

234

Norwich .....

61846

II

27

38

137

99

50

49

235

Forehoe

13530

2

I

3

6

3

3

236

Henstead

11381

I

, .

I

3

2

2

237

Blofield

10555

, •

, .

8

8

5

3

238

Loddon

14472

2

• •

2

5

3

I

2

239

Depwade

25589

• .

I

I

io

9

5

4

240

Guiltcross .....

11964

« •

• •

, ,

I

I

I

241

Way land

11162

• •

, #

. ,

I

I

. #

I

242

Mitford

28472

10

II

21

29

8

4

4

243

Walsingham ....

20960

, .

• ,

• •

2

2

2

244

Docking

1:6927

13

4

17

22

5

3

2

245

Freebridge Lynn .

12580

2

2

I

I

246

Kings Lynn ....

16554

I

I

2

21

19

II

8

247

Downham .....

19202

3

4

7

14

7

4

3

248

Swaffham .....

13086

5

I

6

7

I

I

249

Thetford

17541

I

2

3

II

8

4

4

2 1819. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

5. South Western Division.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of

DIARIUKEA.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

- ? 1
0 p

17. Wiltshire.
High worth' ....

15559

2

2

5

3

I

2

251

Cricklade ‘

13195

4

I

5

13

8

4

4

252

Malmesbury ....

14714

I

• •

I

8

7

2

5

253

Chippenham ....

23298

6

8

14

28

14

II

3

254

Cyril 11 ti ••••••

9324

• •

• •

• •

4

4

I

3

255

Marlborough ....

9236

2

3

5

9

4

3

I

256

Devizes .....

22129

37

3o

67

74

7

3

4

257

Melksham

18879

I

• •

I

23

22

14

8

258

Bradford

I3379

4

3

7

23

l6

10

6

259

Westbury

13400

4

• •

4

12

8

2

6

260

Warminster . . 0

17109

3

3

6

10

4

2

2

261

Pewsey

12259

I

I

14

13

7

6

262

Amesbury .....

7706

• •

I

I

2

I

• •

I

263

Alderbury .....

14174

II

l6

27

43

l6

6

10

264

Salisbury .....

9490

88

77

165

195

30

18

12

265

Wilton

10328

6

6

12

14

2

• •

2

266

Tisbury

10095

• •

2

2

3

I

I

• •

267

Mere. ... . .

8498

* *

* *

• •

8

8

2

6

268

18. Dorsetshire.
Shaftesbury ....

13106

3

3

I

2

269

Sturminster ....

10207

I

I

• •

I

270

Blandford .....

13895

• •

• •

• •

I

I

• •

I

271

Wimborne

15949

• •

• •

• •

7

7

2

5

272

Poole

12076

*5

l6

31

35

4

I

3

273

Wareham .....

16540

I

• •

I

6

5

3

2

274

Weymouth ....

18694

23381

29

3°

59

81

22

13

9

275

Dorchester. ....

8

8

l6

•19

3

• •

3

276

Sherborne .....

12242

I

• •

I

I

• •

• •

• •

277

Beaminster ....

I5II2

• •

• •

• •

7

7

2

5

278

Bridport

16674

7

4

II

21

10

5

5

279

19. Devonshire.
Axminster. ....

20583

I

1

12

II

6

5

280

Honiton .....

23892

4

I

5

II

6

4

2

281

St. Thomas ....

47104

10

ir

21

49

28

12

l6

282

Exeter

31312

26

18

44

83

39

27

12

28;

Newton Abbot. . .

44359

33

53

86

i27

41

23

18

284

Totnes

34128

44

63

107

130

23

14

9

285

Kingsbridge ....

21537

9

8

17

24

7

4

3

286

Plympton St. Mary .

19807

75

76

151

157

6

4

2

287

Plymouth .....

36520

389

441

830

879

49

23

26

288

East Stonehouse . . .

9712

89

82

i7r

180

9

3

6

289

Stoke Damerel . • .

33820

354

367

721

785

64

31

33

290

Tavistock

23995

77

63

140

156

l6

7

9

291

Okehampton ....

22001

4

2

6

8

2

I

1

292

Creditou .....

22030

• •

• •

I I

‘ II

7

4

293

Tiverton

38172

2

3

5

15

10

6

4

294

South Molton. .

20982

• •

• •

• •

9

9

7

2

295

Barnstaple ....

37195

20

32

52

78

26

13

13

296

Torrington ....

18187

1

• •

I

I

• •

• •

• •

297

Bideford .....

19581

1

I

2

5

3

2

I

298

Iiolsworthy ....

12353

I

I

2

2

• #

• *

* *

299

20. Cornwall.
Stratton

9432

2

2

2

;oo

Camel lord. ....

8063

• •

I

I

6

5

5

• •

501

Launceston ,. . . .

16727

I

2

3

8

5

I

4

502

St. Germans ....

16120

IO4

132

236

254

18

10

8

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts. 13

5. South Western Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,
184 1.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera
and

Diarrhoea.

DIARRHOEA.

Males.

Fein.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

20. Cornwall — continued.

303

Liskeard . . .

26475

68

64

132

157

25

14

II

304

Bodmin . . .

20800

I

I

2

6

4

2

2

3°5

St. Columb . ,

16167

2

2

4

7

3

I

2

306

St. Austell. , .

31408

62

73

135

141

6

2

4

307

Truro ...»

43148

44

37

81

94

13

5

8

308

Falmouth . ,

21700

40

33

73

85

23

7

6

309

Helston .

32538

I

5

6

17

II

5

6

310

Redruth . . .

48047

59

74

133

J42

9

4

5

311

Penzance .

50114

12

10

22

5°

28

l6

12

312

Scilly Islands .

2582

3

I

4

4

• •

• *

• *

2i. Somersetshire.

313

Williton .

19374

• .

I

I

2

I

J

314

Wellington . .

21777

I

• •'

I

9

8

3

5

315

Taunton .

334-22

3°

3°

60

91

3i

15

l6

316

Bridgwater

31793

I TO

125

235

266

32

l6

25

317

Langport . . .

18109

• •

• »

• •

10

IO

6

4

318

Chard ....

26612

2

, .

2

15

13

5

8

319

Yeovil ....

27884

2

I

3

21

18

9

9

320

Wincanton . •

21286

I

I

2

11

9

6

3

321

Frome ....

25817

2

I

3

27

24

24

IO

322

Shepton Mallet .

17645

21

19

40

5°

10

5

5

323

Wells ....

20609

12

14

26

34

8

2

6

324

Axbridge . . .

32204

8

2

IO

27

27

13

4

325

Clutton .

25190

5°

48

98

121

23

8

15

326

Bath ....

69083

46

44

90

i9r

101

59

42

327

Keynsham .

21708

4i

36

77

95

18

24

4

328

Bedminster . .

36280

153

128

28r

314

33

27

16

6.

West Midland Division.

22. Gloucestershire.

329

Bristol. .

64266

297

294

59i

714

123

6l

62

330

Clifton. .

65781

245

318

563

651

88

55

33

331

Chipping Sodbury

19226

I

I

2

27

25

25

10

332

Thornbury. . .

. .

16467

4

4

8

17

9

6

3

333

Dursley

• •

16621

28

3°

58

73

15

6

9

334

Westbury-on-Severn

• •

15775

6

I

7

13

6

4

2

335

Newent . , .

• •

11687

I

I

2

9

7

5

2

336

Gloucester.

, .

26815

65

54

119

148

29

19

10

337

Whealenhurst.

• •

7960

12

5

17

23

6

4

2

338

Stroud ....

•

38929

29

15

34

56

22

6

16

339

Tetbury . . .

5891

• •

1

I

• '

1

340

Cirencester . .

, .

20728

1

• •

I

8

7

2

5

34i

Northleach .

. ,

10661

• «

• •

• •

• •

• •

342

Stow-on-the-Wold

, .

9522

• .

. .

I

I

I

• •

343

Winchcomb . .

I OOOO

• .

• .

4

4

3

1

344

Cheltenham

.

40246

2

4

6

57

51

32

29

345

Tewkesbury .

• •

14958

37

22

59

76

17

7

10

23. Herefordshire.

346

Ledbury .

12885

• •

• •

. .

347

Ross ....

•

14800

3

3

• •

3

348

Hereford .

•

34458

21

21

13

8

349

VVeobly , . .

8484

I

I

• •

I

35°

Bromyard . .

.

H493

• •

I

I

I

• •

351

Leominster .

14395

I

1

3

2

2

* *

[4 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

6. West Midland Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera

DIARRHOEA.

1841.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea.

Total.

Males.

Fern.

No.

352

24. Shropshire.
Ludlow

17521

3

3

I

2

353

Clan • • « •

• •

10022

, ,

• .

• «

I

I

• .

I

354

Church Stretton .

• •

6066

I

I

2

5

3

2

I

355

Cleobury Mortimer

• •

8708

I

I

8

7

3

4

35&

Bridgnorth

• •

15878

36

39

75

85

10

9

I

357

Shiffnall . . .

• •

IIO50

I

I

4

3

I

2

358

Madeley . .

• •

26255

37

24

6l

70

9

6

3

359

Atcham

18842

8

7

15

2r

6

2

4

360

Shrewsbury

21518

69

47

n6

142

26

II

15

361

Oswestry . . ,

• •

23072

I

2

3

11

8

5

3

362

Ellesmere .

•

16334

2

I

3

7

4

I

3

363

Wem ....

• •

17854

2

4

6

10

4

2

2

364

Market Drayton .

1395°

8

7

15

22

7

5

2

365

Wellington

19898

2

7

9

26

17

8

9

366

Newport . . .

14727

2

2

4

11

7

2

5

367

25. Staffordshire.
Stafford

20292

3

3

14

II

2

9

368

stone •

18806

5

2

7

10

3

• •

3

369

Newcastle-under-Ly

me .

19489

94

147

241

265

24

6

18

37°

Wolstanton

32666

38

41

79

144

65

42

23

37i

Stoke-upon-Treut .

47951

57

46

103

166

63

3°

33

372

Leek ....

21297

3

• •

3

13

10

4

6

373

Cheadle .

17859

1

I

2

11

9

6

3

374

Uttoxeter . . .

• •

14932

• •

• •

• •

1

I

• •

1

375

Burton-upon-Treut

• •

28876

2

4

6

19

13

4

9

376

Tamworth . . .

I2904

2

2

• 7

5

3

2

377

Lichfield .

24116

3

3

6

20

14

7

7

37a

Penkridge . .

16074

7

I

8

17

9

7

2

379

Wolverhampton .

80721

734

631

1365

1608

243

13°

113

380

W alsall

• •

34253

82

IO4

186

240

54

3°

24

381

West Bromwich .

• •

52578

151

99

250

358

•108

55

53

382

Dudley ...

• •

86053

214

198

412

682

2 70

146

124

383

26. Worcestershire.
Stourbridge ....

47929

161

153

3H

387

73

33

4°

384

Kidderminster

• •

29407

5

8

13

47

34

13

21

385

Tenbury .

• •

7066

• •

3

3

2

1

386

Martley

• •

I3I2I

1

• .

I

4

3

2

1

387

Worcester .

• •

27133

27

16

43

70

27

17

10

388

Upton-on-Severn.

• •

16891

5

8

13

16

3

2

1

389

Evesham .

• •

13889

• .

8

8

2

6

39°

Pershore .

• •

13382

• ,

# .

• c

8

8

8

• •

39i

Droitwich . . .

• •

17468

12

10

22

32

10

4

6

392

Bromsgrove

22427

13

6

19

39

20

13

7

393

Kings Norton .

21674

3

4

7

25

18

13

5

394

27. Warwickshire.
Birmingham ....

138215

22

7

29

456

427

213

214

395

Aston . . . #

5°977

4

2

6

108

102

49

53

396

Meriden . . .

11602

1

• •

I

5

4

I

3

397

Atherstone . .

10891

• •

• •

• •

8

8

• •

8

398

Nuneaton . .

12250

2

• •

2

13

II

5

6

399

Foleshill ...

17346

13

II

24

29

5

3

2

400

Coventry .

31032

108

94

202

308

106

56

5°

401

Rugby ....

20588

1

I

3

2

• •

2

402

Solihull ...

12404

• .

• .

• •

6

6

3

3

403

Warwick . .

37209

13

7

20

49

29

16

13

4°4

Stratford-on-Avon

20202

1

I

2

l6

14

8

6

405

Alcester . . .

16838

1

• •

I

12

11

9

2

406

Shipston-on-Stour.

19687

1

• •

I

4

3

2

I

407

Southam .

9897

1

* *

I

13

12

7

5

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts . 15

7. North Midland Division.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera

DIARRHOEA .

1841

Males.

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

408

28. Leicestershire.
Lutterworth ....

16043

I

I

6

5

4

I

409

Market Harborough . .

15789

• .

• .

4

4

2

2

410

Billesdon

6810

I

I

3

2

I

I

411

Blaby

13699

• •

• •

• •

17

17

IO

7

412

Hinckley

15615

. •

. •

12

12

6

6

413

Market Bosworth. .

13600

I

» •

I

T

• •

. ft

• .

414

Ashby-de-la-Zouch . .

24234

3

I

4

13

9

4

5

415

Loughborough . . ,

24669

6

I

7

21

14

II

3

416

Barrow-on-Soar . . .

19695

I

I

2

9

7

4

3

417

Leicester

50853

2

* *

2

77

75

44

3i

418

Melton Mowbray .

19297

••

• •

••

8

8

5

3

419

29. Rutlandshire.
Oakham .....

11218

4

2

6

II

5

2

3

420

Uppingham ....

”933

3

• •

3

5

2

I

1

421

30. Lincolnshire.
Stamford

17063

I

I

6

5

2

3

422

Bourn

20382

4

3

7

15

8

4

4

423

Spalding

20009

I

I

2

24

22

8

14

424

Holbeach

16996

2

I

3

14

II

8

3

425

Boston. .....

34681

25

10

35

42

7

4

3

426

Sleaford

23233

I

I

2

19

17

8

9

427

Grantham

25615

4

. .

4

II

7

5

2

428

Lincoln

36110

6

I

7

49

42

18

24

429

Horncastle

23220

5

, ,

5

17

12

6

6

430

Spilsby

26753

I

• •

I

6

5

2

3

43i

Louth

29409

3

• •

3

8

5

3

2

432

Gaistor

27069

24

5

29

5i

22

12

IO

433

Glanford Brigg . . .

29829

12

14

26

46

20

7

23

434

Gainsborough ....

25857

no

136

246

309

63

32

32

435

31. Nottinghamshire.
East Retford ....

21376

9

12

21

29

8

5

3

436

Worksop

17977

2

• •

2

IO

8

3

5

437

Mansfield . . . • .

27627

2

3

5

13

8

4

4

438

Basford .....

59627

21

21

42

82

40

19

2 E

439

Radford

22473

4

3

7

46

39

15

24

440

Nottingham ....

53091

9

9

18

II 2

94

48

46

441

Southwell

25014

• •

, .

3

3

2

I

442

Newark

27350

14

14

28

50

22

14

8

443

Bingham

16196

7

7

14

30

l6

7

9

444

32. Derbyshire.
Shardlow

32629

3

3

6

25

19

9

10

445

Derby

35019

9

9

18

58

40

22

18

446

Belper ......

46233

2

I

3

25

22

9

23

447

Ashborne

21357

2

2

4

7

3

3

ft ft

448

Chesterfield ....

3938o

I

2

3

26

23

17

6

449

Bakewell

29393

. ,

I

I

7

6

4

2

450

Chapel-en-le-Frith . .

11687

3

I

4

5

I

I

• .

451

Hayfield

24093

8

2

IO

l6

6

2

4

16 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

8. North Western Division.

DISTRICTS.

Population,
184 r.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Clio1 era
and

Diarrhcca

DIARRHOEA.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

33. Cheshire.

452

Stockport

85678

36

36

72

237

165

83

82

453

Macclesfield ....

56035

19

16

35

8r

46

20

26

454

Altrincham

31019

5

2

7

26

19

13

6

455

Runcorn

22892

40

42

82

107

25

13

12

456

Northwich

29017

33

13

46

63

17

6

II

45 7

Cougleton

29037

I

I

15

24

8

6

45«

Nantwich

33841

93

83

l8l

198

17

7

IO

459

Great Houghton (Chester)

49097

54

37

91

132

41

21

20

460

VVirrall

317*4

71

68

*39

209

70

29

41

34. Lancashire.

46 r

Liverpool

223003

1895

2278

4U3

5154

981

459

522

462

West Derby ....

88680

488

647

ii35

1414

279

141

138

463

Prescot .....

43739

93

83

176

235

59

32

27

464

Ormskirk

34975

37

39

76

149

73

40

33

465

Wigan

66022

291

272

563

720

157

84

73

466

Warrington ....

33038

31

32

63

105

42

25

w

467

Leigh ••••••

28552

8

3

II

34

23

13

IO

468

Bolton

97529

73

50

123

228

105

56

49

469

Bury

77497

34

24

58

142

84

42

42

470

Worsley

9697

5

2

7

10

3

2

I

47i

Chorlton

93726

122

158

280

385

3°5

156

149

472

Salford .....

70224

98

139

237

498

261

hi

120

473

Manchester ....

192403

374

504

878

1643

765

4°4

361

474

Ashton

101605

42

26

68

184

Il6

59

57

475

Oldham

72408

24

17

4i

115

74

34

40

476

Rochdale .....

60578

17

6

23

77

54

25

29

477

Haslingden ....

41290

4

3

7

38

3i

19

12

478

Burnley .....

54202

20

12

32

59

27

17

IO

479

Clitheroe

23017

12

II

23

37

D

6

8

480

Blackburn ....

75088

24

21

45

131

86

47

39

481

Chorley

38836

20

8

28

43

15

7

8

482

Preston

77201

12

21

33

2or

168

86

82

483

Fylde ......

20940

2

2

4

13

9

4

5

484

Garstaug .....

13007

• •

I

I

5

4

I

3

485

Lancaster

34760

42

52

94

133

39

22

17

486

Ulverstone

26747

2

I

3

21

18

6

12

9. York Division.

35. West Riding.

I

487

Sedbergh

4836

. .

• .

• .

. .

. .

• •

. .

488

Settle

14096

• •

• •

• •

7

7

3

4

489

Skipton

28735

3

4

7

11

4

3

I

490

Pateley Bridge ...

7999

2

• •

2

5

3

I

2

49 1

Ripon

18901

I

2

3

16

13

10

3

492

Knaresborough

27253

33

20

53

92

39

20

19

493

Otley

27080

4

2

6

12

6

4

2

494

Keighley

36167

5

2

7

21

14

6

8

495

Todmorden ....

31656

8

4

12

36

24

I I

13

496

Saddleworlh ....

16829 |

2

3

5

10

5

I

4

497

Huddersfield ....

IO9OIC

33

19

52

123

7i

40

31

49 b

Halifax

109073

17

10

27

73

46

17

29

499

Bradford

132161

213

213

426

670

244

112

132

500

Hunslet

79955

433

451

884

1004

120

58

62

50i

Leeds ......

88741

649

790

H39

1706

267

124

143

502

Dewsbury

60709 1

III

“3

224

296

72

37

35

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts. 17

g. York Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

*

Population,

184 1.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera
and

Diarrhoea

DLARRHCEA.

Males.

Fern.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

35. West Riding— contii

ued.

503

Wakefield

45646

145

96

241

314

73

38

35

504

Pontefract .....

34328

64

70

r34

171

37

22

15

505

Ecclesfield ....

39506

53

46

99

120

21

10

II

506

Wnrtlev

23215

3

2

5

15

10

6

4

507

Ecclesall Bierlow , . .

31625

20

l6

36

' 83

47

23

24

508

Sheffield .....

85293

60

54

1 14

323

209

III

98

509

Rotherham ....

28785

20

10

30

62

32

2r

II

510

Doncaster .....

32402

41

37

78

IIO

32

16

l6

5ii

Thorne

15316

42

28

70

82

12

5

7

512

Goole ......

12529

36

38

74

100

26

10

l6

513

Selby

15102

54

58

1 1 2

130

18

7

II

514

Tadeaster .....

19565

5

13

1 8

20

2

1

I

36. East Riding (with

York.)

515

York . •

47778

82

92

174

234

60

32

28

516

Pocklington ....

15428

25

12

37

46

9

4

5

5*7

Howden .....

14263

39

19

58

66

8

5

3

518

Beverley

18954

12

8

20

23

3

2

I

5i9

Seulcoates .....

36217

297

359

656

800

144

74

70

520

Hull

41 150

57 r

607

1178

1372

x94

91

103

521

Patrington

8680

4

• •

4

4

• •

• •

• •

522

Skirlaugh

9017

3

X

4

l6

12

6

6

523

Driffield

16828

I

I

2

6

4

4

• •

524

Bridlington ....

13061

5

3

8

12

4

I

3

37. North Riding.

525

Scarborough ....

21297

8

, ,

8

l6

8

2

6

526

Malton

21674

3

3

6

24

18

12

6

527

Easingwold ....

11279

I

I

4

3

• •

3

528

Thirsk

12723

4

4

8

13

5

2

3

529

Helmsley

12852

• .

6

6

3

3

530

Pickering .....

9689

• •

I

I

3

2

I

1

53i

Whitby

201 1 1

6

4

10

17

7

6

1

532

Guisborough ....

10535

2

I

3

5

2

I

1

533

Stokesley

8988

I

• •

I

I

• ,

• •

. .

534

Northallerton ....

12571

2

I

3

4

I

. •

1

535

Bedale

8613

I

T

2

4

2

I

1

536

Leyburn

9948

• .

. •

• •

I

I

I

• .

537

Askrigg

5725

I

• •

X

3

2

I

1

53k

Reeth • • • • • •

6758

. ,

• «

• • !

I

I

I

. ,

539

Richmond

13463

2

I

3

8

5

3

2

10. Northern Division.

38. Durham.

540

Darlington ....

21487

4

. .

4

5i

47

23

24

54i

Stockton .....

39915

I24

I24

24«j

310

62

32

30

542

Auckland

21988

4

4

8

23

15

8

7

543

Teesdale .....

19573

60

78

138

144

6

4

2

544

Weardale

10174

3

I

4

10

6

2

4

545

Durham .....

38853

94

98

192

232

40

l6

24

546

Easingtou

15740

41

31

72

81

9

2

7

547

Honghton-le-Spring .

16070

8

14

22

33

II

3

8

548

Chester-le-Street . . .

18357

58

76

134

144

10

I

9

549

Sunderland ....

56226

l6l

202

363

435

72

39

33

550

South Shields ....

28913

83

n8

201

367

66

26

40

551

Gateshead ....

38747

126

131

257

292

35

17

18

c

18 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

io. Northern Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera
and

Diarrhoea

DIARRHCEA.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

39. Northumberland.

552

Newcastle-upon-Tyne .

71844

147

148

295

412

227

6l

56

55 3

Tynemonth ....

55619

384

431

815

904

89

46

43

554

Castle Ward ....

14537

8

9

17

20

3

I

2

555

Hexham

27927

6

7

13

26

13

6

7

556

Ilaltwhistle ....

5949

2

2

4

2

2

557

Bellingham ....

7462

55«

Morpeth

14983

22

14

36

45

9

7

2

559

Alnwick

18799

60

82

142

159

27

9

8

560

Belford .....

6436

• •

3

3

7

4

• .

4

561

Berwick .....

20945

35

41

76

82

6

2

4

562

Glendale .....

14217

6

5

II

20

9

6

3

563

Rothhury

7297

40. Cumberland.

564

Alston

6062

• •

, ,

, ,

I

I

I

• •

565

Penrith

2 10 r 3

I

3

4

9

5

3

2

566

Brampton .....

10533

I

• .

I

4

3

2

I

567

Longtown .....

972 t

I

• .

I

I

• .

• •

• .

568

Carlisle • • • • •

36159

22

29

51

89

38

II

27

569

Wigton

23365

I

I

2

24

12

5

7

57°

Cuckermouth ....

35681

119

163

282

309

27

12

15

57i

Whitehaven ....

29988

33

46

79

117

38

25

23

572

Bootle • • • • • •

5516

41. Westmorland.

573

East Ward ....

13809

, #

I

I

I

• •

• •

, #

574

West Ward ....

7968

• .

• #

. •

I

I

I

• •

575

Kendal .....

34677

• *

••

• •

l6

l6

6

10

11. Welsh Division.

42. Monmouthshire.

576

Chepstow

16776

2

, ,

2

l6

14

12

2

577

Monmouth ....

25305

14

8

22

27

5

4

I

578

Abergavenny ....

50845

279

159

438

504

66

39

27

579

Pontypool .....

25038

45

34

69

78

9

2

7

580

Newport

33057

127

119

246

277

32

l6

15

43. SOUTH WALES.

Glamorganshire.

581

32557

206

190

396

472

75

43

32

582

Merthyr Tydfil . .

52863

884

798

1682

1779

97

53

44

583

Bridgend .....

21355

46

41

87

95

8

5

3

584

Neath ......

32626

353

385

738

799

61

28

33

585

Swansea

38649

103

J59

262

294

32

29

13

Carmarthenshire.

586

Llanelly

20182 1

20

25

45

56

11

6

5

587

Llandovery ....

14726 j

7

7

14

29

5

I

4

588

Llandilofawr ....

17128

23

27

40

43

3

I

2

589

Carmarthen ...

37523 1

57

85

142

162

20

9

II

19

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea in Districts.

ii. Welsh Division — continued.

DISTRICTS.

Population,

1841.

CHOLERA.

Total of
Cholera

DIARUHCEA.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

and

Diarrhoea

Total.

Males.

Fem.

No.

590

43. SOUTH WALES— cot
Pembrokeshire.
Narberth

itinued.

21748

6

7

13

19

6

4

2

59r

Pembroke .....

IQ67O

3

8

II

44

33

II

22

592

Haverfordwest

37139

5

8

13

27

14

8

6

593

Cardiganshire.
Cardigan

19903

I

I

I

594

Newcastle- in-Emlyn . .

20863

. .

• .

. .

595

Lampeter

9865

2

I

3

6

3

I

2

596

Aberavron

12875

. .

, ,

• .

. a

. •

597

Aberystwith ....

22242

• •

. ,

, .

I

I

. c

I

598

Tregaron

10254

599

Brecknockshire.
Builfh

8714

I

I

2

I

I

600

Brecknock

17701

5

2

7

14

7

6

I

601

Crickhowell ....

17676

58

37

95

hi

l6

12

4

602

Hay ......

11329

I

■ •

I

2

I

••

I

603

Kadnorshire.
Presteigne

15 739

6

6

4

2

604

Knighton

9 3 1 5

2

. ,

2

3

I

I

, ,

605

Rhayader

6722

••

••

• •

I

I

I

••

606

44. NORTH WALES.
Montgomeryshire.
Machynlleth ....

12307

• •

I

I

I

607

Newtown

26016

5

3

8

18

10

5

5

608

Montgomery ....

20983

l6

21

37

42

5

4

I

609

Llanf) Ilia

20450

2

2

4

6

2

I

I

610

Flintshire.

Holywell

40798

43

43

86

112

26

17

9

6rr

Denbighshire
Wrexham .....

39558

4

I

5

25

20

12

8

6r 3

Ruthin

16609

I

• .

I

3

2

I

I

G13

St. Asaph

23547

2

2

4

l6

12

n

5

6r4

Llanrwst

12322

••

••

X

I

I

••

615

Merionethshire.
Cor we 11

15089

2

I

3

4

I

I

616

Bala .*••••

6953

• .

• .

. .

2

2

• .

2

617

Dol^elly • • • • •

I32II

618

Festiniog

15460

I

• •

I

4

3

2

I

619

Carnarvonshire.
Pwllheli

21637

2

2

5

3

3

• •

620

Carnarvon

28509

12

9

21

26

5

2

3

621

Bangor. .....

25901

5

I

6

8

2

I

I

622

Conway

10706

••

• •

••

3

3

2

I

623

Anglesey.

Anglesey

38106

29

37

66

69

3

2

I

c 2

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea on each Day .

20

ENGLAND : — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea,

Causes

Total

DAYS OF

Total.

of

of each

Death.

Cause.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Year 1849 .

72l8o|

Choi.

53293

1725

1976

1830

1918

2019

2027

1901

1867

1929

1958

Diarrh.

18887

585

625

578

614

634

589

616

662

654

672

January . . .

1468 J

Choi.

658

13

*9

28

24

23

39

25

35

26

23

1

Diarrh.

810

29

*7

36

21

34

23

25

36

4*

25

February .

1069 )

Choi.

37*

20

*4

l6

*7

12

l6

20

13

l6

25

l

Diarrh.

698

24

34

25

20

36

28

21

25

30

*7

March

IOIO J

Choi.

302

10

4

8

6

7

7

8

6

5

II

l

Diarrh.

708

23

25

25

21

26

*3

34

*9

26

21

April ....

773 <}

Choi.

107

3

6

4

4

4

2

7

••

8

3

1

Diarrh.

666

16

24

l6

*7

21

23

20

27

23

26

May . . . .

1048 J

Choi.

327

4

6

3

5

7

7

8

II

6

8

1

Diarrh.

721

20

27

23

26

3*

21

23

*9

22

25

June ....

2972 |

Choi.

2046

30

24

38

52

5°

44

87

58

75

60

Diarrh.

926

21

28

23

22

22

21

21

30

3*

43

July ....

•

9694 j

Choi.

7570

96

144

103

**3

95

107

130

130

166

207

(

Diarrh.

2 r 24

48

43

42

32

42

4*

43

63

48

43

August . . .

•

I947I |

Choi.

15872

376

395

306

370

367

366

300

363

337

496

Diarrh.

3599

77

92

82

98

8*

96

u8

100

94

97

September

•

25307 |

Choi.

20379

739

866

888

969

rr2o

1121

1000

992

1058

891

Diarrh.

4928

148

166

*51

172

166

162

*45

194

192

218

October .

6898 |

Choi.

4654

380

432

377

294

281

267

263

215

*95

184

Diarrh.

2244

112

114

99

121

109

**3

*13

93

82

98

November

1715 |

Choi.

844

48

6l

49

56

46

44

47

37

30

42

Diarrh.

871

36

33

35

45

47

25

33

37

33

39

December

755 J

Choi.

163

6

5

10

8

7

7

6

7

7

8

1

Diarrh.

592

3*

22

21

*9

*9

23

20

*9

32

20

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea on each Day .

21

1 each Day of each of the 12 Months of 1849.

E

MONTH.

r

12

13

14

15

l6

!7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

31

33

1811

2035

1930

1819

1811

1640

1714

1606

1565

1460

1333

1466

2455

1662

1516

1560

1627

1548

1610

IO72

35

630

630

639

648

717

647

641

663

623

626

613

6ll

590

599

561

561

582

576

570

326

12

26

21

r7

*7

23

14

9

l6

12

19

l6

36

27

27

24

29

l6

20

22

20

25

21

24

21

20

34

22

31

26

27

29

29

17

28

24

23

25

22

3°

18

27

[I

5

20

5

13

8

13

17

8

l6

8

15

II

II

12

12

9

8

.

.

.

53

l6

36

22

18

29

20

20

28

24

21

29

23

29

24

26

24

26

•

•

•

28

l6

14

9

9

H

II

l6

13

II

9

8

6

7

10

6

8

10

8

4

13

II

23

25

19

24

3°

25

21

20

21

3°

25

21

21

21

29

26

25

27

19

22

2

4

3

.

5

3

9

3

4

2

4

2

2

2

2

.

5

6

3

5

•

'7

T7

21

24

26

26

25

22

29

20

27

23

24

23

23

l6

24

23

35

28

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7

4

7

2

8

9

8

15

13

6

II

5

8

9

13

29

23

29

22

l6

38

*3

22

27

27

21

29

20

18

18

27

23

24

22

20

18

23

l6

28

31

26

21

77

77

84

66

59

78

60

75

77

64

58

55

64

82

76

83

84

86

I24

99

.

23

32

33

43

33

27

32

25

35

29

27

41

36

37

26

29

36

37

44

39

)2

2or

210

278

281

333

288

316

322

3i9

348

276

271

272

340

327

327

321

306

376

375

;o

48

54

57

62

7i

70

100

71

85

88

94

IO9

89

99

85

95

94

82

81

95

70

527

647

674

604

583

515

549

520

560

518

465

549

575

664

590

579

701

623

613

570

4

107

95

134

n8

137

I42

I29

171

148

239

118

146

ii4

122

117

108

124

145

138

128

}2

793

876

73i

717

644

615

604

554

47i

399

410

405

399

425

382

399

380

359

380

•

>7

217

i9i

182

207

216

165

165

160

148

255

153

136

147

151

128

128

120

108

I40

•

>9

124

120

Il6

82

86

70

83

58

76

70

60

92

64

80

59

9i

69

70

83

54

3o

79

81

71

65

66

75

62

63

47

52

5°

45

54

55

44

38

46

41

46

31

57

25

29

27

22

27

29

24

*7

18

23

14

l6

l6

17

10

24

9

9

II

.

25

30

25

27

28

25

3°

23

26

28

32

l6

29

23

l6

27

26

29

28

26

•

6

9

4

5

2

3

8

3

4

10

3

7

6

I

6

4

2

2

4

I

2

27

18

18

12

26

27

21

25

l6

19

15

21

23

15

20

14

15

18

15

9

2

22

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

2

Causes

Total

DIVISIONS.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OP

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

X

London . .

446 |

Choi.

292

2

8

8

l6

20

24

13

25

17

14

Diarrh.

154

4

2

3

4

7

6

6

7

10

3

2

South Eastern

IO9 |

Clwl.

21

.

.

•

•

.

2

2

I

•

2

Diarrh.

88

6

1

3

4

3

2

5

4

3

1

3

South Midland

88 |

Choi.

40

5

.

2

I

1

3

2

2

I

2

Diarrh.

48

•

•

4

I

1

I

•

2

4

2

4

Eastern . .

92 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

50

42

1

2

2

I

3

I

1

3

3

2

I

2

I

1

2

5

South Western

68 |

Choi.

6

Diarrh.

62

1

3

6

I

•

4

1

6

4

1

6

West Midland

118 1

Choi.

13

.

•

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

1

Diarrh.

105

4

I

5

3

8

3

6

7

2

4

7

North Midland

•

40 1

Clwl.

Diarrh.

4

36

1

2

2

I

I

2

1

•

1

8

North Weslern

•

148 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

l6

132

6

3

1

6

5

7

I

I

1

4

3

I

8

6

9

York . . .

•

135 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

64

7i

I

4

2

2

5

4

4

I

3

I

3

•

2

4

2

3

2

10

Northern . .

186 1

Choi.

147

4

7

6

2

.

3

5

4

3

3

Diarrh.

39

1

I

3

2

•

•

•

1

4

I

II

Welsh . . .

33 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

33

•

I

2

•

I

1

2

2

I

1

2

2

I

London • •

•

316 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

180

136

5

8

3

8

7

7

8

3

6

11

9

$

11

3

8

3

12

6

14

5

2

South Eastern.

•

60 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

52

2

I

3

•

I

I

I

3

2

3

•

I

2

I

3

3

South Midland

67 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

54

I

I

4

J

2

2

4

1

2

3

1

2

2

•

2

4

Eastern . .

43 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

15

28

3

2

I

•

2

2

2

I

2

1

I

•

1

2

5

South Western

45 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

4r

I

I

I

4

•

3

•

1

2

•

•

4

1

6

West Midland

111 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

105

6

4

4

4

4

4

2

I

4

6

7

North Midland

32 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

28

I

I

I

1

3

I

1

1

1

3

8

North Weslern

•

r47 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

134

I

6

I

6

2

2

1

3

4

5

1

3

7

3

1

1

9

York ...

76)

Choi.

Diarrh.

18

58

3

4

2

I

1

I

3

1

2

2

I

4

2

1

1

10

Northern . .

•

128 |

Choi.

Diarrl).

105

23

4

7

1

2

I

5

•

3

6

2

5

2

2

4

1

7

1

n

Welsh ...

•

44 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

39

I

2

2

1

2

4

1

•

1

1

mm

on each Day of January and February ,

/Holera and Diarrhcea.

JANUARY.

IE

MONTH.

[I

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3i

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13

12

6

6

7

4

2

7

5

7

5

8

6

7

7

5

6

4

9

7

5

7

6

I

4

8

4

5

6

5

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7

3

6

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1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

DIVISIONS.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

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Cause.

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1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

Cause3

Total

DIVISIONS.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

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4

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No.

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IO

4

5

9

15

6

7

IO

7

12

I I

14

2

I

I

4

1

3

I

4

I

4

4

•

I

2

2

I

.

I

•

•

2

3

3

I

2

2

6

3

•

3

I

3

5

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

4

2

4

5

5

3

2

7

3

3

3

2

2

2

3

2

2

I

2

2

: •

•

I

I

•

•

2

•

•

I

•

2

I

1

4

2

I

2

2

3

;[ 8

34

28

17

19

24

18

15

22

15

20

13

18

19

17

21

l6

17

33

33

2

2

2

*

4

2

I

4

1

2

2

4

I

1

•

I

•

4

2

2

28

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea , in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

DIVISIONS.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2 1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

i

London . . .

3239 {

Choi-

Diarrh.

2555

684

19

12

37

14

30

10

20

3

21

10

29

8

35

14

34

12

45

19

67

11

2

South Eastern

I077 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

928

149

7

3

6

1

6

6

7

5

10

1

13

4

8

3

16

8

29

3

26 . |

3

South Midland .

*»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

120

57

I

I

2

2

3

2

1

2

4

1

3

2

4

2

2

3

2

1

4

Eastern . . .

97 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

38

59

:

•

1

2

3

1

2

1

2

1

1

5

I

1

1

5

South Western

622 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

524

98

6

2

8

2

5

2

6

2

3

2

2

1

5

2

6

4

6

i-

4

6

West Midland

547 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

399

148

4

5

5

1

8

1

5

4

5

3

7

4

12

5

5

6

15

4

11

4

7

North Midland .

65 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

11

54

3

•

3

1

1

1

1

3

3

8

North Western

2257 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

1628

629

28

15

5i

15

30

11

40

9

28

17

35

12

37

10

29

15

29

13

34

9

9

York ....

322 |

Clwl.

Diarrh.

183

239

3

2

6

4

4

4

2

3

2

1

3

3

5

4

8

4

10

Northern .

136 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

83

53

3

3

5

4

•

6

1

1

4

2

3

2

I

I

r

3

II

Welsh ....

lr55 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

nor

54

28

1

28

2

17

2

25

23

15

3

23

2

3i

2

34

3

40

'

I

London . . .

6361 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

5368

993

142
i 29

123

36

98

29

138

27

127

3°

96

25

no

29

128

38

104

20

1:4

32

2

Suuth Eastern

1414 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

IIII

303

1 25
! 4

28

4

30

6

3i

9

41

12

3i

12

21

H

22

10

29

9

36

1 I

3

South Midland .

453 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

352

IOI

;

4

4

3

1

7

5

10

2

4

3

8

2

5

4

10

2

17

2

4

Eastern . . .

310 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

19 r
119

i 2
! ^

5

2

6

5

2

3

5

2

3

4

2

3

6

3

3

3

5

South Western

1738 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1542

196

! 38

i 5

44

3

34

2

35

6

38

3

56

4

30

10

39

2

32

2

()2

12

6

West Midland

1296 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

953

343

13
1 2

17

9

16

3

8

11

11

4

11

9

12

*3

17

7

19

13

20

5

7

North Midland .

363 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2+1

122

1

2

3

3

2

4

2

3

3

12

2

3

3

2

2

5

8

1

8

Northwestern

3f'39 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2686

953

83

19

80

23

57

31

61

29

59

23

58

31

50

31

76

26

80

24

108

33

9

York ....

1526 |

Choi.

Diarrh;

I26j

263

10
! 5

7

3

11

3

9

4

13

2

20

4

17

8

9

6

9

9

20

4

IO

Northern . . .

626 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

493

133

*

7

3

3

1

3

1

3

1

8

3

7

3

2

I

5

4

ro

3

II

Welsh ....

1745 {

1 Choi.
Diarrh.

1672

73

1 57

1 1

77

2

46

1

72

1

60

1

65

I

39

4

60

I

41

3

88

1

on each Day of July and Auyust,

29

!holera ancl Diarrhoea — continued.

JULY

.

HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

58

46

79

91

97

1 21

79

84

IOI

120

126

IO9

IO4

95

123

rr4

109

227

I 2 I

172

152

12

14

l6

15

24

24

28

28

27

32

29

34

45

35

32

39

33

28

24

24

29

27

4i

3°

44

42

51

36

57

50

43

52

29

33

3i

35

29

.42

27

33

34

35

5

3

6

5

2

3

5

8

5

6

5

7

5

3

6

4

9

7

6

5

7

4

6

I

5

3

6

6

4

7

2

8

3

6

4

8

5

2

4

3

6

3

3

•

2

2

1

I

2

7

2

•

I

I

2

I

3

I

1

2

2

6

1

I

I

I

2

.

2

I

•

1

•

I

I

3

3

•

2

1

2

I

8

I

3

2

2

I

3

2

3

I

•

I

•

2

3

•

3

I

3

3

7

I

2

13

IO

II

27

22

14

24

24

27

17

27

21

23

20

25

24

36

20

21

34

30

I

2

2

I

2

6

3

4

4

6

3

I

4

6

9

3

2

5

4

4

5

IO

9

II

l6

26

25

14

14

24

13

21

12

II

12

25

26

11

23

9

5

25

4

3

3

2

5

4

2

7

4

3

6

5

7

7

9

3

8

8

4

8

9

I

#

•

«

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

2

I

•

.

I

3

2

I

■

2

4

3

I

2

4

1

3

I

2

2

2

2

3

45

46

49

54

48

55

7°

77

66

81

62

55

56

59

69

68

70

64

67

60

66

r7

18

15

19

19

1 6

21

3i

l6

22

34

32

27

32

27

27

32

25

22

23

29

5

7

5

4

11

7

6

9

6

8

II

8

8

IO

7

5

8

13

7

8

8

3

3

5

4

3

10

3

12

7

5

4

7

8

3

2

3

4

6

3

4

4

3

3

I

I

3

1

3

2

I

2

2

3

I

5

2

3

4

3

•

6

7

2

•

•

2

1

2

3

•

I

6

3

I

2

I

I

I

•

2

7

2

3

f5

32

22

44

29

50

48

44

49

33

39

35

25

33

46

52

43

48

43

42

57

•

3

2

3

•

2

*

•

I

2

2

2

2

I

4

2

I

6

I

2

3

AUGUST

7

166

214

204

185

173

151

155

168

214

193

158

180

203

24O

220

249

280

238

243

187

3

30

21

32

30

35

25

42

42

40

37

27

51

32

27

46

29

28

39

35

28

3

51

44

73

45

49

30

28

36

29

29

28

39

39

42

46

35

33

37

37

34

3

8

9

14

13

8

IO

7

9

9

9

II

15

IO

IO

4

12

IO

II

15

15

8

4

12

IO

IO

l6

12

9

9

23

8

12

14

15

18

l6

19

r8

18

14

28

2

3

I

4

6

2

4

I

4

4

8

I

3

3

6

3

3

3

2

2

7

2

4

9

5

3

11

7

4

6

5

4

3

12

25

10

9

9

12

8

IO

7

I

I

5

3

4

3

4

5

7

8

4

I

2

2

7

7

3

2

7

12

3

3

67

89

6l

54

60

54

68

54

47

49

42

54

48

50

51

38

50

38

49

38

6

6

4

IO

6

9

12

7

II

5

5

13

5

4

8

5

3

IO

7

7

4

1

25

26

50

3°

30

42

39

42

32

36

29

44

36

42

35

35

58

52

58

47

5

12

7

15

7

IO

21

7

20

l6

l6

19

13

15

II

14

12

24

14

IO

9

D

5

7

18

20

14

6

17

8

7

5

12

4

4

13

6

24

9

8

5

8

I

I

8

6

7

6

7

3

9

7

5

3

3

2

4

I

5

9

8

5

2

3

IOI

135

ns

129

98

100

103

95

80

64

87

85

81

98

87

66

83

75

77

94

1

3°

25

34

28

40

35

46

50

39

32

28

35

29

27

27

24

3°

36

29

33

ji+

24

45

45

35

41

50

47

49

56

57

46

52

60

74

65

56

76

73

82

72

It-

7

8

11

8

1 6

II

5

II

12

24

II

9

8

8

6

IO

II

13

15

27

2

24

12

21

13

13

12

15

4

13

20

20

23

27

3°

21

27

49

46

22

27

5

5

3

6

3

13

5

4

4

5

4

7

5

11

3

3

3

8

6

6

2

66

54

69

80

78

51

64

49

64

53

38

42

47

47

34

32

33

30

l6

29

4

2

2

3

5

•

I

5

4

5

•

3

4

3

1

4

4

*

2

4

30

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

DIVISIONS.

Total .

of

of each

DAY OP

Death.

Cause.

I

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

i

London . . .

6043 |

Choi.

5031

250

282

316

336

324

297

284

321

299

264

Diarrh.

1012

42

38

37

42

41

44

34

42

34

47

Choi.

3? 8

2

South Eastern. •

1341 {

927

37

51

45

58

5°

48

52

50

50

40

Diarrh.

414

10

IO

12

18

IO

22

15

25

21

18

3

South Midland

826 |

Choi.

584

20

26

24

24

26

27

35

27

30

17

Diarrh.

242 j

7

8

9

4

23

I

3

12

6

12

4

Eastern . . .

671 1

Choi.

453 1

18

23

21

18

23

30

22

21

20

26

Diarrh.

218

6

5

8

4

7

7

23

5

IO

6

5

South Western .

1798 |

Choi.

1554 1

55

76

67

56

65

77

73

62

80

64

Diarrh.

2^4 1

7

4

8

8

6

7

8

9

8

12

6

West Midland. .

3274 {

Choi.

2609

64

92

95

130

142

243

no

r39

128

105

Diarrh.

665

13

24

18

26

24

24

14

24

29

27

7

North Midland

396 |

Choi.

199

8

9

7

8

29

12

9

7

9

6

Diarrh.

197

4

5

7

7

7

7

5

3

9

6

8

North Western .

3916 |

Choi.

2970

98

no

irg

108

1 63

164

I 2 I

232

125

1 12

Diarrh.

946

40

33

25

3i

32

33

23

33

34

46

9

York ....

4367 |

Choi.

Diarrh,

3706

G61

roi

13

K> O
W-» 00

IO?

12

149

20

215

27

219

21

*97

22

177

28

215

27

162

36

10

Northern . . .

^03 {

Choi.

i486

46

52

47

37

55

54

40

30

48

54

Diarrh.

217

4

IO

9

6

9

2

3

24

IO

5

II

Weis!) ....

972 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

860

1 1 2

42

2

37

6

40

6

45

6

43

50

4

58

37

5

54

4

41

3

I

Loudon ...

632 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

337

295

41

16

55

20

32

23

22

20

28

l6

20

l6

23

19

13

II

II
I I

16

10

2

South Eastern .

301 |

Choi.

142

8

11

l6

8

6

IO

10

IO

II

9

Diarrh.

259

3

12

II

4

8

3

3

6

8

7

3

South Midland

423 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

285

133

l6

5

16

5

24

4

21

*3

II

7

15

9

16

7

10

6

12

3

10

8

4

Eastern .

214 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

103

III

6

8

4

6

12

5

6

5

6

6

3

1

5

5

7

4

4

5

5

5

South Western .

659 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

530

129

42

6

32

3

29

5

32

5

24

3

25

4

43

7

33

4

29

4

2}

6

6

West Midland .

II83 j

Choi.

829

64

88

91

54

62

58

47

43

43

39

Diarrh.

354

22

21

17

23

24

13

17

14

10

*3

7

North Midland

160 |

Choi.

57

I

I

3

I

3

3

3

1

I

3

Diarrh.

103

3

6

s

2

I

6

5

6

2

23

8

North Western .

1087 {

Choi.

646

50

75

60

46

43

26

29

27

21

35

Diarrh.

44i

26

13

27

18

24

27

16

22

15

22

9

Yoik ....

Il8l |

Choi.

863

76

74

58

52

52

47

46

31

36

29

Diarrh.

318

24

18

8

29

l6

»7

23

J 2

17

12

IO

Northern . .

82? /

Choi.

C95

59

61

38

42

42

48

29

30

28

28

Diarih.

130

5

6

8

I I

12

IO

8

5

6

4

n

Welsh ....

Choi.

D arrh.

167

66

17

4

l6

4

25

6

IO

I

4

2

12

2

12

3

10

3

9

1

7

on each Day of September and October.

31

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

SEPTEMBER.

'HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

27

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

31

126

192

217

156

253

120

131

IO9

119

89

69

75

72

62

63

46

57

38

41

44

39

46

38

43

46

41

33

3°

30

25

26

3°

29

29

24

18

18

20

20

27

40

39

33

30

33

35

26

30

26

27

26

10

25

7

14

7

15

13

8

13

13

J7

24

12

23

18

1 1

I I

25

13

15

12

23

IO

15

14

13

7

IO

7

18

r7

l6

16

18

21

19

22

16

29

24

18

24

II

11

l6

l6

14

17

15

9

n

7

9

11

7

9

10

10

4

15

10

7

5

5

5

9

5

6

8

19

20

27

18

14

19

13

IO

14

IO

IO

8

5

II

7

7

6

6

9

8

8

25

II

6

II

10

7

3

11

9

5

10

7

4

3

8

5

4

•

IO

54

60

55

50

55

86

60

66

43

40

38

31

30

38

37

37

l6

25

34

24

12

8

8

5

12

l6

IO

8

7

II

II

9

II

3

5

9

5

7

6

4

98

120

98

101

III

79

89

70

68

66

54

56

47

6r

59

55

58

53

58

60

23

29

26

24

23

33

21

25

29

28

24

29

15

20

25

20

21

26

27

24

4

7

II

4

3

4

6

8

6

9

6

4

2

6

5

3

4

8

4

I

23

5

23

5

7

12

6

II

6

7

4

3

2

II

4

2

9

4

4

4

10

109

239

125

93

89

83

97

94

59

67

70

63

72

77

67

78

80

73

70

50

43

40

32

39

40

32

41

27

22

27

34

28

30

35

24

24

l6

22

20

32

142

187

113

122

1 12

102

12 I

107

95

67

86

92

83

84

84

90

96

64

78

Ip 7

27

29

33

26

26

2C

28

24

l8

20

15

27

20

25

19

1 7

17

18

26

>6

58

56

74

76

53

6l

55

35

40

37

39

56

39

57

43

47

36

39

56

8

9

IO

9

6

II

II

5

6

8

6

6

4

IO

6

5

6

IO

2

7

15

29

47

44

39

26

25

j6

26

27

II

23

II

IO

II

17

12

11

12

II

5

7

5

4

3

2

5

3

5

3

2

5

3

5

4

4

I

4

3

3

CTOBER

■

’4

7

9

5

7

3

3

2

2

I

4

I

2

3

4

2

5

2

I

9

12

6

4

7

10

7

9

7

7

6

5

7

4

7

8

6

7

4

6

5

3

4

4

5

2

I

3

1

3

I

2

I

.

I

2

X

i

2

2

I

3

'7

4

5

8

3

3

3

6

3

7

3

2

4

6

5

3

7

3

3

2

2

9

8

II

9

8

9

5

3

4

5

5

2

IO

4

7

7

6

10

2

7

3

7

4

3

3

7

5

7

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I

3

5

I

•

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5

2

•

5

5

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4

5

6

•

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I

.

4

I

3

1

3

I

3

•

•

3

1

3

6

5

3

4

4

4

4

3

4

1

2

2

4

2

3

•

7

4

I

•

9

10

6

12

9

27

4

10

4

29

7

IO

12

12

12

8

9

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13

l6

9

8

4

7

2

6

3

9

1

2

3

5

3

5

3

I

3

2

5

2

6

2

0

27

19

20

27

12

5

9

8

9

JO

13

IO

7

8

II

IO

7

7

7

4

8

10

23

18

8

15

18

11

9

7

6

9

• 9

13

II

4

4

6

6

12

3

2

•

4

I

2

I

1

1

2

2

3

4

I

1

3

2

•

I

2

1

3

16

3

6

I

3

3

2

3

3

2

5

I

4

2

2

I

•

I

2

2

2

: 9

II

l6

9

7

IO

24

24

IO

7

10

8

18

4

12

7

12

6

8

14

8

4

27

17

l6

II

12

12

24

19

9

7

23

7

9

IO

II

IO

5

5

4

9

u

26

27

21

12

13

13

13

14

19

14

24

21

12

l6

II

34

14

l6

18

II

f

II

23

23

10

8

10

11

IO

I

7

8

5

7

9

5

2

5

5

4

4

8

20

24

24

14

12

II

20

9

IO

7

6

15

17

l6

7

12

12

14

13

9

4

5

3

3

5

2

•

•

3

2

2

5

•

1

2

3

2

I

5

5

2

3

7

5

4

4

4

.

•

I

3

4

•

.

2

I

•

2

I

4

2

3

*

3

3

*

I

I

3

*

3

2

4

I

2

2 J

I

I

5

I

*

2

I

32

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, in Divisions,

Divisions : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

:

DIVISIONS.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

I

London . .

•

127 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

20

IO?

•

4

3

3

I

4

1

6

1

7

•

2

5

•

5

3

1

2

8

2

South Eastern.

6o |

Choi.

6

.

2

.

•

.

•

.

•

•

1

Uiarrh.

54

I

4

1

5

1

•

5

1

1

1

3

South Midland

•

141 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

8l

60

2

I

6

3

7

2

5

3

4

2

2

2

5

2

4

4

5

2

5

2

4

Eastern

39 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

4

35

I

I

2

I

•

1

5

4

.

I

I

2

.

3

5

South Western

255 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

208

47

8

2

8

10

3

18

4

*3

1

7

2

13

1

7

3

12

2

12

2

6

West Midland

274 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

138

136

n

7

II

2

7

5

6

2

12

9

9

3

9

5

7

6

2

5

7

9

7

North Midland

64 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

28

36

1

2

3

1

2

3

2

2

3

2

I

2

I

2

3

8

North Western

229 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

69

160

4

5

6

5

4

10

4

12

5

8

3

5

3

7

6

8

1

2

2

3

9

Y ork .

285 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

145

140

13

7

IO

IO

11

5

7

n

5

7

10

5

8

6

4

5

4

11

7

4

IO

Northern . .

259 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

113

46

6

2

9

3

6

2

9

4

•

9

2

5

6

2

3

4

4

2

II

Welsh . . .

82 {

Choi.

32

2

I

3

3

•

1

.

•

.

2

Diarrh.

5°

4

I

1

i

5

2

I

1

i

2

—

I

London . . .

71 {

'Choi.

Diarrh.

2

69

5

2

5

1

2

I

2

3

1

3

•

2

South Eastern.

42 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

40

2

2

3

1

1

5

1

1

6

•

3

South Midland .

64 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

56

4

3

1

1

1

•

•

I

3

2

2

2

3

1

3

4

Eastern

30 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

I

29

2

•

r

•

•

1

2

•

1

3

1

1

5

South Western .

87 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

38

59

3

2

1

2

2

4

4

3

1

4

2

4

2

3

2

5

6

West Midland

139 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3i

108

1

6

a

I

3

3

4

1

4

2

2

1

3

1

3

1

5

2

4

7

North Midland

46 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

18

38

1

2

1

1

4

2

2

1

1

2

8

Northwestern .

”4 {1

Choi.

Diarrh.

O >-
OO O'

7

I

4

4

5

1

2

3

1

3

1

2

1

1

5

I

4

9

York ....

93 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

38

55

X

2

1

5

2

2

1

2

2

1

2

3

1

4

2

1

2

2

2

IO

Northern . .

41 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

l6

26

1

I

•

I

I

1

•

1

•

2

1

II

Welsh ....

27 {'

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

J4

1

I

•

•

I

1

2

1

1

•

•

33

on each Day of November and December,

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

NOVEMBER-

THE MONTH.

-

ir

12

13

14

15

16

I7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

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2

I

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2

2

5

4

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3

2

6

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4

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3

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4

DECEMBER.

.

I

4

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3

\

3

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3

2

•

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•

3

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10

3

3

4

3

4

5

3

3

2

4

I

•

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•

3

2

6

2

•

2

3

3

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3

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= 1

D

34

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties: — Deaths from Cholera

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause,

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

i. London.

Middlesex ( part of) .

194 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

100

94

I

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

4

5

6

3

2

7

2

3

6

I

3

Surrey ( part of) . .

240 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

189

51

I

3

7

1

7

1

14

2

18

2

19

10

4

18

5

14

3

13

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . J

12 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

9

1

•

•

1

•

•

•

I

•

No.

2. South Eastern
Division.

I

Surrey ( part of)

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

6

.

1

•

.

.

•

•

.

2

Kent (part of) . .

38 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

29

2

1

1

•

2

1

1

2

I

1

3

Sussex .....

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

*9

1

•

.

*

1

•

•

4

Hampshire ....

21 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

18

1

•

2

1

I

2

1

•

2

1

5

Berkshire . . .

22 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

16

3

1

1

•

2

I

2

2

•

•

1

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (part of)

18 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

10

•

1

•

1

•

1

7

Hertfordshire .

29 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

23

6

3

2

1

1

1

3

2

2

1

2

2

8

Buckinghamshire . .

Choi.

Diarih.

3

5

1

•

I

9

Oxfordshire ....

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

•

•

1

•

1

10

Northamptonshire .

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

.

•

•

1

II

Huntingdonshire .

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

•

•

•

I 2

Bedfordshire . .

>t

Choi.

Dianh.

I

4

.

•

•

•

i3

Cambridgeshire

.

.12 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

7

1

1

1

1

•

2

in Counties, on each Day of January,
and Diarrhoea on each Day of each Month.

JANUARY.

35

THE MONTH.

Cl

12

13

15

16

17

18

r9

20 |
1

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3r

5

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I

3

2

I

I

2

4

3

4

I

5

5

5

3

. 5

6

3

6

6

I

7

3

I

I

5

2

I

4

4

3

3

I

6

I

3

2

1

6

3

7

7

9

II

3

4

6

3

•

3

2

3

4

3

I

2

4

. .

1

I

I

2

3

•

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3

2

2

2

I

I

3

I

•

2

2

2

.*

2

2

2

•

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2

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•

•

•

•

•

I

I

-

I

•

I

I

•

I

•

•

2

•

•

•

t

•

I

I

I

•

1

I

•

.

I

I

I

•

I

•

I

•

I

•

•

*

#

.

1

•

2

•

I

•

I

•

#

3

%

e

•

I

•

.

.

•

•

*

•

I

•

•

1

36

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

1 1

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

4. Eastern Division.

No.

14

Essex

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

12

I

#

1

•

1

I

•

•

I

•

15

Suffolk

2° {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

15

•

I

1

•

2

•

•

I

I

l6

Norfolk

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

33

15

I

I

I

I

1

1

1

2

2

I

•

2

I

5. South Western

Division.

17

Wiltshire . • .

17 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

16

I

I

1

1

I

I

.

18

Dorsetshire ....

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

5

I

I

19

Devonshire ....

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

11

:

3

I

I

•

20

Cornwall ....

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

8

•

#

1

I

I

I

21

Somersetshire ...

22 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

22

1

1

2

2

3

I

6. West Midland

Division.

22

Gloucestershire

'A

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

13

I

•

1

2

2

I

23

Herefordshire . . .

2 1

Choi

Diarrh.

2

•

•

• ,

.

24

Shropshire ....

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

6

•

•

.

•

2

25

Staffordshire . . .

43 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

42

I

1

1

1

5

I

3

2

•

•

1

2

26

Worcestershire . .

12 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

•

12

•

•

1

1

•

•

I

27

Warwickshire ...

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

30

•

0

•

•

1

3

2

1

2

I

I

I

I

7. North Midland

•

Division.

28

Leicestershire . .

7 i

Choi.

Dianh.

I

6

.

.

•

.

•

.

I

.

.

•

29

Rutlandshire . . ,

i{l

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

37

in Counties, on each Day of January .

38

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

30

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . .

Clwl.

Diarrh.

I

l6

2

1

I

•

3i

Nottinghamshire .

8{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

7

I

•

•

2

•

•

*

•

•

1

~ •

•

32

Derbyshire . . . •

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

5

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

13 \

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

12

I

•

.

1

2

I

•

.

I

.

34

Lancashire ....

*»<

Choi.

Diarrh.

15

120

5

3

1

6

4

5

I

1

4

3

I

7

6

9. York Division.

35

West Riding . .

i°9 {

Choi.

\ Diarrh.

48

61

1

2

2

I

2

3

4

3

I

3

I

3

2

2

2

36

East Riding (with York)

18 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

5

I

I

3

1

•

1

.

•

I

r

•

37

North Riding . . .

8{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3 1
5

I

•

•

•

I

• 1

10. Northern Division.

38

Durham ....

65 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5°

15

I

I

I

1

•

•

•

I

I

2

I

39

Northumberland . .

77 {

Choi. ■
Diarrh,

62

15

3

4

1

3

1

2

2

■

3

4

2

2

4

• '

40

Cumberland .

43 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

35

8

.

2

3

1

•

•

1

2

•

I

4i

Westmorland . . .

'{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

1

11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire . .

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

9 1

•

1

1

•

•

•

•

I

•

43

South Wales . . •

23 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

11 !i

1

1

•

X

1

2

1

I

•

I

44

North Wales . .

4

Choi.

Diarrh.

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

I

r

39

in Counties, on each Day of January.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

40

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties: — Deaths from (

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

r. London.

Middlesex {part of ) .

230 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

141

89

5

7

3

4

4

4

4

2

5

9

6

4

9

2

6

3

8

4

Surrey (jpart of) .

67 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

29

38

I

3

3

2

'2

1

1

2

3

1

2

1

2

3

2

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . J

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

9

•

I

1

2

•

•

•

•

1

No.

2. South Eastern
Division.

I

Surrey {part of) . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

5

I

I

•

•

1

.

•

2

Kent (part of) . . .

Clwl.

Diarrh.

1

10

I

I

1

#

.

I

1

3

Sussex

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

13

I

1

m

1

2

#

4

Hampshire ....

18 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

14

•

I

•

1

2

•

#

5

Berkshire ...»

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

•

•

•

•

•

1

1

1

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (part of) .

i° {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

8

•

2

1

1

1

1

1

•

•

7

Hertfordshire . . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

7

•

I

•

•

I

•

8

Buckinghamshire . .

■■1

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

9

I

I

1

'2

•

•

2

9

Oxfordshire . . .

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

•

6

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

10

Northamptonshire . .

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

8

•

•

•

1

•

1

1

1

•

II

Huntingdonshire . .

2 1

Choi

Diarrh.

1

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

12

Bedfordshire • . .

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

•

•

•

4

•

1

•

13

Cambridgeshire . •

*

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

12

•

I

1

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

41

in Counties , on each Day of February.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

FEBRUARY.

TOE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

5

2

8

I

5

I

4

5

4

10

2

8

2

5

4

7

3

4

4

5

4

I

2

3

2

2

2

4

I

5

3

•

2

I

4

3

I

2

I

2

I

2

•

,

•

I

I

.

.

.

I

I

-

I

2

2

•

3

•

I

3

I

•

■

2

2

2

I

2

I

I

I

I

.

•

•

•

I

,

•

.

•

2

3

I

•

I

•

I

■

•

'«

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

I

.

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

I

I

•

♦

•

•

I

I

•

•

2

I

#

I

.

I

.

.

•

•

•

I

•

I

I

•

2

*

2

I

I

•

I

•

I

I

I

•

2

*

•

I

•

•

r

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

m

•

•

I

2

I

•

•

I

I

•

1

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

I

•

•

•

•

m

,

•

•

1

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

#

I

•

•

•

•

•

t

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

*

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

0

•

•

.

.

I

•

•

2

I

•

2

I

I

I

42

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

1

-

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of eacli

DAY OF

Death.

• Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

No.

4. Eastern Division.

14

Essex .....

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

5

#

1

1

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

15

Suffolk

12 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

II

•

1

2

*

•

l6

Norfolk

21 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

12

3

1

2

1

2

1

•

I

•

5. South Western
Division.

17

Wiltshire ....

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

7

•

•

1

1

I

I

•

18

Dorsetshire ....

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

#

1

.

19

Devonshire ....

■>{

Choi

Diarrh.

1

14

1

r

•

#

3

20

Cornwall ....

4

Choi.

Diarrh.

i

3

21

Somersetshire . . .

16 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

16

| I

3

1

I

•

•

I

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire

24 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

23

: 2

.

•

1

•

I

I

23

Herefordshire . .

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

•

•

•

•

24

Shropshire ....

12 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

9

1

j .

1

1

.

\

25

Staffordshire . . .

46 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

46

2

1

3

4

2

3

#

4

4 j

26

Worcestershire .

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

6

1 .
.

1

,*

•

•

. 1

27

Warwickshire . . .

21 (

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

20

1

3

1

'•

I

1

7. Norto Midland
Division.

28

Leicestershire ...

2{

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

•

•

.

1

*

.

.

.

.

29

Rutlandshire . . .

"1

Choi.

Diarrh.

•

•

•

•

•

•

’I

*

.

43

in Counties , on each Day of February.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — coritinued.

FEBRUARY.

THE MONTH.

10

II

12

13

14

15

16

J7

18

i9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

•

I

I

•

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•-

I

•

I

I

2

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

2

I

•

•

I

*

'

I

•

I

2

I

•

#

'

'

2

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

«

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

I

.

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

.

•

•

•

•

■

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

2

I

•

3

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

«

*

I

%

•

#

I

•

•

2

•

2

«

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

2

I

•

I

•

2

•

3

I

I

I

•

•

I

3

•

I

2

•

I

I

I

I

•

.

•

•

•

•

•

. •

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

3

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

. *

•

I

I

•

I

2

3

I

I

I

•

2

.3

. 3.

2

3

I

•

I

.

.

•

•

•

•

•

.

’ •

«

•

•

I

I

•

•

*•

I

•

I

•

•

I

•

I

•

*

•

•

2

•

I

•

♦

3

I

2

3

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

*

•

•

*

•

*

#

•

•

•

44

1849. Deaths from. Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total of

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

o o

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . .

14 {

C'hol. '
Diarrh.

3

11

I

•

1

•

1

•

•

I

2

31

Nottinghamshire . .

1° |

Clwl.
Diai rh.

1

9

v

I

,

2

9

1

•

I

32

Derbyshire ....

6i

Diarrh.

6

•

•

1

•

•

I

•

•

•

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

13

I

.

1

•

•

I

1

•

*

34

Lancashire ....

133 {

Choi .
Diarrh.

12
I 2 I

I

5

1

6

2

1

1

3

.4

4

1

2

7

3

9. York Division.

35

West Riding . ,

63 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1*3

50

1

4

2

1

1

1

3

I

1

1

1

2

I

36

East Riding (with York)

“1

Choi.

Diairh.

4

7

1

•

#

•

1

1

2

I

37

North Riding . . .

2 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

1

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

10. Northern Division.

33

Durham. ....

76 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

67

9

’4

6

1

2

5

1

4

2

4

1

2

3

39

Northumberland .

38 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

31

7

1

•

•

2

•

1

I

I

40

Cumberland » . .

12 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

5

•

•

•

•

2

•

•

I

41

Westmorland '. •

11. Welsh Division.

2 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

42

Monmouthshire . .

8{

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

.

.

1

•

1

.

.

.

•

43

South Wales • .

27 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

22

#

1

1

1

3

1

I

44

North Wales . . .

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

1

2

•

•

* i

1

•

•

•

in Counties, on each Day of February. 45

46

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties

: — Deaths from

Causes

Total

N

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

T!

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

II

i. London.

Middlesex (part of) .

96 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

31

65

5

3

I

4

1

2

2

1

2

I

2

2

2

2

I

3

1

2

2

Surrey (part of) .

41 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

33

I

1

3

3

3

1

I

I

1

•

1

I

Kent (Greenwich and 1
Lewisham) . . . J

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

8

-

1

•

•

I

I

•

••

• •

No.

2. South Eastern
Division.

I

Surrey (part of)

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

•

1

.

•

I

.

,

2

Kent (part of) . .

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

9

•

2

1

' 1

3

Sussex

13 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

•

1

•

•

1

' ,

4

Hampshire ....

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

10

•

1

1

I

I

r

■

5

Berkshire ....

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

•

1

•

1

•

•

I

•

■

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (part of) .

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

4

•

1

1

7

Hertfordshire • . .

16 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

8

•

•

2

1

I

I

•

1

2

8

Buckinghamshire . .

*{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

4

I

•

I

•

•

•

9

Oxfordshire ....

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

* *6

I

1

I

•

•

10

Northamptonshire . .

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

7

•

•

1

1

I

I

ii

Huntingdonshire . .

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

•

•

•

J

12

Bedfordshire . .

*{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

!

13

Cambridgeshire . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

5

•

•

I

I

1

47

in Counties, on each Day of Mav-ch.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

MARCH.

THE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

16

*7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

2

2

I

I

I

I

I

4

I

I

I

2

4

5

2

•

4

I

2

3

T

I

I

3

3

4

4

•

3

I

I

I

•

2

I

I

3

•

s

4

I

I

2

•

I

I

I

I

I

I

•

I

I

•

I

I

I

I

I

1

ft

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

•

I

•

I

I

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

.

•

3

3

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

•

.

I

•

•

•

*

•

2

2

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

■

I

•

I

I

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

ft

•

«

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

2

I

I

I

I

I

•

-•

I

I

•

•

•

I

•

ft

1 •

•

•

I

I

«

•

•

•

I

I

0

•

•

•

I

I

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

I

•

I

•

•

2

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

I

I

I

48

]849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

4. Eastern Division.

14

Essex . . . . .

”1

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

9

•

•

I

I

•

•

I

I

•

•

15

Suffolk .....

■'{

Choi.

1.

•

•

•

.

•

•

•

•

•

•

Diarrh.

II

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

2

•

l6

Norfolk’

16 {

Choi.

I

•

•

•

•

•

.

•

•

•

•

Diarrh.

15

*

•

I

I

•

*

#

2

I

5. South Western

Division.

*7

Wiltshire ....

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

.

.

•

I

I

18

Dorsetshire • . .

2 1

Choi.

• •

.

•

•

•

\

Diarrh.

2

•

I

J9

Devonshire ....

16 {

Choi.

3

.

•

•

•

Diarrh.

13

•

2

I

I

»

20

Cornwall ....

6 1

Choi.

• .

•

•

•

1

Diarrh.

6

I

2

•

21

Somersetshire . . .

13 {

Choi.

1

•

.

•

•

•

Diarrh.

12

I

•

1

•

6. West Midland

Division.

22

Gloucestershire. .

■4

Choi.

1

Diarrh.

16

•

I

I

I

I

I

4

2

23

Herefordshire . .

3 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

#

I

.

24

Shropshire ....

13 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

11

I

•

I

I

.

I

25

Staffordshire . . .

40 |

Choi.

•

.

•

•

.

•

Diarrh.

40

2

•

2

2

2

2

*

2

2

26

Worcestershire . .

9 I

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

•

I

•

•

I

27

Warwickshire . . .

20 {

Choi.

1

•

•

•

.

•

•

•

.

Diarrh.

29

I

2

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

7. Nortii Midland

Division.

28

Leicestershire . . .

22 1

Choi

1

t

Diarrh.

11

I

•

I

•

I

•

2

•

•

•

29

Rutlandshire . .

•{

Clwl.

Diarrh.

.

•

49

in Counties , on each Day of March.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

MARCH.

THE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

I

I

I

I

•

•

I

•

•

2

•

I

I

•

I

•

I

I

•

I

I

I

•

I

•

J

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

.

.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

#

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

2

I

1

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

2

•

•

.

I

•

.

•

.

.

.

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

*

I

I

2

•

3

•

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

#

I

•

I

I

•

•

.

•

•

•

2

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

I

I

3

I

3

I

I

I

2

2

•

2

•

I

3

2

•

I

I

I

•

•

I

•

•

.

I

I

.

.

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

,

.

I

•

•

I

I

•

•

I

I

I

I

•

•

*

•

I

I

2

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

E

50

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each.

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

* 3

° p

Lincolnshire . .

17 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

17

I

1

1

1

I

•

I

3i

Nottinghamshire . .

12 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

9

I

•

1

I

I

I

32

Derbyshire ....

”{

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

8

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

>

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

17 {

Cliol.

Diarrh.

17

*

1

1

•

1

•

3

I

•

•

34

Lancashire ....

l8l |

Choi.

28

I

•

•

1

•

I

#

I

•

4

Diarrh.

153

8

5

2

4

8

4

6

5

8

6

9. York Division.

35

West Riding ...

49 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

8

41

1

1

•

•

•

I

I

•

5

I

2

2

36

East Riding (with York)

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

5

1

•

1

«

•

•

•

I

.

37

North Riding . . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

• •

5

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

10. Northern Division.

*

38

Durham ....

169 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

149

20

.

1

1

1

2

•

I

•

1

.

•

6

39

Northumberland

45 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

38

7

3

2

2

1

1

1

3

I

2

2

2

40

Cumberland . .

7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

5

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

4i

Westmorland .

11. Welsh Division.

•{

Choi.

Diarrh.

42

Muumouthshire . .

IO 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

43

South Wales . . .

22 1

Choi.

1

•

1

•

.

.

.

.

•

1

1) arrh.

21

•

1

1

1

*

I

1

I

•

44

North Wales . .

• %

i°{

Choi.

Diarrh.

IO

1

•

I

•

•

•

in Counties, on each Day of March. 51

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

52

1849, Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

— ■■■'■ .. — — —

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6.

7

8

9

10

i. London.

ChoU

Diarrh.

Middlesex (part of) .

65 {

7

58

•

2

•

I

2

•

1

2

2

I

4

4

Surrey ( part of) , .

24 |

Choi.

Diairh.

24

•

#

•

2

2

.

2

•

•

•

Kent (Greenwich andl

10 {

Choi.

2

•

•

I

•

Lewisham) . . . /

Diarrh.

8

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

2. South Eastern

Division.

No.

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

Surrey (part of) . .

*{

I

4

•

I

•

•

I

*

2

Kent (part of). .

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

12

I

•

I

•

•

1

3

Sussex . . . , .

8f

Choi.

Diarrh.

*8

.

I

•

I

I

•

•

4

Hampshire ....

«{

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

.

.

I

•

•

•

•

.

5

Berkshire ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

II

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

• j

3. SouTn Midland

1

Division.

6

Middlesex (part of) ,

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

•

•

•

•

•

7

Hertfordshire ...

»{

Choi.

| Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

•

•

I

1

1

8

Buckinghamshire .

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

1

9

Oxfordshire ....

>\

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

10

Northamptonshire •

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

I

•

I

•

•

II

Huntingdonshire . •

■1

Choi.

Diarrh.

• •

I

•

•

•

•

•

12

Bedfordshire . .

4I

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

3

.

I

•

I

.

13

Cambridgeshire . .

10

Choi.

Diarrh.

• •

10

•

1

•

53

in Counties, on each Day of April.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

APRIL.

THE MONTH.

XI

12

13

14

15

16

X7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

! i

i

•

I

•

I

I

•

2

*

4

4

i

3

*

4

3

I

I

I

•

3

I

5

•

3

5

.

.

.

I

I

.

I

I

•

I

2

•

2

I

3

I

•

I

3

•

#

m

•

•

.

#

•

•

•

a

•

•

.

•

.

I

I

I

I

I

•

•

I

I

•

-

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

•

•

I

.

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

.

3

2

•

*

I

I

•

•

2

.

•

•

#

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

•

.

•

•

•

•

•

I

»

•

•

2

♦

•

•

*

2

•

•

I

I

X

2

I

•

•

2

•

I

•

I

•

I

•

I

i

•

I

2

I

I

•

I

•

I

t

•

•

•

I

•

i

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

«

I

•

•

•

I

i

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

t

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

i

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

«

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

,

! .

•

•

.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

3

•

I

•

2

•

•

I

•

54

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from (

-

Causes

Total

A

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF ’

1

Death.

Cause.

I

2

r3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

4. Eastern Division.

No.

H

Essex . . .

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

15

Suffolk

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

l6

I

I

•

I

•

•

I

2

•

l6

Norfolk

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

9

•

.

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

I

5. South Western

Division.

17

Wiltshire ....

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

t

2

•

,

•

I

I

18

Dorsetshire'.

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

19

Devonshire ....

17 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

14

•

I

•

,

2

2

•

20

Cornwall ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

4

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

21

Somersetshire . . .

23 {

Choi.

1

■

•

.

•

•

I

•

•

•

Diarrh.

22

•

I

I

2

•

I

3

3

*

•

6. West Midland

Division.

1

22

Gloucestershire . .

24 {

Choi.

1

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

Diarrh.

23

4

I

I

I

•

•

I

I

23

Herefordshire . . .

.. i

Choi.

• •

#

•

•

#

9

•

1

Diarrh.

•

•

•

•

•

■

•

1

24

Shropshire ....

8{

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

6

I

•

•

I

I

I

I

•

25

Staffordshire

39 {

\Chol:\ ,

1

,

Diarrh J

. 38

I

•

-4

2

I

3

26

Worcestershire.

»{

Choi.

, ,

m

#

#

Diarrh.

13

2

2

•

I

I

•

27

Warwickshire .

■ 38 {

Choi.

2

I

Diarrh.

36

I I

I

I

I

3

2

I

I

I

I

7. North Midi.and

Division.

28

Leicestershire •

6 |

Choi.

1

#

#

•

#

#

t

#

•

1

Diarrh.

5

•

I

29

Rutlandshire . . .

! J

I Choi.

. ,

.

.

.

l

t Diarrh.

1

'

•

•

in Counties , on each Day of April. 55

Cholera and Diarrhoea — cojitinued.

56

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

3°

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . .

**{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

14

1

1

2

I

•

2

3i

Nottinghamshire . .

4{

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

32

Derbyshire ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

I

♦

•

•

•

8. Northwestern
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

IO {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

9

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

•

2

.

•

34

Lancashire ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

29

128

I

3

8

2

4

2

2

3

4

3

2

3

I

4

1

5

9. York Division.

35

West Riding . . .

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

46

3

•

•

I

1

•

I

2

1

•

36

East Riding (with York)

15 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

12

».

I

•

•

2

I

•

•

1

1

37

North Riding ...

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

I

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

1

•

ro. Northern Division.

33

Durham. «...

31 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

16

15

I

2

I

I

I

•

1

1

2

I

•

I

2

2

39

Northumberland .

Clwl.

Diarrh.

18

13

I

1

2

I

3

1

1

I

•

1

1

2

40

Cumberland . . .

6I

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

3

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

4r

Westmorland . .

4{

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

ir. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire . .

♦{

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

43

South Wales . . .

28 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

I

2

•

I

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

X

44

North Wales • . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

1

•

L

57

in Counties, on each Day of April.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

58

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Tt

Death.

Cause.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

i. London.

Middlesex ( part of) .

90 |

Choi

Diarrh,

22

68

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

I

2

•

I

•

I

3

Surrey ( part of) . .

28 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

27

1

1

1

1

#

I

I

#

3

#

Kent (Greenwich and!
Lewisham) . . . J

9{

Choi

Diarrh.

I

8

2

•

•

•

•

*

•

■

•

•

No.

x

2. South Eastern
Division.

Surrey (joart of)

*{

Choi

Diarrh.

5

t

1

•

•

1

2

Kent ( part if). .

17 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

12

1

1

•

1

1

3

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

Sussex

10 I

Choi

Diarrh.

10

•

•

•

•

1

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

4

Hampshire ....

16 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

14

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

«

•

I

•

•

5

Berkshire . . . .

'{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

•1

•

•

1

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

3. South Midland
Division.

1

6l

Middlesex {part of) .

7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

5

•

•

1

1

•

•

I

I

7

Ilertfordshiie .

8{

Choi

Diarrh.

8

1

•

*

•

I

•

•

8

Buckinghamshire .

H

Clwl.

Diarrh.

2

3

•

•

•

•

•

I

9

Oxfordshire . . .

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

’<5

•

*

•

•

I

I

•

10

Northamptonshire .

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

•

•1

9

•

I

•

II

Huntingdonshire . .

8{

Choi

Diarrh.

3

5

1

•

2

•

•

12

Bedfordshire .

7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

v

•

I

•

I

13

Cambridgeshire . .

«{

Choi.

I Diarrh.

1

10

1

1

1

1

•

59

in Counties, on each Day of May.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

60

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from ^

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

14

4. Eastern Division.
Essex • . . . •

7{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

6

•

I

I

•

15

Suffolk . • • •

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

t

13

I

I

•

I

I

•

I

•

•

l6

Norfolk ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

ir

•

•

•

I

I

•

I

I

1

•

17

5. South Western
Division.

Wiltshire ....

9{

Choi.

Diarrh.

?

•

I

•

I

18

Dorsetshire. • • .

2 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

19

Devonshire ....

23 {

Choi.

Diarrh,

4

19

•

3

.

2

I

I

•

20

Cornwall ....

6{

Clwl.

Diarrh.

6

•

2

#

•

•

I

21

Somersetshire . . .

46 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

28

18

•

•

I*

I

2

I

I

2

I

2

I

•

4

22

6. West Midland
Division.

Gloucestershire. . .

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

29

% 24

2

I

•

I

I

•

I

I

•

2

•

3

23

Herefordshire • . •

'{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

•

.

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

24

Shropshire ....

IO 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

.

.

.

I

3

.

I

•

.

I

25

Staffordshire • . .

41 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

41

I

3

2

2

2

•

I

2

2

•

•

26

Worcestershire . . •

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

I

•

27

Warwickshire ...

25 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

25

•

3

2

•

I

2

2

I

I

•

7. North Midland
Division.

Choi.

Diarrh.

28

Leicestershire . . •

14 {

14

I

•

•

I

•

1

•

•

•

•

3

29

Rutlandshire • • .

•{

Choi.

* *

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

in Counties, on each Day of May. 61

!holera and Diarrhoea — continued.

62

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Cl

Counties : — Deaths from _

Causes

Total j

IV

r COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

I

DAY OF _

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

'

10

No.

30

7. North Midland
Division — contin ued.

Lincolnshire . .

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

15

•

3

.

.

I

2

1

1

2

3.t

Nottinghamshire . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

3

•

.

#

I

I

•

.

32

Derbyshire ....

Choi.

Diarrb.

2

5

•

•

1

•

I

I

I

•

•

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

22 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

19

2

•

I

•

2

•

•

I

I

•

1

.

1

34

Lancashire ....

258 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

in

147

6

4

6

I

I

2

3

3

7

5

4

3

5

4

2

3

4

1

9. York Division.

35

West Riding

58 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

4

54

•

1

2

•

2

2

I

I

1

1

2

1

36

East Riding (with York)

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

9

D

•

•

•

1

2

1

1

•

37

North Riding . , .

4{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

3

•

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

1

10. Northern Division.

38

Durham

33 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

20

13

I

I

1

2

•

•

•

1

1

1

39

Northumberland . .

-■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

6

•

•

I

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

40

Cumberland

7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

6

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

41

Westmorland ...

■f

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

I

•

•

•

•

11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire . . .

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

13

•

.

.

•

I

1

.

1

1

43

South Wales . ,

89 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

63

26

I

•

I

1

4

•

•

2

*

44

Norib Wales . .

3 {

•

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

63

in Counties, on each Day of May.

Jholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

61

loTJ. Deaths from cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

■ COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

i. London.

*

Middlesex ( part of) .

247 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

151

96

•

2

3

2

2

2

1

2

2

2

8

3

I

6

4

4

3

7

Survey ( part of) .

-»{

Choi

Diarrh.

III

' 44

I

3

2

•

1

2

I

I

•

5

2

3

1

2

4

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . j

27)

Choi.

Diarrh.

I7

10

I

1

1

•

1

•

I

•

1

1

•

1

No.

2. South Eastern
Division.

Cliol.

Diarrh.

I

Surrey (part of) . .

9 {

4

5

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

2

Kent (part of). . .

37 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

15

22

I

•

•

■

2

1

1

2

2

4

•

•

3

Sussex . . . • .

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

18

19

-

•

1

#

•

I

I

4

Hampshire . . . .

21 {

Choi.

D'arrh.

8

13

I

1

•

I

•

•

•

5

Berkshire ....

1

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

9

•

•1

•

•

1

1

•

•

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (jpart of) .

IO f

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

7

r

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

7

Hertfordshire . . .

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

5

I

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

8

Buckinghamshire^ .

2 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

9

Oxfordshire. . . .

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

7

•

•

1

1

1

•

•

10

Northamptonshire .

■»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

12

•

•

1

I

1

•

II

Huntingdonshire .

*{

Choi

Diarrh.

2

•

•

•

•

•

•

12

Bedfordshire ...

2 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

•

•

13

Cambridgeshire .

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

5

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

65

in Counties , on each Day of June.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

66

1849. Deaths from. Cholera and Diarrhoea j

Counties : — Deaths from Cl

Causes

Total

j

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF If

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

4. Eastern Division.

No.

14

Essex

■’{

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

12

•

•

•

2

1

•

1

I

1

2

15

Suffolk . • . . .

19 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

9

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

l6

Norfolk

17 i

Choi

Diarrh.

17

•

•

•

1

I

1

•

•

2

5. South Western

Division.

17

Wiltshire ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

10

•

1

•

•

•

I

•

•

1

18

Dorsetshire ....

17 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

13

4

•

1

.

.

I

1

•

#

19

Devonshire ....

93 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

74

19

•

I

•

•

1

3

1

7

3

1

6

I

6

1

20

Cornwall ....

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

5

21

Somersetshire . . .

»{

Clwl.

Diarrh.

32

23

5

2

•

3

1

3

2

2

I

•

2

I

1

5

1

1

6. West Midland

1

22

Division.

Gloucestershire

177 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

148

29

3

2

1

4

1

6

1

•

•

3

1

4

3

1

6

1

11

1

23

Herefordshire .

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

•

•

•

•

•

24

Shropshire ....

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

9

,

#

1

•

2

1

25

Staffordshire .

45 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

40

2

3

2

1

3

.

2

2

1

26

Worcestershire . .

i° j

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

8

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

27

Warwickshire .

«{

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

3i

1

•

1

1

•

1

•

I

1

1

2

7. North Midland

Division.

28

Leicestershire .

81

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

7

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

•

•

29

Rutlandshire . . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

67

in Counties, on each Day of June .
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

JUNE.

THE MONTH.

ir

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

I

I

•

I

I

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

i

I

I

2

I

.

I

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

2

•

•

•

•

I

•

2

•

I

•

•

*

#

•

*

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

.

•

.

•

.

I

I

I

I

I

I

4

I

i

I

I

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

I

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

.

.

#

I

I

•

.

.

•

I

I

2

2

2

•

•

2

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

2

I

5

I

2

5

2

9

I

#

I

2

4

2

I

2

4

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

4

•

2

2

•

I

I

2

I

•

#

•

.

2

,

•

.

•

I

•

•

.

•

•

•

2

•

•

•

•

■

I

•

•

I

I

*

•

•

I

I

I

#

I

I

I

2

I

I

I

I

I

2

•

I

•

*

I

I

I

’

I

I

I

2

I

8

8

9

4

4

7

7

10

3

7

2

2

4

5

3

3

7

4

9

2

•

•

I

3

3

•

I

I

•

2

•

2

2

•

I

I

2

I

•

•

<

.

.

.

.

.

•

.

•

•

•

•

•

2

•

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

.

#

I

I

I

■

I

4

1

2

•

I

3

2

I

3

2

2

I

•

3

•

I

•

•

3

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

•

I

•

.

•

I

.

•

.

.

•

2

2

2

I

2

2

2

2

2

I

2

I

I

•

I

I

I

:

%

r

.

•

.

I

•

.

*

•

*

•

•

'

*

'

’

•

■>

68

1819. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Cl

-

Causes

Total

ji

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF —

.n

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3 J

4

5

6

7

8

9

in

10 T

No.

30

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . •

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

l6

•

2

I

2

3i

Nottinghamshire . .

20 j;

Choi.

Diarrh,

I :

19

•

2

3

.

•

0

I

.

32

Derbyshire . . • .

11 i!

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

8

I

2

1

•

•

•

•

I

•

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

70 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

46

24

2

2

1

•

2

•

I

•

2

I

34

Lancashire ....

t

790 1

Clwl.

Diarrh.

574

216

10

8

8

4

12

4

9

4

7

5

8

5

13

4

II

7

11

5

11

9

9. York Division.

35

West Riding .

96 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

36

60

1

2

1

2

2

3

2

I

1

1

5

1

2

36

East Riding (with York)

■*i

Clwl.

Diarrh.

2

9

•

.

t

1

•

I

•

•

•

I

37

North Riding . . .

4 i

Clwl.

Diarrh.

2

2

1

;

10. Northern Division

38

Durham

96 j

Clwl.

Diarrh.

83

13

•

I

2

1

6

6

I

4

1

2

1

39

Northumberland . .

8f

! ciwi.

1 Diarrh.

8

;

40

Cumberland . . .

8)

Clwl.

Diarrh.

I

7

.

•

1

I

•

.

.

.

•

:

4i

Westmorland . . .

■ I

Choi.

t Diairh.

1

:

11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire

88

! Clwl.
ii Diarrh.

74

14

I

I

1

I

I

4

1

3

1

2

1

1

2

I

43

South Wales . •

612

f Clwl.

'! Diarrh.

577

35

6

2

9

1

13

1

IQ

2

19

1

17

39

2

31

34

4

26

44

North Wales . . .

15

fj Choi.

' Diarrh.

Ii

6

9

j

l •

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

1

•

!

69

in Counties, on each Day of June.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

JUNE.

THE MONTH.

II

12

r3

14

T5

l6

*7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

I

I

•

•

•

•

2

•

I

I

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

3

.

.

#

#

I

B

.

2

3

2

I

•

I

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

I

#

#

#

.

#

1

,

,

,

I

I

I

I

2

I

I

I

3

I

4

3

3

6

3

3

4

I

5

2

I

•

3

•

I

I

I

2

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

2

3

22

27

22

17

23

15

18

26

18

14

25

24

27

28

28

30

33

32

26

3

9

II

7

9

3

8

10

8

3

5

9

24

6

7

10

7

12

9

II

I

I

I

4

I

3

I

4

I

4

3

I

2

I

I

2

2

3

I

2

I

6

3

•

2

I

3

3

2

2

2

2

3

2

I

,

•

#

•

#

I

#

1

•

•

•

•

.

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

1

•

•

I

I

•

•

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20

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12

18

15

16

18

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15

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I

70

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from (

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1. London.

Middlesex ( part of) .

I39°|

Choi.

Diarrh.

918

472

10

6

13

11

14

3

11

2

4

7

II

4

12

8

l6

4

15

14

33

9

Surrey {part of) . .

i652|

Choi.

Diarrh.

1481

171

8

4

19

3

13

6

8

1

12

3

16

4

16

5

18

8

28

4

29

2

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . J

z9 7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

156

41

1

2

5

3

1

1

5

2

7

1

•

2

1

5

No.

I

2. South Eastern
Division.

Surrey {pari of) .

46{

Choi.

Diarrh.

35

11

I

#

1

2

#

1

2

2

1

2

Kent {part of) . .

201 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

165

36

.

2

1

2

1

2

3

2

1

2

I

4

4

1

1

3

Sussex

66 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

46

20

6

1

2

1

1

.

•

4

2

•

1

1

2

1

1

1

4

Hampshire ....

74°|

Choi.

Diarrh,

666

74

1

. 2

1

4

3

5

1

7

1

9

7

1

13

I

23

1

22

5

Berkshire ....

24(

Choi.

Diarrh.

l6

8

1

•

/•

•

•

•

•

*

•

•

•

1

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (part of) .

112 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

99

13

1

2

3

•

1

4

3

4

1

1

2

2

1

7

Hertfordshire . • .

l6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

7

•

1

1

8

Buckinghamshire .

I91

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

14

1

1

1

•

1

1

9

Oxfordshire.

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

4

1

•

•

10

Northamptonshire .

7{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

6

1

1

•

1

1

II

Huntingdonshire .

>{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

s

1

12

Bedfordshire

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

•

13

Cambridgeshire

■3f

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

10

•

1

1

•

71

in Counties, on each Day of July.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

JULY

-

THE

MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

*9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

33

25

3i

37

28

34

3*

29

34

42

54

42

26

34

43

38

43

39

42

51

43

6

II

14

10

15

II

22

21

18

22

22

30

31

24

22

29

24

20

15

l6

21

21

18

46

44

62

82

44

49

6l

72

69

59

66

59

74

65

60

74

75

no

IO4

6

2

2

5

9

IO

4

7

6

7

5

2

II

10

8

9

7

4

8

3

6

4

3

2

10

7

5

4

6

6

6

3

8

12

2

6

II

6

4

4

II

5

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2

3

2

2

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30

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72

1 849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

14

1 4. Eastern Division.
Essex

59 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

33

26

•

I

2

1

1

I

1

I

r

•

I

I

15

Suffolk . . .

• •

18 j

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

15

•

•

2

I

1

2

•

.

I

•

16

Norfolk . . .

• ■

20 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

18

4

-

.

5. South Western
Division.

17

Wiltshire . .

• •

154 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

I27

27

•

I

I

.

I

1

1

3

•

I

3

iS

Dorsetshire .

• •

27 {

Choi.

Diairh.

19

8

I

6

3

2

I

1

•

•

1

I

2

J9

Devonshire . .

• •

Choi.

Diarrh.

274

37

3

1

I

2

I

4

2

2

I

4

1

3

1

5

11

1

20

Cornwall .

• •

8i {

Choi.

Diarrh.

70

II

1

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

21

Somersetshire .

♦ •

49 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

34

15

1

1

•

I

•

•

I

I

1

•

•

6. West Midland
Division.

1

22

Gloucestershire

318 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

286

32

4

2

3

8

4

1

3

6

1

12

4

4

•

13

I

7

23

Herefordshire .

• •

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

24

Shropshire .

• •

48 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

37

ir

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

25

Staffordshire .

• •

86 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

44

42

I

I

I

•

1

1

1

1

•

1

1

3

1

2

3

2

26

Worcestershire .

• •

29 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

17

12

I

•

•

1

1

1

1

•

1

I

1

27

Warwickshire .

• •

64 {

Choi.

| Diarrh.

15

49

I

I

I

2

1

1

•

•

2

I

2

7. North Midland
Division.

28

Leicestershire .

• •

10 {1

Cliol.

Diairh.

1

9

I

•

•

•

1

.

.

.

•

.

29

Rutlandshire .

• •

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

"i

73

in Counties, on each Day of July .
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

JULY.

THE MONTH.

! II

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

31

I

I

I

2

2

I

I

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3

2

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74

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

3°

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire ...

20 |

Cliol.

Diarrh.

5

15

*

I

1

•

•

.

2

1

3i

Nottinghamshire . .

19 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

2

*7

I

•

I

I

•

2

32

Derbyshire ....

■M

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

12

2

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

208 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

170

38

I

8

1

3

1

1

•

1

4

3

3

1

1

2

5

1

6

34

Lancashire ....

2049 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

1458

591

27

15

43

14

27

10

39

9

28

16

3i

9

34

9

28

13

24

12

28

9

9. York Division.

35

West Riding . . .

174 \

Clwl.

Diarrh.

68

106

i

1 3

1

5

2

3

2

2

2

1

1

I

3

2

3

5

3 !

36

East Riding (with York)

142 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

1 .12

30

•

i

1

2

1

2

I

1

1

•

2

1

3

1

37

North Riding . . .

M

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

3

1

1

•

10. Northern Division.

38

Durham

86 |

Clwl.

Diarrh.

66

20

2

2

4

4

4

•

1

I

4

2

1

•

1

39

Northumberland . .

29 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

13

16

1

1

I

2

•

1

1

•

•

40

Cumberland . . .

19 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

3

16

•

1

•

1

r

1

4i

Westmorland .

11. WELsn Division.

*{

Clwl.

Diarrh.

1

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

42

Monmouthshire

101 |

Clwl.

Diarrh.

94

7

5

3

2

1

7

4

2

5

5

5

2

43

South Wales . .

IC07 |

Clwl.

Diarrh.

966

41

23

1

25

2

15

1

18

19

13

3

18

1

26

2

28

3

37

44

North Wales . .

47 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

4r

6

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

j

1

75

in Counties, on each Day of July.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

JULY"

|he

MONTH.

II

12

*3

14

15

l6

17

18

J9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

I

I

1

I

I •

I

I

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•

•

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•

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4

4

5

12

8

4

8

8

9

6

I

8

5

10

8

5

6

3

8

7

9

I

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•

2

3

•

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3

•

•

2

4

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I

2

2

2

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41

42

44

42

40

62

69

57

75

6l

47

5i

49

6l

63

64

6l

59

53

57

l6

18

15

17

l6

l6

20

28

l6

22

32

28

27

31

25

26

30

23

20

22

27

1 1

I

2

I

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4

I

4

3

4

2

5

2

2

2

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5

6

2

3

4

2

2

5

4

3

9

3

4

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76

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

It

Counties .■ — Deaths from f

f

j Causes

Total

1

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of eafch

DAY 01

Death.

Cause.

|

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

r. London.

Middlesex (part of)

3577 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2882

695

42

17

48

18

32

21

44

21

39

22

45

16

58

23

58

24

43

£2

50

17

Surrey (part of) . .

24t7 |

Cliol.

Diarrh.

2181

236

95

12

69

15

55

7

89

6

83

6

49

7

43

5

65

9

55

6

63

12

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . J

367 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

305

62

5

6

3

II

I

5

5

2

2

2

9

1

5

5

6

2

II

3

No.

i

2. South Eastern
Division.

Surrey (part of) .

132 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

107

25

2

2

3

1

2

2

I

2

2

2

2

I

1

2

1

2

Kent (part of) . . .

629 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

507

122

8

3

II

I

7

1

10

2

15

6

10

4

8

7

13

3

18

7

D

4

3

Sussex

120 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

7r

49

3

1

3

•

2

I

3

1

2

I

I

2

1

1

1

2

4

Hampshire ....

445 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

360

85

12

I

12

2

1

17

4

18

4

20

3

14

4

8

4

4

4

9

16

4

5

Berkshire ....

88 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

66

22

•

2

I

1

•

1

1

3

2

2

2

3

1

•

3. South Midland
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6

Middlesex (part of)

175 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

134

4i

1

2

2

2

4

3

6

1

1

1

4

4

3

3

1

10

1

7

Hertfordshire . .

7i {

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6r

10

I

2

•

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•

8

Buckinghamshire .

92 |

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8 1
11

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Oxfordshire .

27 f

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21

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14 1

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18 {

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Cambridgeshire . .

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Choi.

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40

12

•

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1

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•

1

1

77

in Counties , on each Day of August,

J hoi era and Diarrhoea — continued.

vUGUST-

HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

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98

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78

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY 01

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

14

4. Eastern Division.

Essex . . .

• •

210 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

151

59

2

2

5

6

2

2

2

2

•

5

3

2

2

2

4

1

2

3

15

Suffolk . . •

• •

45 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

17

28

•

2

2

.

,

1

#

1

1

•

l6

Norfolk .

• •

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

23

32

I

.

1

1

.

2

1

I

1

1

1

5. South Western
Division.

17

Wiltshire . .

• •

128 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

108

20

8

8

1

6

2

7

3

•

3

2

8

2

3

2

18

Dorsetshire . .

• •

38 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

26

12

3

19

Devonshiie .

• •

(

1010 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

943

fi7

19

2

21

1

20

•

19

2

21

2

29

2

17

5

18

I

25

1

38

1

20

Cornwall « .

• •

336 {

Choi.

Diarrh,

300

36

5

2

10

4

2

6

2

6

l6

I

6

1

8

4

r6

3

21

Somersetshire .

• •

226 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

165

6l

6

1

5

1

4

8

2

4

1

8

1

4

2

5

1

1

1

5

3

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire .

• •

454 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

39°

64

6

12

1

10

1

3

1

7

1

5

1

5

4

5

1

4

7

9

23

Herefordshire .

• •

6{

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

.

•

•

1

•

•

•

.

.

1

24

Shropshire . .

• •

148 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

133

15

3

1

2

4

4

2

•

•

2

6

6

1

4

25

Staffordshire .

• •

459 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

364

95

1

1

1

3

2

1

5

1

2

5

3

3

6

6

2

8

•

5

2

26

Worcestershire

• •

5°(

Choi.

Diarrh.

27

23

1

1

•

•

.

•

•

1

I

I

2

27

Warwickshire .

• •

179 \

Choi.

Diarrh.

39

140

2

2

4

2

4

1

1

1

3

2

3

3

4

2

7. North Midland
Division.

28

Leicestershire .

• •

27 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

22

1

1

•

1

1

.

1

1

2

•

•

29

Rutlandshire .

• •

3|

Choi.

1 Diarrh.

2

1

•

79

in Counties, on each Day of August.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

Ml GUST-

|HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

r7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3i

2

2

7

4

2

9

4

4

5

5

4

I

IO

II

8

7

8

7

5

8

5

•

•

3

2

3

I

4

3

4

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4

I

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5

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10

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13

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18

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19

14

24

32

30

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80

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties:— Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OB

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

U-.

° ?

7. Kortii Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . .

241 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

206

35

I

2

1

3

2

8

3

2

I

2

1

6

1

31

Nottinghamshire . .

71 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

22

49

I

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

•

•

2

•

32

Derbyshire ....

2! j

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

15

•

•

•

•

1

2

•

•

•

2

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire ....

225 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

142

83

5

3

3

3

3

4

1

3

1

3

4

4

2

4

1

2

2

34

Lancashire ....

3414 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

2544

870

78

19

77

20

54
2 8

57

28

56

22

55

27

46

29

72

25

78

22

I Of

2;

9. York Division.

35

West Riding

939 |

Choi.

Diarrh,

738
20 £

5

5

2

2

6

1

7

3

3

1

15

4

11

3

4

4

5

7

it

36

East Riding (with York)

5 73 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

514

59

5

4

1

4

2

2

1

10

4

6

5

2

4

i

j

37

North Riding .

14 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

II

3

•

1

T

•

1

I

•

2

10. Northern Division.

38

Dui ham ....

255 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

189

66

3

2

5

1

I

2

1

2

3

1

5

3

1

2

2

7

2

39

Northumberland .

248 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

207

41

1

1

1

1

2

I

1

1

2

I

1

1

2

3

1

40

Cumberland . . .

122 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

97

25

•

1

1

I

•

•

3

2

I

1

2

•

4i

Westmorland . .

ir. Welsh Division.

'{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

42

Monmouthshire .

403 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

392

11

9

23

II

7

9

IT

I

10

12

9

1

ji

43

South Wales . . .

1294 |

Clwl.

Diarrh.

1241

53

47

1

53

2

34

1

64

1

49

1

54

27

4

48

1

3*

2

65

1

44

North Wales . . ,

48 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

39

9

1

'

1

1

1

2

•

2

•

2

i

81

in Counties, on each Day of August.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

t

XUGUST.

rJ

’HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

T9

20

21

22

23

1 24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

10

5

6

27

19

II

6

II

6

6

5

9

3

4

12

6

13

8

7

5

8

•

1

3

I

I

I

2

I

3

2

I

I

2

•

I

I

8

I

•

I

#

#

I

.

I

2

4

2

I

•

3

.

I

I

I

•

•

•

4

3

I

2

4

•

2

5

I

2

I

2

I

I

3

I

2

4

•

.

•

#

I

•

.

.

I

•

,

•

.

.

I

I

2

2

I

I

2

I

I

2

*4

8

6

5

5

7

3

8

7

6

4

5

5

3

4

5

3

I

4

3

2

5

2

4

3

6

5

I

3

3

4

I

2

6

3

3

3

4

I

3

2

I

104

93

129

rl3

124

91

97

95

88

74

60

82

80

78

94

82

63

82

71

74

92

32

28

2 r

3i

22

35

34

43

47

35

30

26

29

26

24

24

20

29

34

27

32

26

17

31

27

24

29

26

3t

24

36

29

30

34

39

41

37

24

40

36

46

37

1

6

7

I I

4

14

10

4

8

10

IO

10

6

6

5

4

6

7

10

13

II

8

7

14

18

II

12

23

14

24

20

28

15

18

21

33

28

3i

36

37

36

32

3

I

1

•

4

2

I

I

3

2

4

I

3

2

3

2

4

4

3

2

6

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

2

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

*

•

•

2

6

8

6

14

8

6

3

8

2

8

8

5

6

8

8

6

9

II

II

4

13

I

4

4

•

4

3

4

I

2

•

4

3

4

3

4

•

I

I

6

3

2

5

6

6

6

5

3

9

7

I

5

II

12

17

l6

13

7

9

23

11

10

11

1 •

I

I

2

2

•

5

3

I

3

I

T

I

I

3

2

I

I

2

2

2

1

#

I

.

4

#

I

I

3

3

9

8

9

15

24

8

3

•

•

•

I

•

4

I

I

I

•

2

I

4

I

I

*

•

I

2

I

27

13

20

14

J9

26

17

*7

9

17

I I

8

7

9

13

15

4

5

7

2

10

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

I

*

I

*

I

*

‘

165

52

33

5 5

60

5i

34

45

40

44

42

28

33

33

32

18

25

25

21

14

18

1

I

I

I

3

3

I

5

3

3

•

3

3

3

•

2

2

•

I

3

I

I

.

I

I

2

3

2

2

5

2

I

2

3

2

.

1

•

2

•

•

•

2

•

•

1

•

•

•

•

#

2

I

•

I

*

G

82 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1. London.

Middlesex (part of)

3157 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2519

638

124

30

124

21

143

23

135

26

150

24

132

29

147

18

I46

26

139

23

133

31

Surrey ( part of) .

2513 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

2215

298

II 2

7

144

15

156

II

181

13

139

14

147

13

127

15

149

12

140

9

ii7

15

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . J

373 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

297

76

14

5

14

2

17

3

20

3

25

3

18

2

10

I

l6

3

20

2

14

1

No.

i

2. South Eastern
Division.

Surrey (part of) . .

134 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

91

43

4

1

12

4

1

7

1

6

2

5

3

6

1

3

3

6

3

5

2

Kent (part of).

621 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

440

181

13

3

22

3

21

5

26

10

24

2

29

8

22

7

17

5

27

9

19

7

3

Sussex

271 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

194

77

1 1
3

4

1

9

2

12

3

8

2

7

4

14

3

19

4

14

3

6

2

4

Hampshire ....

259 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

170

89

3

10

3

8

2

11

4

11

3

6

6

8

4

9

1

II

6

8

5

5

Berkshire ....

56 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

32

24

2

3

3

3

2

2

1

1

I

I

I

2

2

2

2

4

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex ( part of) .

202 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

135

67

6

2

6

5

2

8

10

4

8

1

10

5

10

2

9

4

6

3

7

Hertfordshire .

153 1

Choi ,
Diarrh.

123

30

3

6

2

4

4

5

1

4

1

7

•

8

3

1

7

2

I

3

Buckinghamshire .

»{

Choi.

Diarrh.

51

22

4

2

3

3

1

5

2

1

3

2

1

I

9

Oxfordshire. .

9i {

Choi.

Diarrh.

63

28

1

1

1

3

1

4

2

1

1

4

2

I

1

5

3

6

10

Northamptonshire .

56 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

36

20

1

•

1

2

1

1

I

2

1

2

3

11

Huntingdonshire .

TO {

Choi.

Diarrh

2

1 8

.

.

,

•

•

•

.

I

12

1

Bedfordshire • •

52 {

Choi.
j Diarrh.

28

24

1

1

1

1

•

1

•

I

1

•

I

13

Cambridgeshire

189 |

1 Choi.

| Diarrh.

145

43

6

2

10

3

7

2

4

4

3

6

II

I

9

2

8

2

3

2

s,

!

in Counties , on each Day of September.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

83

SEPTEMBER.

THE MONTH.

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

81

57

72

61

63

50

43

48

43

33

41

32

40

24

24

27

28

23

26

16

19

15

17

*7

18

18

20

11

13

15

13

13

65

57

52

41

48

31

20

17

28

22

19

12

15

10

15

15

16

II

4

11

9

5

6

9

8

9

3

7

5

4

6

13

7

6

7

7

8

8

6

IO

7

3

2

2

4

2

2

2

7

3

3

2

5

3

4

3

2

1

I

1

I

2

2

1

5

2

•

1

•

2

3

I

-•

2

I

•

I

2

1

1

1

2

I

2

I

l6

24

12

15

16

12

13

8

13

4

8

4

10

12

5

6

13

II

6

6

3

9

9

6

4

4

6

8

4

I

7

5

12

5

7

10

2

2

5

2

3

3

2

I

I

.

2

3

2

I

I

4

I

3

2

I

4

5

4

2

2

•

I

2

2

7

3

4

8

5

2

.

•

3

•

3

•

2

5

5

2

I

4

6

2

2

3

5

1

2

I

3

2

1

•

I

2

-

I

4

I

c

4

•

•

I

•

1

.

•

2

I

I

1

2

I

2

7

5

2

2

4

I

2

I

3

1

I

2

I

3

I

2

I

2

2

2

2

5

I

4

4

•

2

2

I

•

I

5

3

6

6

5

5

3

4

6

1

1

•

4

5

4

6

2

I

I

•

3

•

2

2

2

•

1

I

I

I

■

I

2

3

•

I

I

3

1

2

•

2

I

2

2

2

•

I

I

I

I

I

•

1

I

•

3

•

e

2

1

*

3

4

4

I

2

I

3

I

1

3

4

I

1

2

I

I

I

2

I

I

•

I

•

•

•

2

•

1

4

«

I

3

5

2

#

1

3

I

.

.

1

I

•

I

r

r

•

I

2

2

■

•

•

I

•

1

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

.

I

•

1

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

3

I

1

1

2

4

#

r

2

1

2

•

3

3

I

2

I

2

1

•

•

2

2

•

•

«

I

I

•

*

I

6

3

3

4

2

I

4

6

3

5

2

8

4

2

3

4

2

I

1

2

2

•

2

I

1

1

1

I

I

I

3

'

113

28

106

105

27

78

15

9

4

13

H4

23

89

14

14

1

14

84

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

No.

14

4. Eastern Division.
Essex .....

413 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

324

89

II

4

21

2

14

5

16

2

l6

2

22

I

17

7

l6

4

13

3

l6

2

15

Suffolk . . .

• •

93 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

39

54

3

1

I

I

3

1

1

1

3

1

3

4

4

2

3

1

4

3

l6

Norfolk . . .

• •

165 1

! Choi.
j Diarrh.

90

75

4

1

1

2

4

2

1

1

4

4

5

2

5

2

3

1

4

6

6

1

5. South Western
Division.

17

Wiltshire . .

• •

89 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

59

30

2

5

1

2

2

3

1

3

2

4

J

2

4

1

3

3

18

Dorsetshire. .

• •

60 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

47

13

5

2

2

3

5

•

5

2

3

3

2

19

Devonshire , .

• •

908 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

819

89

25

3

35

1

27

3

24

5

31

3

39

2

39

3

32

39

2

39

3

20

Cornwall .

• •

370 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

342

28

15

1

27

21

•

22

21

1

29

3

17

2

12

14

1

7

1

21

Somersetshire .

• •

371 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

287

84

8

3

7

2

15

( 3

4

2

5

2

7

2

8

2

24

9

20

4

12

3

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire.

• •

606 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

501

105

18

3

24

4

28

2

3°

8

30

2

^5

1

16

2

26

5

23

5

27

2

23

Herefordshire .

• •

*{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

3

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

•

24

Shropshire . .

• •

133 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

ns

18

3

2

4

5

1

14

10

1

4

1

18

6

1

2

2

25

Staffordshire .

• •

1877 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1614

263

37

3

54

8

57

4

85

7

82

11

86

7

74

6

77

7

83

JO

60

12

26

Worcestershire •

• •

262 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

198

64

2

I

7

3

I

3

7

2

9

2

7

1

8

3

3

6

1

10

1

27

Warwickshire •

392 {

j Clwl.
Diarrh.

180

212

4

6

$

9

5

9

3

8

7

8

15

4

8

2

15

12

TO

12

6

10

7. North Midland
Division.

23

Leicestershire .

• •

40 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

37

•

I

2

I

•

1

1

1

3

•

29

Rutlandshire .

• •

>1

ChoV

Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

85

in Counties, on each Day of September.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

SEPTEMBER.

THE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

13

18

11

13

13

IO

8

7

10

7

5

2

4

9

5

6

4

3

7

7

4

7

3

I

7

4

4

2

4

2

2

5

I

I

•

4

2

1

*

3

I

I

.

#

I

I

1

3

I

I

I

.

2

.

I

1

I

•

•

4

4

5

•

3

2

•

3

4

•

I

2

I

2

2

1

•

•

3

5

I

6

5

I

8

4

2

I

2

4

5

I

2

•

2

2

I

I

4

4

4

'

4

3

I

1

4

3

3

4

4

2

I

2

2

3

4

4

3

I

I

I

I

2

2

2

I

I

I

I

4

3

1

I

2

I

I

I

5

3

1

I

I

I

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

I

3

3

#

3

I

2

3

.

•

1

•

.

•

•

•

.

•

•

I

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

2

•

2

•

•

•

I

•

•

3

•

•

#

28

29

29

22

27

50

44

40

24

21

23

17

18

20

l6

22

8

13

22

l6

5

I

2

I

6

6

3

3

I

2

5

5

5

•

3

3

4

3

5

I

6

10

10

8

8

22

8

12

8

6

5

6

6

IO

9

6

4

3

5

5

I

I

2

I

2

•

I

1

I

2

I

•

I

I

•

•

•

2

I

I

13

*5

15

l6

18

12

4

12

9

IO

9

7

5

7

8

6

4

8

6

3

4

3

2

2

3

5

I

3

2

6

4

4

3

2

2

2

I

2

I

24

27

II

13

30

13

7

16

9

15

7

11

7

IO

II

8

9

7

14

5

I

9

*

7

3

4

4

3

2

4

3

5

5

4

I

2

4

3

2

5

.

#

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•

•

.

a

•

.

.

.

•

•

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•

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6

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4

4

3

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,

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4

2

2

I

.

2

J

I

•

I

I

•

•

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I

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I

*

I

•

I

55

78

65

68

66

52

58

46

50

38

37

3f>

27

30

32

36

37

35

35

38

6

13

14

9

9

14

7

4

6

10

13

7

6

IO

II

II

9

14

9

6

5

6

12

8

6

8

7

2

5

3

5

6

8

9

TO

6

8

7

6

11

3

I

2

I

4

4

3

2

3

3

2

3

I

3

6

*

2

3

*

1

8

6

6

8

6

5

14

3

4

6

4

3

4

8

4

3

3

4

I

2

12

6

10

7

7

9

6

6

8

9

5

4

2

3

5

6

6

5

5

11

•

I

I

0

3

I

4

3

I

3

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

2

2

1

•

•

*

3

I

I

I

*

I

86

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

-

No.

3o

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire .

• •

189 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

135

54

7

1

7

6

3

5

2

17

I

8

5

6

2

7

3

5

3

4

1

31

Nottinghamshire

. .

I08 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

39

69

1

2

1

2

2

3

2

I

5

4

1

1

2

I

4

2

1

3

32

Derbyshire . .

• t

54 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

17

37

•

1

1

2

I

2

1

1

•

1

1

3

I

2

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire .

• •

347 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

225

122

7

6

4

3

12

3

6

2

11

5

13

2

7

3

3

3

5

3

8

6

34

Lancashire . .

• •

3569 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2745

824

91

34

106

30

107

22

102

29

157

27

151

32

114

20

128

30

120

31

104

40

9. York Division.

35

West Riding .

• •

2702 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

228l

421

47

9

65

14

58

7

84

13

116

11

116

13

123

11

107

18

132

18

96

22

*

36

East Riding (with York)

1626 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

I4O5

221

54

4

43

9

47

5

64

7

96

6

102

7

72

8

70

9

84

9

63

13

37

North Riding .

• •

39 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

20

19

•

«

2

1

3

1

1

2

3

•

I

•

3

1

ro. Northern Division.

38

Durham. .

• •

777 {

| Choi.
Diarrh.

666

hi

12

3

20

6

18

5

11

1

17

5

21

1

23

I

10

10

22

2

22

3

39

Northumberland

• •

752 {

Choi.

I Diarrh.

672

80

24

I

23

3

23

3

23

3

32

3

21

1

13

I

15

4

21

4

28

2

40

Cum! erland

• •

171 {

; Choi.
Diarrh.

148

23

10

9

6

1

3

2

6

1

1 2

4

1

5

5

4

4

41

Westmorland .

• •

3{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire

• •

297 {

Choi.

Diairli.

172

25

4

7

4

4

2

11

2

7

•

14

2

21

8

12

1

10

1

43

South Wales

• •

639 {

1 Choi.
Diarrh.

575

64

34

2

26

1

27

3

28

4

32

34

1

33

28

3

34

2

29

2

44

North Wales

•

136 |

j Choi.

1 Diarrh.

113

23

4

4

I

9

1

6

4

2

1

4

1

2

8

1

2

-a.

I

87

in Counties , on each Day of September.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

SEPTEMBER.

THE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

2

4

10

.4

I

2

4

5

4

8

5

3

I

3

2

I

I

3

4

2

I

•

2

2

3

I

I

3

I

I

I

3

•

•

3

I

4

•

I

2

.

I

I

I

3

«

I

I

I

.

3

2

•

I

3

I

1

5

I

5

•

2

5

2

8

2

2

2

I

•

4

2

•

3

3

•

•

,

.

I

#

I

.

2

2

•

1

2

4

•

•

X

J.

3

2

2

2

I

2

I

I

I

2

1

3

•

1

4

9

15

II

9

II

9

6

10

I

5

4

8

5

14

6

7

3

7

5 1

4

5

4

2

7

8

6

IO

2

4

6

2

3

7

3

3

3

4

I

2 R

106

100

124

1 14

84

78

74

9i

84

58

62

66

55

66

63

6l

7i

77

66

65 I

36

38

36

30

32

32

26

3i

25

18

21

32

25

23

32

21

21

12

21

18 1

66

88

III

72

77

76

58

78

67

66

44

67

63

58

53

57

6l

65

50

61 ji

13

15

14

17

l6

13

10

l6

19

15

16

9

14

14

18

13

13

12

9

19 1

65

54

75

41

45

35

44

42

39

29

23

19

28

25

3°

27

28

30

r4

12

II

5

l6

8

13

8

12

5

3

4

6

2

6

6

6

4

3

8

6

I

I

#

I

I

I

.

1

•

I

I

•

•

2

I

*

*

2

#

2

•

*

*

•

*

I

•

1

2

I

1 1

3°

24

32

43

39

32

25

31

18

23

21

19

18

14

33

18

21

X3

18

x8 j

4

3

6

5

3

7

5

4

I

2

3

4

3

7

2

3

4

4

I

3I!

33

30

24

29

30

18

32

21

12

13

10

19

34

18

20

21

22

17

17

29

I

4

4

4

3

4

6

•

3

5

3

2

•

2

2

2

2

5

3

3

4

2

7

3

4

3

5

4

6

I

4

7

4

4

4

6

4

9 !

I

2

' •

•

•

•

I

2

I

*

•

I

1

2

•

*

I

I

I ;

2

4

4

9

II

3

5

6

4

I

2

3

5

3

1

2

4

3

4 i

•

I

I

•

2

I

•

•

•

2

*

1

1

•

•

4

•

17

23

3i

26

30

17

17

9

20

X3

8

9

6

5

5

10

7

5

7

t. [

'4

6

2

3

I

2

I

2

2

3

I

2

3

4

1

4

I

*

3

4

2

7

7

6

4

2

3

5

2

3

I

.

5

3

6

3

2

2

2 ‘

I

I

2

•

2

•

2

*

3

•

I

I

2

1

88

1849* Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from ; {

|

|

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total. |

of

of each

DAY OF |

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

i. London.

Middlesex ( part of ) .

424 |

Choi.

Diarrli.

215

209

28

II

35

16

18
1 1

14

16

18

10

x4

11

12

x4

6

6

7

7

9

7

Surrey ( part of') .

169 |

Choi.

Diarrli.

IOI

68

I I

4

17

3

7

2

7

3

IO

4

4

3

8

4

7

4

4

3

4

3

Kent (Greenwich and)

39 {

Choi.

21

2

3

6

1

2

3

3

Lewisham) . . . J

2. South Eastern

Diarrli.

18

1

1

1

2

2

I

I

I

Division.

No.

I

Surrey (part of) .

28 {

Choi.

Diarrli.

12

16

•

1

I

I

.

1

•

I

I

I

I

3

2

2

Kent ( part of) . .

115 {

Choi.

Diarrli.

63

52

4

1

4

7

10

4

7

3

2

4

5

2

4

I

5

2

2

1

3

Sussex

60 |

Choi.

22

•

1

1

T

1

1

2

4

3

Diarrli.

38

1

3

2

I

2

•

1

3

3

2

4

Hampshire ....

58 {

Cliol.

Diarrli.

20

38

3

1

X*

4

3

•

2

1

3

3

1

2

I

1

3

5

Berkshire . . . .

40 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

25

15

1

5

1

I

•

1

2

3

4

3

4

1

1

3. South Midland

Division,

6

Middlesex ( part of) ,

3>{

! Choi.
j Diarrh.

21

16

1

l 1

5

1

3

1

I

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

3

2

•

7

Hertfordshire .

84 {

Choi.

64

4

1

6

5

a

4

4

I

4

1

Diarrh.

20

.

•

•

I

1

3

•

I

•

5

8

Buckinghamshire .

46 |

j Choi.
Diarrli.

30

16

2

1

1

3

1

5

4

2

2

1

1

•

2

1

•

9

Oxfordshire. . . .

38 {

1 Choi.

27

.

1

2

4

2

2

•

•

1

1 Diarrli.

11

•

1

•

■ •

1

•

I

2

•

1

10

Northamptonshire . .

99 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

66

33

3

2

2

1

4

1

4

4

2

1

3

2

5

2

4

4

2

6

II

Huntingdonshire ,

M

Choi.

Diarrli.

1 Choi.

2

4

•

•

,

•

•

1

•

•

*

•

12

Bedfordshire . . .

41 {

24

5

3

2

I

2

2

•

2

•

•

, Diarrh.

I

27

•

•

•

3

•

1

•

I

•

•

13

Cambridgeshire . ,

72 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

51

21

1

2

3

1

4

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

•

I

2

in Counties , on each Day of October. 89

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

OCTOBER.

THE

XI

7

5

7

4

1

3

3

2

I

2

2

I

I

3

i

1

3

2

MONTH.

12

13

14

15

16

x7

18

J9

20

21

22

:5

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

31

4

7

3

6

i

2

2

2

I

2

I

2

2

3

2

4

2

X

9

4

4

6

8

7

4

4

5

3

5

6

2

5

6

4

6

2

2

3

3

I

2

I

2

I

#

.

2

#

.

I

.

1

*

1

•

.

3

2

•

•

•

•

4

2

2

3

•

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I

2

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4

I

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I

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•

•

•

1

•

I

3

5

I

2

I

I

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•

2

I

2

•

I

1

I

2

•

2

2

«

3

I

2

I

•

•

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2

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•

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•

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•

.

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•

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•

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•

•

I

•

2

I

•

•

•

2

•

•

1

•

•

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2

3

2

I

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2

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1

2

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90

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

.

Total.

of

of each

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No.

H

4. Eastern Dja ision.
Essex

105 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

47

53

4

1

2

2

5

3

3

2

6

2

1

3

3

2

2

15

Suffolk . . .

• •

25 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

23

4

2

1

2

•

•

•

I

16

Norfolk . ,

• •

84 j

Choi

Diarrh.

54

30

2

3

2

2

7

1

3

1

4

2

1

2

2

5

1

5. South Western
Division.

*7

Wiltshire . .

• •

27 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

12

15

1

1

I

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

•

1 8

Dorsetshire . .

• •

•Choi.

Diarrh.

II

6

m

I

I

2

1

1

1

1

2

19

Devonshire . .

• •

269 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

221

48

25

18

2

8

2

14

3

11

1

10

2

17

4

15

1

20

Cornwall

• •

no |

Choi.

Diarrh.

94

16

8

2

5

11

7

6

1

6

9

6

1

21

Somersetshire .

• •

236 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

192

44

8

3

j)

9

1

9

1

4

8

1

15

3

10

2

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire

. .

141 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

94

47

8

1

8

4

12

1

4

2

12

2

8

4

1

5

2

23

Herefordshire .

♦ *

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

#

1

.

•

.

24

Shropshire . .

• •

22 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

14

8

1

1

3

•

2

•

I

2

1

25

Staffordshire .

• •

726 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

560

166

44

JO

65

12

68

8

37

2

34

7

39

8

3i

10

27

9

26

Worcestershire

• •

143 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

120

23

5

1

7

1

7

4

8

2

13

1

5

1

8

1

9

27

Warwickshire .

• •

I46 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

41

105

6

9

5

4

4

4

3

7

3

3

5

4

2

5

1

3

7. North Midland
Division.

28

Leicestershire .

• •

31 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2 1

*

1

2

1

1

2

.

1

29

Rutlandshire .

• •

■{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

I

DAY OF

*•> 4-

91

in Counties, on each Day of October.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

OCTOBER.

THE MONTH.

12

i3

i4

15

l6

17

18

J9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3i

I

I

2

5

I

•

I

•

I

I

I

I

I

3

4

I

I

3

I

3

2

2

3

•

I

I

3

2

2

_•

3

2

I

•

#

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92

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from •

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of eacli

DAY OF

Death.

Cause, j

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

30

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire .

t •

38 {

Choi,

Diarrh.

8

30

I

2

2

•

3

2

I

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5

31

Nottinghamshire

• •

64 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

32

32

I

3

3

1

1

1

•

1

2

2

3

2

6

32

Derbyshire . .

• •

26 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

14

12

•

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I

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1

l

I

2

I

8. North Western
Division.

33

Cheshire < .

• •

101 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

57

44

2

4

6

3

7

1

2

1

4

1

7

4

6

2

5

4

2

I

3

1

34

Lancashire . .

• •

986 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

589

397

48

22

69

IO

53

16

44

27

39

23

19

23

23

14

22

18

29

14

22

21

9. York Division.

35

West Riding .

• •

io33 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

776

257

62

12

65

_I5

45

3

43

16

44

14

40

14

4i

16

29

8

35

16

25

10

36

East Riding (with York)

138 j

Choi.

Diarrh.

82

56

13

2

9

3

13

5

9

2

8

2

7

2

5

7

3

1

1

4

2

37

North Riding .

• •

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

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10. Northern Division.

38

Durham. . «

• •

355 {

j Choi .

Diarrh.

288

67

28

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4

20

5

15

8

19

6

16

4

13

4

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3

11

1

39

Northumberland

• •

349 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

303

46

27

4

33

16

1

21

6

24

3

22

3

12

4

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2

10

2

40

Cumberland .

• •

119 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

104

15

4

7

2

6

3

1

3

1

7

1

I

6

1

•

7

1

41

Westmorland ,

• •

2{

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11. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire

• •

31 i

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South Wales t

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Choi.

Diarrh.

102

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9

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2

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1

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2

44

North Wales .

• •

56 j

j Cliol.
Diarrh.

!

43

13

6

3

6

1

I 7
1 1

4

1

7

2

2

1

1

2

1

x|

93

in Counties, on each Day of October.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

OCTOBER.

HE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

29

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

*1

29

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94

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

|

1°

i. London.

Middlesex of)

84 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

12

72

2

3

2

3

4

1

4

•

I

4

2

I

I

7

Surrey (part of)

38 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

31

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

•

•

2

4

I

1

1

Kent (Greenwich andl
Lewisham) . . . j

*{

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

4

•

•

'•

1

•

•

•

No.

i

2. Sooth Eastern
Division,

Surrey ( part of) .

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

7

•

1

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

Kent ( part of) . .

14 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

H

*

1

5

•

1

•

t

1

3

Sussex

10 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

9

I

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

4

Hampshire ....

■H

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

12

•

1

1

•

2

I

I

1

5

Berkshire ....

■M

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

12

•

1

1

1

1

•

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex ( part of) .

5{

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

6

•

•

1

•

•

•

.

•

2

•

1

7

Hertfordshire . . •

36 {

j Choi.
Diarrh.

23

13

I

•

2

1

2

1

1

2

I

I

2

1

I

•

I

3

8

Buckinghamshire .

M

j Choi.

\ Diarrh.

’*6

•

I

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1

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•

•

•

•

•

•

1

9

Oxfordshire.

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

6

•

•

•

•

I

1

I

«

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10

Northamptonshire . .

of

I Choi.
Diarrh.

24

13

I

2

1

1

3

2

I

I

1

3

I

•

II

Huntingdonshire .

7 f

1 Choi.
Diarrh.

2

5

2

.

12

Bedfordshire

16 {

1 Choi.
Diarrh.

11

5

•

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2

•

I

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13

Cambridgeshire . .

■»{

awi.

Diarrh.

17

6

•

•

1

4

1

•

I

1

I

I

•

1

95

in Counties, on each Day of November.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

NOVEMBER.

[TIE MONTH.

II

12

*3

14 1

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

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4

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1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

4. Eastern Division.

H

Essex

12 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

II

•

1

•

1

,

3

•

1

1

i5

Suffolk

12 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

II

I

I

•

1

I

2

l6

Norfolk

■H

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

ll

.

1

1

.

4

I

I

1

.

5. South Western

Division.

r7

Wiltshire ....

i

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

3

•

•

•

•

•

1

1

•

.

•

18

Dorsetshire

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

3

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

19

Devonshire ....

28 |

Choi.

15

2

1

2

•

2

•

2

.

.

1 Diarrh.

13

I

•

I

1

•

I

•

2

2

20

Cornwall ....

28 {

Choi.

21

I

6

•

.

•

2

I

•

1

Diarrh.

7

•

*

•

1

•

•

I

•

•

21

Somersetshire . . .

x89 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

168

21

5

1

I

8

2

18

2

11

1

4

12

4

2

12

ir

6. West Midland

Division.

22

Gloucestershire . .

26 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

| Choi.
Diarrh.

10

16

•

1

2

1

1

1

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

23

Herefordshire .

2 1

2

•

♦

•

*

•

•

•

•

•

•

24

Shropshire ....

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

Clwl.

5

.

1

•

•

•

•

25

Staffordshire . •

125 |

75

7

7

4

3

7

5

5

•

1

1

Diarrh.

5°

2

I

2

1

4

1

1

2

1

4

26

Worcesfershire. . .

69 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

5°

19

4

1

2

3

1

2

1

4

1

i

2

2

5

1

1

1

5

2

27

Warwickshire . •

47 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

44

3

I

1

•

.

3

2

1

2

2

2

2

7. North Midland

Division.

28

Leicestershire .

1° {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

8

1

I

•

1

1

•

•

•

•

•

29

Rutlandshire . . .

•1

Choi.

Diarrh.

97

in Counties, on each Day of November.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

NOVEMBER.

jfTHE MONTH.

1 1

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

I

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•

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2

5

5

5

3

7

10

3

5

2

3

4

3

4

3

3

4

3

5

I

I

I

I

3

I

3

I

I

I

I

I

I

2

•

I

I

•

.

2

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

.

•

.

I

I

I

.

•

•

•

•

5

2

4

3

5

4

I

2

t

3

I

2

2

•

.

•

.

3

3

I

3

4

I

3

I

I

■

2

I

*

4

I

2

I

I

2

I

2

I

2

I

.

2

I

I

,

I

2

1

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

I

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

2

.

1

.

•

2

I

I

4

3

I

2

1

I

2

I

I

I

2

4

I

1

I

'

#

I

:

:

I

I

•

•

•

•

*

•

II

98

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Cliol.

6

1

2

I

Diarrh.

12

•

•

1

•

•

•

I

•

2

I

Choi.

19

1

1

.

I

I

2

2

I

Diarrh.

23

1

1

1

•

I

•

•

•

•

2

Choi.

I

I

#

.

#

Diarrh.

3

'

■

•

I

Choi.

6

1

1

I

I

Diarrh.

if

•

•

2

2

I

•

I

I

I

Choi.

63

4

5

3

4

5

2

3

5

I

2

Diarrh.

243

5

5

8

10

7

5

6

8

I

2

Choi.

143

23

10

II

7

5

9

7

4

4

7

Diarrh.

127

7

10

4

II

3

3

4

5

10

2

Choi

2

.

•

•

I

I

•

,

Diarrh.

16

•

•

I

■

3

2

2

•

•

I

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

•

•

*

•

I

•

•

*

I

I

Choi.

35

2

4

I

2

I

3

3

I

2

I

Diarrh.

15

1

1

•

•

•

I

•

•

2

Choi.

60

2

5

4

6

3

5

2

4

I

3

Diarrh.

27

1

2

I

•

•

I

•

2

2

2

Choi.

18

2

I

I

•

I

I

#

Diarrh.

3

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Clwl.

a

Diarrh.

1

Choi.

16

2

I

I

Diarrh.

ir

1

•

•

2

I

•

•

I

Choi.

16

.

1

3

2

I

#

m

I

Dianh.

35

2

1

I

I

3

I

I

I

I

•

Choi.

Diarrh.

*1

r

I

COUNTIES.

No.

to

3*

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

Lincolnshire . . .

Nottinghamshire .
Derbyshire ....

8. North Western

Division.

Cheshire ....
Lancashire ....

9. York Division.

West Riding . .

East Riding (with York)

North Riding . . .

10. Northern Division.
Durham

Northumberland . .

Cumberland .

Westmorland . . .

11. Welsh Division.
Monmouthshire

South Wales . .

North Walis . . .

Total.

32

4

23

206

260

18

50 {
87 {

27

St

99

in Counties, on each Day of November.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

NOVEMBER.

THE MONTH.

II

12

13

i4

15

l6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

I

*

•

I

•

I

•

•

2

•

•

•

2

I

,

I

I

2

„

2

I

,

,

.

•

I

I

•

•

•

I

• '

•

2

•

•

•

•

I

I

*

I

I

I

•

I

2

•

•

•

2

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

2

2

I

2

3

2

2

2

2

3

I

2

I

I

I

I

I

5

5

3

6

6

8

5

3

2

4

7

4

2

2

4

5

3

5

3

4

6

7

3

3

4

6

6

3

3

4

2

3

I

2

3

I

3

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

4

5

I

3

2

4

5

3

4

3

I

3

5

3

•

3

I

•

■

•

2

•

•

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

3

I

•

•

I

3

I

3

2

I

I

I

I

I

•

•

I

I

I

•

2

I

I

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

I

I

2

3

2

.

2

I

4

I

2

I

2

•

I

2

I

.

.

I

I

•

I

•

I

I

2

I

2

•

•

I

I

•

I

I

2

•

2

2

2

I

m

I

•

I

.

•

I

I

•

.

.

.

•

I

•

•

*

•

I

■

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

*

*

*

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

••

•

I

•

I

I

•

I

I

I

I

4

I

I

•

2

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

I

I

3

I

#

9

•

•

•

•

•

I

2

. ■

I

•

•

2

•

2

3

*

•

3

I

2

•

•

4

3

•

I

I

H 2

100

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

j Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

; Death.

Cause.

I

2

1 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

IO

I. London.

MiddlesexQiart of) •

39)

j Choi.
Diarrh.

2

37

3

2

3

.

J i

I

.

2

1

2

•

•

Surre}' ( part of) . . .

29 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

‘

29

2

#

2

:

#

2

I

I

Kent (Greenwich anil )
Lewisham . . . J

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

•

•

•

1

1

•

•

•

•

2. South Eastern
Division.

No.

I

Surrey ( part of) . .

10 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

I

.

1

•

1

2

.

I

2

Kent ( part of) . ,

8I

Clwl.

Diarrh.

8

1 .

•

I

2

3

Sussex . . . . ,

C

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

4

•

*

1

1

:

1

•

4

Hampshire ....

i° |

Choi.

Diarrh.

IO

I

1

1

1

:

1

5

Berkshire ....

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

e

•

1

•

1

•

I

3. South Midland
Division.

6

Middlesex (part of)

i

Choi.

Diarrh.

7

I

1

1

I

I

7

Hertfordshire . .

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

4

I

1

#

I

2

8

Buckinghamshire ■

9 1

Choi

Diarrh.

9

3

1

2

9

Oxfordshire . . ,

12 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

12

I

1

1

•

•

IO !

Northamptonshire .

••{

Choi.

Diarrh.

:

II

Huntingdonshire .

12 {|

Choi.

Diarrh.

3

9

:

1

1

1

I

I

12

Bedfordshire . . .

H

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

1

i3

Cambridgeshire . .

10 i

1

Choi.
Dial ill.

IO

•

:

•

•

•

•

;

•

101

in Counties, on each Day of December.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

DECEMBER-

ITIE MONTH.

II

12

13

14

15

16

*7

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

31

4

2

I

I

2

•

I

2

I

I

•

2

2

I

I

•

•

2

•

•

•

•

2

•

2

I

4

2

2

2

I

•

I

•

•

2

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

#

I

%

I

#

I

#

#

#

•

•

.

2

.

I

.

•

.

.

.

I

.

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

•

I

•

•

■ •

•

•

.

I

•

•

2

I

I

♦

•

I

•

•

.

I

•

I

I

.

I

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

I

•

•

•

I

I

•

•

2

I

2

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

I

•

•

I

•

I

I

I

•

•

I

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

•

2

I

•

•

I

I

I

I

I

102 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of each

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

No.

14

4. Eastern Division.
Essex

M

Choi.

Diarrh.

I

7

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

1

2

•

•

15

Suffolk

ro {

Choi.

Diarrh.

10

2

#

•

I

•

I

I

I

l6

Norfolk

12 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

12

•

1

.

I

.

•

•

.

5. South Western
Division.

17

Wiltshire ....

16 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

12

I

.

1

•

3

I

I

I

I

18

Dorsetshire . .

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

.

.

19

Devonshire ....

18 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

16

I

1

1

1

2

I

#

I

20

Cornwall ....

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

10

•

•

•

I

I

I

2

21

Somersetshire .

38 f

Choi.

Diarrh.

21

17

r 3

2

1

1

4

1

I

2

2

I

I

I

I

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire ■ .

21 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

19

I

•

1

1

2

I

3

I

23

Herefordshire .

■i

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

*.

•

•

I

•

•

24

Shropshire ....

91

Choi.

I Diarrh.

2

7

•

25

Staffordshire . .

48 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

9

39

•

4

1

1

2

r

1

I

I

I

I

2

2

26

Worcestershire .

3°{

Choi.

Diarrh.

17

13

1

1

1

2

•

I

•

I

I

I

I

27

Warwickshire . .

30 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

1

•

3

I

2

I

•

I

I

•

7. North Midland
Division.

28

Leicestershire .

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

1

•

2

•

•

.

•

I

•

I

29

Rutlandshire .

' Choi.
Diarrh.

2

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

103

in Counties , on each Day of December.
Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

DECEMBER-

'HE MONTH.

II

12

13

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3°

3i

•

•

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

i

•

•

I

•

I

•

.

I

2

i

I

•

I

I

I

I

I

I

2

I

.

.

I

•

I

.

.

.

.

.

•

•

I

•

•

.

I

I

I

I

•

I

•

1

•

I

•

I

•

•

•

I

•

•

I

I

•

•

•

2

•

•

•

I

I

2

I

.

•

.

2

I

.

#

•

•

.

I

2

I

i

1

I

2

I

I

I

•

•

•

1

*

•

I

•

2

I

I

I

I

•

•

•

•

2

I

-

I

•

I

•

I

•

•

.

I

I

I

2

2

i

•

2

2

I

I

4

4

•

•

I

2

3

I

m

2

m

•

m

i

I

I

I

2

•

•

#

•

.

•

I

I

I

I

•

•

•

1

2

•

•

2

•

•

•

I

2

•

•

I

3

I

2

3

•

2

2

2

I

2

I

I

104

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

Causes

Total

COUNTIES.

Total.

of

of eacli

DAY OF

Death.

Cause.

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

i 9

IO

I

7. North Midland
Division — continued.

•

No.

3°

Lincolnshire . .

"1

Choi.

Diarrh.

II

1

1

I

I

• ,

3i

Nottinghamshire . .

23 {

Cliol.

Diairh.

16

7

I

I

1

1

1

1

•

32

Derbyshiie ....

= 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

5

•

•

•

•

I

•

I

8. North Western

Division.

33

Cheshire ....

18 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

2

16

I

•

1

1

•

•

•

2

•

I

I

I

34

Lancashire ....

96 |

Choi.

Diarrh.

14

82

6

I

4

3

4

1

2

3

I

3

1

I

I

4

3

9. York Division.

35

West Riding . . ,

76 {

Clwl.

Diarrh.

36

40

1

2

1

3

1

2

1

1

2

1

2

2

1

4

2

1

2

2

2

36

East Riding (with York)

10 1

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

9

•

1

1

1

•

1

•

•

•

•

37

North Riding . .

ro. Northern Division.

7 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

6

•

1

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

38

Durham ....

29 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

14

15

I

1

1

•

.

1

I

•

39

Northumberland .

4|

Clwl.

Diarrh.

1

3

•

1

•

I

40

Cumberland .

9 {

Choi.

Diarrh.

1

8

1

.

I

•

4i

Westmorland . .

-1

Choi.

Diarrh.

ir. Welsh Division.

42

Monmouthshire . .

4 )

Choi.

Diarrh.

4

•

.

•

.

•

I

•

43

South Wales . . .

■'1

Choi.
Diari h.

3

24

I

1

1

*

2

I

•

44

1

North Wales ...

#{

Choi.

Diarrh.

6

•

•

in Counties , on each Day of December .

105

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

DECEMBER,

THE MONTH.

‘

12

13

14

15

16

*7

18

r9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

28

29

3°

31

1.

I

I

i

I

I

I

I

#

#

I

#

2

3

3

2

I

I

,

•

*

i

I

I

•

•

•

*

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

i

I

I

I

I

I

2

I

I

2

1

I

T

,

I

I

#

I

,

#

.

#

•

I

•

•

•

.

•

9

2

3

4

2

2

4

3

3

X

2

I

I

3

3

2

6

1

2

3

3

2

I

3

I

2

I

I

2

I

•

1

I

1

I

2

I

I

2

•

3

I

I

2

•

I

I

*

•

•

2

•

•

•

•

I

.

•

.

•

2

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

1

#

.

#

I

.

•

•

.

.

.

.

•

•

*

•

I

•

I

*

2

'

*

*

I

I

•

I

3

2

I

I

I

I

I

1

1

•

•

•

2

I

I

I

»

I

•

•

2

•

I

I

•

•

m

«

•

•

•

•

I

■

I

•

I

m

.

I

•

I

2

•

I

•

I

#

#

,

•

.

*

•

•

•

■

*

•

I

•

•

■

•

•

•

•

■

•

•

I

•

*

*

I

•

•

I

•

•

I

I

I

•

•

2

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

I

I

2

I

I

•

•

•

106

1849. Deaths from Cholera

London : — Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

LONDON.

Total.

Causes

of

Death.

Total
of each
Cause.

X

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

DA

9

Y OF
10

1

Choi.

14137

466

515

496

545

522

482

492

528

502

00

0

w\

Year 1849

18036 |

Diarrh.

3899

130

140

T 20

117

136

1 12

127

135

IT9

136

, 1

Cliol.

292

2

8

8

l6

20

24

13

25

17

14

January .

446 -j

Diarrli.

154

4

2

3

4

7

6

6

7

10

3

f

Cliol.

180

5

3

7

8

6

9

II

8

12

14

February . •

316 1

Diarrh.

136

8

8

7

3

II

5

3

3

6

5

(

Choi.

40

5

I

3

2

2

3

2

2

J

March . . .

146 j

Diarrh.

106

4

6

4

2

4

2

4

3

3

I

1

Choi.

9

.

I

I

I

April ....

99 |

Diarrh.

90

•

2

•

4

4

•

5

2

4

4

1

Choi.

24

I

I

.

2

2

,

I

May ....

127 j

Diarrh.

103

5

2

3

3

2

2

3

I

3

3

Choi.

279

I

2

2

3

4

10

7

7

5

June ....

429 1

Diarrh.

150

I

7

5

2

2

3

3

9

5

12 ,

I

Choi.

2555

19

37

3°

20

21

29

35

34

45

67

July ....

3239 |

Diarrh.

684

12

14

10

3

10

8

14

12

29

II

J

Choi.

5368

I42

123

98

138

127

96

no

128

IO4

124

August . . .

6361 j

Diarrh.

993

29

36

29

27

30

25

29

38

20

32

c I

Choi.

5031

25O

282

316

336

314

297

284

311

299

264

September . .

6043 -j

Diarrh.

10x2

42

38

37

42

41

44

34

41

34

47

1

Cliol.

337

41

55

31

22

28

20

23

13

II

l6

October .

632 -j

Diarrh.

295

16

20

13

20

l6

l6

19

II

II

10

1

Choi

20

.

3

I

I

I

2

3

2

November . .

127 j

Diarrh.

107

4

3

4

6

7

•

5

5

I

8

1

Cliol.

2

1

I

.

December

*

71 1

Diarrh.

69

5

1

2

5

I

2

I

2

3

3

•

107

and Diarrhoea on each Day.

on each Day of each of the 12 Months of 1849.

THE MONTH.

12

13

14

15

l6

17

18

x9

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3i

4

488

433

553

472

465

442

381

374

4i3

449

410

362

377

390

451

4r5

450

477

433

496

350

114

139

113

I29

139

139

120

137

142

134

I24

121

155

132

Il6

136

117

III

US

12 I

73

12

13

12

6

6

7

4

2

7

5

7

5

8

6

7

7

5

6

4

9

7

5

7

6

I

4

8

4

5

6

5

4

6

2

7

3

6

4

I

6

5

7

7

2

II

2

6

4

5

7

4

10

2

8

3

7

4

7

3

5

•

.

•

5

5

7

3

4

3

5

2

6

7

2

5

4

2

4

3

5

5

•

•

•

3

2

I

2

1

•

I

I

4

I

.

.

.

.

•

•

I

•

.

•

2

2

6

6

3

4

5

2

6

4

2

3

I

•

4

5

5

5

2

4

2

2

I

•

•

•

I

•

I

•

1

.

•

.

.

.

•

•

I

.

I

.

•

2

I

5

6

I

5

I

5

4

3

I

3

I

6

2

6

2

6

5

•

.

.

•

a

2

I

•

I

I

.

I

•

I

.

3

I

I

I

•

2

2

2

3

6

8

2

I

5

6

4

3

2

4

4

3

4

2

2

2

4

7

2

9

5

9

5

7

10

7

12

6

8

8

6

8

14

10

l6

23

24

27

24

*

8

7

3

7

5

7

I

I

7

2

7

4

3

10

I

3

8

4

6

7

•

58

46

79

9i

97

121

79

84

IOI

I2G

126

109

104

95

123

114

109

IX7

121

172

152

12

14

l6

15

24

24

28

28

27

3r

29

34

45

35

32

39

33

28

24

24

29

I5 7

166

214

204

185

173

151

155

168

214

193

158

180

203

240

220

249

280

238

243

187

23

3°

21

32

30

35

25

42

41

40

37

27

5i

32

27

46

29

28

39

35

28

226

192

217

156

153

120

13 1

IO9

119

89

69

75

71

62

63

46

57

38

41

44

•

39

46

38

43

46

41

33

30

30

25

26

3°

29

29

24

18

18

20

20

27

•

14

7

9

5

7

3

3

2

2

I

4

I

2

3

•

4

2

5

2

1

•

9

12

6

4

7

10

7

9

7

7

6

5

7

4

7

8

6

7

4

6

5

1

•

•

I

I

2

.

•

I

•

.

•

•

•

I

•

.

■

•

•

5

2

2

5

4

•

2

3

2

6

5

I

5

4

•

3

I

9

2

3

•

i '4

5

I

I

3

3

4

3

4

3

2

•

3

2

I

3

I

•

3

•

•

•

108

1840. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea,

Divisions : — Deaths from Cholera

|

Deaths

DIVISIONS.

i Population
1841:.

from

Cholera

Total.

Sex.

Causes of
Death.

Deaths.

Under

Diarrhoea

I

1

2

3

4

\ car.

15914^8

72130

(■ 53293

1 Males
(Females

Choi.

Choi.

26108

27185

625

5ii

85

77--

87

77/

778

706

733

702

ENGLAND . .

( 18887

/ Males

Diarrh.

9637

4H3

1406

53i

29;

146

( l1 emale

Diarrh.

9250

3416

i34£

505

254

129

No.

i

London .....

1948369

18036

C I4I3 7

1 Males
l Females

Choi.

Choi.

6701

7436

167

132

26C

22C

232

2o£

203

J75

198

267

( 3399

j Males

Diarrh.

1970

867

29?

103

37

25

(be mates

Diarrh.

1929

734

282

8/

59

22

( 3209

! / AT .lies

Choi.

i679

29

5c

4C

74

41

1479863

4678

| ( Females

Choi.

1530

21

38

42

40

37

2

South Eastern . . .

( 1469

/Males

Diarrh.

749

266

92

3i

21

14

( b emak s

Diarrh.

720

214

8c

46

18

16

C I517

[/Males

Choi.

793

19

2C

25

16

22

( Females

Choi.

724

12

28

25

27

26

3

South Midland . . .

II41542

2430

l 913

!J Males

Diarrh.

454

167

63

26

9

4

( Females

Diarrh.

459

153

85

23

10

4

( 879

j Males

Choi.

456

II

18

23

12

15

1040616

1653

( Females

Choi.

423

12

II

13

15

13

4

Eastern

<

( 774

| Males
( Females

Diarrh.

417

189

35

17

8

6

Diarrh.

357

123

29

J7

8

3

1 4564

/ Males

Choi.

2248

60

81

86

88

92

South Western . . .

5650

(Females

Choi.

2316

51

95

74

79

75

5

1740032

| 1086

/ Males

Diarrh.

572

207

47

35

7

23

( Females

Diarrh.

5H

r4i

46

23

18

II

r 5174

/ Males

Choi.

2679

64

115

III

64

89

West Midland . . .

(Female-

Choi.

2495

60

89

89

76

73

6

1902125

7577

1 2403

/ Males

Diarrh.

1253

580

172

74

21

12

( Females

Diarrh.

1150

467

163

77

33

22

{ 534

| Males

Choi.

317

18

10

7

5

8

( Females

Choi.

267

7

5

9

6

6

7

North Midland . . .

III0203

1343

/ Males

Diarrh.

188

- 764

397

40

15

2

5

( Females

Diarrh.

367

172

38

15

7

3

, 8836

/Males

Choi.

4122

1 2 I

112

133

130

100

8

2067164

( Females

Choi.

4714

97

II7

I 2 1

120

130

North Western . .

15042

/ Males

Diarrh.

[ 4206

2128

1059

385

1 2 1

47

34

( Females

Diai rh.

2078

916

396

129

43

25

j 6346

j Males

Choi.

3126

69

90

94

82

6l

Yorkshire ....

( Females

Choi.

3220

58

72

75

64

64

9

1584116

8301

/ Males

Diarrh.

' 1955

97°j

367

I70

53

24

25

( Females

Diarrh.

985

313

159

53

23

14

C 3474

( Males

Choi.

1614

32

48

6l

47

42

Northern

(Females

Choi.

i860

24

54

45

52

59

10

826555

4263

{

( Males

Diarrh.

l 789 :

379;

157

57

29

4

9

(Females

Diarili.

4I0!

135

57

21

19

5

C 4573;

' Males

Clwl.

2373

35

41

6l

57

65

Welsh

Females

Choi.

2 200

37

45

76

52

52

lr

1068547

5202

Males

Diarrh.

!. 629

348

65

47

26

27

9

Females

Diarrh.

281

48

33

14

l6

4

Persons travelling by Railways and Canals

5016

1

in Divisions , at different Ages ,

109

and Diarhocea, at different Ages, in the Year 1849.

AGES.

Total

Under

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

90

3866

2438

1349

[027

2552

1869

[968

1903

1809

2 785

1632

2327

1288

919

691

384

192

56

14

347°

2358

121 7

979

2594

2112

2191

2:95

'973

2749

1638

2436

2473

1132

823

554

273

81

iG

6393

292

109

93

95

125

107

233

226

158

275

223

283

328

351

323

198

103

14

5652

296

IIO

94

128

152

142

2 74

152

151

180

226

284

358

415

3&3

238

104

20

1066

681

374

292

404

443

523

491

413

437

438

325

307

2x9

158

79

38

6

3

902

616

3°5

238

4OO

501

568

6x3

590

525

470

392

451

35 7

24C

273

78

22

4

i33i

64

23

19

15

17

27

33

31

36

29

48

59

84

64

47

33

27

3

U84

56

l6

11

20

34

20

45

33

32

3«

57

58

67

96

82

52

23

3

240

271

83

68

227

104

98

Il6

100

229

205

37

94

54

60

35

14

5

4

178

168

84

(76

90

104

1 14

106

94

89

93

7°

IOI

57

51

32

29

9

•

424

21

8

8

13

19

10

II

9

13

20

21

22

27

39

40

25

13

5

374

28

10

27

14

13

15

12

25

13

25

19

18

39

32

37

30

15

4

102

105

48

24

43

59

67

62

46

53

35

34

46

25

29

8

5

I

118

67

48

28

62

46

49

45

43

45

33

36

33

18

23

18

7

•

•

269

12

4

4

7

7

4

5

6

8

8

8

18

14

29

3°

14

6

I

255

13

10

7

7

13

6

8

7

12

II

7

8

25

25

21

17

4

2

79

49

26

12

26

32

3i

25

20

27

22

28

32

iG

14

10

6

•

I

64

45

21

19

18

36

22

33

14

25

23

18

21

23

17

iG

8

•

•

255

14

6

4

4

4

4

7

2

2

5

7

13

13

26

26

17

7

I

180

15

8

5

3

6

4

10

12

6

10

6

I I

16

17

20

l6

9

2

407

276

146

92

ir8

235

231

131

128

i ro

124

130

103

88

71

36

27

8

2

374

252

234

95

IOI

168

163

243

l6l

125

117

I 2 I

105

100

63

49

3°

IO

4

309

29

5

8

II

10

6

6

8

14

13

13

19

30

27

29

17

l6

I

239

23

9

5

9

6

7

12

9

1 1

15

l6

27

35

28

26

21

14

I

443

298

176

116

172

186

259

182

182

244

132

IIO

129

92

74

50

27

5

I

3B7

254

247

108

170

192

204

152

255

126

128

107

I 12

99

79

4‘

20

10

2

859

27

14

9

8

25

25

25

18

29

19

32

34

37

43

37

34

16

I

762

33

iG

18

27

I I

l6

26

I J

27

17

20

32

4'

Gi

37

15

6

I

43

2 I

9

II

23

29

21

12

23

28

21

1 1

19

13

21

9

5

3

.

33

13

7

10

27

24

24

16

15

24

13

21

19

I I

13

8

6

3

•

250

7

8

3

5

6

3

7

5

5

7

6

16

17

19

18

11

3

.

235

3

3

3

7

8

3

7

2

2

9

9

17

9

19

18

9

4

•

596

372

178

239

209

301

349

342

336

339

2&6

20 J

176

136

90

44

23

12

.

5B5

364

277

243

277

434

421

4x6

394

357

334

226

250

254

85

59

27

6

2

1646

44

29

7

12

19

27

26

21

36

31

46

45

50

43

32

17

5

I

1509

59

20

8

29

28

29

35

32

26

35

33

43

6l

48

45

29

6

2

396

207

134

IIO

166

234

228

237

248

226

234

192

183

144

103

46

28

7

I

333

243

123

127

207

262

280

244

200

215

209

2x8

x 8 2

243

132

67

29

10

1

629

42

24

24

6

23

14

24

29

is

25

26

25

36

33

23

12

8

.

562

40

5

1 1

24

l6

22

25

2 I

15

19

35

32

39

55

40

27

12

2

230

132

74

7°

98

118

232

224

122

112

105

78

92

53

27

35

r8

3

.

234

I29

78

75

103

132

259

255

138

122

IOI

1 10

93

78

67

42

17

6

I

256

iC

2

5

7

3

1

4

3

1

9

9

14

8

12

l6

8

4

I

237

23

6

5

5

1 I

23

i

4

9

6

13

II

12

16

l8

14

9

•

259

247

IOI

93

275

238

229

292

191

190

141

121

108

79

44

32

21

6

2

262

20 y

91

80

249

293

187

272

169

116

117

227

IOI

92

53

49

32

5

2

165

18

6

12

7

E 2

6

5

4

6

9

7

18

12

16

25

IO

IO

.

215

13

7

4

3

6

7

4

5

8

5

11

27

14

18

19

8

2

3

95

28

18

1

3

4

I

wards.

110

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea,

Counties : — Deaths from Cholera

Deatlis

COUNTIES.

Population,

1841.

from

Cholera

Total.

Sex.

Causes of
Death.

Deatlis.

Under

Diarrhoea.

I

Year.

I

2

3

4

i. London.

r 7000

(Males

Choi.

3388

90

no

IOI

90

82

Middlesex (part of) .

a

1442 731

9593

(Females

Cltol.

3612

57

90

90

75

72

l 2593

( Males

Diarrh.

1306

604

185

69

26

18

(Females

Diarrh.

1287

510

185

6l

40

l6

| 6323

( Males

Choi.

2814

68

151

122

98

105

Surrey (part of).

#

398537

7373

( Females

Choi.

35°9

70

119

hi

93

90

l 1050

J Males

Diarrh.

518

208

94

28

9

6

t Females

Diarrh.

532

I77

80

22

17

6

| 814

(Males

Choi.

499

9

5

9

15

II

Kent (Greenwich and)

IO4011

3090

1070

( Females

Choi.

3i5

5

IJ

7

7

5

Lewisham)

Police on Duty .

^ 256

( Males
(Females

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

I46

no

55

47

29

!7

7

4

2

2

1

2. South Eastern

Division.

( 256

( Males

Choi.

141

5

I

3

5

6

No.

( Females

Choi.

ir5

3

4

I

3

I

Surrey ( part of) .

•

187868

400

l 144

( Males

Diarrh.

76

32

7

3

2

2

( Females

Diarrh.

68

18

8

5

•

•

r 1208

( Males

Choi.

650

8

l6

14

28

14

( Females

Choi.

558

9

6

l6

15

14

2

Kent (part of) . .

•

447115

15

l 507

( Males

Diarrh.

2 74

105

42

17

9

7

( Females

Diarrh.

233

81

34

13

6

6

f 3”

(Males

Choi.

187

3

6

5

3

4

(Females

Choi.

168

I

I

4

I

2

3

Sussex ....

■

302460

634

1 279

( Males

Diarrh.

129

48

II

5

5

I

( Females

Diarrh.

150

41

13

9

3

2

r 1240

(Males

Choi.

625

12

26

24

34

l6

(Females

Choi.

615

JI

25

13

20

15

4

Hampshire .

•

352048

1630

1 39°

(Males

Diarrh.

185

62

23

5

2

I

(Females

Diarrh.

205

56

20

14

6

5

C 15°

(Males

Choi.

76

I

I

.

4

I

( F emales

Choi.

74

,

3

5

3

3

5

Berkshire. .

•

190372

299

l it9

( Males

Diarrh.

85

19

9

I

3

3

(Females

Diarrh.

64

18

5

5

3

3

3. South Midland

Division.

f 8

(Males

Choi.

216

7

8

10

5

I

(Females

Choi.

192

3

5

8

9

5

1

6

Middlesex (part of).

•

140895

595

1 187

(Males

Diarrh.

96

42

14

5

I

(Females

Diarrh.

91

34

10

8

•

•

( Males

Choi.

277

2

2

3

6

6

7

Hertfordshire . .

#

162394

446

( Females

Choi.

146

3

I

4

6

6

t 123

( Males

Diarrh.

55

13

8

3

2

I

( Females

Diarrh.

68

12

II

5

5

I

in Counties, at different Ages. 1 1 1

and Diarrhoea, at different Ages, in the Year 1849.

AGES.

Under

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

Ch ot

3 rs

3 £
3

IOO

?

473

325

182

J41

198

227

263

283

227

237

251

170

16 1

106

82

37

16

3

3

3

384

277

T47

119

199

245

287

306

286

253

226

203

234

189

122

87

32

II

4

•

I

902

46

14

j6

6

IO

IO

25

20

23

21

34

35

5i

38

24

18

IO

3

•

.

812

44

12

6

13

19

15

30

21

18

29

35

36

42

52

54

34

II

3

1

*

544

328

172

102

148

167

216

176

156

185

162

130

122

97

57

33

17

2

#

•

483

318

145

115

184

233

252

278

278

235

222

175

199

152

108

77

45

IO

•

•

345

16

8

2

6

7

6

6

7

12

5

12

18

18

23

13

8

6

•

•

302

11

3

4

7

15

5

13

12

IO

8

19

20

20

36

23

l6

7

1

•

49

28

20

49

58

49

44

32

30

15

25

25

24

l6

19

9

5

I

.

I

| 35

21

13

4

I7

23

29

29

26

27

22

14

18

l6

IO

9

I

I

•

•

I 84

2

I

I

3

•

I

2

4

I

3

2

6

15

3

10

7

I

•

.

70

1

I

I

*

'

*

2

•

4

I

3

2

5

8

5

2

5

•

*

20

13

4

7

9

5

9

7

IO

ro

IO

13

9

3

6

4

I

I

II

10

7

2

5

12

13

5

7

11

8

7

7

3

5

1

I

*

•

*

46

3

3

I

I

4

I

.

•

2

2

I

2

.

3

4

I

I

1

•

31

6

•

2

2

•

3

I

I

2

2

2

3

4

3

4

I

1

*

80

57

37

34

60

43

36

47

40

40

41

34

36

22

20

15

4

3

1

.

60

68

31

31

29

33

36

35

37

33

27

30

37

24

20

l6

5

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•

2

180

5

#

3

3

4

I

3

3

6

6

7

6

IO

14

II

8

3

1

•

1 40

8

I

5

6

3

3

•

6

5

3

4

4

9

IO

8

12

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21

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8

6

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IO

12

17

IO

II

12

13

II

9

7

4

2

•

1

3

9

28

5

4

II

l6

23

13

13

6

14

II

II

4

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2

2

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1 7°

4

I

.

3

3

3

I

1

3

6

3

2

8

II

3

5

2

•

•

68

7

2

3

2

3

4

8

3

3

2

6

5

6

5

13

4

6

•

•

112

74

27

19

35

40

34

37

32

54

36

25

35

20

23

II

7

1

2

•

I

( 84

54

40

27

36

42

44

46

32

36

43

19

42

24

18

13

i r

3

I

93

6

2

3

3

6

6

2

4

3

6

3

5

11

IO

IO

7

3

1

1

.

IOI

7

5

5

2

7

3

3

3

4

7

5

4

16

8

IO

10

4

1

*

7

8

7

2

2

6

7

8

8

4

6

2

3

•

4

I

1

•

•

.

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8

I

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I

8

7

5

3

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4

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•

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35

3

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I

3

2

2

3

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6

4

4

4

6

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.

•

34

*

2

2

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2

3

5

5

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3i

33

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8

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14

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15

7

5

8

7

3

I

I

3°

17

8

10

II

17

12

II

14

17

8

6

12

5

5

8

I

•

62

I

#

2

#

I

I

I

I

3

4

3

3

6

7

I

52

3

3

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2

2

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I

8

4

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3

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28

6

6

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14

13

17

9

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12

5

IO

5

6

5

I

•

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16

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4

9

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9

5

6

2

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•

i 27

.

#

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2

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34

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2

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3

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I

•

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3

1

2

3

7

3

2

. 3

1

ill Counties, at different Ayes.

113

and Diarrhoea — continued.

AGES.

Total

under

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

Ps J,
3 T3

S *
100

?

16

IO

3

I

4

6

4

8

6

2

3

8

3

7

6

3

20

8

6

4

4

4

7

5

2

5

I

8

4

2

2

3

1

•

3°

.

.

I

I

.

.

•

2

I

I

2

2

4

5

1

1

3i

I

2

•

•

5

•

2

I

2

2

•

I

2

•

3

•

•

4

13

3

4

I

2

7

3

6

I

2

3

I

4

.

9

4

5

I

8

8

2

6

I

3

I

4

5

2

I

*

1

28

4

I

,

,

.

I

2

I

I

.

I

I

2

2

3

3

.

29

3

2

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2

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2

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3

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.

5

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7

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7

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75

8

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4

5

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3

5

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14

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I

9

9

12

5

4

7

6

II

6

3

3

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1

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•

l6

8

9

4

3

8

11

8

3

6

9

4

5

5

4

2

1

•

•

•

90

3

I

2

I

1

I

2

5

3

6

8

9

3

2

•

•

53

4

2

2

I

2

3

4

3

4

5

3

7

4

9

7

4

5

25

20

13

5

9

I J

1 1

11

12

13

7

8

IO

4

4

5

1

.

•

I

.

•

20

20

14

2

5

9

12

tr

6

IO

12

I I

7

I

6

2

•

2

•

•

•

•

41

4

2

I

#

1

•

I

3

2

3

6

8

7

3

5

.

•

.

27

5

I

I

3

3

1

2

3

2

2

3

5

3

5

5

5

5

114

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

COUNTIES.

Population

1841

5. South Western
Division — continued.

No.

18

Dorsetshire ....

167876

!9

Devonshire ....

537270

20

Cornwall

343321

21

Somersetshire

448793

6. West Midland
Division.

22

Gloucestershire .

395533

23

Herefordshire

96515

24

Shropshire ....

241685

25

Staffordshire ....

528867

26

Worcestershire .

230387

27

Warwickshire .

409138

Sex,

Causes

of

Death.

Deaths.

Under

I

Year.

I

2

3

4

J Males.

Choi.

6l

3

3

I

t f emales

Choi.

58

.

I

2

5

/ Males.

Diarrh.

27

7

I

I

m

( Females

Diarrh.

36

8

3

•

•

2

/ Males.

Choi.

1139

38

45

49

41

38

| Females

Choi.

1223

32

66

43

37

34

/ Males.

Diarrh.

194

75

29

II

3

6

1 Females

Diarrh.

166

63

II

6

6

I

/Males.

Choi.

399

7

13

13

17

22

| Females

Choi.

435

5

13

13

1 5

II

j Males.

Diarrh.

72

28

4

8

2

1 Females

Diarrh.

68

19

7

3

I

2

J Males.

Choi.

479

13

13

18

23

25

1 Females

Choi.

450

13

14

12

20

18

j Males.

Diarrh.

IQ2

74

13

II

3

2

| Females

Diarrh.

163

43

16

9

7

5

j Males .

Choi.

718

24

31

28

14

29

1 Females

Choi.

749

27

23

20

28

22

/ Males .

Diarrh.

226

90

35

9

5

I

( Females

Diarrh.

185

75

22

4

5

2

/ Males.

Choi.

I

( Females

Choi.

.

•

.

•

.

. '

/ Males.

Diarrh.

l6

5

#

( Females

Diarrh.

12

3,

I

•

I

•

/ Males.

Clwl.

169

I

4

4

2

( Females

Choi.

142

3

3

3

2

5

/Males.

Diarrh.

58

II

II

3

I

( Females

Diarrh.

57

15

4

3

I

2

/ Males .

Choi.

1396

33

62

64

34

46

( Females

Choi.

1277

32

51

52

30

34

/ Males.

Diarrh.

472

223

74

36

8

7

1 Females

Diarrh.

430

152

75

37

27

12

/Males.

Choi.

22 7

3

14

IO

7

8

(Females

Choi.

205

5

10

II

23

8

/ Males.

Diarrh.

I09

44

13

5

2

2

( Females

Diarrh.

98

35

13

9

I

3

/Males.

Choi.

168

4

7

5

5

4

( Femules

Choi.

122

3

2

3

3

4

/ Males.

Diarrh.

372

207

39

21

5

2

( Females

Diarrh.

368

187

48

24 |

8

3

Deaths

from

Cholera

and

Diarrhoea

182

2722

974

1284

1878

29

426

3575

Total.

HQ

63

2362

360

639

1030

834

140

929

355

1467

411

28

311

US

2673

902

432

207

290

740

r

in Counties , at different Ages

115

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

1

AGES.

Total

under

60

80

85

G. .

3 co

•0 •s

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 ,

45

5°

55

65

70

75

90

95

rt £
100

?

7

13

10

I

5

2

5

4

2

1

I

2

3

j

2

3

•

8

10

4

5

5

4

2

3

6

4

•

4

•

2

•

I

•

•

•

•

9

5

1

I

1

..

.

.

2

.

.

4

3

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•

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I

1

•

•

•

•

1

1

2

I

2

3

4

I

4

1

1

•

2 T I

129

59

43

61

74

73

66

64

54

6l

73

55

47

35

18

9

6

I

212

108

61

53

49

91

99

76

85

67

70

56

54

56

33

27

17

5

4

14

9

1

3

2

2

2

2

2

6

6

6

7

13

4

4

6

5

9

87

5

2

I

4

I

3

4

1

2

5

8

5

10

5

9

8

4

I

I

72

47

28

l6

16

19

23

18

23

25

23

22

22

17

l6

5

3

I

I

•

2

57

46

26

20

22

25

26

25

33

28

27

26

24

20

29

7

II

2

•

I

42

4

.

2

1

2

.

I

.

2

I

I

1

2

5

3

3

I

I

•

.

32

2

•

•

1

I

•

I

1

3

I

•

5

3

7

5

5

I

•

•

•

92

67

36

27

27

29

19

32

27

27

22

25

13

18

13

8

4

I

2

77

68

29

15

20

39

24

28

31

16

18

24

20

21

5

12

2

I

•

•

103

7

1

2

6

6

3

3

4

5

3

4

8

5

7

15

5

4

.

I

.

80

10

5

3

I

1

3;

4

3

2

6

3

9

15

IO

3

2

3

126

97

48

35

44

50

34

36

44

33

23

32

42

3°

25

l6

3

I

•

I IO

89

53

28

45

45

45

49

48

36

50

35

32

29

29

13

8

5

I

•

I4O

6

1

3

I

4

2

4

1

5

7

5

3

7

7

12

14

4

•

108

2

I

2

3

3

I

2

4

2

9

3

3

8

11

13

5

2

4

*

5

1

•

•

•

•

3

•

1

I

*

I

•

1

I

I

•

•

I

5

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

1

•

•

I

I

1

•

2

•

■

•

11

17

7

7

IO

7

12

M

11

13

8

7

9

8

24

7

6

•

I

•

16

12

2

6

II

13

6

7

7

7

7

4

I I

12

8

9

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3

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r

4

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4

5

I

2

2

•

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2

4

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3

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2

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7

I

•

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239

138

9 r

58

99

IO9

93

98

106

73

83

52

58

42

25

18

11

3

I

199

1 12

75

59

92

III

127

79

87

59

59

55

58

46

32

l6

7

3

I

348

9

6

2

4

5

5

6

6

8

6

5

l6

18

14

6

4

4

293

21

6

6

4

6

7

8

5

2

6

9

IO

12

24

23

5

I

I

I

42

25

22

II

13

13

IO

18

9

II

12

7

9

5

9

6

3

I

I

47

30

12

II

12

14

13

12

7

15

5

7

6

5

6

2

I

•

66

3

I

I

3

2

1

2

.

5

.

4

8

7

4

2

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2

1

5

1

3

•

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1

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1

5

5

5

4

2

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20

8

5

6

7

10

;6

12

14

5

12

12

8

l

3

4

.

15

II

5

4

10

9

13

5

6

9

7

6

6

7

4

1

2

2

2 74

6

3

3

3

3

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4

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12

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i 16

1849. Deaths from, Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

COUNTIES.

Population

1841.

Deaths

from

Cholera

and

Diarrhoea.

Total.

Sex.

Causes

of

Death.

Deaths.

Under

I

Year.

I

2

3

4

7. North Midland

Division.

(Males.

Choi.

15

4

I

,

No

18

(Females

Choi.

3

X

#

28

Leicestershire . . .

220304

171

( Males.

Diarrh.

91

44

14

3

I

I

153
1 *53

(Females

Diarrh.

62

26

7

3

• •

( Males .

Choi.

7

I

I

( 9

(Females

Choi.

2

a

•

#

29

Rutlandshire.

23151

16

(Males.

Diarrh.

3

2

1 7

(Females

Diarrh.

4

I

•

•

•

•

( Males.

Choi.

199

10

5

6

3

5

j 37i

( Females

Choi.

172

4

3

6

4

4

3°

Lincolnshire ....

356226

617

(Males.

Diarrh.

1 19

53

5

5

I

2

l 24D

(Females

Diarrh.

127

48

12

7

2

3

Males.

Choi.

68

4

3

I

2

2

f 137

Females

Choi.

69

2

I

3

I

2

3i

Nottinghamshire

270731

375

f Males.

Diarrh.

i*7

65

II

4

I

[ 238

(Females

Diarrh.

121

79

II

4

2

•

.Males.

Choi.

28

r 49

1 Females

Choi.

21

I

I

«

32

Derbyshire ....

239791

169

l

i Males.

Diarrh.

67

24

10

3

.

I

( Females

Diarrh.

53

18

8

4

•

8. North Western

Division.

( Males .

Choi.

352

10

5

10

7

6

( °54

( Females

Choi.

302

5

7

6

5

9

33

Cheshire

368400

1068

[ Males .

Diarrh.

200

108

27

8

5

2

l 414

1 Females

Diarrh.

214

82

34

12

3

2

( Males.

Choi.

377°

III

107

123

123

94

( Females

Choi.

4412

92

IIO

115

115

121

34

Lancashire ....

1698764

11974

f Males.

Diarrh.

1928

95i

358

113

42

32

1 3792

(Females

Diarrh.

1864

834

362

Hi

40

23

9. York Division.

i 4*58

( Males.

Choi

2057

56

59

65

49

42

( Females

Choi.

2101

47

54

58

44

45

35

West Riding, . . .

1176514

5612

|

(Males.

Diarrh.

7*7

261

136

43

19

10

l 1454

( Females

Diarrh.

737

232

125

39

17

14

( Males.

Choi.

1039

13

3*

28

33

19

| 2141

( Females

Choi.

X 102

IX

18

l6

18

19

36

Kast Riding (with York)

221376

2579

1 438

( Males.

Diarrh.

2X9

89

32

10

5

5

( Fm ales

Diarrh.

219

68

33

14

5

•

1

( Males.

Choi.

3°

.

1

,

f 47

(Females

Choi.

17

I

2

•

37

North Riding . . .

186226

no

( Males.

Diarrh.

34

17

2

.

.

l °3

(Females

Diarrh.

29

13

I

•

I

•

117

in Comities , at different Ages.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

AGES.

Total

under

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

5°

55

60

65

7°

75

80

85

90

95

s 'H

^ ?
a >
a

100

p

5

I

I

1

2

5

I

.

.

.

•

I

•

.

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

6?

2

2

2

I

1

2

I

2

4

2

2

4

2

I

36

I

I

•

3

I

2

•

I

2

4

2

6

I

I

I

2

I

#

#

%

.

.

.

I

.

.

2

I

.

•

.

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1

•

•

•

•

2

I

•

•

•

•

I

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

2

•

•

•

29

15

4

8

12

14

6

15

l6

IO

8

15

5

14

6

4

3

21

10

3

7

9

13

18

12

9

8

8

l6

12

5

10

4

4

3

66

4

I

I

2

I

3

4

2

I

3

3

4

6

4

9

4

I

72

•

I

3

6

•

3

I

•

4

6

4

2

8

8

6

3

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4

3

3

2

4

I

5

4

10

8

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9

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6

3

5

6

2

2

5

5

2

4

1

8 1

3

3

T

I

2

I

I

.

I

7

3

8

3

2

96

I

•

1

•

2

I

I

I

2

I

4

2

2

7

•

•

I

2

6

2

5

I

4

2

2

2

•

I

•

.

•

•

2

.

I

I

3

3

I

I

3

2

2

I

•

•

1

•

38

a

2

2

2

.

I

3

2

I

3

3

5

4

1

•

30

I

2

2

*

I

*

I

I

2

5

3

I

2

2

38

27

17

l6

21

32

23

23

28

28

35

12

l6

20

12

3

1

32

29

12

12

II

20

20

21

24

28

22

15

22

l6

10

4

2

I

•

I

•

150

IO

3

I

I

2

I

2

I

2

2

5

3

7

4

6

.

•

.

.

.

133

5

2

5

6

3

6

2

I

5

7

5

12

8

6

8

•

•

•

•

558

344

l6l

123

188

269

326

3i9

308

311

251

189

160

Il6

78

41

12

12

.

I

3

553

335

165

131

266

414

401

395

370

329

312

2 r i

228

138

75

55

25

5

2

2

2496

34

l6

6

II

17

26

24

20

34

29

41

42

43

39

26

17

5

I

I

.

1376

54

18

8

24

22

26

29

30

25

3°

26

38

49

40

39

21

6

2

I

•

271

144

92

77

102

144

152

145

166

151

148

128

I24

94

68

27

20

3

.

•

I

248

163

82

72

136

155

171

l6l

131

hi

133

148

113

92

9i

39

l6

6

I

I

I

469

29

13

10

4

10

8

12

II

l6

20

20

19

25

21

13

IO

6

.

I

.

427

32

5

10

8

14

15

II

l6

12

14

25

26

29

40

30

13

9

•

I

•

124

6l

42

31

63

85

75

89

81

74

81

61

56

49

34

T9

8

4

I

.

I

82

79

42

44

70

IO7

108

83

67

72

76

69

68

51

39

28

13

4

•

•

•

141

10

I

3

2

3

5

2

7

2

4

5

4

8

9

IO

I

2

•

•

•

120

8

I

6

2

4

4

5

3

5

8

5

9

13

9

13

2

I

I

•

*

I

2

2

I

5

I

3

I

I

5

3

3

I

I

.

.

•

•

.

•

•

3

I

I

I

I

.

I

•

2

2

•

I

I

•

2

•

*

•

•

•

•

l

r9

I

.

I

I

I

,

I

I

2

3

3

I

.

.

.

15

•

•

•

3

•

2

I

I

2

I I

I

I

I

I

118

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Counties : — Deaths from

COUNTIES.

Population,

1841.

Deaths

from

Cholera

and

Diarrhoea.

Total.

Sex.

Causes

of

Death.

Deaths.

Under

I

Year.

I

2

3

4

io. Northern Division.

1 1643

/ Males.

Choi.

766

13

27

26

24

15

No.

\ Females

Choi.

877

9

25

24

26

35

3B

Durham

326043

2022

1

l 379

/ Males .

Diarrh.

173

77

23

12

5

( Females

Diarrh.

206

76

27

9

8

I

(Males.

Choi.

670

14

18

28

18

20

/ 1410

(Females

Choi.

740

9

22

18

2 r

l6

39

Northumberland. . .

266020

1679

} 269

/Males.

Diarrh.

140

49

26

12

2

3

( Females

Diarrh.

129

35

20

10

9

2

/ Males.

Choi.

178

5

3

7

5

7

, AflO

(Females

Choi.

242

6

7

3

5

8

40

Cumberland ....

178038

544

)

1 T,x

/ Males

Diarrh.

59

29

7

5

2

I 124

( l'em ales

Diarrh.

65

23

8

2

2

2

( Males.

Choi.

( 1

(Females

Choi.

I

%

.

41

Westmorland . . .

56454

18

1 17

/Males.

Diarrh.

7

2

I

I

1 r7

(Females

Diarrh.

TO

I

2

•

•

ii. Welsh Division.

f Ma!es.

Choi.

467

7

7

II

6

15

[ 777

(Females

Choi.

310

4

7

9

IO

II

42

Monmouthshire .

I5I02I

902

/ Males.

Diarrh.

73 I

15

10

4

5

I

125
l 1 23

( FVmales

Diarrh.

52 1

12

7

8

4

■

/ Males.

Choi.

1782

26

32

50

50

48

r 3552

(Females

Choi.

1770

33

37

62

37

41

43

South Wales. .

529364

3955

<

j Males.

Diarrh.

214

41

31

18

8

6

l 4°3 |

(Females

Diarrh.

189

35

23

6

9

3

( Males.

Choi.

124

2

2

I

2

f 244

1 Females

Choi.

120

.

I

5

5

•

44

North Wales.

388162

345

/Males.

Diarrh.

6l

10

6

4

4

2

( Females

Diarrh.

40

I

3

3

I

in Counties, at different Ages.

Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

AGES.

Total

under

5

Years.

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

and up-
0 1

O wards.

105

56

3*

32

46

57

60

63

67

57

40

44

42

25

10

20

7

2

119

54

37

32

56

74

73

77

68

53

44

51

38

35

35

21

8

2

•

117

8

.

2

4

I

I

I

2

I

6

5

4

6

3

8

3

I

•

#

121

6

2

3

2

6

6

3

2

5

5

6

4

8

8

9

5

5

•

98

6l

34

33

43

52

6l

46

44

39

47

30

33

21

10

12

6

.

.

86

53

30

34

3«

57

67

64

51

47

45

49

45

25

25

13

7

3

I

•

92

7

2

2

I

2

3

•

•

3

4

4

2

3

8

5

I

I

•

76

6

2

I

•

5

4

2

I

I

I

4

5

2

6

4

7

2

•

27

15

9

5

9

9

II

5

II

l6

18

4

l6

7

7

3

5

I

29

22

II

9

9

20

19

14

19

22

12

10

IO

18

7

8

2

I

43

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•

.

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.

.

.

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I

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•

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.

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.

.

.

.

.

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21

39

45

37

53

34

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19

33

26

19

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. 13

24

3°

32

24

26

13

20

17

17

8

7

6

2

•

I

•

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3

I

I

I

3

2

.

2

I

I

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6

I

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I

•

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I

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3

2

3

5

2

I

I

•

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1 14

81

70

130

187

t8i

129

139

T40

1 19

81

70

53

31

25

18

6

2

•

210

178

79

64

119

158

146

I40

134

95

93

89

70

77

41

41

29

4

I

2

IO4

14

4

7

6

7

4

5

2

5

7

3

8

7

9

10

5

7

•

76

9

4

3

2

4

5

3

5

3

4

7

17

9

12

15

7

I

A

I

7

9

6

2

6

6

II

9

18

12

3

7

12

7

2

2

I

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.

II

II

2

3

6

5

9

8

9

8

4

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14

6

5

2

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I

I

4

,

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,

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2

.

8

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I

I

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2

1

2

I

2

England. 1849. Deaths from Cholera, with the Ages at Decennial Periods, and the Duration of Attack.

I

120 1849. Deaths from Cholera at different. Ages , and Duration of Attack.

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M O

M »1

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Os d*

d vo

d HH

OS

O O

HH M

M HH

HH

M H

d d

d HH

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d rA

M rA

rA d*

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LA CS

d os

d*

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HH

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73

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M W

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LA d*
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VO Os

Cl rA

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rA d*

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CA d"

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rA d

rA rA

M HH

d d

LA d-

d" rA

rA d

d d

HH HH

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*-> CO

c- so

M vO

LA

d d-

OO so

LA CO

LA LA

d d

LA rA

HH •

#

HH HH

rA d

OO LA

rA rA

M

d m

d- d

rA d

CA hh

d hh

HH HH

jj

d vO

M d

00 d*

d-oo

OO M

sO OO

d, r>.

OO LA

O' LA

CA d*

d- cs

os d-

d

CA

O vO

rA rA

d M

d la

m O

0 ^

ca O'

HI Cl

HI SO

Os O'

LA d^

CA >H

d-o

d d

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co r-.

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O

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d d

M

d AA

d rA

d d

c

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: l )

CA

. <U

D

a.

01

O

<U

CJ

V

73

at

u ro

15 6

<u

fcc-

( Males
1 Femal

( Males
( Kernal

<33

- E
S Eh

( Males
l Femal

- E
ji £

II

j Males
(Femal

T. —

J2 £

A Eh

( Males
1 Femal

j Males
| Femal

j« £
a eh

CA "5

E

I^H ^
r< Ci-

( Males
( Femal

OO

vO

r A
rA

d

OO

2

OS

d"

$

rA

OO

d-

OS

ts

vo

LA

rA

LA

vO

3

d

rA

Cs

CO

O

O

0

O

O

HH

O

O'

LA

rA

CA

vC

LA

LA

d*

d

►H

E-

rA

•

»-

33 .

CA

Cd

vA

O

LA

LA

LA

LA

LA

LA

LA

LA

LA

CS.

O

cd

= 03

M

d

rA

d-

LA

vO

ts

OO

O'

<

O

d

H

O LA

H

-The Table is read thus:— 1908 Males of the Age 15 and under 25 died of Cholera; 27 in less than 6 hours, 280 between 6 and 12 hours.

and the Duration of the Attack.

1849. Deaths at different Ages, and Duration of Attach.

121

bn

ft

xf-

co

c

o

o

*+4

o

o

>

' rr>

3

Q

<

*

O

W

DAYS.

42

and

upwards

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rs

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uvm <s m v/vuv mm r^vo v/vvo m m

rs m cv

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Total

under

I

Day.

O' O O' O'
VO O O O

CV <S MM

vo

O ^ cv d* m r^. r^m mvo O' ^ 00 co d’f>» d"d"

I'- UV MM m (S M 0 00 (S CO M M (S

MM (S M <SM (S (S

Cv oo m uv

vo uv d*

co

HOURS.

OO

M

r^vO 1^. M

uv OO rs m

rs d"

M M

d" CO uvmMm d" ^ ^ <sm mvO mrs m

m rs m • ts <s (srs m<s •

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rs

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mm O' tv cv uv d" 00 m rs d_r^'vooo d* ^ moo mm
m rs uv uv 00 cv 0"0 ov cv

«s vO rs rs

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m m

vO

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Cv 00 m d~ cv co (SM tsm d" cs m -d- rsm

MM UV d* OO O CV CO 0 ov

m rs mm

VO M MM

m m

O

(S m QO (S
OO d-

d" 00 (s d" m m 0"0 m rs cv m O

• MM • • M • M ••

CV M UV

d-d* •

Deaths.

m IA M

O' tv d- uv
M UV 0 00

mm d" m

M M

oouvooO r^M (srs vo (S uv O uv m m d" co >a O uv

vo m O O' r^d- Cv co mcv rs m O' in O' O *avO vOd-

<s(s 1-^ m mm uvuv d"m csrs mm m mm

M M

d- d- 00 m
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mm rs rs

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diairh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

1 Choi.
Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

X
9
c n

| Males
( Females

1 Males
| Females

| Males
(Females

J Males
(Females

| Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

I Males
| Females

j Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

| Males
( Females

| Males
( Females

c/i CO

9 V

jeg J 2

Total.

O vO

O'

r-'. OO

vC r>.

rs

m 00 co d'OO uv vo r^muv

O cvMt-^rsu'vO cv rs O

uv O r^MOO d-r^M r»M

m m

OO CV

m rs

uv O

m uv

AGE.

-3 S3 ^ 'J-

r°

^ p M

Total [

under ^
5 Years. I

Note.— Where the duration of premonitory Diarrhoea, as well as the length of illness from Cholera, was stated, the latter fact only was abstracted ; and in all cases where other forms of
disease were combined with those under consideration, the duration of attack was taken out with reference to Cholera or Diarrhoea only.

1849- Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

122

1849.

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

and

upwards

r>« r*.

O' r>.

II

6

• •

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vo co

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<s

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DAYS.

on

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Total

under

I

Jn

a

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4"

M rn
rs

<s O
M M

4" OO
vo r>.
m m

rn rn

d 4* • d

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rn
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m
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4" rn

6 to
629

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4-vO
vn m

(N H

00

H

o' O

rn (S

00 00
r^vO

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4- co

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1 — r»
00 rn

M M

vo 1
O' <s

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• •

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m m

rn An

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m d

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4-4- • d

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0 0

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<N rn

m <s

m

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rn rn

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d 4*
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M

• •

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n> >-*

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00

OC vo

• •

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O

(S rn

c* r<

M •

vo rn

M M

vn m • •

m 0

• •

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• •

m r*

• •

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• •

Deaths.

4" An
O 00
m

An O
O d

M M

00

OO rn
vO VO

An OO

4* vn

rn rn QN M
O O rn m
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m An
m
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ON -1

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m vO

vn vo

O M
M A-i

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fooi

996

vO 0

4-

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrli.

Choi.

Choi.

rC JC

£ a

23

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Clwl.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.
1 Diarrh.

Vi

30

J)

X

Q)

51

Cd «

Sfa

X X

f-

X

r

X

X

k

0)

cn

j Males
( Femalt

£ g

S i

fa

3 s

r£. Ex*

CD ^ <D ^

H s ^ a

( M lies
| Femalt

Jl

fct

w ri!

'rt s

w2 »
k=5

7 15
— a
J2 5

11

M V

^ Ll.

J a

1 « a.

ST

II

2T; H

0) "

U

Total.

O'

00

rn

n

An

d

<s

in

rn

rn

0

1010

90

OO

O

vO

M

0

0

<s

m

M

r»

M

n

M

rn

rs

4*

M

M

ON

VO

O'

M

vO

AGE.

5 Years |

O

tn

M

O

C«

vn

r*

O

r/

vn

rn

England. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attach

123

42

and

upwards

W H

O d
H

H t''.

d d

M M

• •

O' ON
M M

• •

O' ON
M

O ON

• • d H

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d d

in

m

• •

M M

• • n h

n n

• •

M •

• • • w

• •

d d

00

d

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• • d •

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rA rA

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OO rA

O in
n 1— i

O' 0

O co d

O' O'

d m

d

rA m
d rA

d d-

m rA d

d* rA

d O

rA rA

d

d

d d

ON

m
d m

OO rA

O' VO in

MM M

d vo

M

rA rA
M M

rA

60

49

w

co d d
r-^ m

rA CO
VO d

vo r>.

m d

d d

O d

iO

rA d

O' C>.

d 00 0 00
rA d

C" O
d d

rA d

d

rA ON
in

rA d"

vo d d d
0>

VO M
r^.vO

d rA

00 d
r^vO

vo d

O

vO vo

m rn

vo m d d
dm m

d rn
rA rA

co

M

d m
d O'
M M

MH

rA in d d
r- O

M d

d O
d on

H m

M d
vO m

M M

d m

vO OO
in CO
M W

OO rA

d d d r-»
M M

m O
co d

d c^

Total

under

I

Day.

VO O
01 n
m m

d d

d in d M

vO d
d d

(N OO
d d

d d

M d

d O'
m

rA rA

rA C"

vO 00

O VO
rn rA

d m

6

z

gbz

ozz

co

vo

H M

vo m

00

1 1 2
IOI

d

-1 rv*|

OO O • •

M

i-> O
OO d
M

M

OO O'

r^oo

M m

74

IIO

n

d O' vo

m vO •

O in

d d

cw

Dh

12

d d

dco

d d

M H

O 00 ri H

d d

d d

rn vO
d d
d d

M ,

d O'
in on
M M

(N rA

rA

moo

M M

rn

m O d m

M rA
M M

vo O
oc O

M

rA d

O

8

vO

O'
in d
M l-t

H M

rA O

rA ON • •

M

rA

0 r-s

. M

d m
O' 00

M

O

vO

M

vO d d

d d •

O' O
rA rA

d m

O

moo

H

♦ •

00 d • •

on m

• ■

OO vO

• •

OO m

M •

in in • •

rA d

■ •

Deaths.

CO O

d d
o> on

d on
mvO

O rA dOC*
m^o VO d
ON CO

8n

828

O'

vo O

r->.io
00 n

VO F>

rA m
O O'

O O

in rA
VO

r^vo

d d
M M

O' CO m O'
VO rA d d

d *n mm

M M
m on
rA rA

d O

vO vO

M H

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Clwl.

A A

S *

Cj *

PP

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

i Choi.
Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

4

5 !

( Males
\ Females

{ Males
l Female-

( Males
1 Females

I Males
| Females

1 Males
1 Females

1 Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

on
a )

Ml

n" ^

cn

a;

J1

S

| Males
( Females

1 Males
(Females

f Males.

\ Females

< n
V

!1

rJ->

Total.

00

00

CO

H

I£I

rA d

O' H

t'-* M

H

ON

rA

vO

M

VO

rA

M

rA

M

d

OO

ON

M

O

CO

rA

M

rA

m

d

d

O

O d

d

d

d

d

rn

AGE.

40 Years 1

d

O

m

60 1

m

vO

O

England. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

124

1849.

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Deaths from Cholera in London during 1849, with the Ages at which they occurred, and the Duration of Attack.

125

at different Ages , and Duration of Attack.

00

(S

VO CO

C* M

fat •

• •

• fat

H (N

• •

• H

H H

M H

• M

M

■'cj* rA

M CS

vO rA

• H

M M

<S rA

n vo

W fat

•

(s

• ts

H

VO <N

IO

10

H

rA <S

GO ON

vo ON
M

LAVO

tJ- <n

la

M rA

<S rA

01

ON OO
VO O
M

O LA
M fat

LAOO

'ct- la

<s VO

M W

ON

fal M

CO ON

C4

co vo

tJ-vO

• <N

ON

O'* QV
C* <a

la

rt tJ-

fat M

rA M

LA OO

LAVO

rA vO

fal rA

(S rA

• fat

00

vO VO
t^-vO

O rA

ct vo

(N rA

CO O

M

la

II

9

LA NO

rA fat
H

rA fat

• •

• •

• *

• *

DAYS.

n

m 1 —

fat fat

LA O

rA rA

(S rA

M M

ON ON

on

la

fal CS

n la
fai n

O VO
CS M

co 00

rA la

2

4

VO

la co

O O

H M

21

12

m

M

On

M rA
M M

' II

Li

(S ON
H fat

rA Es
fat fat

LA O
fal

LA ON

H rA

in

rA m
O ON
<N fat

fat LA
Ft

M LA
<N (S

r^

M

tz

OZ

OO LA
CN CS

OO ON
H (N

CO LA
<S (N

OO VO
fat fat

II

IO

I

4

• fat

• •

• •

&

0

Ov nJ-
<s VO
(S <N

fat tS
LA LA

(S M

^ O

fat M

CO VO
CS fat

fal vO
rA n}-

(N rA

^ O

Ct rA

LA O
fat rA

O'

H

LA CO

• fat

• •

fat •

«

rA

OO

rA
rA nJ-

CO vO
CO

M

rA nJ-

vo vO

(S M

LA O

Nj- rA

rA rA
Nj- la

LA rj-

rAvO

rs

rAvO

ON rA
rA rA

Es

(S rA

on "d"
m

H •

• •

* *

C*

O O

O'- LA

la

ON (S
CO ON

on

rA rA

CO ON

M M

VO rA

ON E".
la

rh vO
vo

’cl* la
vo

(N r>.
LA LA

LA <N
rt LA

rA ON

fal H

• •

c* •

H

la O

00

O rA

H fat

OZ I

SV 1

M rA
ON

M

la

ON fat

ON OO
rA VO
H fal

rA vO

LA (S
fal C4

co

vo fat
fai n

On rt
<s co

fat m

ONVO
CO rA

OO O
rt vo

rJ-NO

’ •

• •

Total

under

I

Day.

CO 00
M CO
n <s
rA rA

M rd-
l — IA

rA

LA fat
CO rA
rA rA

CO 0
la

M fat

LA M
rA

rA (S

494

494

O LA

VO vO

■^t* LA

rj- M
O ON
rj- rA

vo >-1
r^vo

AJ rA

VO rA
LA LA

fat <s

fat r»

LA O

2

12

• •

LA rj"

OO

0 on

(N OO
vO t"

n

vO ^

r-^ la
vO 'd"

on
rA C*

LA OO

vo VO

8l

109

ON CO
OO rA
fat

r> OO
CO M
H

O rt

M

rA VO
LA ON

fat oc
fat <s

• NCj*

• •

fat •

cd

e

12

rA Ov
rA
LAVO
M fat

CO ON
OO *A

M M

r»

CO T^-
M fal

100

86

M (S
t^. rA
fal H

LA

LA VO

<N n

O CN
M O'

c* r<

fat LA
O OO
C* M

rA O
ON

fat fat

66

118

Tt-
r» la

fS LA

• •

(S c<

p

0

w

VO

M ON
C4 CO
On

OO vO
OO rA
fat fat

M ON
n n

M M

vo c»

rA rA

O

ONVO

fA
rA M
M H

r^. r%
A- w

fat M

rA ON
O

fat

rj- LA

rA

rA rA

rt on

• r A

• •

fat fat

O

rA *-<
rA t —

M

rA M

la rA

M M

la rA

ON ^

22

3

II

tl

CO ON

fat

ON rt"

LA

4

1

* *

• •

fat fat

Total,

LA rA
rA VO
O vO
VO vO

r^-OO
CO O
ON CO

Nt- ON
<S VO
VO LA

VO H

<N

rA (N

r» on
rA VO
VO LA

rA OO
VO LA
OO ON

rA

O OO
CO O

r-^

r^.co

<S ON
VO rA
la

rA la
rA

rA la

112

221

8

21

• •

CO -3-

ai

rji

f Males
[Females

(Males

(Females

C/3

a>
t» rS

CD 2

3 ®

s fa

(Males

[Females

( Males
[ Females

( Males
[Females

(Males
( Females

(Males
( Females

( Males
[ Females

(Males
( Females

(Males
( Females

( Males
[ Females

( Males
[Females

(Males

(Females

AGE.

Total.

Years.

0

LA

01

LA

W

LA

LA

rA

LA

LA

LA

LA

NO

LA

LA

CO

LA

ON

CL.

. South Eastern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, with the Ages at which they occurred,

and the Duration of Attack.

U6

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea -

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack

127

42

and

upwards

• •

M

n

l_T\

rA

CO

rs

■ •

H

M

m

•

21

• •

H

M

• •

M

•

• •

•

•

• •

<s

•

M •

•

H

•

•

* M

-

H

M

• •

M

*

• •

•

H

• •

•

M

M •

M

•

M •

•

.* H

•

H

• •

•

-

OI

c* •

-

•

M •

•

M M

M

m •

W

r» •

•

•

w

•

rA W

•

M

ON

* •

•

« M

•

•

• C*

H

•

M •

•

M

* M

•

•

* *

•

•

rs •

•

H

00

H *

•

•

c* •

•

H

<N •

•

•

rs h

•

M

M l-i

•

•

• M

•

C*

M •

•

•

m •

•

(S M

•

•

• M

M

M

n <s

M

I

4

•

•

^ c*

•

M rA

w

•

vO

c* •

•

<S M

H

•

^ (S

•

m n

•

•

rA •

•

M •

■H

•

• C*

■

H

VA

VA H

•

H

rj- va

•

•

n •

•

■

rA •

•

H

2

4

•

•

rA vA

•

•

• C*

M

*

rf-

*a -d"

•

rA

<S

•

r*

M M

*

•

"'t M

•

H

■<d- h

<s

M

CS ro

M

c*

M M

M

•

rA

rx

•

H

rA (S

•

H

(S M

•

H

rA n

M

•

rA ON

M

M

•

C* rA

•

•

n

VO va

M

rA

<S rn

W

H

rA <jv

H

•

rA LA

H

M

rfOO

<s

M

rA OO

•

^i-vo

•

l-i

<3— <S M rA rAVO

l O • M <N OO

Total

under

I

Day.

M M
OO Cv

rA

ON t}-
(N rA

'• •

T^* T^-

tS (S • •

r» vo
va rA

H

vr> r»

-4

M •

'd* ov M

4 -d- •

<s

VA

:

OO

rA ON
M

• •

1 8
10

• •

iH • •

VO t"-

• •

vO

M •

VO ryN • H

OO VA

M

C/3

Pi

12

vO ■'d-
rA

H •

(N ON
M M

• •

•^"VO * •

rA O
n n

• •

O

rA (N

• •

r^» • •

<s n

<s 0

rA M

•

X

0

X

VO

O rA
rA rA

(N •

ON VA

• •

IA tS • •

<s 00

M

H •

<s r<

M M

• •

O 00 • •

VO M
M M

•

•

0

<S U~1

H • • •

W M

• •

m n

• •

MM • •

H •

•

•

Deaths.

VO O
rJ n
H M

M ON

O

VO VA

■^■vO

OO O' rj-
n}-

O ON
OO VA

O

H

ON CO

ON 00

rS CO -sh VO
r^oo

VO VA

co rx

Ax

CD X-

Bl’-W *1
M O rf

Choi.

Choi.

Jh, A
c5 ci

Choi.

Choi.

-c AT.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

**0 "9

dp J2
«3 r<!

O O

AZ AZ
* rt

AZ AZ

^§"2 5 5

"0 *o

a

AZ

a

O p

flQ

Q Q

QO

ss

Di

Di

OO QQ

r*

Q

M-J G AZ c
S r£ Mr"

-v 2> XI CL1 x xi x/ 'Xi x xi

Sg £-| £1 £1 £g J1 £ £ j>2 « 3 J1

5§^S 3 i 3 § 3 ® 3 J *2 ® .2 5 .2 J « ® |5 £ i

§ P=H Pm Pm S 3< St ^ ^ ^ Pm r^H -l-<

t*

. South Eastern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

123

1849

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

"O

3

• • ^ IS

• • N N

• • • cs

• •

rn M

• •

IS IS

• •

M M

IS rn

An

rn

OO

is

• • MM

• • IS •

IZ

• • MM

M is

M •

M M

• •

M VO

• •

rn rn

MM MM

IS M

« rn

• •

M IS

01

....

CS M

• M

days.

O

00

is m

• •

• M

• IS

• M

....

• M • M

M • • M

« •

is •

• •

• is

" *

• m

• M

”3- •

vO

M • • •

rn • • •

MM MM

• M

M M

M (S

M •

• M

• is

• M

IS M

ATS

cn m • m

. . . .

M (S M •

• M

M •

^ IS

M •

IS •

^ M

• M

IS IS

rA M •

CO N mm

Tf- rn is •

VO •

• rn

(S •

M IS

IS M

rn •

M M

M M

m \

rn IS • •

• •

aa An • •

IN IS

m m

rnvo

M M

2

2

M •

m m

M rn

IS

IS rn • M

is m •

aa ao • •

vO OO

M M

VO rn

is •

m m

• IS

m ^

IS M

M

12

10

1^ CO MM

M M

Tj- M M •

M M

Ov O

M M

• M

OV M
M IS

•

II

9

M M

II

OI

IS IS

i Total

under

I

Day.

r^-vo

Nt r-n • •

in rj-

•'4* rn • •

is ov is

^ rn •

CWO
is is

is

M (N
is in

IS

Ov An
M IS

rn

M OV
IS M

M

00

M

O An • •

M

on rn 1 ■

CO rh • M
M

00 OV

• M

t^» M
IS

• •

• M

• •

g

12

OZ

ZZ

O 00 • •

(S M

0 • •

M IN

II

II

• •

is vO

M M

• IS

Ov is
M

• M

rf M
M M

• M

O

a

vO

OO • •

M

OV rn • •

■d- An • m

M

OvvO

IS rf-

■ •

IS O

• M

• •

O

Deaths.

rn An ir\ fs
An

O 00 CO N
CO vO

m ov\0

r^vo

^ O
vO An

M M

An CO

-d- vj-
M M

34

44

IS VO
M IS

OO M

rn

20

22

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

j Diarrh.
j Diarrh.

Choi.

Cliol.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

(Males

(Females

j Males
(Females

| Males
(Females

f Males
(Females

f Males
(Females

| Males
( Females

(Males

(Females

f Males
(Females

(Males

(FemalesJ

| Males
i Females

1

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

Total.

CO <S

M

00 vn

"3- M

O An

•rh m

M

OO

IS

m

•d-

00

IS

CO

OO

rn

OV

IS

AGE.

Vi

c3

«

S-

An

O

An

vn

An

O

vO

An

vO

O

cv

South Eastern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea — continued.

at different Apes, and Duration of Attach

129

42

and

upwards

• •

rA c*

35

OO

• •

H M

H

<N

M

w •

vrs m

• •

rr\ m

• • • H

01

• •

h u-\

ON

DAYS

OO

• •

H M

• •

H n

I^N

• •

c* n

H •

VO

• H

H •

vn

• •

H H

• •

H H

H •

H M

• •

<S •

• • C4 M

rr\

<s n

M (S

• •

m h

• • * M

• •

H W

rv-t M

• C*

n H

H <S

h h • ca

H

r^» ^

M r»

• rr\

Total

under

r

Day.

va
M H

cA M

OO O

H

1H M

• H

00

H

cs vr\

H H

<s •

• ■

pa • h

12

1^.00

(S •

vr\0O

• H

O

H

VO

rn (S

• •

hi H

H •

O

Deaths.

VO rr\
(N IS

O N*-
IH H

cA <s
H M

va u~i O

hH

H

>

(S

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

(Males
| F ernales

j Males
(Females

| Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

f Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

l

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

j Males
(Females

(Males
( Females

J!

a ®

Total.

49

VO

C*

VA

cs

01

H

VO

;

•

•

•

AGE.

2

a

a>

p*

vn

r>-

O

co

va

OO

O

ON

CA

ON

100 and [

GO

"3

a

■s

P«

3

O’

K

. South Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrikea, with the Ages at which they occurred,

and the Duration of Attack.

130

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

DAYS.

-flj

I

CU

3

H

M M

uo

no

CO

is

w

IS

M

• m O h • rn in • • is no m • hi-, •• ••

H

IS M O VO
M M

01

IS no O'

O'

I

•

z

I

•

I

1

2

00

• M no no

M • r^. no H • OsO M M M no • • H H M • ••

M M

tJ* H vn no
IS <s

0

• tJ- so Th

VT\

• no O OO
M

•d*

H (S H 4" M H C> K • no M • M • •• M fS • •

■<i*oo m

M M

no

HM O' r>. IS IS nJ* M • CO •• no IS M • N N ••

00 0 •'tf-oo

IS

(S M (N Nf N O •• 'tH (i • M • IS • • M IS H

CO UO OO UO

M

no is m rj- n ’t H • his • <s • rh • h rri h • •

O' no N rs
M

Total

under

I

Day.

^ no CO M so •• H VO H • O CO • • O *“• ••

• • M • M • • MM • •

1C O' Nf M
no no

HOURS.

OO

M

1

2
I

I

I

IS no M •

<s

H

no is is h IS M •• uo no • • M io • • 10 10 • •

r^vo is m

M M

vo

MM M • M st* • • no nO • . Nj* • • UO Nj- • •

M •

M M

O

I

I

I

IS M • •

Deaths.

foco o'M co hs on 00 00 mis ism uo uo r^o is m

MM OO OO M M no r/0 MM MM M (S M (S

no O' M

fNCO no no
M M

Causes of
Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Cfl

( Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

a

0

H

VO O O is v© no no O m

is no v© no (S no M no

IS 00

vO VO

M IS

W

O

<

Under 1
1 Year, j

■1

’1

M

•1

Total [
under J
5 Years, j

. South Midland Division. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attach,

131

. South Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c— continued.

132

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

42

and

upwards

\

tJ*

rA

CO

tS

IZ

M rA

• •

M M

'd-

M

rs m

• •

• •

• M

rA •

01

M H

DAYS.

ON

• M

rs •

• •

• •

• •

• M

OO

M •

• •

t^.

• •

• H

M • H •

rs • • •

• • M •

rs m

• M

M •

• H

• M

•'d* •

VO

m ca

<s M

(S M

rA •

LA

M •

H M

M • <N •

m ca • <s

• H • •

rs m

rs M

■'d-

M •

M •

I

z

I

rA •

• M

• •

M •

M •

M M

rA

rs •

• M

rA <N H •

• H • H

M (N • •

•

rs •

<S •

• rs

M M

m rs

n

rA ca

M •

OO H • •

LA ’'d* • M

rA M • •

rs rs

rs •

M rA

• rs

rA rs

• M

-

rs O
M

• M

O ^ • •

W

ON • •

la O • M

M

M OO
M

M •

la rs

• •

rA rA

• •

Total

under

I

Day.

M OV
CS M

; ;

*d" ^d- • •

H H • •

cs • •

M • •

"d* H • •

MM • •

M CO
M

• :

in on

• M

m

M

M (S

00

"d-

• •

I

4

rA CS • •

M (N • •

I

4

• •

2

2

• M

• <s

• •

73

Ph

12

II

5

• •

O la • •

d" t^> • •

O' rs • •

'd-

• •

• •

rs rs

m rs

O

SO

lavO

• •

n in • •

• ca • •

CS <N • •

rs •

• •

m rs

• •

LA M

• •

O

M H

Deaths.

ca

rA ca

cavO

rA ca

O OV rA la

CS IN

la vO ca

<S rs

LA VO

rA rs

12

5

rs va
M M

m

M

LA ON
M M

O vO
rs m

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diairh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

o>

V

03 03

CD CD

03 03

<U JJ

V

CD

03

< V

<V

Oi

9
03 ~

03

03

w*

0

C/3

"3 S

^ 1

j Male
\Fema

| Male:
\Fema

» J »s

rt 2 rt S

H l) H ^

a fa gfa

a, rt <U 2

« ! 3 §

g; CO

•3 §
Sfa

0) =2
•3 §

gfa

■a a

03 «

1 §
gfa

3J

S£

•3 a

Total.

O

ON

M VO

49

8

fN ON

LA

M

vO

r^»

M

rs

rA

OO

■'d-

rA

vO

rA

W

cr

<

03

M

c3

OJ

X

O

sj*

3

O

LA

LA

LA

O

vO

LA

VO

O

r>

. South Midland Division, i 849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack .

133

and the Duration of the Attack.

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

134 1849.

>->

0>

-d

O

bQ

<D

0

w

p

cr>

'4-

00

2!

©

co

>

P

S3

sS

H

H

03

◄

w

DAYS.

42

and

upwards

1

| • • e- eT • • • (H .... • • (H • ....

I

An

m

oo

d

21

12

2

I

I

•

•

•

•

M

H

W M

• h vo m

M M

01

h • o rn • w m • m • •• • • •• • ■ • m

H

d w m ri*
H

• • rn H M • •• • W • W •• • • •• ••

mm m d

oo

d*

d H

d d

vO

• H d N

vn

I

•

■

I

I

I

I

£

OI

z

I

I

4

12

4

N • o VO • • d H M • W * • H • d W d ••

H

rn rn rn OV

rn

d • in in m d d d w • w * • d w • M • M •

An O Qv

M

d

• M ^*vO • M •• W • M d d W M • • • M •

rn rn t^*oo

H

d rn vn in d mm An w w • d d •• w • m •

■^■OO oo vo

M

Total

under

I

Day.

•M • • CO d • h r^oo d vO vn • • An oo • •

vo d H

d d

HOURS.

CO

H

12

• • •• An* * H d d • rj- H • • rnvO • •

vO QV d H

vO

• • • • d d • • rn vo •• h ^ • dd • •

OO Tt- • •

M

o

Deaths.

t^oo i — m ^ij\ ho vo w co tN Ornr^*d oo O An w

0 r- W d M MW MW M

An M oo w

An vn rt* O

M M

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

f Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

('Males
\ Females

( Males
(Females

f Males
(Females

1 Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

f Mules
(Females

J Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

Total.

And m i — r^An m Qv co vO

w co d m d w d m

M

vO Q>

o

w d

W

C5

Under /
I Year, j

■1

!f

•1

•(

Total [
under <
5 Years. 1

Eastern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack. 135

Eastern Division, i 849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

136

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

Eastern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages , and Duration of Attack

13 7

. South Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea, with the Ages at which they occurred,

and the Duration of Attack.

138

1849

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea

DAYS.

-a

p.

3

• • f". rj- ••MM • • CA • • MM • • MM

• • CA M

M M

CA

fA

OO

m

• • O' fA • • rA ca ••mm • * •• M •• ••

• • fA OO

M

II

M

I

I

20

II

-d-

H

• M Nj-00 M M CA M • ♦ H M •• • m • • M •

M

1

1 2

21

12

01

• M O VO •• • M • • MM •• • M • M ••

M

II

II

Z

•

•

2

2

I

I

•

•

•

•

MM MM

CO

1

6

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

M fA CA

tN

Mrj-oor^. MM M M AM <A • fA • M M • • M

M M

OO ON OS

M M

\D

• M CA ^ fA M MM M rA M • M * M • fA M ••

O CO CO CA

CA

M C* O C» M . M fA MM •• M fA • • M • ••

M

os m ca

M

'd*

fA rA MO fAvO fA rA M M • *3* rf- • • MM M •

M M

VO vO fA

MM MM

fA

ca fA M t-% tJ* rA fA • M M • M • rfr* ••

M

M rA CA M
MM MM

M

nJ- rA fAsO r}- rA • M CO la mm ca • M ca M M •

rj- ca O

MM M

H

v£3 M M M OssO M rj- MOM- O' M • ca • M

M

M M VO
rh fA

Total

under

I

Day.

r-'. O MM SO M • M MOO CA VO CO rA CO O rA M

M M fA • MM* ^ M • CA rA

O' M OO OO
fA M
M M

HOURS.

OO

H

Tj* M M • MM • M M fA • • VO V© M • CAM • •

OS fA MM
M M

12

I

II
ZI

I

01

oz

I

fi

01

I

£i

II

£

z

CA M MM

CA CA

0

• CA * M M-'d"** OS O • M CO O M • Os CO M M

MM M MM MM

CO tv rA CA
CA CA

O

M • M • M rA •• MM • • M M •• M • ••

r-svo M •

Deaths.

O m t^- M rj- rA in K CO tJ- OSsO OO ca v© m fA rj* fs ia

ca rA M OO CA ca M fA ca cr> MM SO ca m vOnJ-

rA rhO

r-* fA oo ca

MM MM

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

a

w

I Males
(Females

(Males
1 Females

( Males
I Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males
1 Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

Total.

M CO r^M MCA rA I^M

VO O O VO M rA MM O M

MM M m M

O

M »A

CA fA

AGE.

Under J

1 Year, j

■1

■1

■1

•1

Total (
under |
5 Years. 1

. South Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c.' — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attach.

139

. South Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

140

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

42

and

upwards

• • MM

• • • H

va

rA

OO

rs

21

M •

• M

• • <S M

• •

• • M CS

M

• • H •

• M CS •

M M

M •

• cs

• •

• • M rA

• •

rA VA

M • • •

10

M M

rA M • •

• cs

CS •

• • M CS

0

M M

• • M •

DAYS

00

H (S * •

M M

• •

• M • M

AA *

• (S

CS • M •

I-'-.

• M • aa

• (S rA H

• AO

• M

M CS

• M

I

I

1

2

• vn

^ rs

M • • •

VO

M • •

• • MM

rA M

• M

M M

• •

• M • •

• •

M M

M • CS •

VA

VA CS • •

cs • • m

CS CS

M •

M A*

• M

AA CS • A*

• •

• M

Z

I

I

I

CS VO M •

CS rA • M

■d- rs

M •

rA va

• • •

CS rA • CS

M CS

UV M

cs • - cs

rA

OO OO • •

OO Nf- • •

">4* rA
M

M M

00 OO

• •

^ As . fS

aa vn

• M

”<4- cs • M

cs

cs • •

tJ- • •

VO AA

• •

*4" ov

M M

OO AA • M

cs va

M CS

iA VA M •

H

rA tJ* • •

M (S

O' iA H •
M cs

0O <s

CS

• •

m r>N

CS M

• •

12

21

2

O' rA
m cs

• cs

6

12

Total

under

I

Day.

aavO cs •
m va •

i ^ • •

VO VA

nJ-

• •

OO CS

^ ^4*

• M

VO vO • •

rA rA • •

VO AA
AA AA

M CS

O rA MM
rA CS

00

M W\ • •

Ov rj- • •

OV <s
M

• •

rA O
M M

• •

6

IO

OO VA

• cs

iA O' • •

CO

12

CS vO M •

CS <s

O VO • •

CS CS

<s cs

• •

A* Tj-
tS <S

• M

OVOO • •

As rA
M (S

M •

LS

12

I

O

E

OV 'd* M •
H M

rA H • •

M M

10

4

• •

12

6

• •

O OO • •

IO

5

• •

O' CS • M

O

H M • •

CS M • •

• cs

• •

M CS

Deaths.

O Ov VO n}-

OV O
M

O' ia co m
r-. O'

uv uv
00 00

VA OO

O' OV
O' CO

CS OO

OvvO vO

VO M

tI-vO

vO

Ov O

M CS

rA AA CS
VA t}" MM

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Clwl.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

| Males
(Females

(Males
( Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males

(Females

Total.

OI

66l

Tf rA

fN. M

O

AA

M

OO

CO

M

01

VA AA

v*- CS

O

-4-

39

VO VO

ov CS

AGE.

SO

M

c3

<3J

>

O

VA

V4"

O

IT

O

vO

u-\

VO

O

r>»

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack ,

141

T3

£11

• ° h m

• • (T| ro

3

vn

rr\

CO

M

• • H H

M

M

H

• • rv*i M

2

I

I

01

• • m •

• • rv*i M

DAYS.

oo

• • • H

• • • •

• • • M

....

• • M •

• •

• •

• •

I

1

2

1

2
2

• • MM

VO

• M • •

• H M •

vn

• M • •

H • MM

MM MM

rr\

M ^ H M

M

M v£5 • M

M

O ^ • M

M

r^. • m

Total
under
[ I

Day.

ro» rj- H •

H H •

3

12

I

CO

H

u-> u-\ H •

2

I

I

c/5

12

CO OO • •

i

10

MM • •

O

VO 1

O

£

ei

mm vrs vr*

r A m M H

M rr\ ir\0
MM MM

O' to

M M

M M

a

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Cliol.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

c o co

to CO

CO CO

CO CO

CO CO

CO

CO

X

V)

Sex.

CO 'tj CO ^

* g « 2j

cC E ed g

CO J CO

0 cn gj ca

'eS § 'g §

[Males

(Femali

| Males
1 Femali

/Males

(Femalt

/Males

(Femali

GO ^ CO r~l

«> 2 £ 2

(3 H CU «

/Males

(Female

/ Males
(Femali

cs Jp

T S

3

m o

vO rn

^ H

ro ro

M

M M

M M

M M

.

•

•

.

fS

AGE.

75 Years.

O

OO

vr\

oo

O

O

W\

o>

ioo and J
upwards, j

CV

and the Duration of Attack.

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

142 1849.

S

<p

E

3

O

o

O

IB

O)

bD

<1

.3

0

s

5

e*

<

w

«

ov

'Jr

co

65

©

to

>

Q

o

P

P

&

an

W

>

VO

West Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

143

at different Ages, and Duration of Attacn.

West Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued .

144

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

West Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attach,

145

L

and the Duration of Attack.

146

1849,

Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

'o'

Q)

Sh

3

O

o

o

ho

o>

w

o

ON

CO

B

K

O

&

7* -N orth Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages , and Duration of Attach,

147

. North Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

148

1819. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

. North Midland Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and duration of Attach,

149

North Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrbcea, with the Ages at which they occurred,

and the Duration of Attack.

150 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

. North Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack.

151

n 1 1
§•

• •

Z

Z

• •

IS UN

IS ^

• •

ts

35

CO

IS

H M

21

M •

2

2

H • H •

• •

• M

• •

M IS

• •

M H

M •

• M

M M

sf-

M

m •

rh rA

W rA H rn

M M

IS H

• rh

H IS

• ts

• H

« *

IS UN

IS M

IS IS

O

H

is •

is rs

m H H H

M IS

M M

m

• M

I

4

• IS

fA •

IS •

rA rA

M M

ON

• •

H •

IS • • •

IS •

• •

• H

H •

• •

rh M

• IS

IS •

• M

DAYS

OO

• M

I

4

• •

IS rA

M IS

• •

• ^

• •

rs

• rh

rC|H IS IS

rA m

IS M

• M

rA CO

rA UN

• IS

IS rA

M M

vO

M un

• •

rA ^ • •

• M

H •

1

4

• M

IS LA

• •

vO tJ-

• ts

n*- IS

• •

un

co

<s H

rA • •

M

M H

r^vo

H •

vO rA

M •

UN VO

• •

O

H

M •

Th

rA

H

I

4

^ • •

-^-vO

• •

ts r",

M

• IS

UN M

• •

vO rA
M

M •

00 ON

M IS

rA

vO is

M M

rA is

O' r> • •

t^-vO

H •

U> fA

M •

iavO

M M

M M

■v}* rA
H M

M •

r-^vo

M M

• M

IS

O 00

c* m

•

*-i IS IS

w

ts

• •

M

H M

UN VO
M IS

• IS

IS IS

M M

IS <A
IS M

M IS

H

ts is

IS H

00 m •

M M

II

11

• •

O'VO

M rA

M M

In M
Tj-

• IS

UN OO
rA rA

rA M

OO UN
IS UN

• W

Total

under

I

Day.

rA T+-
rA r^-

M M

z

I

O M M is
VO VO

M VO
vO tJ*

: :

M M

VO on

IS

UN «S
M UN
M M

rA

rA rA
IA un

M M

: •

rs un
M Tj*
H M

; :

00

M

22

22

• •

rj- IS • •

M M

is co

H

• •

M rA
M M

• IS

IS O
M rA

• •

rA UN

IS ts

• •

O' M
IS rA

• •

tr.

ccj

ZJ

rA is
VO VO

W M

IAOO • M

ia <s

IS IS
»A is

• •

is

IS uv

• •

r^vo

vO

rA •

IS UN

r^co

rA uv
un

• •

D

O

VO

VO *A
un

• M

M O • •

M IS

un

M M

• •

IS rj"
IS IS

• •

rA tJ-

• •

'tj-co
rA rA

• •

rA UN
rA rA

• •

0

ts r-s

• •

IS H M M

rA m

• •

M IS

■ •

IS IS

• •

UN

• •

c» ^

• •

Deaths.

M rA
•A <S
IS IS

IS OO
IS (S

OC rA M IS
mm m H

UN vO
ON CO

OO UN

OO M
w ON
M M

vO vO

M

O M
m r>»
ts is

ONVO

VO IS

rvNvO
IS IS

rA I''.

H M

IA ON
M UN
IS IS

OZ

II

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarih.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh

Sex.

1 Males
\ Females

| Males
(Females

(Males !
(Females

f Males
( Females

<0

H

§ rH

(Males
1 Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

1 Males
(Females

in

11
r-N ta

(Males
l Females

£

00

Jt s
^ pS

Total.

454

O

un

M IA

IA IS

IS

OO

M

fA

M

ON

O

cA

22

OO

UN

IS

00

O'

Nfr

O

r A

474

M

rA

AGE.

in

u

as

<v

x

un

O

UN

M

O

r*

UN

IS

0

rA

UN

rA

152

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

42

and

upwards

• H

I

• w

. • •

c* m

• •

mvo

- •

rn m

I

4

• •

m

• •

m •

in

m

M M

CO

(S

^5

It

M •

h rs

• M

M (S

2

I

• • m r4

m

• •

in m

•«

8

M

M M

c« •

H M

Z

z

r* •

C* M

(S in

• • m

M •

C4 VO

• M

r4 m

1

O

M

• •

rn M

M M

M •

<s rn

• <S

• m

H •

Z

I

I

I

<S M

• m

• •

m m

<1

ON

m H

• M

W •

• •

• m

M M

oS

8

r"

<1

Q

CO

(N M

• •

r* <S

H •

M M

• W

• (S

m w

• • M H

M M

w .

M M

• M

U

s

UN VO

(s m

vO vO

M •

'd- vi-

m m

■d- •

in m

C4 in M

2

2

<s <s

M •

(S M

M

-O

a

a

d

pH

Q5

VO

m O

M

• M

2

i 4

M •

(S M

r» •

m m

• rn (4

M •

m

M M

M •

in

10

5

• •

3

OI

•

rn M

m m

rn

Ntf* tJ- rn ^

m M

• •

c* m

m m

*2

Q

m O

M M

• <S

12

12

H W

O vo

M

• H

rl-

c* •

m vo n m

co m

f4 M

M *—

m n

s

O

m

m tJ-
l-i M

I

4

O m

(N M

H M

CO tJ-

c* •

II

10

m n

12

IO

I

I

vo in

M M

m on

M (S

75

ON VO
H H

• rn

O M
m cs

M M

O rn
<s c*

C* M

M C*
C* M

(S w

m m •

H M

on c*

M

Z

I

m

M C4

"cS

0)

Q

M

M "d"
rj- in

• •

'd*0O

4- ^

n h

rn in
m m

• H

in

<s m

(S H

ON CO •

C4 -ct-

M ON
<S (S

• •

tl

IZ

• fS

CA

xt-

co

Total

under

I

Day.

iniO
O C4
M M

c*

101

120

c<

m

ON M
M

H .

rn r»
vo oo

VO OO H W

in co

O ON
^ -vt-

M (S

moo
m m

M M

00

20

22

• •

22

33

O in
M (S

■ •

rj-vO

M

M •

h rs • •

M M

ON

• M

m

M •

J5

O

C/5

M

>

75

tl

m M
in rs

• w

ON rn
'd’vo

OO vo
t}-vO

M •

mvo
r< m

H •

n r4 • m

m m

rh ih
(S <N

M •

moo

M

• M

o

VO

m
<S m

• M

OO rn
rs r»

• •

O rn

<N <N

• •

-rt- ON

n m

• •

n co • •

ON 0O

• M

m

• •

o

S5

tf

O

in •

• •

«S M

• •

m rn

• •

<S M

• •

MM M •

• M

• •

• *

•

w

H

<n

K|

£

H

3

£

00

Deaths.

vo m

M

(S <s

ON o
r»

O rn
rn rn

C* (N

22

9

O rn
CO rn

b-> <S

ON CO

M M

in vO
m in

>H CO

m m

in O O m

<s co m <s

M M

94

106

M OO

n n

oo in
vo in

oo m
<s (S

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarih.

1 CfcoJ,
Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi-

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Clwl.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

K

0)

Vi

( Males
l Females

( Males
(Females

j Males
(Females

J Males
( Females

f Males
(Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

I Males
(Females

j Males
| Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
1 Females

IMales

(Females

1

! Total.

vO

ON

C*

rn

vo

■T

m

rn

M

m

M

ON

49

in in

O in

rn

200

49

m

c*

M

M

in

AGE.

K

cj

0>

o

•T

in

O

m

in

m

O

VO

in

vO

O

North Western Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack.

153

and the Duration of Attack.

154

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

3

o

o

<u

rsi

bo

a>

<z>

m

H

W

Q

ON

"4"

CO

O

C/3

M

>

P

CS

o

d>

42

and

upwards

M •

■'d* d»

H M

* *

OO OS

• •

An d

« •

• H

• •

H H

M •

oo O
d rn

rn

• •

d d

• •

SO t}-

• •

M M

W

CO

d

• M

d 30
M

• H

00 An

• d

O An
d m

fat

d

Cl d

vO An

W fat

fat •

OO VO

• •

• •

• M

• •

• M

rn d

OO d
d rn

H

H •

An An
d m

rn H

d in
M H

rj- M

d d

M .

H H

• W

• •

OS rn

in rn
rn

01

fat •

11

12

fat H

rj* in

• •

M H

M •

M M

• H

• H

rn d

O

fat d

o>

• •

d rn

• •

d d

DAY!

00

• M

sO sO

M M

m An

• d

W •

I

4

II

OI

id

An m

VO OO
d *h

rn stf*

d o

H

H W

d so

H •

d d

• •

d M

O OO

M

OS id

rn rn

SO

rn d

m An

• •

oo rn

H M

• •

• •

m d

• •

• •

tJ* rn

OI

ZI

• SO

sn vn

h d

sfr H

• d

• ^

m •

• •

d d

• •

6

12

OS o

fat

An d

rd m
M M

An d

00 SO

w

m h

d t}-

d m

H An

M H

tJ-
H M

W T*-

rn d

m

r> »n

os O

W fat

so sn

ri* rn

in d

^ d

An rf-

d d

• ♦

• •

m vO
d m

Os id
d m

d

An An

d os

6

OI

d w

II

8

M M

si* m

• d

sn d

d •

m

rn d

id m
fat

fat

SO so

• sn

SO OO

d rn

■^-sO

• d

os m

H fat

m in

• •

O oo

d

m fat
M

Total i
under
I

Day.

11

9

rn d

An r}*
d m

M

T^-sO
d d

w d

H Id

m d

M fat

C'

d d

• :

co O
fa. o

m m

Anvo

CO

-d- •

H •

H

• M

rh m

• M

mso

M •

d rn

• •

OS rn

d d

w

os

1 12

An

W fat

d rd
H

• •

H •

m os

fat

• fat

id d
H M

• •

in d
sn tJ-

d d

o

ffi

sO

m m

M M

d. ^

• •

d oo

M

• fat

OI

OI

' *

tdvO

• *

Os fat
m m

m d

O

• •

d d

• •

M M

• •

w d

■ •

m m

• •

in os

• •

Deaths.

td d

sf

m m
sO "d-

fat fat

d oo
so

w OS
OS CO

rh O
so sn

An m
d rn

rd m
An ^

d id
fat M

O O

so sn

IZZ

o Lz

id id

O' oo
d d

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Cho.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi

A

fa *-•
fa fa

a

QQ

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

0»
» 3

3 S

«i fa

<V

jf

S "3
~ S

45 5

3 fa

( Males
1 Females

( Males
( Females

1 Males
( Females

a>

» ~
•S |

Sfa

M

0)

~ £

( Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
( Females

f Males
( Females

Total.

OS

oo

OO

O

m

Oil

o

oo

fat

tJ*

fat

M

SO

An

oo

Os

OS

d

o

00

II

fat

Os

oo

m

AGE.

Under f

*

1/

fa<

fat

fat

d

r+

"t

Total [
under <

a r*
a

V

fa

m

. York Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages , and Duration of Attack

155

York Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

156

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

42

and

upwards

w •

IS rA

• •

• M

-d- H

VAVO

H H

• •

d* rA

• •

rA la

la

rA

H M

H IS

OO

IS

H H

• •

W •

• •

M •

IZ

H •

M •

• •

fA M

• •

d- r*

H •

• IS

• •

IS IS

• •

IS •

W H

IS 0

H

rA IS

is h

H rA

<s •

H rA

• W

M rA

H IA

d rA

H rA

rA is

M M

*H IS

IS LA

OI

M (S

• •

• fA

• ■

• M

• H

H H

• IS

M M

li •

H H

H IS

• IS

d- is

ON

H •

• •

M •

• H

H IS

M H

<

c

OO

H rA

M •

■ •

M rA

• rA

H H

• •

• IS

• •

IS •

la

* is

2

4

• •

fA H

M •

VO IS

rA •

rA IS

d is

H •

IS rA

IS H

H rA

O

h d-

’d* •

is is

• •

rA IS

M •

LA

rAO

• M

rA IS

W M

h

• •

IS IS

• •

H IS

M IS

IS rA

• M

rA is

IS is

■d*

10
2 ;

• •

OO rA

M •

LA

• •

rA la

IS rA

r-^ la

H IS

d rA

d rA

H IS

IS H

rA

ON d"

• •

M rA
M

• •

12

9

H H

r^so

H •

LA LA

W IS

00 d*

H H

m

H M

IS

LA W

H M

• •

d" d*

1— < M

H IS

d* d"

M

• •

CO 0
M

• •

w

M

• •

d* is

H M

H •

00 d*

• H

H

LA d*
IN <S

d" ON
IS rA

• •

rA O
rA rA

• IS

00

IS IS

IS •

LA (N
IS IS

• »

O d*

H IS

• M

•AO

M IS

M IS

Total

under

I

Day.

OO ON

00

• •

vo r-~

r-^

: :

CO 0
r^oo

: •

la d

vo 00

w

O' LA
LAO

• •

LA M
LA d

• H

IN hs
IS rA

M •

OO

is la
cs h

• •

VO »A
M M

• •

W SO
M IS

• •

VO ON
M M

• •

0 0

IS IS

• •

12

12

• M

O ON

• •

c/3

12

is is
•d* d-

• •

ON VO
rA d"

• •

rAsO
d" rA

• •

M LA
rA d

• H

O O

IS rA

• •

O ON
rA M

• •

LA O
H IS

H •

O

X

O

rA IS
(S (N

• •

ON LA
M M

• •

rA OO
IS M

• •

O'

M t— 1

• •

rA 0O
W

• ■

II

9

• •

O OO

• •

0

H •

• •

IS M

• •

M •

• •

H H

• •

• H

• •

IS H

Deaths.

la ON
VO rA
M H

ONOO

« O

d* LA
•— t M

O' t'x

00 d*

la d*
M M

IS 00
w

rA M
<s d

LA (S
H IS

r-~0

W M
M M

d

M M

d- O

O ON
H

OO O'
M M

d-00

O tN

LA M
IS rA

Causes

of

Deaths.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diairh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

( Males
1 Females

( Males
(Females

( Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

f Males
( Females

( Males
(Females

en

o>

in

« 2
Id ^

L 1 1)

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

( Males
(Females

(Males
( Females

(Males

(Females

(Males
I (Females

Total.

d-

O

rA

rx

M

<S

ON

IS

vO

H

IS

O

rA

oz

d*

VO

c*

♦A

rA

rA

IS

rA

d-

ON

M

I —

rA

IS

d-

M

O

LA

York Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages , and duration of Attack

15 7

■s

NHj
■d- g s

• • c* <s • •

s'

*A

rA

OO

(S

21

H

2

2

I

01

ON

03

1*

<

P

OO

-

• • C* • • H

0 w • r*

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

* •

v£>

VA

1

4

2

r* • • m •

• W MM

H •

M .

rA

2

I

I

I

•

<S

't H » vf C*

H • • M

M .

H

30 'tf * C* IS H

M

• W M H

- •

Total

under

1

Day.

*a <s • • <s

H H • • M

• • rA rA

OO

M

in N • • M rf-

03

Ph

12

(S • • M tj-

X

VO

rA rA • • ir\ rr)

• • H C4

O

i

M r^. rA »A va ON

rA rA H M H M

OO rA vA O'

M

O'

M

C4

M

• .

• •

• •

H

• .

<U

Q

Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrb.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

MM M

2 Z

M

M

M

CA

C/i

*

M

Sex.

j Males
(Female

( Males
(Female

( Males
(Female

(Males

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68

28

34

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.

£

io. Northern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhcea, with the Ages at which they occurred,

and the Duration of Attack.

158

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

42

and

upwards

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Causes

of

Death.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh. |
Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Sex.

( Males
(Females

(Males

(Females

(Males
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C»

1/

oa

0) :S
H £
5 fa

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(Males

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1 Males
i Females

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j Males
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Total.

0^

on

in

1 —
M

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74

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1 Year, ■s

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5 Years. |

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack. 1 59

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Causes

of

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Choi.

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Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

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Diarrh.

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M

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33 33

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(Males

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( Males
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Total.

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o

cl

la

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IA

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I

io. Northern Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

160

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

IO. Northern Division. 1849. Deaths from Oholei a and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration off Attack. 1 G l

162

1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

at different Ages, and Duration of Attack. 163

I

I

ii. ^VELSH Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

1

1849 Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea

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of

Death.

Choi.

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Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Clxol.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Cliol.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Cliol.

Clwl.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

Choi.

Diarrh.

Diarrh.

Choi.

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Diarrh.

Diarrh.

”2"! £ §
Co 33

Sex.

V) (Ii

0 o>

w w

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u u u v

r=5 (z4 Pm

( Males
( Females

f Males
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( Males
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<5

ii

j Males
(Females

(Males

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j Males
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X

V

ill

( Males
( Females

( Males
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Total.

ua so

OO

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d

III

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M

IX

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d

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w

m

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UA

UA

UA

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UA

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ii. Welsh Division. 1849. Deaths from Cholera and Diarrhoea, &c. — continued.

at different Ages, and Duration of Attach. 1G5

42

and

upwards

H

•

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ro

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Total

under

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ON

100 and J
upwards j

-

t

NOTES ON CHOLERA

1849.

LONDON. — West Districts.

MIDDLESEX (Part of).

[The figures refer to the number of the District and Sub-Dis-
trict. Tlie name of the District is in small sapitals, and
the Sub-District in italics .]

i ; r. Kensington ; Paddington St. Mary.

Pop. 6436. — Cliol. 12 ; Diarr. 15. — Includes the north
part of the parish of Paddington, west of the Edgeware-
road ; bounded on the south by Westbourne-grove-road,
Bishop’s-road, and the Canal ba3in.

On May 25 th, the first fatal case of cholera occurred
at the Workhouse ; the next on July 30th, at Pickering-
place ; the last death from cholera was recorded in the
workhouse on September nth. Church-place, Dudley-
street, Brindley-street, Kent’s-place, &c., and the neigh-
bourhood of North Wharf-road, chiefly Suffered from
cholera and diarrhoea. 3 deaths from cholera, and one
from diarrhoea, occurred in the Workhouse, in which
the inmates number about 200.

1 ; 2. Kensington ; Paddington, St. John.

Pop. 18737. — Choi. 23; Diarr. 39. — This Registrar’s
district lies west of the Edgeware-road, between the
Canal basin and Hyde-park, and includes the north
part of the Kensinglon-gardens.

Cholera appeared on June 28th, at 27 St. Peters-
burgh-place, where a solicitor died in 30 hours after
the attack commenced ; the next 2 deaths occurred
in July, on the nth and 15th ; in August 11 deaths;
September 7 ; October 2, the last fatal case on the nth.
Of the 23 deaths from cholera, 19 were adults, and of
the 39 deaths from diarrhoea, 24 were children under
4 years of age. The epidemic was fatal in Praed-
street, Chapel-side, Star-street, Market-street, Oxford-
terrace, Gloucester-terrace, &c.

i; 3. Kensington ; Kensington Town. Pop. 17369.
— Choi. 97; Diarr. 35. — On January 9th and 14th,
2 pauper children died in the workhouse of cholera,
after removal from Drouet’s establishment at Tooting.
By February 7th, the next 18 fatal cases occurred in
Jenning’s-buildings ; in this locality the epidemic
prevailed throughout the year, and 30 deaths from
cholera occurred; also 18 in the potteries, and 7 in
the Workhouse (which contains about 300 indoor
paupers) ; 7 in New-street ; 5 in James-street, Kensing-
ton-square, &c. The last case recorded occurred on
October nth, at Prince’s-place ; the majority of the
persons attacked were labourers and their families.

The following notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

In Ids return for the week ending January 20th, the
Registrar states that “23 children had been removed
from Drouet’s school at Tooting. Of this number 16
were attacked by cholera, but owing to careful treatment
only 2 cases proved fatal. Jenning’s-buildings is the
resort of the poorest class of persons (principally Irish).
In many cases there are seven or ten persons living
constantly in a single room.’’

“ On July 28th, at the potteries, Kensington, the son
of a tile-maker died of cholera in 42 hours ; this death
was attributed by the medical attendant to the malaria
arising from a pond of stagnant water, called ‘ the

Ocean,’ a receptacle for dead animals and filth of all
descriptions, and into which the adjacent piggeries and
privies have been drained for the last 20 years. This
enormous cesspool has recently become more dangerous
to health in consequence of the erection of St. James’s
National Schools, on that side where there is the'greatest
accumulation of the foul drainage. Several cases of
dysentery and diarrhoea have occurred in the neigh-
bourhood.”

“ On August 17th, at the potteries, son of a carman,
aged 2 years, died of diarrhoea. The most unhealthy
place in this district; it may be almost considered a
village of pig-feeders, without drains, and surrounded
on all sides with stagnant pools of water.”

“'On August 31st, at 3 Trafalgar-place, widow of
a soldier, cholera 36 hours. This woman was engaged
as nurse to a person who died of cholera on August
25th; it is stated she took home the clothes of deceased,
and washed them.”

“ On September 20th, at 5 Uxbridge-street, widow
of a labourer, cholera 3 days. This woman laid out
the body of a lady who died of cholera, took home
the clothes to wash, and placed them in a tub of
water under her bed.”

i; 4. Kensington; Brompton. Pop. 9465.

Choi. 27 ; Diarr. 14. — Forms the south-east part of
the parish of Kensington, bounded on the west by the
Kensington canal, on the south by the Fulham-road, & c.
Cholera was fatal in 12 hours, on July 9th, to a
music-seller’s widow, at Michael’s-place; the epidemic
was most prevalent in September ; the last death took
place at 5 Yeoman ’s-row, on October 2nd, duration
of attack 17 hours. In the Consumption Hospital, 3
deaths from cholera were registered ; and Ilrompton-
row, Sloane-place, Chapel-place, Yeoman ’s-row, &c.,
are localities in which the epidemic was fatal.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 25 th, at 44 Chapel-place, a labourer, aged
31 years, cholera 13 hours. The medical attendant states
that 1 the deceased was annually subject to severe pre-
monitory diarrhoea ; on this attack, medical aid was not
employed until collapse set in. The locality (Chapel-
place) is damp and very badly drained. In conse-
quence of stagnated filth of every kind, fever and
sickness frequently prevailed.”

“ On August 14th, at 6 Sloane-place, widow of a
soldier, cholera 6 hours. Sloane-place is occupied by
the poorer classes ; it is in a crowded neighbourhood,
and unfavourable to health.’’

“ On September 13th, at 41 Chapel-place, a spinster,
servant, aged 45 years, cholera 26 hours. The deceased
had attended a person who died in the house of cholera
on the previous Sunday.”

“ On September 1 2th, at 5 Sloane-place, son of a
lawyer’s clerk, diarrhoea 8 hours, cholera 6 hours.
The informants stated that a cow-shed and pigs in the
locality render the place at times very offensive.”

“ On October 1st, at 13 Yeoman’s-row, a female,
aged 55, supposed to be a married woman, cholera 25
hours. The deceased had washed the clothes of a person
who died of cholera on 25th ultimo.”

“ On October 2nd, at 5 Yeoman’s-row, wife of a
journeyman baker, aged 63 years, cholera 17 hours.
This person, to clean her room, had made use of the

167

Cholera in the Sub-Districts of London.

suds in which the clothes of a person who died of
cholera had been washed.”

i ; 5. Kensington; St. Peter, Hammersmith.

Pop. 3565. — Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 8. — Includes the chapelry
of St. Peter, extending east from Turnham Green,
&c. On July 7th the first death from cholera, in 16
hours, occurred in New-street ; another on the 6th
August, in 14 hours, at Ravenscourt-cottage. The
two succeeding deaths, on the 16th and 19th, were
at 12 Trafal gar-street, occupied by a laundress, and
in the same house 2 deaths from diarrhoea also oc-
curred on the 19th. 2 deaths were recorded from

cholera at 8 South-street on the 24th and 28th August,
namely, a painter and his wife ; the last case registered
was on September nth, at St. Peter’s wharf. The
Registrar, in his cholera returns, describes the follow-
ing cases and localities :• —

“ On August 16th, at 12 Trafalgar-street, laundress,
cholera 12 hours, consecutive fever 3 days. The street
is almost without drainage, the water during three-
fourths of the year lying 2 or 3 inches deep in the
roadway. The houses are inhabited by very poor
people, and are dirty, ill ventilated, and badly
drained. This is one of the worst localities in the dis-
trict.”

“ On August l6tb, at 4 New-street, daughter of
labourer, diarrhoea 3 weeks. The neighbourhood in
which these deaths have occurred is traversed by a
creek from the Thames, the bed of which is covered by
a thick layer of most filthy mud, emitting a sickening
effluvium iri warm weather upon every recession of the
tide. The houses are mostly very dirty and ill ven-
tilated, and inhabited by several families.”

1 ; 6. Kensington ; St. Paul, Hammersmith. —
Pop. 9888. — Choi. 33 ; Diarr. 12. Includes the east
part of the parish of Hammersmith, bounded on the
south by the river Thames, and comprises Brook-
green, Shepherds-bush, &c.

On February 24th, a death from cholera occurred
at No. 8 Scott’s-cottages, Shepherds-bush, In the first
week of March a labourer and his son died of cholera
at 2 Scott’s-row, in the same neighbourhood ; the next
fatal case on July 12th, at Providence-place; the
epidemic continued to increase in August, and pre-
vailed throughout the month of September. On the
27th the last fatal attack was at the Lower Mall. At
No 7 Margaret's-row, Brook-green, 4 persons died, 2
dying on one day (August 28th); and at No. 5
Crafter-terrace, Latymer-road, the 2 children of a
potter ; in this terrace 4 other persons died of cholera.
The annexed particulars are selected from the Regis-
trar’s remarks : —

“Two deaths took' place from cholera in Scott’s-
row, Shepherds-bush ; the row consists of eight
cottages on the Uxbridge-road, inhabited by the
families of labourers, of whom some appear to be in
great destitution. The locality is swampy, badly
drained, and has some stagnant ditches. In the rear
of the cottages, at the distance of 25 feet, is a foul
ditch, into which a quantity of nuisance is emptied.”

“ On August 14th, at 1 Brook-green-place, son of
a labourer, diarrhoea one week, convulsions 24 hours,
A close, overcrowded, filthy street, chiefly Irish in-
habitants.”

“ On August 25th, at Albion-lodge, Brook-green,
gentleman, diarrhoea 5 days, cholera 16 hours. Regular
and temperate in his habits, living retired from business.
All the symptoms of malignant cholera appeared
about 2 hours after having been visited by bis medical
attendant for simple diarrhoea, when his case did not
present any particular feature. His appearance when
in health indicated obstructed circulation about the
heart, and bronchial disease,”

“ On August 28th, at Spring Vale Factory, Blythe-
lane, workman at a bleaching factory, cholera 7 hours.’’

“ Four cases of cholera which occurred at Mar-
garet’s-row, Brook-green, were characterized by ex-
treme severity.”

“Margaret’s-row consists of 10 or 12 cottages,
situated at the west end of Brook-green, open in front
to the common ; they are small and crowded ; the
owner lived amongst them in a large and commodious
house — his death from cholera was reported on
August 25th, at Albion Lodge. The first case oc-
curred on the 27th, at No. 7, a gardener; he had been
labouring previously under diarrhoea, collapse had set
in before he was visited. At 3 p.m. a girl about 12
years was attacked in the same house, collapse at the
very commencement, and at about 11 p.m. the mother,
who had been in attendance upon these two cases, was
likewise attacked,, and became immediately collapsed,
all on the same day. The cases at No. 8, which
occurred next morning, were still more rapid — father
and child ; the former worked at a bleaching factory
close by, left his house about 6 a.m. in good health,
had slept well, had neither been sick nor purged, nor
any other premonitory symptoms, and in about an
hour was seized with all the most malignant symptoms.
The child at home was seized much about the same time,
and died almost as rapidly. Within 80 yards of these
cottages there is a most foul, filthy, and offensive
ditch, containing a large quantity of black putrid
matter. The wind on Sunday and Monday was
directly over this ditch towards these houses.”

“ On September 4th, at 7 Margaret’s-row, Brook-
green, charwoman, died of cholera 2 days, typhoid
fever 3 days. Was in the same house where 3 people
died in the previous week.”

“ On September 6th, Broadway, a charwoman, cho-
lera 24 hours. Locality open : this person was in great
poverty, intemperate, and was nurse in a house where
cholera had appeared.”

“ On September 8th, at 1 Salem-place, Bridge-
road, wife of journeyman tailor, cholera 18 hours.
Husband, wife, and 3 children occupying one room ;
always filthy and offensive. The family in the utmost
destitution and poverty, not intemperate. Wife of a
feeble constitution, and subject to epilepsy ; returned
from Bermondsey the day previous, where she had been
to visit a sister and 2 children, all dead from cholera;
no premonitory symptoms, but collapse ushered in the
disease; she never rallied in the slightest, although
she had immediate medical assistance.”

“ On September 13th, at 5 Crafter-terrace, Latymcr
road, son of potter, cholera 12 hours. An open situa-
tion, but low and damp ; close to the potteries in
Kensington district ; a foul, filthy situation, where
cholera has been very prevalent.”

x; 7. Kensington; Fulham. Pop. 9319.

Choi. 60 ; Diarr. 23. — This district comprises the
entire parish of Fulham, bounded on the south-east,
south, and south-west by the river Thames, Kensington
canal, &c., and includes Walham-green, Parsons-
green, &c.

At Sun-street, North End, the first fatal attack of
cholera was on July 3rd, the next death August 4th ; the
epidemic continued to increase to the first week of
September; from the 5th to the 12th 20 persons were
deprived of life ; after this date the epidemic declined.
O11 October 6th the last victim was a labourer’s wife,
at Carpenter’s-row, Walham-green. From August
4th to the 10th, a labourer, his wife, and child, were
fatally attacked at 8 Willow-place; at 5 Pond-
place the 2 children of a labourer, in the same house,
died of cholera ; in the Cholera Hospital, on Oc-
tober 3rd, a labourer removed from Parsons-green-

168

Notes on Cholera

lane, in which locality II deaths took place from cho-
lera; also 7 in Willow-place, 6 in Star-lane, 4 in
Peterborough-row, Parsons-green, 3 in Orchard-place,
3 in Sun-street, North End, & c. Amongst the fami-
lies of labourers and gardeners the epidemic was most
fatal. The Registrar, in his returns of cholera, describes
the following localities: —

“On August 13th, at 11 Munden-place, wife of a
labourer, cholera 13 hours. A yard of dirty and ill-
drained cottages.”

“ On August 14th, at Willow-place, wife of a labourer,
cholera 34 hours. These cottages, 21 in number, are
small, dirty, and have no thorough draft ; privies and
cesspools in front.

“ O11 August 20th, at Parsons-green-lane, wife of a
labourer, cholera 12 hours. A row of dirty, ill-drained,
and overcrowded cottages.”

“ On August 27th, at Broomhouse-cottages, a watch-
man at a market gardener’s, cholera 10 hours. A row
of gardeners’ cottages, very near the Thames ; deceased
was a remarkably line man, but had been out of em-
ployment for some time.”

“On August 31st, at 16 Star-lane, labourer, cholera
20 hours. The whole of this neighbourhood is in a
most filthy condition ; no drainage, dwellings unhealthy.
Typhus and small-pox are often prevalent here. The
informant slates that the water that is used here is so
bad, that it is often discoloured, and that the well is
in the immediate vicinity of several cesspools.”

“ On September 5th, at 2 Orchard-place, North
End, widow of a bone-boiler, cholera 12 hours. Cot-
tages very small, neighbourhood dirty for want of
drainage, close to where 2 deaths were recorded in the
previous week."

“ On September 7th, at North End, gardener, aged
52 years, cholera 16 hours. The widow of deceased
states, that a short time ago her husband was employed
with 2 other men in digging in some very offensive
dung at Earl’s-court, and that both the other men have
died since of cholera.”

“ On September nth, at Parson’s-green-lane, wife
of a labourer, cholera 20 hours. The deceased washed
the clothes, and had worn a shawl belonging to a fami-
ly in which 3 deaths had been previously recorded.”

“ On September 13th, at Sun-street, North End,
son of a labourer, cholera 13 hours. Street in a most
deplorable condition, no drainage.”

2; 1. Chei.sea ; South. Pop. 14467. Choi. 102 ;
Diarr.42. — On the south, bounded by the riverThames
from the Kensington canal to the Grand Junction
water-works, on the north by the King’s-road, &c.,
includes Chelsea Hospital, &c.

In the early part of the year 4 deaths from cholera
were recorded in the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, and
one case at 6 Wellington-buildings ; after a lapse
of 4 months, on July 4th, a lighterman died of cholera,
at 4 World’s End-passage, from this time to the end
of the month 15 persons were deprived of life, in the
month of August 41 persons died, in September 37,
in October 3 ; the last on the 6th at 4 Union-place.
15 deaths from cholera and 5 from diarrhoea were
of pensioners in the Royal Hospital, Chelsea ; the
number of pensioners living in the Hospital is about
500. In the Royal Military Asylum, the son of a
soldier died of cholera, on September 13th (contains
about 400 boys from 5 to 15 years of age).

The localities principally infected were — Wink’s-
buildings, George -street, Wilderness - row, World’s
End-passage, Millman-row, Jackson's-place, Church-
street, Wellington-buildings, Evans-place, Duke-street,
Queen-street, Radnor-street, Bol ton-gardens, &c. With
few exceptions the deaths from diarrhoea were in chil-
dren under the age of 2 years, and those advanced in

age beyond 60 ; it was prevalent in July, August, and
September.

2; 2. Chei.sea; North West. Pop. 12638.

Choi. 97; Diarr. 22. — Bounded on the north by the
Fulham-road, on the south by the King’s-road, on
the east by the Marlborough-road, &c. 3 deaths from
cholera occurred in January, and one in the month
of May, at the workhouse, Chelsea. The next case was
recorded on July 6tli, at 18 King-street ; the epidemic
attained its height on September 7II1, on this day 7 per-
sons died, 4 of whom were in the Workhouse ; from this
date the virulence of the disease gradually subsided,
and on October 17th the last fatal case was registered,
at 28 Regent-street; between August 27th and 29th,
2 persons died of cholera, at 2 Little College-street; and
also 2 at 6 Leader-street, on July 27th and 28th. The
following are some of the localities in which cholera
was fatal : — James-place, Wellesley-grove, Keppel-
street, Pond-place, Marlboro’-courf, Camera-street,
Oakham-street, &c. In the Workhouse, Chelsea (the
number of pauper inmates about 450), 25 deaths were
recorded from cholera and 4 from diarrhoea. In the
St. George’s Workhouse, not belonging to this district
although situated therein, the first case was registered
on July 28th, subsequently 7 more occurred of persons
removed from the parish of St. George Hanover-
square (the number of pauper-inmates about 400).
Tbe Registrar describes the following cases. : —

“ On August 13th, a man aged 49 years, cholera 12
hours, at Camera-cottage, Camera-street. Formerly
retailer of coals, of late years living on a small pro-
perty. His wife and one child have also fallen victims
to cholera. The wife was a notorious drunkard, and
her family were living surrounded by dirt and filth of
every description. The cesspool in the yard was over-
flowing, and emitting deleterious smells ; the drain in
front was broken in, and the refuse of the house thrown
into it. Both within and without were in a poisonous
condition. Another son (removed to the workhouse)
recovered from the stage of collapse.”

“On September 3rd, at 17 Pond-terrace, daughter
of a porter, diarrhoea one week, cholera 12 hours. This
place is a narrow court, containing about thirty four-
roomed houses, inhabited by poor but generally clean
persons.”

2; 3. Chei.sea; North East. Pop. 13074. —
Choi. 48 ; Diarr. 28. — This district is bounded on the
south by the King’s-road and Marlboro’-road, extend-
ing from Sloane-square to Knightsbridge, &c.

Cholera appeared in this sub-district on the 22nd
July. A bricklayer died of the disease, in 36 hours,
at 5 Earl-street ; the epidemic was at its maximum on
the 5th September, in which month 33 fatal cases were
recorded, and 4 in October, the last on the 29th, a
servant at No. 2 Lower North-street. A father and
son died of cholera on the 24th August, at 7 Cbarles-
mews ; the following were some of the infected loca-
lities : —

North-street, South-street, Henry-street, Cumber-
land-street, Exeter-street, Milner-slreet, June-street,
&c.

3 only of the 28 deaths from diarrhoea were of
adults.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On the 23rd of August, at 46 North-street, wife of
journeyman coachsmith, aged 48 years, cholera 12
hours. A butcher’s slaughter-house at back of the
premises, in which pigs are kept, producing offensive
smells.”

“On the 5th September, at 3 Henry-street, plasterer,
aged 49 years, cholera 17 hours. His 2 children died
in the same house, on the 3rd.”,

109

in the Sub-Districts of London.

“On the 5th September, at 9 Cumberland-street, son
of livery coachman, cholera 16 heurs. In the same
house, on the 7th September, livery coachman, cholera
8 hours, father of the above.”

“ On the 9th September, at 13 June-street, daughter
of a journeyman butcher, premonitory diarrhoea 3 hours,
cholera 8 hours. Nothing offensive about the premises
until within 7 or 8 days, during which the drains have
been in a state of cleansing; on the 5th and 7th, 2
persons died of cholera in one of the houses.”

“ On the loth September, at 1 Milner-street, son of a
labourer, cholera. A large open sewer runs at the back
of the premises, a receptacle of offal and other offensive
matter, frequently causing most annoying and unwhole-
some effluvia.”

“On the 23rd September, at 4 Bull’s-gardens, la-
bourer, aged 40 years, cholera 6 hours.”

In reference to this case, the following is an extract
from a letter addressed to the. Registrar by the chairman
of the Board of Guardians : —

“ I find another death from cholera has taken place
in Bull’s-gardens, which makes the 12th, at least, from
this disease within the last 2 months — about the 25th
attack of cholera, and, I understand, about the 70th of
diarrhoea, in these gardens and the immediate neigh-
bourhood.”

“ In addition to the pigsties kept by the inhabitants
of the gardens, there is an open main sewer running in
front of them, from which most offensive exhalations
are constantly emanating.”

“ There were 3 deaths (children of the same family)
from cholera at 2 Lower Symon’s-street, described
as a poor and dirty neighbourhood, the house inha-
bited by 5 families (consisting of 15 persons) in 5
rooms, one of which has no chimney. Another person
lies dead of cholera in the same house, and another was
attacked, but recovered. The drains are in a very bad
state, the soil from the privy occasionally overflowing
the yard. A sewer-grating in front of the house is
occasionally so offensive as to oblige the inmates to
close the windows and street-door.”

“ On the 17th September, at 13 June-street, journey-
man cabinet-maker, aged 32 years, cholera 3 days.
Open sewer near the premises, from which noxious
exhalations proceed, to the great annoyance of the
neighbourhood. ”

“Also at No. 13, June-street, on September 17th,
widow of a journeyman butcher, cholera 13 hours.
Her child died of the same disorder on the 9th.”

3 ; 1. St. George, Hanover Square; Hanover
Square. — Pop. 21398. — Choi. 7; Diarr. 14. — This
Registrar’s district lies between Oxford-street, Mount-
street, Conduit-street, Regent-street, and includes the
greater part of Hyde Park.

The mortality from cholera was comparatively low ;
the first fatal case occurred on the 10th August, at 31
Gilbert-street, Oxford-street. On the 10th September,
the last death occurred ; a stableman, aged 49 years,
died of cholera, at a stable in Three Kings’-yard,
Davies-street. North Audley-street, Robert-street, Car-
penter-street, and Norfolk-street, are streets in each of
which a fatal case of cholera was registered.

“ On the 20th August, at 3 Steel’s-courf, Lee’s-mews,
carman, diarrhoea 4 days. Informant states that, there
was constantly a bad smell in the house.”

“ On the 23rd August, at 6 Gilbert-street, Grosvenor-
square, wife of a master butcher, diarrlioea a few hours,
cholera 12 hours; a healthy woman, seized 5 weeks
after delivery, having eaten some plums the day
previously. House well ventilated, neighbourhood
crowded.’’

The Registrar, in his remarks for the quarter
ending 30th September, states, that “ while [Asiatic

cholera has been so destructive in London, the mor-
tality in this district, from that disease and from
diarrlicea, has been so small that the total number of
deaths from all causes is scarcely above the quarterly
average. A few cases were removed out of the district
to the Mount-street Workhouse. To my knowledge, as a
medical practitioner, diarrhoea of an unusually severe
form has been very prevalent.”

In the St. George’s Workhouse, situated in the north-
west part of the parish of Chelsea, 8 deaths from cholera
are recorded, of persons belonging to the parish of St.
George, Hanover-square.

3 ; 2. St. George, Hanover Square; May Fair.
Pop. 15048. — Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 9. — This district lies
to the west of Bond-street, extending to Hyde Park,
between Mount-street and Piccadilly.

On the 28th June, in the Workhouse, Mount-street,
the first case of cholera proved fatal ; subsequently
in this Workhouse 11 persons died of the epidemic;
the last fatal case in this district occurred at the
Workhouse on the 23rd September, the inmates number
about 350; a portion of the deaths in the Workhouse
were of persons belonging to other districts situated
within the parish.

3 ; 3. St. George, Hanover Square; Belyrave.
Pop. 30106. — Clrol. 105 ; Diarr. 46. — This Registrar’s
district is bounded on the south by the river Thames,
from the Grand Junction Water Works to near Yaux-
hall Bridge, extending on the north to Hyde Park
Corner, Albert Gate, Kniglitsbridge, &c.

A considerable increase of mortality arose from the
prevalence of cholera in the months of July, August,
and September, when 16, 34, and 46 deaths were re-
gistered. A few isolated cases occurred in the early
part of the year ; the epidemic then commenced on the
6th July, and continued to the 9th October, when the
last death from cholera occurred in St. George’s Hos-
pital ; in this Hospital there were several deaths
from cholera, of persons removed from localities not
within this district; during the first 12 days of Sep-
tember the cholera epidemic was at its height. On
the 1st August, a labourer and his daughter died at 3
Hanover-place, Thames Bank ; a son of the above, aged
5 years, on the same day died of cholera In St.
George’s Plospital, and at 4 Eaton-cottages 2 deaths
from cholera occurred on the 9th September. In the
following localities the epidemic proved fatal : — Coles-
hill-street, Erin-place, Hendon-street, Passmore-street,
Allington-street, Gillingham-street, Eccleston-street
East Eccleston-street South, Westbourne-street, Bel-
grave-street South, Warwick -street, Grosvenor-row,
Ranelagh-road, St. George’ s-place, St. George’s-terrace,
&c. In St. George’s Hospital 15 deaths were recorded
from cholera ; the indoor patients number about
300. On the 26th July, a Hospital nurse, aged 56
years, died of cholera in the Hospital. The follow-
ing cases are selected from the Registrar’s cholera
reports : —

“ On the 24th July, at 1 Flask-lane, labourer, aged
34 years, cholera 24 hours. This man had been without
work for nearly 12 months, and had been before his
attack employed in emptying some soil barges ; he
was much afraid of the cholera.”

“ On the 16th August, at 1 Allington-street, wife of
a soldier, aged 45 years, had diarrhoea 2 weeks ago,
cholera 12 hours. The husband of deceased stated
that the smells in this house were very bad ; the land-
lord, to add to the evils, had emptied a cesspool into a
hole in the yard. A person died of cholera a short time
since in same house. The Registrar states that the
pumping of the contents of cesspools into the sewers,
thereby stinking a whole district, and the unvaulted
main sewers, are the adjuvants at all seasons to fevers.

Notes on Cholera

170

&c., besides frequent accidents by children and grown
persons falling into them.”

“On the 27th August, at 2 Eccleston-street East,
wife of bootmaker, aged 48 years, cholera 17 hours.
This person nursed an elderly lady who died of cholera
in this district on the 26th July ; she complained of not
having felt well since.”

“ On the 3rd September, at a cottage, Commercial-
road South, Pimlico, horsekeeper, aged 3 7 years, cholera
16 hours. This cottage is situate in an omnibus yard,
close to the main open sewer, and near waste ground
that is the receptacle of much filth.”

“ Wife of the above, residing in the same cottage,
died in St. George’s Hospital on the 8th September :
they lived on the worst and cheapest kind of food and
in the filthiest mode.”

4; 1. Westminster; St. John. Pop. 26223.

Choi. 212; Diarr. 60. — This district includes the
parish of St. John the Evangelist, between Rochester-
row and the Thames, extending from the Houses of
Parliament to a short distance beyond Vauxhall
Bridge. During the year, 1 10 males and 102 females
were deprived of life by cholera, which prevailed in
this district with considerable severity, commencing in
June, on the 2nd ; by the end of the month 13 persons
died; in July, 36 ; in August, 86 ; in September, 68;
in October, 2 ; and in November, one ; the last on the
10th. In the last week of August, and the first 7
days in September, 80 deaths from cholera were re-
corded, chiefly of mechanics, labourers, and their
families, residing in Regent-street, Douglas-street,
Chapter-street, Causton-cottages, Dorset-street, Lower
Garden-street, Emery-cottages, Edward-street, Duck-
lane, Rochester-row, &c. The epidemic in this district
attained its maximum in the last 5 days of August;
on the 27 th and 28th respectively, 12 deaths from
cholera were registered ; from the commencement of
the attack to the termination of life, in the majority
of cases, a few hours intervened. In the months of
July, August, and September, the deaths from all
causes exceeded the births by J70; in this period
190 deaths arose from cholera, and 221 from all
other diseases. In the Millbank Prison 41 deaths
took place from cholera, 20 cases proved fatal from
the 2 1st June, to the 17th July: the number of
prisoners about 1100. In the Grenadier Guards
Hospital, Rochester-row, 4 deaths from cholera and
one from diarrhoea are recorded; the patients in the
Hospital number about 80. In the Coldstream Guards
Hospital, Vincent-square, 3 deaths from cholera are
recorded ; the number in this Hospital is about 50.
In the Scots Fusilier Guards Hospital, Lillington-
street, 4 deaths from cholera are recorded ; the pa-
tients in this Hospital number about 65. The an-
nexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s re-
ports : —

“ On the 23rd January, at No. 27 Rochester-streef,
stoker at a gas works, aged 45 years, spasmodic cholera
7 hours. This man laboured under severe diarrhoea
during the night preceding the attack ; the next day
while engaged at his work he was stripped to the skin,
and exposed to extremes of temperature."

“On the nth August, at 3 Vincent-square, sur-
geon, aged 76 years, cholera 16 hours. Was attacked
after visiting 2 cases of cholera he had under treat-
ment.”

“Ou the 13 th August, at 1 21 Regent-street, wife of
labourer, 9 months advanced in pregnancy, cholera
14 hours. Ca;sarean operation was performed imme-
diately after death, but the foetus was dead. Another
death from cholera occurred in this house.”

“ On the 20th August, at 72 Regent-street, on the
same day, in the same house, the 3 children of a

labourer died of cholera, which makes 6 that have
occurred in this house, all being children.”

“On the 22nd August, at 6 Rochester-terrace,
Rochester-row, army pensioner, aged 5 1 years, cholera
3 days. This man was attacked the second day after
attending upon and laying out a brother pensioner, who
died at No. 2 in the same terrace. He was previously
in good health.”

“ On the 27th August, at 14 Dorset-street, son of a
stonemason, cholera 8 hours. In this house one man
had lost all his family, viz., his wife and 2 children ;
and another person lost one child. The house consists
of 6 rooms, not by any means in a confined situation ;
it appears cleanly and well supplied with water, but
the occupier says there are 2 gratings in the yard
from which stench arises, and the drain which carries
oil' the soil from the privy in the yard runs under the
house and is defective.”

“ On the 28th August, at 15 Douglas-street, labourer,
cholera 24 hours. Of the 14 deaths which occurred in
Douglas-street, 11 took place on the south or lower
side. The houses consist either of 3 or 4 rooms, but
are situated so low that for the most part there is a
descent of one or 2 steps from the foot pavement to the
entrance passage. The drainage is extremely defective,
and several of the occupants complain of the nuisance
from the laundresses throwing their dirty soapsuds into
the street, leaving continually black stagnant puddles
along the gutter in front of these houses, even in the
driest weather.”

“On the 2nd September, at 5 Lower Garden-street,
widow of a general dealer, aged 41 years, cholera 17
hours. Cholera in this case is said to have been in-
duced by fear, her husband died from the same cause 2
days previously ; both were in perfect health before the
attack.”

“ On the 2nd September, at 5 Williams’-place,
Great Tufton-street, a girl, aged 3 years, diarrhoea 14
hours, cholera 9 hours.”

“ In the same house, on the 4th September, widow of
a smith, cholera with congestive fever, whole duration
5 days,

“ On the 9th September, at 1 Upper Garden-street,
son of a labourer, cholera 5 days. The parents, with 6
children, were living in a kitchen. One child died
in the previous week, and other children of the same
parents were attacked.

“ O11 the 14th September, at 8 Hugh-place, Vincent-
street, a wheelwright, aged 49 years, cholera with con-
secutive fever 5 days. Second death from cholera in
this house.”

“ O11 the 19th September, at 94 Regent-street,
spinster, aged 23 years, cholera with consecutive fever
18 days; the third death from the same cause in this
house during 3 weeks.”

“ On the 22nd September, at 7 Lower Garden-street,
porter, aged 30 years, cholera 15 hours. The sanitary
condition of this street is truly wretched ; it is situated
extremely low, with inefficient drainage, the houses old
and ill-cleansed, and many deaths from cholera have
taken place in it.

4; 2. Westminster;®. Margaret. Pop. 30489.
Choi. 225 ; Diarr. 52. — The eastern part of this district
is bounded by the river Thames, including the Houses
of Parliament to Whitehall, and includes the west part
of St. James's Park, & c. The lossof life from cholera
was severely felt in this parish, commencing on the
14th June, and continuing to the 13th October;
after this time the epidemic ceased. On the 27th
August the greatest mortality occurred, and con-
tinued to prevail to the 23rd September before any
great decline was perceptible: thus in the month
of June, )7 persons perished from cholera; in July,

in the Sub-Districts of L yn.

38; in August 83; in September, 89; and in Octo-
ber, 6.

Diarrhoea prevailed, and proved fatal to 26 males
and 26 females ; the one-half were children under 5
years of age.

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fem.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

36

24

60

1 5 years to 60 .

74

68

142

60 years and upwards .

1 1

12

23

Total ...

12 1

IO4

225

In the Sick House, York-street, established for the
reception of persons attacked with cholera, the first
fatal case occurred on the 21st July, subsequently, by
the 1st October, 69 more were registered. In the
Workhouse, Dean-street, 14. deaths from cholera oc-
curred, and 9 from diarrhoea ; the number of pauper
inmates about 550. In the Westminster Hospital,
at the Broad Sanctuary, 3 7 deaths from cholera and
3 from diarrhoea are recorded (the indoor patients
number about 150). Owing to the above 3 insti-
tutions, the number of deaths from cholera is un-
duly augmented, arising from the removal of persons
after attacked by cholera into those institutions,
from localities not within this district. In the
House of Correction, Tothill-fields, 13 deaths from
cholera and one from diarrhoea are recorded (the
number of prisoners range about 700); and in Hyde
Park Barracks, Knightsbridge, 7 deaths from cholera
are also recorded ; the regiment was removed from
this Barracks during the height of the epidemic. At
21 York-street, in one day, the 20th September, the 2
children of a soldier died of cholera, in 24 and 13
hours after the attack. The working classes and their
families were the greatest sufferers from the epidemic,
resident in Tothill-street, Gardener’ s-row, King-street;
Willow-street, Smith’s-place, York-street, Providence-
low, Palmer’s Village, York-street, &c. A remark-
able fatality was observed in those localities in which
there existed surface drainage, overcrowded dwell-
ings, insufficient supply of water, and obstructed venti-
lation.

5 ; 1. St.Maktin-in-the-Fields; Charing Cross.
Pop. 13299. — Choi. 60 ; Diarr. 15. — The south-east
portion of this district is bounded by the river Thames
from Whitehall to the Adelphi, and includes the
Green Park and part of St. James’s Park. Cholera
appeared in Charing Crosss Hospital, on the 6th July,
subsequently in this Hospital 18 deaths were recorded
and 2 from diarrhoea (the average indoor patients are
about 100) ; a prior case of cholera was registered in
the Workhouse on the 7th April. In the month of
July 7 persons fell victims to the epidemic; in August,
22; in September, 24; in October, 5 ; in November,
one; the last case on the 19th, a coach-lace maker,
aged 20 years, at Charing Cross Hospital. In the
Workhouse, 20 deaths from cholera were recorded and
one from diarrhoea, the inmates number about 650; a
portion of these deaths were of persons removed into the
Workhouse from the Registrar’s district of Long Acre.
In the following localities the inhabitants suffered
from cholera and diarrhoea, viz.,' — - Villiers-street,
Duke-street, Charles-street, Lowther Arcade, &c.,
&c.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Registrar's
reports : —

171

“ On the 1 2th August, at 15 Buckingham-street, a
solicitor, aged 56 years, cholera 4 days. Street leading
to river Thames ; enormous accumulation of mud at
end of street, with vegetation on it, uncovered by tide
twice every 24 hours.”

“ On the 6th September, at the Police-station,
Northumberland-street, a police constable, aged 28
years, cholera 48 hours. This station has the whole
sewerage of Tottenham Court-road passing in front of
it, a grating close to front door, and at the time of
inspection the tide had flooded the kitchen floor with
very foul water from the sewer. The sewer debouches
into the Thames about 60 yards S.E. of the station.”

“ In the Workhouse, jon the 6th September, from No.
8 Eagle-court, the wife of a labourer, cholera 26 hours.
From the same room, in 1840, were removed the bodies
of a grandfather and grandmother, the daughter, and
2 grandchildren, who died of typhus.

“ On the 8th September, at 9 Duke-stieet, Adelphi,
a gentleman, aged 67 years, cholera 17 hours. This
street, as well as Villiers-street, may be affected by the
mud bank off York-buildings and the sewer from
Tottenham Court-road, emptying at the Charing Cross
Suspension Bridge.”

“ In the Workhouse, on the 8th September, a hawker
of fruit, aged 70 years, cholera 48 hours. Taken from
an underground kitchen, at 9 Bedfordbury. Stood at
a stall in a street near a sewer grating.”

“On the r 5 th of September, at 19 Northumberland-
street, the wii'e of a builder, aged 47 years, cholera 15
hours. House in good order, open at back to garden of
Northumberland-house. The Tottenham Court-road
and Charlotte-street sewers pass in front of the house into
the Thames about 60 yards south-east.”

“ On the 22nd September, at 1 Lowther Arcade, a
perfumer, aged 59 years, diarrhoea 2 days, cholera 16
hours. The deceased only survived his wife (who
died of cholera in die same house) 6 days. The house
in good condition, the drainage of the best kind.”

5 ; 2. St. Martin-in-the-Fields; Long Acre. —
Pop. 11792. — Choi. 31; Diarr. 12. — First fatal case
of cholera occurred on May 10th, at 13 Cecil-court ;
the next on July 21st, in Wilson-street. By the end
of this month 3 deaths were registered ; in August 14 ;
in September 1 1 ; in October 2. The last fatal case
was recorded on the 21st, at Brewhouse-court ; the
other places affected by the epidemic were Crown-street,
Crown-court, Russell-court, Drury-lane, Mercer-street,
Bedfordbury, Long Acre, Castle-street, &c.

6; 1. St. James, Westminster; Berwick Street.
Pop. 10449. — Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 23. — This district
extends from Oxford-street on the north to Co-
ventry-sfreet on the south. On July 1 8th a case of
cholera proved fatal at 1 Arcbers-court ; 2 other

deaths occurred in this month; in August 6. An in-
crease took place in September, viz,, 10 deaths; the last
death on the 23rd of this month, at Pulteney-court.
Diarrhoea proved most fatal in the month of July.
Peter-street, Queen’s Head-court, Pulteney-place, Pcter-
street, Rupert-street, Noel-street, Richmond-street, &c.,
are some of the neighbourhoods in which cholera proved
fatal. The following notes are extracted from the
Registrar’s reports : —

“On July 20th, at 4 Hopkins-street, a cabman,
aged 56 years, died of cholera, 44 hours. This death
took place at a common lodging-house, consisting of 5
sleeping rooms, and containing 24 beds ; there are
7 beds in one room, and C in another. The deceased
was a night cabman, and came in on Wednesday
morning about 6 o’clock, drunk. He was of intem-
perate habits.”

“ On August 20th, at 5 Queen’s Head-court, umbrella
maker, aged 26, cholera 14 hours. A very temperate

Notes on Cholera

172

man, of weak constitution. In a coal vault, and at the
back of the house, was a large accumulation of oyster-
shells and refuse of the same kind, the smell of which
was very offensive, they were removed some days be-
fore the attack.”

“ On September 4th, at 26 Peter-street, son of a la-
bourer (deceased), cholera 24 hours. This child was
interred on the same day with its father, who died of
cholera a few days before in the hospital. Peter-street
is considered very unfavourable to health ; mostly in-
habited by the lowest description of Irish.”

“ On September 2rst, at 5 Queen’s Head-court, coach-
maker, aged 58 years, cholera 15 hours. The deceased
was a very temperate man ; he removed from No. 7
Archer-street in good and perfect health on the day
before his death. The house, No. 5 Queen’s Head-
court, not only abuts on the back yards of 2 or 3 of the
houses in Little Pulteney-street, but has the wall of an
old cesspool projecting several feet into the back
kitchen. The brickwork is not only damp, but very
often quite wet, and frequently emits a most intolerable
stench to the lower parts of the house.”

“On September 23rd, at 2 Pulteney-court, son of a
house-painter, cholera 3 days. Pulteney court is most
unfavourable to health, the sewers passing under the
houses.”

6 ; 2. St. James’s, Westminster; St. James's
Square. Pop. 13337. — Choi. 15 ; Diarr. 5. — This
district comprises the southern part of the parish of
St. James, Westminster, bounded by the Green Park
and St. James’s Park, with the Haymarket on the
east, continuing south from Vigo and Brewer streets.

The mortality from cholera in this Registrar’s dis-
trict was comparatively slight ; the first fatal attack
occurred August 10th, at 41 Jermyn-street, a phy-
sician, aged 50 years, died in 10 hours; and by Sep-
tember 23rd this disease ceased to be fatal: the last
death was in Great Windmill-street. In Angel-court,
King-street, 4 deaths from cholera are recorded of a very
malignant character ; 2 other cases proved fatal in the
Workhouse to persons removed from this court; 3 fatal
attacks commenced at No. 6. The following notes are
from 'he Registrar’s returns of cholera, &c. : —

“On August 2 1 st, at 7 Little St. James-street, son
of a tailor, aged 20 years, cholera. Situation not con-
sidered unfavourable to health. Attack brought on
from excess in eating cherries in brandy, which pro-
duced vomiting.”

( “ On August 22nd, at 16 Ham-yard, Great Windmill-
street, son of a tailor, aged 16 years, cholera. Bad lo-
cality, surrounded by cow-sheds, stables, and dung-
heaps ; bad smells from drain gullies. Deceased was
attacked with bowel complaint and recovered; after
recovery, indulged in eating oysters and eels sold in
the street, and relapsed.”

“O11 August 25th, at 9 Smith's-court, Great Wind-
mill-street, daughter of a labourer, aged 5 years, cholera
24 hours, fever 5 days. Bad locality. Neither in
this or the adjoining house is there any privy or closet ;
the inmates throw the excrement into the slreet.”

6; 3. St. James’s, Westminster; Golden Square.
Pop. 13612. — Choi. 23; Diarr. 12. — This district is
bounded on the north by Oxford-street, on the west
by part of Regent-street, Conduit-street, and New
Bond-street, on the east by Poland-street, &c., and on
the south by Vigo and Brewer streets.

On the 18th May, cholera fatally attacked a milliner
residing in Regent-street; the next case occurred 5th
July; by the end of the month, 3 deaths were re-
corded ; in August 6 ; in September 12 ; after a lapse
of 2 months, a solitary case occurred which proved
fatal at Great Pulteney-street, on the 13th December,
to a fringe-maker’s wife, aged 70 years ; 10 deaths from

cholera occurred in the Workhouse, situated in Poland-
street, several of whom belonged to other parts of the
parish ; the number of pauper inmates is about 600.
Marshal -street, South-row, Carnaby-street, Little Wind-
mill-street, Little Marlborough-street, are amongst the
infected localities of this district.

On the 5 th July, at 10 Cross-street, Carnaby-street,
a female, aged 38 years, “ cholera, accelerated by bad
drainage, 14 hours ” (inquest). The Registrar states
that “ deceased was in good health previous to the
attack. A full cesspool, which communicates with
the drain, became overcharged, and was opened for
the purpose of being cleansed at the time deceased
was attacked, which circumstance is supposed to have
accelerated her death. Her husband was likewise
attacked.

On the 10th August, in Saint James’s Workhouse,
a servant, aged 30 years, cholera 26 hours. The
Registrar states that “she left the Workhouse well on
the previous Monday, to nurse a cholera patient who
died on the following morning, in Archer-street ; next
day she washed linen used by deceased, and returned
to Workhouse the same evening; attacked the following
morning with cholera.”

On the 31st August, at 33 Little Windmill-street,
widow of a porter, aged 53 years, cholera 14 hours,
suffering many years from diarrhoea. Informant and
medical attendant says the stench from the cesspool,
drain, and dust-hole is most offensive, and was a
powerful incentive to this death.

London. — North Districts.

Middlesex (Part of).

7; x. Marylebone; All Souls. Pop. 27003. —
Choi. 71 : Diarr. 38.

This Registrar’s district is bounded on the west by
Portland-place and part of Regent-street ; on the south
by Oxford-street, continuing east to Tottenham Court-
road ; on the north by the New-road,'; and on the east
by Cleveland-street, &c.

A fatal case of cholera took place on June 9th, in
Ogle-square. The epidemic prevailed till September
24th, on which day the last 2 deaths occurred, one in
Newman-street and the other in Middlesex Hospital,
where previously 29 deaths from cholera were regis-
tered, and one from diarrhoea. In the following
localities the epidemic was prevalent, viz. —

Upper Chari ton-street,
Ogle-mews, Foley-street,
Cambridge-court, Cleve-
land-street,

The subjoined notes,

Norton-street,
Cleveland-street,
Castle-street East,
Carburton-street, &c.

&c., are selected from the

Registrar's reports : —

“ On August 1 7th, at 12 Saville-street, wife of a carter,
aged 34 years, cholera 12J hours; blue stage com-
menced 7) hours before death. A very noxious street,
densely populated and badly drained.”

“ On August 28th, at 2 2 Union-street, wife of a turner,
aged 42 years, cholera 30 hours. A densely-popu-
lated, dirty, and unhealthy street, occupied exclusively
by the poorer classes. Intemperance and uncleanliness
prevails.”

“ In the same house, on September 1st, wife of
tailor, aged 32 years, cholera 24 hours ; another female
was attacked, but recovered. On the same day the
daughter of the turner above, 15 years of age, was
attacked with cholera, and removed to the Marylebone
Infirmary. This is the fourth case of cholera (during
5 days) which occurred in this house, and 2 have

m the Sub-Districts of London.

173

proved fatal. Many of the houses are hotbeds for
cholera and all epidemics.”

S' “On September 7th, from 31 Cleveland-street,
painter, aged 33 years, cholera 20 hours. Street
neglected and dirty ; vegetable and varied refuse cast
from the greengrocers’ and other shops being allowed
to remain for many days. In this parish the state of
Upper Rathbone-place, Union-street, part of Wells-
street, Ogle-street, Saville-street, Charlton-street, and
the whole ot Cleveland-street, requires strict investiga-
tion.”

7 ; 2. Marylebone; Cavendish Square. Pop.
15192. — Choi. 16; Diarr. 8.

Bounded on the east by Portland-place and part of
Regent-street ; on the south by Oxford-street, continuing
west to Marylebone-lane, extending north to the New-
road ; and on the west by High-street, &c.

First death from cholera July 18th, the last on
October 2nd. The epidemic was prevalent in the
subjoined localities —

Great and Little Chester-
field-street,

Marylebone-court and
lane,

Mill Hill-place,
Bowling-street,

Little Welbeck-street,
Queen Arm-street, &c.

7; 3. Marylebone; The Rectory. Pop. 26714. —
Choi. 91 ; Diarr. 47.

Bounded on the east by High-street and Maryle-
bone-lane; on the south by Oxford-street, continuing
west to Portman-street, north by the New-road; and on
the west by Gloucester-street, &c.

After 1 1 fatal cases of diarrhcea, cholera made its
appearance July 2nd, in Northumberland-street, and
continued to November 16th. Between July 7th and
October 12th, 71 persons died of cholera in Marylebone
Workhouse ; the inmates number about 1700.

July

13

Men

20

Aug. Sept.

25 30

Women

45

Oct.

3

Children

6

Of this number 13 rvere recorded as washerwomen
and charwomen, and 2 were described as nurses.

n persons died of diarrhcea in Marylebone Work-
house, the greater proportion before cholera made it3
appearance on July 7th. The Workhouse deaths in-
clude those persons removed from all parts of the
parish, after attacked by the epidemic, thereby causing
an undue preponderance of mortality for this district.
The following localities chiefly suffered —
Orchard-place, Gray's-buildings,

East-street, Blandford-mews,

York-court, Great York-mews,

Gray-street, &c.

7; 4. Marylebone; St. Mary. Pop. 21988.
— Choi. 18; Diarr. 40.

This district is situated between the Edgeware-road
and Gloucester-street, bounded on the south by Ox-
ford-street, and on the north by the New-road ; South-
ampton-street, &c., forming the western part of the
Parish.

First death from cholera June 24th, the last on
December 9th ; cholera and diarrhoea prevailed in —
Horace-street, Craw ford-street,

Salisbury-place, Virgil-place,

Walmer-place, Tooting-court,

7; 5. Marylebone; Christchurch. Pop 28911.
— Choi. 34; Diarr. 57.

Bounded on the west by the Edgeware-road from
Southampton-street ; on the south to New Church-
street; on the north continuing on the Alpha-road, and
includes the Regent’s Park, excepting the north-east
part ; bounded on the south by the north side of the

New-road, from the Edgeware-road to Osnaburgh-
street, &c.

A death took place from cholera May 15th, another
June 19th ; the last fatal case on November 15th.

The following places sull’cred from the epidemic,
viz. —

Bell-street,

Earl-street,

Little James-street.

Pop. 18356. —

Lisson Grove, North,

Exeter-street,

Hereford-street,

7 ; 6. Marylebone ; St. John.

Choi. 3 1 ; Diarr. 39.

Bounded on the south by New Church-street, Alpha-
road, and the Regent’s Park ; on the west by the
Edgeware-road, continuing north to Greville-place,
extending east to Primrose-hill, &c.

First fatal case of cholera June 30th, last case Sep-
tember 27th. The epidemic prevailed in —
Salisbury-street, I High-street,

Luton-street, | Richmond -street, &c.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar's
reports : —

“On June 30th, at 11 Portland-terrace, St.John's
Wood, a male, aged 60 years, cholera 3 days. The de-
ceased, according to his medical attendant, caught the
infection at his house on Ludgate-hill, in consequence
of impure air, which issued from a public privy at the
back of the premises. It is stated that 4 persons have
since died there from the same cause.”

“ On August 18th, at 53 Richmond-street, a laun-
dress, aged 62 years, cholera 36 hours. The informant
attributes this case to the deceased having washed the
linen of a cholera patient.”

“ On September 1st, at A venue-road, wife of a coach-
man, aged 38 years, diarrhoea 3 days, cholera 18
hours. Street good; lived over the stables. Washed
the linen of her master, who died of cholera on August
27 th.”

“On September 5th, at 12 Aim Houses, widow of
grocer, aged 66 years, cholera 14 hours. Attended
upon and washed the linen of a person who died of
cholera in the same house, on September 1st.”.

“ On September nth, at 1 Marlborough-road, female
servant, aged 35 years, cholera 54 hours. Attended
upon her master, who died of cholera at the same
place on the 9th instant.”

8 ; 1. Hampstead ; Hampstead. Pop. 10093. —
Choi. 9 ; Diarr. ir.

Includes the entire parish of St. John Hampstead,
situated north of the Regent’s Park.

On July 30th, a female aged 35 years died of
cholera; between this date and September 4II1, 9
persons fell victims to the epidemic.

The Registrar refers to the following cases : —

“ On August 9th, at the Heath, Wesleyan preacher,
aged_6i years, cholera 8 hours; came to Hampstead
with a friend the morning preceding for a change of
air. It appears that the deceased had left his home,
Albion-lerrace, Wandsworth-road, having lost his wife
the day before, his mother and 2 servants within 2 or
3 days, in the same house, all from cholera.”

“O11 August 27th, at Flask walk, wife of labourer,
aged 46 years, cholera 16 hours. Had been attending
a youth who was attacked with cholera some days
ago.”

“On August 22nd, at Church-lane, wife of wheel-
wright, aged 48 years, cholera. Had been attending
a family attacked by cholera (inquest p.m.').”

9; 1. Pancras; Regent's Park. Pop. 26488,—
Choi. 64 ; Diarr. 39.

Bounded on the south by the New-road, extending
east from Osnaburgh-street to Tottenham Court-road ;
on the north by Pancras-vale to Primrose-hill; on the

Notes on Cholera

174

east by the Hampstead-road, and on the west
includes the east part of the Regent’s Park.

The first death assigned to cholera occurred May isf,
at 3 Prince of Wales-court, Frederick-place; the second,
on June 17th, in Osnahurgh-street ; and others on
July 22nd, 25th, &c. ; and from August 21st fo Sep-
tember 7th, both inclusive, 44 deaths were referred to
cholera. On August 28th the greatest mortality hap-
pened ; on this day, 6 persons were deprived of life by
the epidemic, which was severely felt in the following
streets, &c., viz. —

Henry-street,
Grove-street,
Cumberland-markef,
Cumberland-street, West,

High-street, Camden-town,

Stanhope-street,

Edward-street,

Eden-street, &c.

At the Cavalry Barracks in Alban y-street, 3 soldiers
died from cholera.

The annexed two cases, and notes, are selected from
the Registrar’s reports : —

“ On August 7th, at 5 Black-cap -yard, High-street,
son of labourer, aged 5 months, cholera 60 hours.
Black-cap-yard, entrance from 91 High-street, Cam-
den-town, has several small tenements, densely po-
pulated, with no outlet, and bad ventilation. The
drainage very imperfect, and runs into an open ditch,
partially uncovered, which emits a foul effluvia of the
most noxious character, more especially at this season
of the year.”

“On September 4th, at 17 Edward-street, wife of
porter, aged 30 years, cholera 2 days, professionally
attended only a few hours previous to her death. This
house is opposite a wharf, which is the deposit for all
kinds of manure, decomposed vegetable matter, and
refuse of the worst description, exhaling the most
obnoxious effluvium, and which is much complained of
by the inhabitants.”

9; 2. Pancras; Tottenham Court. Pop. 26800.
— Choi. 60; Uiarr. 35.

This Registrar’s district is situated south of the New-
road, from Cleveland-slreet to Burton-crescent ;
bounded on the south by Tavistock-place, Francis-
streef, &c. ; continuing south, on the east side of Tot-
tenham Court-road, to Oxford-street, &c.

The cholera epidemic was fatal to 2 persons in Jan-
uary, one in February, and 2 in March. Ten weeks
then intervened, when cholera appeared in Charlotte-
street, June nth ; next case July 21st. In this month,
6 deaths ; August 25, September 21, and October 2,
which occurred on the 2nd, the one in John-street, and
the other in Upper Tottenham-place.

In the University College Hospital, 31 persons died
of cholera — the number of patients about no, and
in the Strand Union Workhouse, one from diarrhoea.
The epidemic was also fatal in —

Upper Cleveland-street, I Market-street,

Little Gower-place, | Gresse-street and place,

Stephen-street, | &c. &c.

During the months of July, August, and September,
the deaths from all causes were 80 in excess of the
births.

The following cases and notes, are selected from the
Registrar’s reports : —

The 2 following cases occurred in University College
Hospital : —

“On August nth, male, aged 40, bedstead-maker,
cholera (inquest). Brought from 5 ^ Little Pancrus-
street.”

“On August 13th, female, aged 32, wife of ostler,
cholera 36 hours. Brought from 5^ Little Pancras-
street. The house from which these 2 persons were
brought is very small and contains 49 persons ; the wife
of the male and 2 children were in the Hospital suf-

fering from cholera. The house was in a most filthy
and neglected state, the drainage bad, and a cow-shed
very near to it.”

“On August 27th, at 21 Tottenham Court-road
coffee-house keeper, aged 49 years, cholera 10 hours.
Drainage very bad, a slaughter-house adjoining, and a
tallow-melter’s in the rear.”

“ On August 29th, at 8 Gresse-street, wife of
labourer, aged 45 years, cholera 1 2 hours. This house
was overcrowded, the drains very bad ; 3 other persons
from same place have died during the week at Mid-
dlesex Hospital. Each room let to weekly tenants.”

The 3 following cases occurred in University Col-
lege Hospital : —

“ Widow, aged 52 years, nurse, diarrhoea 5; hours,
cholera 24 hours, September 12th. From Grafton-
street. This nurse had been attending her sister who
had died of cholera.”

“Widow, aged 33 years, charwoman, diarrhoea 24
hours, cholera 3 days 8 hours, ‘post mort.’ September
17th. From 10 York-buildings, Somers-town. This
woman had been nursing a man with cholera at the
time she had diarrhoea.”

“ Wife of beadle, aged 62 years, diarrhoea 4 days,
cholera 36 hours, ‘post mort.’ From 21 Little Gower-
place. Several cases of cholera have occurred in this
ill-ventilated place, the houses being immedietely
behind those in Gower-place, and having immediately
in front of them a high wall, the boundary of the
University College, against which the inhabitants are
permitted to throw potato skins, pea and bean shells,
and other refuse. The air is shut out at both ends, the
inlet and outlet being each formed by a kind of gate-
way from Gower-place. The house surgeon at the
hospital states that, from the filthy condition of the
place, the cases of fever which come under his notice
from that locality are numerous.

“ On September 16th, at 3 Pancras-street, green-
grocer, aged 29 years, cholera r4 hours. House badly
drained and ventilated; abutting on a cow-yard, the
smell of which is very offensive, close to New Inn-
yard ; a place occupied chiefly by costermongers, and
where there is allowed to accumulate quantities of stale
greens, stale fruit, tainted meat, and unsaleable fish.”

29 fatal cases occurred in University College Hos-
pital (the majority brought in from places out of the
district). In the Strand Union workhouse there has not
been a single case of cholera.

9; 3. Pancras; Gray’s Inn Lane. Pop. 22149.
— Choi. 104; Diarr. 34. — Bounded on the north by
the New-road, on the east by Hamilton-place, Lower-
road ; on the south includes Guildford-street, on the
west Burton-crescent, &c.

Seven deaths from cholera in the month of January,
took place in the Royal Free Hospital — the inmates
number about 50; subsequently to October 1st, in
this hospital, 53 more died from this epidemic, and
one from diarrhoea. On June 27th, a fatal case oc-
curred in Hunter-street, next on July 23th, then
the 27th, 29th, &c. ; in August 41 persons were de-
prived of life, principally between the 17th and 31st;
in September 47, chiefly between the 4th and 13th ;
after the 23rd the epidemic considerably declined; in
October 2 deaths, the last from cholera November 2nd,
in Claremont-place, a gentleman aged 20 years, sur-
vived the attack 24 hours. By excluding the fatal
cases of cholera in the Royal Free Hospital, the number
belonging to all other parts of this district is 44. In
the 3 months of July, August, and September, 9t
deaths were assigned to cholera, and but 12 r to all
other causes of death ; and in this period the births
were 166, deaths 212. Cholera prevailed with great
severity in the subjoined localities, viz. —

in the Suh- Districts of London.

175

Judd-street,

George-street,

Chads-place,

Wood-street,

James-street,
Hastings-street,
Cromer-street,
Cooper’s-buildings, &c.

The following cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s reports: —

“In the Royal Free Hospital, January 6th, a boy
aged 6 years, Asiatic cholera 14 hours ; a girl aged
9 years, Asiatic cholera xo hours. The above 2 cases
are those of pauper children in Holborn Union, brought
from Drouet’s school at Tooting.”

“ On August 22nd, at 15 Britannia-street, the wife
of a labourer, aged 45 years, cholera 4 days. The street
is overcrowded and ill cleansed. Three other persons
were attacked with the same malady in this house.”

“ On August 27th, at 17 Wood-street, the wife of an
engineer, aged 19 years, cholera 18 hours. The street
is very dirty and crowded, and occasionally the stench
from the drains is almost intolerable.”

“ On September 22nd, at 2 Cooper’s-buildings, the
wife of a dealer, aged 65 years, cholera 3 days. Situa-
tion confined, dirty, and unwholesome. Several persons
in this place have been attacked with cholera. One
died on the 3rd instant.”

9; 4. Pancras; Somers Town. Pop. 28910.

Choi. 53 ; Diarr. 51.

Situated east of the Hampstead-road ; bounded on the
north by Fig-lane, on the south by the New-road, and
on the east by Brewer-street, Skinner-street, &c.

The first fatal case of cholera was recorded June 18th,
in Seymour-street ; the next followed on July 13th,
then the r6th, 20th, &c. ; in August 26 deaths, in
September 16, and in October 2, the last on the 9th ;
principally fatal in the annexed localities, viz. —

Skinner-street,
Drummond- crescent and
mews,

Seymour-street, and row,
Ossulston-street,

Sidney-street,
Hampden-street,
Melton-street,
Charrington-street, &c.

Diarrhoea prevailed with great severity in the months
of July, August, and September; the deaths from this
disease respectively were 14, 11, and 12 ; the far greater
number were of children under the age of 5 years.

The following notes are selected from the Registrar’s
report : —

“On August 30th, at 23 Melton-street, wife of
market gardener, aged 64 years, cholera 7 days. Drain-
age, &c., good: deceased, who was from the country,
came up to attend a sister at the same house, who
died of the same disease, after 3 days’ illness, on the
20th August, and kissed her sister just before the
funeral. She was in perfect health when she came to
London.”

“ On September 12th, at 58 Middlesex-street, daugh-
ter of drover, aged 9 years, cholera 3 days. No com-
plaint as to drainage or otherwise. Deceased’s father
died at 25 Weston-street, on the 8th instant, of cholera,
after a few hours’ illness ; and on the 9th instant, de-
ceased (who was removed from the house in Weston-
street on the previous evening) was taken ill.”

“ On October 2nd, at 3 Seymour-row, wife of general
dealer, aged 64 years, cholera 36 hours. Mostly
stables, occupied by cabmen, carmen, sweeps, and
dealers in fish and vegetables. Deceased resided with
her husband in a room over a place formerly used as
stables, but now occupied by a dealer in wood. No
place of convenience on the premises. There had pre-
viously been a death at No. 4 in the same row.”

9; 5. Pancras; Camden Town. Pop. 15018. —
Choi 54; Diarr. 45.

Bounded on the west by Skinner-street, Brewer-street,
and High-street; on the east by Maiden-lane; on the

south by the New-road ; and on the north by the
Regent’s Canal, &c.

During the month of January, cholera was fatal to
1 3 persons in the St. Pancras W orkhouse, and by Octo-
ber 23rd, 2 more deaths from the same cause occurred,
and 12 from diarrhoea; the number of inmates about
1200. In the London Fever Hospital a fatal case
of cholera was reported June 30th, brought from a
court in Fleet-street. On March 31st, a death from
the epidemic took place in Cheny-row, Pancras-road,
and on June 12th, another in College-street west; in
July 2 deaths, August 13, and in September 20, the
last on the 29th, in Stephenson-streef. During the last
10 days of August and the first xo days of September,
great mortality was caused by the epidemic ; diarrhoea
likewise was remarkably prevalent. In the months of
July, August, and September, the deaths respectively
were 10, 15, and 9. The poorer classes chiefly suffered
from cholera resident in —

Pratt-street,

Ashby-street,

Weston-street,

King-street,

Bayham-street,

Queen-street,
Spann’s-buildings,
Weston-place,
College-street, West, &c.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“9 children who died of cholera in the St. Pancras
Workhouse hadheen brought from Surrey Hall, Tooting,
while under the influence of the disease.”

“ On March 31st, at 2 Cheny-row, a hawker, aged
34 years, Asiatic cholera — active symptoms 18 hours,
continued fever 3 days. All the symptoms of
Asiatic cholera were well marked in the patient,
except cramps, which were very partial, and restricted
to the upper extremities ; lips and face blue and
collapse, diarrhoea, rice-water. Transfusion of 30
ounces of blood was tried while in collapse, which
rallied him for a day, but he died 3 days afterwards of
continued fever.”

“ On September i 3th, at 33 Cambridge-street, Agar
Town, labourer in gas-works, aged 40 years, cholera
48 hours. Open place, but ill drained, house small,
two families, not overcrowded.”

“The whole number registered since June 27th to
September 15th inclusive, a period of between 2 and 3
months, are- — ■

Cholera 26

Diarrhoea 25

Dysentery ...... 6

Total .... 57

In 26 cases of cholera, 11 were in the healthy part of
Camden Town, and 11 near the Fever and Small Pox
Hospitals, a very crowded and dirty neighbourhood,
and all within a short distance of each other. Of the
remaining 4, 2 were brought to the district, and 2 died
in an unhealthy house in Pratt-street.”

“On September 17 th, at 8 Canterbury-terrace, Agar
Town, wife of labourer, aged 36 years, diarrhoea, cho-
lera 4 days. Small house, ill drained. Had attended
her mother, who died of cholera 4 days previously.”

9; 6. Pancras; Kentish Town. Pop. 10398. —
Choi. 25 ; Diarr. 28.

Situated between Maiden-lane on the east and
Hampstead on the west ; bounded on the south by the
Regent’s Canal, and on the north by Highgate, &c.

On April 16th a death from cholera occurred in 12
hours, at 10 Winchester-street, Agar Town. The next
fatal case followed on July 26th : the epidemic was
prevalent to September 22nd ; on this day a horse-
keeper, aged 5 2 years, died in 30 hours, at 3 Ley-

176

Notes on Cholera

bourne-road. Also the following localities suffered,
viz. —

Junction-place,
Swaiu’s-lane, Highgate,
Lower Mansiield-place,
College-street, North,

Alfred-place, Maiden-
lane,

High-street, Highgate,
Salisbury-street, &c.

Diarrhoea prevailed with great severity in the
autumn, afflicting the very’young and the aged.

10 ; r. Islington; Islington West. Pop. 25396.
— Choi. 64 ; Diarr. 44.

Bounded on the south by Pentonville ; on the west
by Maiden-lane ; extending north to the Holloway-road ;
including on the east the west side of Upper-street, &c.

Cholera broke out at 60 Gibson-square, June 9th ;
in the same house another death happened on the 14th,
next on the 16th in Upper Park-street; in this month
6 deaths, in July 8, in August rose to 20, and increased
to 26 in September. Towards the latter part of this
month the virulence of the epidemic nearly expended
itself, — in October but 2 deaths occurred, the last case
on the 4th, in Charlotte-place, Holloway. 6 persons
died from cholera, and one from diarrhoea, in the
Islington workhouse ; the number of in-door poor
averages about 350. The epidemic was also fatal in —

Sidney-street,
Palmer-street, place, and
mews,

Belitha-terrace,

Matilda-street,

Gordon-place, Upper
Holloway,
Salishury-terrace,
Thornhill-street,

Upper Winchester-street,
&c.

28 males and 36 females died from cholera, chiefly
attacking those between the ages of 15 and 60 years.
The annexed table indicates the mortality at 3 periods
of life : —

' Age.

.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .
15 to 60 years . . .

60 and upwards . .

5

22

I

7

25

4

12

47

5

Diarrhoea prevailed extensively in July and August,
especially fatal to children under 2 years of age: of
the 44 deaths from this disease, ir are described as
adults and the rest as children, affecting the sexes in
about equal proportions.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On June 14th, at No. 60 Gibson-square, widow
of a colonel, aged 53 years, cholera 48 hours. The
deceased occupied a house situated in one of the open
squares. The attention of the family was directed
immediately after the death to offensive effluvia pro-
ceeding from the kitchen stairs, which they traced to
an unused closet or cupboard. In the previous week
was reported a death which occurred suddenly in the
same house, of a gentleman, aged 60, from cholera,
after 15 \ hours’ illness, whose sleeping-room was partly
over this cupboard. Both parties had been previously
in excellent health.”

“ On August 10th, at 10 Palmer-mews, Holloway,
a labourer, aged 45 years, cholera 14 hours ; the
deceased drank 3 quarts of sour table beer just previous
to the attack.”

“ On September 2nd, at 3 Rodney-place, White
Conduit-fields, wife of a coal-porter, aged 45 years.
Close confined place — had been attending upon her

brother in the next street, who died of cholera on
the same day.”

“ On September 4th, at 14 Thomhill-street, Cale-
donian-road, a brickmaker, aged 27 years, cholera 48
hours. There is a gully-hole opposite the house,
which emits a horrible stench at times; 2 of the
neighbours died 2 days before of cholera.”

“ On September 5 th, at 3 Burnard- place, Holloway,
wife of printer, aged 40 years, cholera 2 days. Had
attended her mother’s funeral a week back, who died
of cholera at Lambeth.”

“ On September 9th, at Paradise House, Holloway,
wife of foreman to an iron wharf, aged 22 years,
cholera 12 hours. This is a detached residence
with paddock ; the deceased had only 2 days previous
left the neighbourhood of Blackfriars, where she had
been constantly attending upon a friend ill with
cholera.”

“ On September 20, at 1 Cornwall-place, Holloway,
a schoolmaster, aged 54 years, morbus jecoris 2 years,
cholera [24 hours, atrophy 3 weeks, coma one week.
Nothing objectionable about the house or drain. His
wife died on 28th ultimo in the same house, of
cholera.”

“ O11 September 26th, at 1 Adam’s-place, Holloway,
daughter of baker (a twin) aged 6 years, cholera 5 days.
30 persons occupy this house, which consists of six or
eight rooms, each family inhabiting only one.”

*• We have now over this parish 7 efficient medical
house-to-house visitors, under authority of Board of
Health and direction of medical inspector. Each
case is daily reported and attended to, and many are
discovered in time to be checked.”

“ On October 1st, at Starkey’s-cottage, Sutton-
gardens, Caledonian-road, wife of carpenter, aged 51
years, cholera 9^ hours, collapse 7 hours (had a severe
attack of diarrhoea 5 weeks back). A foul drain runs
at the back of the house. The houses or hovels in
this spot are generally without drains.”

“ On September 29th, at 2 Gordon-place, Upper
Holloway, daughter of labourer, diarrhoea 10 days,
rice water purging 2 days. The place is ill-cleansed,
and the dwellings let out in tenements to travellers
and excavators.”

“ On October 4th, at 3 Charlotte-place, George’s-
place, Holloway, widow of bricklayer, aged 69 years,
cholera 21 hours. The drain was lately opened, and
left so for 3 or 4 days, emitting an offensive smell.
Her sister, who was the occupier, and had dwelt there
for many years, died in the previous week of cholera.”

10; 2. Islington; Islington East. Pop. 30294.
— Choi. 123 ; Diarr. 66.

Bounded on the west by the east side of Upper-
street and the Holloway-road ; on the east by South-
gate-road, part of Green-lane, and part of Kingsland-
road ; on the south by part of City-road and Regent’s
Canal.

On April 9th, a death from cholera occurred at 22
Albion-place, Ball’s Pond; an interim of 11 weeks
ensued to July 1st, on which day a case was fatal at No.
5 Anglers’-gardens ; in the remaining part of this
month 5 persons died ; the epidemic considerably
increased in August, and was fatal to 49 persons, and
attained the high mortality of 66 in September; the
last and only death in October occurred on the 2nd,
in Sussex -place, Rotherfield-street; the greatest number
of deaths in one day took place September 5 th, and
in 6 days to the 10th, 32 were deprived of life; after
this date the virulence of this disease abated, and
nearly ceased by the end of the month. Diarrhoea
was remarkably severe in August, from the 10th to the
31st both inclusive, was fatal to 24 persons, and in
September to 17; of the 66 deaths from this disease,

in the Sub-Districts of London.

177

16 were of adults, namely, 4 men and 12 women,
and the rest children under the age of 15 years.

The subjoined table illustrates the sexes, and mor-
tality at three periods of life : —

Age.

Deaths by Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

21

17

38

15 to 60 years . . .

39

30

69

60 and upwards . .

6

10

16

Total . . .

66

57

123

Mechanics, labourers, &c., with their families,
principally suffered from the epidemic, residing in —

Cross-street, Ball’s Pond,
Elder Walk,

Shepperton-place, cottages,
&c.

Windsor-street,

Lower and Upper Terrace,
Popham-place andTerrace,

Albion-place,

Anglers’ -gardens,
Rutland-place, Hornsey-
road,

Brand-court and street,
Holloway, &c.

During the months of July, August, and September,
52 deaths occurred more than the births registered, or

4 births to 5 deaths ; and on an average in every 3
deaths, one was assigned to cholera.

The annexed cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s reports : —

On July 10th, at No 3 Ward’s-buildings, or place,
Lower-road, son of a licensed victualler at nurse, 3
months, cholera 14 hours. The place is approached
from the .Lower-street by an arched passage. Imme-
diately under a window of the sitting-room is a shed,
containing a quantity of detritus of all kinds, the
accumulation of months ; and beyond, there is a
common privy.”

“On August r2th, at 3 William-street, New North
road, compositor, aged 42 years, cholera. Drains in a
had condition — a cholera case in this house the pre-
vious week.”

“ On August 13th, at 3 Graham-street, City-road,
labourer, aged 25 years, cholera 12 hours. Drains
complained of.”

“On August 14th, at 12 Elizabeth-place, Ball’s
Pond, son of master bricklayer, cholera. 13 hours.
Had eaten a quantity of apples prior to the attack.1’

“ On August 23rd, at 16 Albion-terrace, New
North-road, pianoforte-maker, aged 55 years, cholera

10 hours. Had heard the day before of the death of
two friends from choleia, which gave him mental
uneasiness.”

“On August. 23rd, at 2 New Nor folk-street, widow
of ] ainter and glazier, aged 6r years, cholera 14 hours.
A nurse ; she had been attending some relatives
attacked with cholera in Rotherhithe, and was labour-
ing under much excitement.”

“ On August 20th, at 10 King-street, a sewer (lusher,
aged 50 years, cholera 24 hours. Had been in the
same occupation more than 20 years ; second attack.”
“ On August 20th, at 5 Porter’s-place, Holloway,
journeyman gas engineer, aged 68 years, diarrhoea 3
days, cholera 2 days. An habitual hard drinker.”
“On August 30th, at I Anglers’ -gardens, wife of
journeyman picture-frame-maker, aged 39 years,
cholera 12 hours. Many persons in this place keep
pigs; in rear of this man’s house nearly a dozen are
kept. These gardens are only gardens in name.”

“ On September 5th, at No. 3 Brand-court, Hollo-

way, a labourer, aged 39 years, cholera 2 days.
Cholera has been very prevalent in this court.
The drainage of this place, as well as the whole of
Brand-street, is very defective, and an open sewer runs
at the back of all the houses on one side of Brand-
street. The houses are all very damp, from the want
of good drainage ; the floors of the lower rooms rest
upon the ground.”

“ On September 6th, at 3 Slaney place, Brand-street,
Holloway, labourer, aged 39 years, cholera 7 hours.
Many of these courts were at one time comparatively
in the country, and their bad construction was neu-
tralized by an allowance of fresh air; but they are
now so hemmed in with new streets, that all their
faults are aggravated to a degree that cannot be de-
scribed without personal inspection. Common decency
is hardly maintainable under these circumstances, and
a ‘ state of being 1 * * 4 * * * * * 10 is produced detrimental to themselves
and all surrounding them.”

“ On September 17th, at xo Rutland place, son of
smith, cholera 5 days, previously suffered from ma-
rasmus. Sister died of cholera September 14th ;
mother attacked and lying dangerously ill. In
the same house, on the same day, brother of the
above, cholera 7 days. This makes 7 deaths from 10
houses.”

“ On September 19th, at 8 Rutland place, Islington,
daughter of labourer, cholera 8 days. Deaths from
cholera in this place : one at No. 7, 2 at No. 8, one at
No. 9, 4 at No. 10. Before the first death at No. 8,
17 persons were living in that house, containing 4
very small rooms, with no back windows.”

“ On September 26th, at Highbury Terrace-mews,
Islington, wife of harness-maker, aged 62 years,
diarrhoea 12 hours, cholera 19 hours. Ilighbury-
terrace is at the summit of a gentle acclivity, at
the bottom of which at a short distance is Brand-
street, &c., where the cholera has been most rife.”

11 ; 1. Hackney; Stolte Newiuqton. Pop. 4400.
Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 2.

Bounded on the west by Green-lane, on the east by
Kingsland-road, on the south by Newington-green,
and includes the entire parish of St. Mary.

Cholera commenced in August; on the 21st a
case terminated in 1 3 hours at No. 12 Cock and
Castle-lane ; the next case in the same locality on the
26th ; 4 fatal cases of cholera took place in Cock and
Castle -lane; the last death occurred September 26th,
in Church-street.

The following notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports

“On August 2 1st, at 12 Cock and Castle-lane,
master shoemaker, aged 50 years, cholera 13 hours.
Close, 2 families living in 4 rooms ; the whole street
is unfavourable to health, and has a dirty gutter run-
ning down one side.”

“ On September 3rd, at. 18 Prospect place, Back-
road, wife of brickmaker, aged 2; years, cholera 13
hours, in the stage of collapse. The house close and
overcrowded, and very unfavourable to health.”

“On September 5th, at 5 Elizabeth-terrace, Ed-
ward’s-lane, son of a coachman, diarrhoea 3 days, rice-
water purging. The street is open and well cleansed.
This child was one of a family of 7 ; 5 children,
father and mother, occupying 2 rooms, the house
consisting of 4 rooms, the 2 lower ones occupied by
another family of 6 ; the whole 7 slept in one chamber.
The child was in a state of collapse when first seen,
and lived 10 or 12 hours afterwards.”

11; 2. Hackney; Stamford. Hill. Pop. 5140. —
Choi. 13 ; Diarr. 8.

Includes the chapelry of Stamfurd-hill and the
hamlet of Upper Clapton.

N

Notes on Cholera

17«

At High Hill-ferry, Upper Clapton, January 27th,
the wife of a labourer died of cholera; in the same
house, within 3 days, 3 persons died of the epidemic,
which visited this locality with great severity ; on this
spot 7 persons were deprived of life by cholera and
3 from diarrhoea. The first case in August occurred
on the 13th, in Spring-lane, and the last in this
district was recorded September 29th, at High Hill-
ferry, Upper Clapton.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Regis-
trar’s reports : —

“On January 27th, at High Hill-ferry, the wife of
a labourer, aged 43 years, cholera 2 days, typhus 5
days. High Hill-ferry lies at the foot of a hill from 40
to 60 feet above the bed of the River Lea, at an angle of
nearly 450 ; and receives all the sewerage and surface
water from it. The drainage is very bad, and the
houses in which the deaths took place are of the lowest
class, and generally very dirty, owing to the poverty of
the inhabitants. The other parts of the district are
perfectly healthy.”

“ On August 30th, at Stamford-hill, wife of harness-
maker, aged 74 years, cholera 36 hours. The house
in which the death occurred is situated at the rise of
the hill, opposite Abney Cemetery; it has a black
uncovered ditch running at the back, and emptying
itself into Hackney brook.”

xi ; 3. Hackney; West Hackney. Pop. 11108. —
Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 1 7.

Bounded on the west by Southgate-road and the
Kingsland-road ; on the south by the Regent’s Canal ; on
the east, part of Hackney Brook, Love-lane, and the
Queen’s-road, Dalston.

A case of cholera terminated in 20 hours, February
1 8th, in Pullen’s-place ; an interim of several months
follows to June 18th, and was prevalent to October
13th; on this day a furrier, aged 43 years, died of the
epidemic in 24 hours, in Derby-court, De Beauvoir-
town. The subjoined neighbourhoods were likewise
afflicted —

T ottenham-road, Kingsland,
Cock and Castle-lane,
Kingsland,

F rederick -place,

John-street, Shacklewell,
Bartholomew-place, De
Beauvoir-town, &c.

11; 4. Hackney; Hackney. Pop. 14634.

Choi. 75 ; Diarr. 48.

Bounded on the west by part of Hackney Brook,
Love-lane, Queen’s-road, Dalston ; on the east by the
River Lea, &c.

Cholera was fatal to a servant and 5 infant paupers
n Park-house, Church-street, between January 10th
and 15 th, the above children belonging to the Islington
Poorhouse. After 7 deaths from diarrhoea were
recorded in the Hackney Workhouse, Lower Homerton,
cholera proved fatal to 2 persons on February 6th,
and by October 22nd, 18 persons were deprived of life
by the epidemic, and 19 from diarrhoea. In the
German Hospital, Dalston, 9 persons died from cholera
between May 23rd and September 18th. The fol-
lowing table represents the deaths from cholera in
three periods of life.

Age.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

Birth to 15 years . .

12

7

19

15 and under 60 years .

I9

20

39

60 and upwards. . .

7

IO

17

Diarrhoea was very prevalent in February, also in
August and September : of those fatally attacked, 16

were children under 15 years, 14 between 15 and 60
years, and 18 were aged persons over 60. In the fol-
lowing localities cholera and diarrhoea were fatal, viz. —

Hockley-street, Homerton, | King's-road,

Down-terrace, | Grove-lane,

Victoria-street, | Water-lane, &c.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On January 14th, a female, aged 50 years, cholera
30 hours.”

“On January 15th, a female, aged 11 years, cholera
18 hours; low consecutive fever 3 houis.”

“ The first was a servant who belonged to the
Islington Poorhouse, and had been brought to Hackney
to nurse the sick children. The second was a girl
belonging to the Islington Poorhouse, who had been
brought to Hackney from Drouet’s asylum at Tooting.”
The 2 following cases occurred in the German
Hospital, Dalston : —

“ On June 6th, a male, aged 16 years, cholera
14 hours.”

“ On June 7th, a male, aged 6 years, cholera
10 hours.”

“ The above were natives of Switzerland, and had
come from Germany with a view of emigrating to New
York. The disease, which appeared in its worst form,
seemed to have been produced principally by drinking
large quantities of sea-water, and living in a ship
overcrowded by passengers.”

“ On September 2nd, at Grove-lane, a gardener, aged
30 years, cholera 16 hours. The houses in Grove-lane
stand open and airy, but the drainage is imperfect.”
“On September 13th, at 20 Victoria-street, Homer-
ton, son of a labourer, cholera 5 days. Victoria-street
is situated at the hack of High-street, Homerton,
with about loo houses, each containing 4 small rooms,
in many of them 3 or 4 families, from 15 to 20 persons.
The whole street is unhealthy, from the overcrowded
houses and bad drainage.”

12; 5. Hackney; South Hackney. Pop. 6889. —
Choi. 20; Diarr. 18.

On the south includes the north part of Victoria
Park and the Regent's Canal, bounded on the north by
part of Hackney-brook, Waterloo-terrace, &c., ex-
tending from Hackney Wick to East Haggerstone.

After 3 deaths from cholera in February, the epi-
demic again appeared on July 24th, in Victoria-grove;
in the succeeding month the mortality rose to 7, in
September also 7, and in October 2 ; the last on the
5th, in North-street. The subjoined localities greatly
suffered, viz. —

Goring-street, | Wells-street.

Diarrhoea chiefly prevailed in February and August;
the greater proportion attacked were children under
the age of 2 years.

The annexed cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s cholera reports : —

“On February 8th, at 27 Goring-street, wife of a
printer, aged 37 years, cholera 2 days.”

A locality of the worst possible condition as regards
drainage, most of the inhabitants having no other
means of getting rid of refuse in a liquid state than by
casting it into the street. The whole of the street is a
continued pool of filth.

“On August 17th, at 1 Tryon’s-court, widow of
labourer, aged 69 years, cholera 14 hours. The house
and the court in which it is situated are close and ill-
ventilated. The deceased had been attending on a
man who died in the same house 4 days previously of
cholera.”

“ On September 6th, at W ood’s-yard, II ell-street,

179

in the Sub-Districts of London.

daughter of journeyman file-cutter, cholera 15 hours.
The houses in this yard are in a very bad state, being
shut in by other buildings at the back, with drains and
privies in close proximity to the dwellings.”

LONDON. — Central Districts.

MIDDLESEX (Part of).

12; 1. St. Giles; St. George Bloomsbury.

Pop. 16981. — Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 15.

Comprises the entire parish of St. George Blooms-
bury, bounded on the south by Broad-street, HighHol-
born, from George-street on the west to King-street on
the east, extending north to Tavistock-place, Comp-
ton-street, &c. First death from cholera the 9th July, at
24 Montague-place ; the epidemic was prevalent dur-
ing the months of August and September, and entirely
ceased after the 13th October, on which day the wife
of a grocer, aged 46 years, died in Everett-street. The
inhabitants of the following streets and adjacent
neighbourhood suffered : Keriton-street, Duke-street,
Museum-street, Henrietta-street and Mews, &c.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On the 18th August, at 61 Guild ford-street, daugh-
ter of a warehouseman, aged 18 years, cholera 54
hours. The surgeon who attended this case stated that
the mother and her 3 daughters had resided at Mar-
gate for some weeks. On the 13th, the mother was
seized with Asiatic cholera at 18 Upper Marine-
terrace, Margate, and died in 22 hours ; on the same
day a gentleman in the same house died of cholera in
12 hours. The 3 daughters returned to Guildford -
street on the 14th, and on the 16th the 2 youngest
were attacked with cholera.”

“ On the 22nd August, at 4 Colonnade-mews, Russell-
square, son of coachman, cholera, fever of a typhoid
character 7 days. A gully-grating to the sewer
opposite the stable, which, the inmates say, emits at
times a stench almost intolerable, and frequently
becomes choked.”

“ On the 28th August, at 17 Brunswick -mews, coach-
man, aged 30 years, diarrhoea 5 days, cholera 18 hours.
This mews is without a current of air passing through
it, and generally dirty, with much vegetable and other
decayed matter lying about.”

“On the 29th August, at 44 Kenton -street, shoe-
maker, cholera 24 hours, collapse 19 hours. The place
or tenement in which the deceased resided is through a
passsage and behind the front house, like many others
on the Foundling estate.”

“ On the 3rd September, at 18 Little Coram-street,
widow, formerly a servant, aged 64 years, cholera 6
days. Very close, having no back windows, and the
street unfavourable to health.”

“ On the 5 th September, at 33 Hyde-street, wife of a
carpenter, aged 43 years, cholera 11 hours. The
informant stated that the privy was situated in the
front area, arid so confined as to emit the stench up the
house, which at times was intolerable.”

12; 2. St. Giles; St. Giles South. Pop. 19634.
— Choi. 194; Diarr. 32.

Bounded on the north by Broad-street and High Hol-
born, from St. Andrew-street on the west to the east side
of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, on the soutli by Castle-street,
Drury-lane, Duke-street, 8c c. The mortality from cho-
lera was very considerable in the Union Workhouse,
where 109 persons died from the 7th July to the 5th Oc-
tober, both inclusive, and on which days the first and laet

fatal cases in this Registrar’s district occurred ; a great
portion of the 109 deaths were persons not belonging to
this part of the parish, but removed into the Workhouse
from the North and Bloomsbury sub-districts, namely,
from Church-lane, Kennedy-court, Tower-street, &c.
By excluding the Workhouse, 85 instead of 194 would
represent the deaths from cholera in this district.

Deaths from Cholera

—

in St. Giles Workhouse.

Total.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Men

5

II

14

30

Women

7

25

21

I

54

Boys | Under 15 years J

I

4

5

. •

IO

Girls J of age (

3

9

3

• •

15

Total Cholera . .

l6

49

43

I

109

Total Diarrhoea .

I

I

I

• •

3

Throughout the month of August and the first 9 days
of September, 144 persons were deprived of life ; the
greatest severity of the cholera epidemic was felt on
the 3rd September; on this day 11 died; 5 took place
in the Workhouse, where the number of indoor poor is
about 770; and here in 9 days, from the 29th August
to the 8th September, 29 fatal cases of cholera were
recorded. The following localities suffered from the
epidemic, viz., Wild-court, Great Earl-street, King-
street, Lascelles-court, Charles-street. Endell-street,
Brownlow-street, Queen-street, Great Wild-street, &c.
In King-street, 16 deaths were referred to cholera and
3 to diarrhoea, exclusive of those persons who died
after removal into the Workhouse. An engraver, aged
33 years, at No 14 King-street, the 16th August, was
fatally attacked by the epidemic, survived 16 hours;
in 2 days after, in the same house, his wife also died of
cholera; in the next house, No. 15, between the 26th
and 29th, the 3 children of a carpenter died ; in this
house a previous death by cholera occurred on the
19th August, and another on the 8th September, making
5 persons who died from cholera in this house ; and at
No. 16 in the above street a death from cholera in 20
hours was recorded, the 5th September; 15 women,
described as charwomen, died of cholera and diarrhoea
in the Union Workhouse. The greatest mortality was
observed amongst the poorer and working classes in-
habiting the above localities. The following cases, &c.,
are selected from the Registrar’s reports : —

“ On the 13th August, at 5 Lascelles-court, a labourer,
aged 70 years, cholera 18 hours. Close, ill-cleansed,
and overcrowded (one common privy for the whole
of the inhabitants).”

“ On the 6th September, at 31 Charles-street, Drury-
lane, a journeyman coach-body maker, aged 52 years,
cholera 15 hours. 2 deaths in the same house pre-
viously registered.”

“ On the 9th September, at 1 Duke-street, Lincoln’s
Inn-fields, the daughter of a boot-closer, cholera 24
hours. House close, ill-cleansed, and overcrowded ;
the basement converted into a slaughter-house. 7
people ill in the house and one removed with choleia
to the Hospital.”

“ On the nth September, at 22 Broad street, a
spinster, aged 23 years, cholera 2 days. This is the
third death in the house from cholera.”

“ On the nth September, at 2 New-street, a pavior,
aged 52 years, cholera 6 hours. This is the fouilh
death in the house from cholera.

N 2

Notes on Cholera

180

12; 3. St. Giles; St. Giles North. Pop. 17677.
— Choi. 72 ; Diarr. 30.

Extends on the east side of Crown-street and Tot-
tenham Court-road to Francis-street, to George-sheet,
to St. Andrew-sfreet, and to Torrington-square, &c.

Cholera prevailed with great severity in the Rookery,
Church-lane, Kennedy’s-court, and the following streets,
&c. : George-street, New Compton-streel, Dudley-
street, Tower-street, New-street, High-street, &c. 34

persons were fatally attacked by cholera in Church-
lane ; 5 of these persons died after being admitted
into the Union Workhouse. The first fatal case was
recorded on the nth July, at No. n George-street, a
hawker, aged 65 years, survived the attack 13 hours;
next case on the 20th, then the 22nd, 23rd, &c. ; by
the end of this month 8 deaths. Cholera destroyed in
August 36 persons, and in September 28; after the
13th this district was relieved from the epidemic, which
was at its maximum during the first 11 days of Sep-
tember; the greatest number in one day happened on
the nth ; all that part known as the Rookery suffered
severely. In the 3 months of July, August, and Sep-
tember, the deaths were 102 from cholera and diarrhcea,
whilst but 63 were referred to all other causes, inde-
pendently of those removed out of the district, when
attacked by cholera, and afterwards died in the Work-
house, situated in the south district of the parish. The
subjoined notes are selected from the Registrar’s reports :

“ Cholera and diarrhoea have been very prevalent
within the last fortnight in the neighbourhood
of Clmrch-lane (known as the Rookery) and the
courts adjoining, particularly in Kenuedy's-court, in
which there is a nest of 7 houses (crowded and dirty)
with otdy one privy, and the drainage defective. The
occupants have complained sadly for some time of the
stench arising from the drain, which frequently over-
flowed the pavement. The locality is both confined
and unhealthy, from the dirty habits of the Irish who
frequent it, and the drainage of the houses and the
ventilation of the sleeping-rooms very imperfect.”

The mortality from the prevailing epidemic in
Church-lane (the ‘Rookery’), among the poor Irish
families, has been excessive ; it first showed itself on
July 21st. There are 15 houses on each side of the
way, and there were 28 deaths, viz. : — In the house
No. 3 Church-lane, 3 deaths have been registered ; at
No. 4, 2 ; No. 6, 2 ; No. 7, 4 ; No. 8, 2 ; No. 15, one ;
No. 17, one; No. 18, 3; No. 20, one; No. 2r, 2;
No. 22, 2 ; No. 24, one ; No. 27, 3 ; and No. 28, one.
Many of the inhabitants of the lane have dispersed,
and the deaths of several have been registered elsewhere,
independently of those removed and dying in the work-
house.”

“ On September 1 6th, at 1 Carrier-street, daughter
of labourer, aged 7 years, diarrhoea (not certified).
The house is in a most filthy and wretched con-
dition, being close, ill-cleansed, overcrowded, and
ill-ventilated, and 20 persons slept in a small room
on the previous night. The staircase was covered with
filth, and the stench arising from the house was so
offensive that the Registrar was obliged to request the
mother to accompany him to the adjoining house to
register the death of her child. Carrier-street forms
a part of the 1 Rookery ’ of St. Giles.”

House-to-house visitation has been attended with the
greatest benefit and success, and many lives have been
saved by thus having early recourse to medical advice,

1351. Strand; St. Anne, Soho. Pop. 16480. —
Choi. 47 ; Diarr. 28.

Includes the entire parish of St. Anne, Soho; viz.
the south side of Oxford-street, from Wardour-street
on the west to Crowu-street on the cast, extending south
to Leiccster-square, &c.

At No. 6 Dean-street, July 15th, a carpenter's wife
died of cholera in 10 hours; next case the 16th, then on
the 2 rsf, 26th, &c. During this month 5 deaths,
August 26, September 15, and October one, on the
3rd, in Crown-street; from die 5th August to the
13th September, the epidemic was most fatal, and
during this period 38 persons died: cholera nearly
ceaseil by the end of September.

In the following streets and contiguous neighbour-
hoods the epidemic prevailed, viz. : — Dean-street,
Falconberg-court, St. Anne’s-street and court, King-
street, Crown-street and court, Grafton-street, Market-
street, Porter-street, Lisle-street, &c.

At. No. 10 Great Newport-street, on the 30th
August, the 2 children of a bookbinder died of
cholera, the one in 1 1 and the other in 2 1 hours after
the attack.

The following selections are made from the Regis-
trar’s reports : —

“ On the 24th August, at 4 Falconberg-court, coster-
monger, aged 25 years, cholera 7 hours. Close-court,
overcrowded, and unfavourable to health. 2 privies
close to the room. Every room in the house let out to
separate families. The deceased had lost, within 3
weeks, his 2 brothers, his sister, and child from cholera,
in Lascelles-place, St. Giles.”

“On the 28th August, 20 Lich field-street, wife of
journeyman bootmaker, cholera 26 hours. Open street.
A female died in same house, of cholera, August 19th.”

“ On the 1st September, at 8 Prince’s-row, son of
journeyman tailor, aged 8 years, cholera 18 hours.
House all let out to lodgers, and close to a slaughter-
house.”

“ On the 2nd September, at 425 Oxford-street, needle-
woman, aged 62 years, cholera 11 hours. Her sister
died in the same house on the 31st August. Open
street.’’

“ On the 4th September, at r 1 Grafton-street, gas-fitter,
aged 27 years, cholera 12 hours. Offensive smell
in house, with slaughter-house at tire back. Open
street.”

“ On the 5th September, at 3 Market-sheet, carpenter,
aged 34 years, cholera 18 hours. House dirty and
crowded, having a slaughter-house at back.”

“ I11 the same house, on the 8th September, wife of
tailor, cholera 60 hours. She attended upon the above
person who died of cholera.”

13; 2. Strand; St. Mari/-le'^tra,‘d. Pop. 11732.
— Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 9,

This Registrar’s district extends on the south side of
Long Acre to Maiden-lane and Tavistock-street,
bounded on the west by Bedford-slreet, including
Bow-street, llridges-street on the east, &c.

Died of cholera, a fruiterer, aged 37 years, at No. 2
Bow-street, the 31st May; the next case on the 23rd
June, fatal in 12 hours; another on the 27th July,
in 7 hours ; the epidemic prevailed in the months of
August and September, and ceased on the 9th October.

The residents in the following localities suffered
from the epidemic, viz., Windsor-court, Drury-court
and lane, Bow-street, White Hart-street, Clemenls-lane
(part of), &c., independently of those persons removed,
after attacked by cholera, into the Workhouse and
King’s College Hospital.

13 ; 3. Strand ; St. Clements Danes. Pop. 15386.
— Choi. 90 ; Diarr. 25.

Bounded on the south by the river Thames, Cecil-
street on the west, to Middle Temple-lane on the
east, extending north to Lincoln’s Inn-fields, Cur-
sitor-street, Tavistock-street, Duke-street, &c., and
includes the Middle Temple, Clifford’s Inn, Clements
Inn, Liberty of the Rolls, &c.

48 cases of cholera were fatal in King's College

181

in the Sub-Districts of London.

Hospital, belween the ioth July and the 9th Novem-
ber ; viz., in

July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

T4 21 11 1 1

The persons in the hospital number about 90.

First case, 12th July, at 10 Sheffield-street ; last
case, 25 th September, at 2 Kingsbury-place ; the epi-
demic was at its maximum the 6th September, and
nearly ceased after the 20th. The mortality from
cholera, in the annexed localities, has been excessive,
viz., Clements-lane and court, Birches-place, Searle’s-
place, Milford-lane, Crown-court, White’s-alley, & c.,
and all that part known as the Liberty of the Rolls.
Between the 19th and 2rst. July, a porter’s wife, aged
30 years, and 3 children, all one family, within 3 days,
died of cholera in King’s College Hospital ; nearly
half the deaths in this district, during the months of
July, August, and September, are attributed to cholera,
and in this period 103 deaths from all causes were
registered in excess over the births The annexed notes,
&c., are selected from the Registrar’s reports.

The six following cases occurred at King’s College
Hospital : —

“ On the 1st August, a bridle-cutter, aged 31 years,
cholera 12 hours, from 75 Brandon-street, Walworth.
Deceased left Walworth in the morning early, and was
attacked during the day — dying in the Hospital at
8g- p.m. His wife, whom he left well at Walworth in
the morning, died there also, of cholera, at £ to 8, p.m.,
half an hour before the husband.”

“On the 30th July, wife of policeman, aged 49
years, cholera, state of collapse 20 hours, from Duke’s-
court, Drury-lane. Had been to Greenwich 2 days
previous, to nurse her son affected with cholera.”

“ On the 31st July, female, aged 45 years, nurse at
the Hospital, cholera diarrhoea 2 days, collapse 10
hours.”

“On the 1st August, female, aged 28 years, wife ol
labourer, a nurse at the Hospital, cholera 37 hours.”

“ The above were 2 nurses in the cholera wards of
King’s College Hospital, after being in attendance during
2 days and nights on the sick. They retired to rest
at 11 o’clock, p.m., on the 30th July, within 2 hours
of which time they were both attacked. The first died
at 9 o’clock, a.m., on July 31st, and the second at 3^
o’clock, a.m., on the 1st August.”

“On the nth August, a journeyman tailor, aged
50 years, disease of bladder 18 months, cholera 15
hours, p.m., from 16 Little Gray’s Inn-lane, Holborn,
in the ward adjoining the cholera ward.”

“On the 12th August, a journeyman farrier, aged
49 years, abscess of leg one month, cholera 9 hours,
from 4 Chari es-street, Drury-lane. Perhaps the filthiest
street in the metropolis, harbouring the scum of St.
Giles’s. Took cholera in a bed adjoining the doorway
of the cholera ward.”

The preceding 2 men had been in Hospital some
time for surgical treatment.

“On the 1 2th August, daughter of journeyman
tailor, diarrhoea one week, at 13 Bear-yard, Clare-
market. This is the third child this man has lost
within 1^ year. Bear-yard consists of stables, &c.,
with dung heaps.”

“On the 15th August, son of a compositor, cholera
degenerating into typhus, 4 days, at 6 Lower Searle s-
place, Liberty of the Rolls, formerly Shire-lane, a
closely crowded district, the drainage bad, accumula-
tion of filth in the kitchen, cesspool o"eiflows.”

“On the 20th August, at 175 Strand, master
grocer, aged 66 years, diarrhoea 12 hours, cholera 40
hours. Had been attending the funeral of some rela-
tives who died of cholera in the country, and was at-
tacked almost as soon as he got home.”

The backs of the houses in which the 3 following
cases occurred nearly meet; the smells from stables and
cowsheds are horrible. Costermongers go down these
narrow dark lanes near the river and throw about
stinking fish, decayed vegetables, and all kinds of
refuse. There is a drain in front of 4 Milford-lane.
which is kept covered in by the neighbours, the stench
from which is almost intolerable.

“On the 22nd August, at 4 Milford-lane, wife of
journeyman lamp-wick maker, diarrhoea 3 days,
cholera 24 hours.”

“On the 23rd August, at 10 Milford-lane, wife of
journeyman engineer, cholera 24 hours.”

“ On the 24th August, at 37 Arundel-street, wife of
labourer, cholera 14 hours.”

“On the 25th August, at George-yard, Diury-lane,
journeyman picture-frame maker, aged 25 years,
cholera 12 hours. Close by a burial-ground, raised
9 or 10 feet above the neighbouring ground-level by the
interments.”

“ On the 30th August, at 6 Cromwell-place, labourer,
aged 21 years, cholera 3 days. A low, dirty, crowded
court, opening into Little Shire-lane, and terminating
in a ‘ cul de sac.’ Drainage bad and offensive.”

“On the nth September, at 9 Lee's-buildings,
Liberty of the Rolls, daughter of footman, aged one year,
dentition cholera 4 days. The mother of deceased
ascribes the attack to the impure air of the locality,
and states that a month ago a cesspool (into which all
the drains of the buildings empty themselves), situated
opposite her door, was opened, and remained open
several days ; that since then many people in the
vicinity have died of cholera.’’

“ On the 13th September, at 45 Clement’s-lane, son
of policeman (deceased), cholera 2 days. His younger
brother died on the 15th, in King’s College Hospital.
An overcrowded, filthy lane.”

“ On the 16th September, at 14 White’s-alley,
Liberty of the Rolls, daughter of journeyman shoe-
maker (deceased), aged 21 years, cholera 2 days.
Cholera raged in this cluster of close, crowded, dirty
courts to an alarming extent. This is the adjoining
court to Lee’s-buildings, previously alluded to, situated
between Chancery and Fetter lanes,”

“ On the 17th September, at 10 Milford-lane, widow
of labourer, aged 49 years, cholera 2 days. Her hus-
band died of cholera a week before her ; and this is
the 6th death from cholera in the same house.”

“On the 25th September, at 2 Kingsbury-place,
Liberty of the Rolls, adjoining White’s-alley, wife of
coal-heaver, aged 36 years, diarrhoea 48_hours, cholera
36 hours.”

“ Jn this close, crowded court the houses have only
one window at the back, and that is on a staircase.
The privies, communicate with a cesspool in the centre
of the place, and smell dreadfully.”

“ For the 3 months ending the 30th September, the
deaths are not more than one-third above the average,
if the cases brought to King’s College Hospital from
other parishes were omitted. Diarrhoea and cholera
appear to have superseded, to some extent, other diseases
peculiar to the season.”

“ On the 1st October, at 10 Milford-lane, St.
Clements Danes, son of journeyman tailor, diarrhoea
7 days. Several fatal cases of cholera have occurred
in the same house. The privy is on the first door and
smells.”

“ On the 3rd October, widow of labourer, aged 50
years, cholera 2 days, secondary fever 2 weeks (post
mort.), at King’s College Hospital, from 29 Clements-
lane. The deceased’s husband died on the same day
of typhus.”

“ The epidemic in this district was fatal in 4 dig-

182

Notes on Cholera

tinct quarters ; they may be distinguished as the
White’s-alley district, situate between Chancery and
Fetter lanes; the Shire-lane district, opening into Fleet-
street, near Temple-bar ; the Clements-lane district ;
and Milford-lane district, near the river, which are
dirty, close, badly-drained, stinking, and filthy, every
room tenanted by a distinct family of the poorest de-
scription, and in many of the houses there are 30
people ; almost every house contains a cesspool, emptied
occasionally by the lodgers, who throw the contents by
pailfuls into the court. Scarcely a case has occurred
in the more respectable and open part of this dis-
trict/’

14; 1. Holborn ; St. George the Martyr.

Pop. 17407. — Choi. 20; Diarr. 10.

Bounded on the south by Holborn, Cursitor-street,
&c. ; by King-street and Lincoln’s Inn-fields on the
west, to Gray’s Inn-lane on the east ; extending north
to Guildt’ord-street and Henry-street, including Lin-
coln’s Inn, Gray’s Inn, Staple Inn, &c.

Cholera was fatal on the 20th February at No. 4
Raymond's-buildings, Gray’s Inn ; the next case the
14th July, a surgeon, aged 64 years, at Southampton-
buildings ; the greatest mortality occurred in the
months of August and September, on the 30th the
epidemic ceased, and was most prevalent in Fulwood’s-
rents, Eagle-street and court, Castle court, Lamb’s Con-
duit passage, &c., &c., exclusive of those removed after
attacked by cholera to the Workhouse and St. Bartho-
lomew’s Hospital. The Registrar, in his reports, de-
scribes the following cases and localities : —

“ On the 19th August, at 19 Fulwood’s-rents, wife
of journeyman shoemaker, aged 56 years, cholera 12
hours. This is a large house, with about 80 feet of
space between the back, front, and any other building.
The lodgers complain of a cesspool in the yard (near
the house) belonging to No. 18, (the effluvium from
which is at times very offensive. There are 9 families
resident in this house.’’

“On the 27 August, at 1 Eagle court, Eagle-street,
son of journeyman cabinet-maker, aged 7 years, diarrhoea
one week, cholera 1 7 hours. A very close court, without
a thoroughfare, consisting of 3 houses. The drainage
is very bad.’’

“On the 7th September, at 13 Fulwood’s-rents, wife
of groom, aged 30 years, diarrhoea 4 days, cholera 30
hours. This is a densely-populated neighbourhood.
The house is very large, with yard at back, one side
open to Gray’s Inn-gardens.”

“ On the 7th September, at 3 Castle-court, waiter,
aged 49 years, diarrhoea 14 days, cholera 12 hours.
This court branches out of Fulwood’s-rents. No
thoroughfare ; thickly populated.”

“ On the 30th September, at 2 Lamp Office-court,
Lamb's Conduit-street, daughter of journeyman cabi-
net-maker, aged 4 years, cholera 2 days, effusion of
the brain 5 days. This court contains 3 houses, open
in front. No back rooms nor yard behind; generally
full of lodgers. 2 deaths occurred in this house on the
same day.”

14; 2. Holborn; St. Andrew Eastern. Pop. 12613.
— Choi, no; Diarr. 39.

Extends east of Gray’s Inn-lane to Leather-lane, from
the north side of Holborn to Warner -street, Eyre-street,
&c., and includes Furnival’s Inn. In January the pre-
valence of cholera occasioned a great excess of morta-
lity ; the deaths from the epidemic were 19, all of whom
died in the Union Workhouse, and here also in the suc-
ceeding month 2 more perished; a lapse of nearly 4
mouths ensued, when again cholera was fatal in the
Workhouse, on the 30th May ; the following day a boot-
maker, aged 45 years, died in Brook-street ; the annexed
table represents the deaths from cholera and diarrhoea : —

Union Workhouse,

—

Grays’s Inn Lane.

Choi.

Diarr.

January

19

10

February ......

2

5

March .

3

May

2

June

4

1

July

17

2

August

30

2

September

10

2

Total ....

84

25

A great proportion of the above deaths were persons
removed into the Union Workhouse, after attacked by
cholera, from the Saffron-hill and St. George-the-
Martyr districts, belonging to the same Union ; and if
the 84 deaths in theWorkhouse were deducted, 26 would
be the number of persons who died of cholera in other
parts of this district; the number of pauper inmates
about 700; the cholera epidemic in the Union-house
ceased on the 22nd September, and in other localities
on the 20th September. In this district many persons
residing in Tindall’s-buildings, Portpool-lane, &c.,
were attacked by cholera, and died after removal into
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. The principal neighbour-
hoods which suffered from the epidemic are Crown-
court, Liquorpond-street ; Tindall’s-buildings, Gray’s
Inn-lane; Brook-street, Portpool-lane, Baldwin’s
gardens, Union-buildings, Leather-lane ; Tash-street,
Fox-place and court, &c., &c. The following cases,
are selected from the Registrar’s reports : —

“On the 20th August, in the workhouse, removed
from Tindall’s-buildings, Gray’s Inn-lane, a widow,
aged 40 years, cholera 16 hours. Tindall’s-buildings isa
large open court, densely populated with Irish families.
The court is clean, with a large sewer at the bottom.”
“ On the 2 1st August, at the Hole-in-the-Wall pas-
sage, Brook’s Market, wife of greengrocer, aged 52
years, diarrhoea one month, dropsy 4 years. The Hole-
in-the-Wall passage is very narrow, with houses on both
sides, and one privy for the whole. Has a large
slaughter-house in the centre.”

“ On the 2 1st August, at 6 Tash court, Tash-street,
Gray's Inn-lane, wife of labourer, aged 43 years,
cholera 36 hours. Tash-court is very thickly popu-
lated; is a thoroughfare, and appears generally clean ;
small open yards behind, with water butts, &c.”

“ On the 2 1st August, at. Bell-court, Gray's Inn-
lane, painter and glazier, aged 51 years, cholera 24
hours. Bell-court is large and open ; a great thorough-
fare from Gray’s Inn-lane. They have all open
yards behind, with good drainage.”

“ On the 23rd August, at George-court, Fox-court,
labourer, aged 54 years, cholera 10 hours. George-
court, Fox-court, and several courts adjoining, thickly
populated. Is a thoroughfare leading out of Gray's
Inn lane to Brook-street, Holborn.”

“ On the 7th September, at 20 Back-hill, Hatton-gar-
den, daughter of compositor, cholera 6 hours. Back-
lull is a large open street, with good drainage and
plenty of water.”

14; 3. Holborn ; Saffron Hill. Pop. 14441. —
Choi. 31 ; Diarr. 6.

Bounded on the west by Leather-lane, including Saf-
fron-hill on the east, extending north from Ilolboru
hill to llay-street, Vine-street, &c.

in the Sub- Districts of London. 183

Cholera became fatal the 2nd July, at 38 Kirby-
street, next case on the gth. During this month 9
deaths, in August 6 ; in September 14 ; and 2 in
October; namely, one on the 2nd, in Leather-lane,
and the last on the 30th, in George-yard.

The following localities suffered from the epidemic —

Saffron-court, Great Saffron-hill, Union-court,
Leather-lane, Greenhill’s-rent, George-yard and alley,
Hatton-yard, &c.

During the 3 months ending the 30th September, 15
more deaths than births were registered, not including
those spersons attacked by cholera who died after
admission into the Workhouse or the Hospital of St.
Bartholomew.

The following cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s reports : —

“ On the 31st August, at 20 Union-court, Saffron-
hill, widow of shoemaker,| aged 50 years, cholera 18
hours ; the stench from the privy of this house is some-
times very offensive.”

“ On the 1st September, at 2 Hatton-yard, shopman
to cheesemonger, aged 28 years, cholera 6 days. The
deceased was shopman to a cheesemonger of Ludgate-
liill, where 2 persons were attacked with cholera and
died a few weeks previous.”

“ On the 8th September, at 1 8 Field-lane, Saffron-hill,
wife of labourer, aged 52 years, cholera. The house in
which this death occurred is a lodging-house for tramps
and prostitutes, in a narrow lane, badly cleansed.”

“ On the 10th September, at 7 Back-hill, Saffron-
hill, son of gas-fitter, aged 18 years, cholera 48 hours.
There is a cesspool in the next house which occasionally
overflows, and the drains smell very offensive.”

“ On the nth September, at no Great Saffron-hill,
son of tinman, aged 5 years, cholera. The second
child of this family who has died within a week ;
offensive smell from drain.”

“ On the 6th September, at 16 Saffron-street, black-
smith, aged 43 years, cholera 14 hours. There is a fat-
melter’s at the back of this house, which (when they are
boiling) smells very offensive.”

15; r. Clerkenwell ; St. James. Pop. 1941 7.
— Choi. 53 ; Diarr. 48.

Includes the southern part of the parish, bounded on
the east by Goswell-street, from Charter House-square,
extending north to Percival-street, west to Ray-street,
Turnmill-street, &c., on the south by West Smithfield,
Cow Cross-street, &c.

In the Middlesex House of Detention, a spinster, aged
26 years, died of cholera on the 10th February; the
epidemic subsequently, on the 28th June, proved fatal
in 24 hours to a grocer, aged 49 years, at 34 St. John-
street. The next case followed on the 9th J uly, then on
the 19th, 2 1st, &c. During September, 25 persons were
destroyed by cholera and 18 by diarrhoea. In the month
of August the numbers were 18 and 8 respectively. The
last death by cholera on the 9th November. The deaths
from diarrhoea were numerous, and more especially to
children under 3 years of age. In 48 cases, 8 were
adults above the age of 20 years. In the Mid-
dlesex House of Detention 2 cases of cholera proved
fatal : the average number of prisoners about no. At
the Workhouse in Coppice-row, one death from cholera
and 2 from diarrhoea : the average indoor poor number
about 430. The comparative number of deaths from
cholera during 3 periods of life is here shown : —

—

Males.

Fe-

rrates.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

7

5

12

1 ; and under 60 years .

15

20

35

60 years and upwards .

2

4

6

The following places were infected by cholera and
diarrhoea : —

W bite Horse-court, Coppice-row, Cock-court, Turn-
mill-street, King-street, Clerkenwell Green and
Close, Great Sutton-street, Rose-alley, Pear Tree-
court, Bit-alley, Northampton-street, St. James-
streef, &c.

Several persons belonging to this Registrar’s district,
when attacked by cholera, were removed to St. Bar-
tholomew’s Hospital, where their deaths were subse-
quently registered.

Artisans, tradesmen, &c., including their families,
were the principal sufferers from the cholera epidemic,
and chiefly those in the middle age of life. In the
majority of fatal cases the attack was sudden and the
termination of life rapid, in many instances not ex-
ceeding 24 hours.

At No. 11 Paradise-court, a tailor died of cholera,
the 16th August, in 7 hours after the attack ; on the
following day his son also died.

The following selection of cases, &c., are made from
the Registrar’s reports

‘‘On February 10th, in Middlesex House of De-
tention, female, aged 26 years, malignant cholera 10
hours, produced by causes occurring out of the prison,
in a person of debilitated condition ( 'inquest ). This
person had come from a house of bad character in
Whitechapel. She was brought in the prison van on
the 9th inst., had a warm bath, and was taken to her
cell, but died on the morning of the 10th. It appeared
that she had suffered from a very bad leg almost in a
state of mortification."

“ On July 9th, a prisoner in the Middlesex House
of Detention, male, aged 18 years, Asiatic cholera
75 hours (inquest). Deceased was admitted on the 6th
inst., and died on the 9th inst. The prisoner attributed
the disease to his having partaken of tainted meat the
day previous to admission.”

“ On August 6th, at 4 Broad-court, Turnmill-street,
costermonger, aged 40 years, sudden, cholera (inquest).
The court is close, ill-cleansed ; the drains of the
houses on this side run through the passages, with a
loose board to cover them.”

“ On August 16th, at 11 Paradise-court, Peter-street,
tailor, aged 34 years, cholera 7 hours. The court is
confined, abutting on a horse-slaughterer’s, the smells
from which at times are very offensive. On the fol-
lowing day a son died of choleraic diarrhoea.’

“On August 19th, at 11 White Horse-court, Turn-
mill-street, widow of journeyman bootmaker, aged 45
years, diarrhoea 36 hours, cholera 19 hours. Defective
drainage. The court leads to a horse-slaughterer’s, and
is occupied by very poor people.”

“On August 27th, at 1 Hooper-street, female
servant, aged 23 years, cholera 14 hours. Was servant
in Ludgate-hill, where she was attacked about 3 o'clock
in the morning, and brought to Hooper-street ; where
she had been the day before, apparently in good health,
she had attended some of the family in cholera. Four
of the domestics were attacked — 2 died.”

“ On September 8th, at 6 Caroline-place,' Goswell-
street, wife of tailor, aged 37 years, cholera 25 hours.
This is a very close, ill-cleansed, and overcrowded
court ; there are 12 houses in it of 3 rooms each, one
over the other, which are occupied by separate families
— about 180 individuals. There are but 2 privies
common to the whole court, with a large cesspool,
which has been emptied twice with the machine ; there
is also a large slaughterhouse in this court, and many
pigs kept at the back of the houses.’

“ On September 23rd, at 22 Pear Tree-court, wife of
labourer, aged 43 years, cholera 20 hours. She was
engaged to lay out a person, the daughter of a watch-

184

Notes on Cholera

maker, who had died of the disease, and to wash the
clothes. Since then, a married daughter who attended
her during illness has been taken ill. She had an
infant at the breast, who was also attacked, and re-
moved to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.’’

15; 2. Clekkenwell ; Amwell. Pop. 13490. —
Choi. 17 ; Diarr. 17.

The west part of the parish of St. James, Clerkenwell,
bounded on the east by Rosamon and Amwell streets,
on the west by Hamilton-place, Lower-road, Warner-
street, &c., and on the north by the south side of Pen-
tonville-hill, &c.

First fatal case of cholera, July 13th, in Holford-
place ; the next succeeding case, August 14th. In the
month of September the epidemic increased in severity,
and carried oil’ 12 persons. The last case occurred
October 7th. Cholera and diarrhoea prevailed in the
following localities : — St. Helena-place, Exmouth-
street, Vineyard, court, and walk, Holford ■ street,
Amwell-street, Ann-street, &c. At No. 8 Ann-street,
4 deaths from cholera took place within a fortnight ;
the first attacked was a boy, 7 years of age, survived
13 hours. The subjoined cases, /fee., are selected from
the Registrar’s cholera reports: — ■

“ On August 14th, at 13 William-street, discharged
gunner in the artillery, aged 40 years, bilious diarrhoea,
collapse 5 days. The deceased was a confirmed
drunkard, and was intoxicated when attacked ; his
wife, supposing him to be merely suffering from the
effects of drink, did not. apply for medical aid for
several hours after.1’

“ On August 1 7th, at 42 Exmouth-street, house-
keeper in a linen-draper’s family, aged 63 years,
cholera 18 hours. The deceased was in health up to
the moment she was stricken. Medical assistance was
immediately procured.”

“On August 14th, at 16 Wood-street, bookbinder,
cholera 14 hours, diarrhoea 2 days. The drainage all
about this locality very bad.”

“ On August 14th, in the Middlesex House of Correc-
tion, prisoner, aged 26 years, cholera sudden (inquest).
The deceased was seized on his entrance into the Prison.
Medical treatment was had immediately. Out of
more than a thousand persons in the prison at this
time there was scarcely a sick person.”

“ On September 2nd, at 14 Exmouth-street, servant
of a jeweller, aged 16 years, cholera. The house in
which this girl died abuts on the Spa-fields bury-
ing-ground ; the window of the kitchen in which she
lived opens nearly upon the earth ; graves are allowed
to remain open all night, and the exhalations therefrom
are most offensive.”

“ On September 7th, at 3 Vine-court, wife of glass-
grinder, aged 35 years, cholera 20 hours. This death
took place within a few yards of Spa-fields burying-
ground. The space of ground now open for interment
is only 72 feet by 72, and from 15 to 30 persons are
buried in this space weekly 1”

15; 3. Clerkenwf.i.l ; rentonville. Pop. 9474.
- — Choi. 29 ; Diarr. ir.

This district includes the north part of Pentonville-
hi 11, from Battlebridge-road to the west side of High-
street, Islington, on the north bounded by Thorn-hill,
James-streef, &c.

A case of cholera proved fatal in 20 hours, on June
27th, at 12 Claremont-place ; 30 days then intervened
before the next death, which occurred on July 27th, at
2 M unt-court ; in the month of August the epidemic
prevailed with increased severity, and was fatal to 14
persons, in September to 12. The last death took place
September 26th, at 2 Panton-grove. In the same house,
a epmsier, aged 32 years, previously was attacked and
survived 11 hours, and on September 24th, a musician,

aged 5 7 years, died from cholera in the same house in
1 6 hours after 5 days’ neglected diarrhoea. In the
following localities cholera prevailed : Union-square,
Field-court, White Lion-street, Baker’ s-place, Win-
chester-street, &c.

The Registrar states, that “ in the house, 8 Union-
square, 4 cases of cholera have occurred ; 2 have died,

2 recovered, and 2 after leaving the house had cholera,
one died and one recovered ; the water-closet com-
municates with the house. In the next house 2 cases
of cholera have occurred, one died and one recovered ;

2 houses further oil’ a case of cholera was fatal in 7^
hours. A large cesspool is said to be in the centre
of the court, with an open draiu-and no trap to it;
the water the people drink comes within one yard of
the cesspool. The water-closets are full, having a
drain to carry oil' the overllowing into the above-
mentioned cesspool. In the whole of this division
of Pentonville there is no sewer, and large houses
with 20 to 30 inhabitants have only a barrel drain to
carry oil' the soil and other refuse ; the smell from the
drain and water-closets is intolerable, especially at night,
and almost every inhabitant of that court, and the courts
immediately behind it, have had cholera or diarrhoea.”

15; 4. Ci.erkenweli. ; Goswell Street. Pop.

14327. — Choi. 22 ; Diarr. 16.

This district is situated to the east of Amwell-street
and Rosamon-street, extending south from Claremont-
square to Percival-street., bounded on the east by the
west side of Coswell Street-road, &c. Cholera first
commenced June 21st, in St. John Street-road, then in
Gloucester-street on the 28th, and continued to prevail
in July, August, and September; the deaths were succes-
sively 3, 12, and 5. After September 16th the epidemic
ceased to be fatal. The following places were infected
by cholera: — Gloucester-street, St. John Street-road,
Spencer-place, Ashby-street, Middleton-place, Arling-
ton-street, &c. At 15 Whiskin-street, between the 4th
and 7th August, two deaths were recorded from cholera.

“On August 28th, at 6 Spencer-place, a widow of
a general dealer, aged 70 years, cholera 30 hours.
Her general habits were cleanly ; but she was lying on
a bed, the head of which was against a wall, saturated
with moisture from an adjoining privy or water-closet,
the stench from which was at times intolerable.’’

16; x. St. Luke; Old Street. Pop. 9841.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. 15.

Includes Goswell-street and road on the west, to
York-street and Brick-lane on the east, extending
north from Old-street to the City-road.

Cholera appeared July nth, and was fatal in 12
hours to a girl 8 years of age, at 6 Noble-street ; the
next case followed on the 19th. In August 2 persons
died, and in September, when the epidemic was more
severely felt, 9 persons were deprived of life, — the last
sufferer on (lie 25th, the widow of a labourer, aged 56
years, died in 24 hours, at 27 Peartree-street.

Cholera was fatal in the subjoined localities —
Noble-street, I Powell-street, West,

Macclesfield-street, North, | Charles-street, &c.

Diarrhoea was prevalent in July, August, and Sep-
tember.

On July nth, at 6 Noble-sheet, daughter of a
morocco-case maker, aged 8 years, “ Asiatic cho-
lera,' 12 hours ” (inquest). The Registrar states that
“ there are no drains on the side of the street where the
death occurred ; all refuse water is thrown in the kennel
in front of the houses, which are very densely inhabited.
The street adjoins the Bricklane gas-works.”

16; 2. St. Luke; City Road. Pop. 1471 1.

Choi. 56; Diarr. 26. .

185

in the Sub-Districts of London.

Bounded on the south by Old-street, on the west by
Brick-lane, York-street; the north-east includes the
City-road, St. Luke’s Hospital, &c.

The mortality was considerably augmented through
the prevalence of cholera in the months of August and
September. The epidemic was first fatal at 70 Brick-
lane, June 15th; next case, the 27th, in Rose-street;
in July 7 persons died, August 22, September 24, and
in October one, on the 5th, at 36 Bath-street, in the
last 10 days of August, and the first 10 days of Sep-
tember, cholera was most malignant; in this period 26
deaths were registered, and after September 22nd the
disease was nearly extinct. Diarrhoea prevailed
throughout the year, and was more especially fatal to
the very young and those advanced in years.

The following are places in which cholera pre-
vailed—

Brick-lane,

Bath-street and buildings,

Lirtle Mitchell-street,

Clarence street and place,

Waterloo-street,

Radnor-street,

Old-street,

On September 6th, at No. 26 Galway-street, a furrier
and his wife on the same day both died of cholera, the
first in 22 hours, and the wife in 14 hours after the attack.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar's
reports : —

“On August 13th, at 28 Ironmonger-street, daughter
of French polisher (deceased), journeyman, aged 15
years, cholera 10 hours. A long passage containing
9 or ro houses; a filthy place. The houses are very
confined at the back.”

“On August 13th, at 20 Waterloo-street, daughter
of journeyman butcher, diarrhoea 4 days. The drainage
in this street is very defective ; the houses are small
and badly ventilated.”

“On August 19th, at 12 Clarence-place, wife of
journeyman tooth-brush maker, aged 33 years, cholera
4 days. Small confined houses, with scarcely any
yard ; had attended a brother and sister attacked with
cholera.”

“On August 24th, at 25 Norman’s-buildings, wife
of journeyman watchmaker, aged 64 years, cholera 25
hours. Small confined house, in the immediate
neighbourhood of the gas works and churchyards.”

“ On August 26th, at 6 Radnor-street, journeyman
baker, aged 23 yeaVs, cholera 8 hours. Previous good
health ; had been working near Shoreditch church, in the
immediate neighbourhood of which cholera raged.”

“ On September 1st, at 7 Galway-street, daughter of
journeyman jeweller, cholera 12 hours. No sewer
down this street.”

“ In the same house, on September 6th, wife of
journeyman jeweller, aged 31 years, cholera 3 days.
Mother of the above.”

“On September 6th, at 26 Galway-street, wife of
journeyman furrier, aged 31 years, cholera 14 hours.”

“In the same house, and on the same day, husband
of the above, cholera 22 hours.”

“ On September 9th, at 1 7 Rose-street, son of labourer,
cholera 5 days. This child was removed from 1 Mac-
clesfield street, North, and 3 adults were removed from
this house into the workhouse at the same time; 2 since
dead.”

“On September 8th, at 17 Ratcl ffe-grove, wife of
ironmoulder, cholera 14 hours. Badly drained. 1 he
backs of houses in this court join the backs of houses
in Galway-street, where 4 fatal cases have occurred. ’

“At 53 Brick-lane, son of journeyman smith, aged 2
years, cholera 18 hours. The house is in a very dirty

state, facing the Gas Company’s works. There have
been several attacks and deaths of parties resident in
this house.”

“ On September 22nd, at 6 Page’s-place, John’s-row,
son of journeyman type-founder, cholera one week. A
court containing 6 small 2-roomed houses; very dump
and confined; 2 privies in the court common to all,
one within 4 feet of the door where this child died.
The smell is most offensive. Informant states that
nearly all the inmates have had diarrhoea. During
the 3 months ending September 30th, the births
occurring in the City of London Lying-in Hospital,
City-road, have decreased very much.”

16; 3. St. Luke; Whitecross Street. Pop. 12963.
— Choi. 66 ; Diarr. 35.

Situated on the south side of Old-street, extending
south to Fan-street and Beech-street, Barbican, &c.

The prevalence of cholera in the months of July,
August, and September, occasioned a great excess of
mortality. The deaths respectively were 10, 19, and
33. At 10 Red Lion-market, July 3rd, a fatal attack
was recorded, succeeded by another on the 13th, in 15
hours, a butcher, aged 30 years, at 22 Reform-place.
The epidemic considerably extended its virulence in
August, and attained its maximum severity on Septem-
ber 10th ; in the first 10 days of this month 22 persons
lost their lives. From the 15th, the cholera epidemic
nearly ceased. In October, 4 deaths are recorded,
the last on the 28th, at No. 10 Crown-court.

In many instances, those persons who were attacked
by cholera in the parish of St. Luke were afterwards
removed into the St. Luke’s Workhouse, situated in the
Hoxton New Town sub-district of St. Leonard’s, Shore-
ditch. The deaths in this workhouse numbered 64 from
cholera and 16 from diarrhoea, which were persons
removed from the 4 Registrars’ districts comprised
within the parish of St. Luke’s, and having no con-
nexion with the parish of St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch, in
which the Workhouse is situated.

Cholera was severely felt in the following streets and
neighbourhoods —

Reform-place,

Old-street,

Baltic-street and court,

White Lion-yard,

Playhouse-yard,

White Horse-court,

Several persons in this district, when seized with
cholera, were removed into St. Bartholomew’s Hospital,
where they subsequently died.

At No. 2 Reform-place, a butcher, aged 30 years, was
attacked by cholera ; death succeeded in 15 hours. In
4 days after, a porter’s wife perished from the epidemic.
In many instances the attack was sudden, and rapidly
terminated in death within a few hours. A few isolated
cases of diarrhoea were registered in the early part of
the year. In August and September this disease be-
came prevalent, and generally visited those localities
where cholera was most fatal. The majority of the
deaths from diarrhoea were, of the very young or of those
advanced in years, whilst from cholera persons of all
ages suffered indiscriminately.

16; 4. St. Luke; Finsbury. Pop. 12314.

Choi. 48 ; Diarr. 21.

Comprises the south-east part of the parish of St.
Luke, bounded on the north by Old-street, extending
on the west to Tabernacle- walk, Wilsou-street, &r.,
including l'insbury-square, Chiswell-street ; on the
south bounded by Ropemakers’-street, Finsbury-cir-
cus, &c.

First case, June 7th, a gentleman's wife, aged 23
years, died in 10 hours, at No. 6 Wil son-street; the

York-street,

New-street,
Mitchell-street,
Galway-street,
Green-court, Brick-lane,
& c.

| Gloucester-buildings,
Hartshorn-court,
George’s- buildings,
Golden-lane
Red Lion-market, &c.

186

Notes on Cholera

next case followed the nth July, fatal in 17 hours, at
ix Finsbury-street ; then on the 17th, 18th, &c.
During this month, 9 deaths ; increased to 24 in
August, and subsided to 14 in September, the last on
the 23rd, in 20 hours, in Blue Anchor-alley. The
epidemic was at its height on September 9th.

The following localities suffered from cholera, viz. —

Bunhi 11-row,
Tabernacle-row,
Staple's-court,
Bank’s-court,

I Featherstone-court,

J Blue Anchor-alley,

I Prince’s-buiklings,

| Twister’s-alley, &c.

On August 24th, at No. 7 Bank-court, a sawyer’s
wife, aged 46 years, died from cholera in 12 hours ;
and on the following day his son, aged 10 years, was
fatally attacked.

17; r. East London; St, Botolph. Pop. 20494.
— Choi. 101 ; Diarr. 24.

This Registrar’s district comprises the parishes of St.
Botolph, Aldgate, and Bishopsgate Without, forming
the north-east part of the city without the walls.

Cholera appeared in July, the first, fatal case the 6th,
at 171 Bishopsgate-street Without. A continued in-
crease was observed towards the end of this month ; in
August the epidemic prevailed extensively, and
increased until September 10th ; from July 6th to this
date, 84 persons were fatally attacked. From Sep-
tember 10th the epidemic gradually subsided, and in
the remaining part of this month but 12 deaths were
registered ; 4 in October, and one in November, a
labourer’s son, aged 9 years, survived the attack 12
hours, on November 2nd, at No. 12 Seven Step-alley,
Gravel-lane, Aldgate. On the last 1 1 days of August,
and during the first to days of September, the greatest
loss of life occurred ; in this period 39 persons died,
5 of this number in the Bishopsgate Workhouse. On
August 2 1st, the 2 children of a porter, at No. 38
Half Moon-street, Bishopsgate, died of cholera, in 9 and
12 hours respectively after the attack; the mother, in
the same house, on the 23rd, died in 12 hours, having
had diarrhoea on the 2 previous days ; one death from
cholera occurred at No. 35, another at No. 37, and
another at No. 39.

At No. ir Angel-alley, Bishopsgate Without, a
paper-stainer’s wife and a policeman’s wife were both
afflicted with the epidemic and died in the same house,
one on August 30th, the other on September 8th ; and
at No. 1, 3 fatal attacks commenced, one terminated
after removal into St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

In the East London, or St. Botolph’s workhouse for
females, in Dunning’s-alley, 31 died of cholera and 5
from diarrhoea, viz., in

Cholera.

Diarrhoea.

July . .

14

August

II

3

September

6

2

Total .

3i

5

The above were females, with the exception of 3
boys. The average number of in-door poor about 300.

At No. 14 Sparrow-corner, Minories, a smith, aged
46 years, and his two daughters, were all attacked by
cholera, and died between the 7th and 15th September.

At No. 5 Seven Step-alley, August 25th, alabourer’s
daughter died of cholera in 5 hours; on the following
day, in the same house, a labourer, aged 74 years,
survived the attack 9 hours. Two deaths also occurred
at No. 9 and also at No. 12.

The following are the localities in which the epidemic
principally prevailed —

Deaths.

Half Moon-street, Bishopsgate Without . . 8

Angel-alley , , , , . . 5

Seven Step-alley, Gravel-lane 8

Sparrow-corner, Minories 4

also in Farrer’s-rents, Thompson’ s-rents, Sweet Apple-
court, &c. &c.

From this Registrar’s district, 10 persons were
removed, after attacked by cholera, into St. Bartho-
lomew’s Hospital, where they subsequently died.

The subjoined notes, &c., are selected from the Re-
gistrar’s reports : —

“ On August r6th, at 10 Little George-street, Mino-
ries, Aldgate, mason, foreman at a builder’s, aged 61
years, cholera 10 hours. The house is cleansed and
ventilated ; the deceased lived there many years, but
has been much annoyed of late by the effluvia arising
from the manufacture of violin strings at the rear of
his house, which nuisance has since his death been
removed.”

“ On August 2 1st, at 38 Half Moon-street, Bishops-
gate, daughter of porter, cholera 9 hours. A sister of
the above, in the same house and on the same day, died
of cholera 12 hours. The house in which these 2
children died is very old and crowded, ill cleansed,
and, like the surrounding tenements, unfavourable to
health. The father states that they were in perfect
health on retiring to rest previous to the attack.”

“ In the same house on August 23rd, wife of porter,
diarrhoea 2 hours, cholera 12 hours. The deceased
was the mother of the above 2 children who died of
cholera. The evening previous to her death she
attended the burial of her children, and retired to rest
in apparent good health.”

“ On August 25th, at 81 Sun-street, Bishopsgate,
wife of milkman, aged 52 years, diarrhoea 10 hours,
cholera 11 hours. She had been attending on her son,
who was dangerously ill from cholera ; the son, in con-
sequence of the mother being attacked, was sent to St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital. House drained and cleansed.”

“ On August 26th, at 5 Seven Step-alley, Aldgate,
labourer, cholera 9 hours. The house is close and
unfavourable to health, the room in which the deceased
died is about 8 feet by 6, with 6 or 8 persons (adults)
living together; the wife was sent to Bartholomew’s
Hospital and died there ; last week a grandchild died
of cholera in the same room.”

“ On August 29th, at 16 Seven Step-alley, Gravel-
lane, Aldgate, son of charwoman, aged 6 years, diar-
rhoea, cholera 17 hours. Close, ill cleansed, and
unfavourable to health ; a locality in which there have
been many deaths from cholera within the last month.”

“On August 30th, at 11 Angel-alley, Bishopsgate,
wife of master paper-stainer, aged 33 years, cholera one
day. Crowded neighbourhood ; the house is now being
drained and cleansed, previously it was very offensive,
from the hot water and steam passing under it from a
distillery at the back.”

“ On September 7th, at 7 Sweet Apple-court, Bishops-
gate, wife of journeyman shoemaker, aged 57 years,
diarrhoea a few hours, cholera 17 bouts. House drained,
and not overcrowded. The deceased had been nursing
a friend ill of cholera in Tooley-street, and was brought
home ill.’’

“ On September 8th, at 11 Angel-alley, Bishopsgate,
wife of City policeman, aged 38 years, cholera 36
hours. Another death had previously occurred in
this house.”

“ On September loth, at 8 Three King-court,
Minories, wife of labourer, aged 64 years, diarrhoea
1 1 hours, cholera 1 1 hours. House close, and crowded

187

in the Sub-Districts of London.

neighbourhood ; there is only one privy for 9 houses,
situated against the back of the house in which the
deceased lived, the smell from which is most offensive.’’

“ On September 10th, at 5 Thompson’s-rents, Ha’lf
Moon-street, Bishopsgate, son of a journeyman brush-
maker, aged 9 years, diarrhoea 6 hours, cholera 30
hours. This is the third child of the same family, out
of the same house, that has died within 10 days.'’

_ “ On September 15th, at 14 Sparrow-corner, Mino-
ries, daughter of journeyman smith (deceased), diar-
rhoea, cholera. 1 tie death of the father was reported
on the 13th, and a sister on the 8th. The drain at the
back of the house still remains open ; and in conse-
quence of new cisterns being made, there has been a
very deficient supply of water for the last month.”

1 7! 2- East London; Crippleqate. Pop. 19161.—
Choi. 81; Diarr. 33.

This district is formed by the parishes of St Giles
Without, Cripplegate, and St. Botolph, Aldersgate,
extending westward from Little Moorfields, including
Aldersgate-street, &c.

Great mortality was occasioned by cholera in
August and September, namely 30 and 38 deaths
respectively. Diarrhoea was prevalent in June ; on the
3rd, at 5 Glover’s Hall-court, a painter’s daughter
aged 5 years, died of this disease ; on the 5th, her
brother, aged 12 years, in the same house, died of
cholera in 5 hours, from effects of accumulation of
noxious matter in the cellar of the house (inquest) ;
and in the same house, on June 6th, a tailor's daughter
died of diarrhoea, and in 4 days after, her brother was
seized with cholera and died ; also another death
from cholera occurred on August 30th, a smith, aged
36 years. In the month of June, 3 fatal cases of
cholera are recorded, in July 5, and October 5 ; the
last case on the 13th, at 26 Fore-street.

The epidemic rapidly spread after August 10th, and
attained its height on September 5th ; in this period 42
persons died ; it continued prevalent to September 18th,
it then declined and entirely ceased by October 13th.
From different parts of this district, 16 persons were
removed after attacked by cholera into St. Bar-
tholomew’s Hospital.

The following places are enumerated in which
cholera was prevalent, viz. —

Golden-lane,
Bridgwater-place and
gardens,
Smith’s-court,
Maidenhead-court,
Brackley-street,

Three Herring-court,
Hartshorn-court,
Collier’s-court,
Moor-lane,
Garter-lane, &c.

On July nth, at No. 12 Barbican, a clogmaker,
aged 27 years, survived an attack of cholera 22 hours,
in the same house, on the 13th, a hairdresser died in
20 hours, previously had diarrhoea 28 hours. At
No. 1 Moor-lane, the daughter of a turnkey died
from cholera in 9 hours; in 3 days after, in the
same house, a spinster, aged 67 years, was seized with
cholera, death succeeded in 21 hours. At No. 8 Col-
lier’s-court, the 3 children of a labourer died of cholera
from September 29th to October 2nd, likewise at
No. 1, 2 deaths are recorded from the epidemic; at
No. 6 May-square, 2 deaths are referred to cholera ; at
No. 8 Hartshorn-court also 2 deaths; and at. No. 11, 3
fatal cases, one terminated after admitted into St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Regis-
trar’s reports

“On August 15th, at 16 Bridgwater-place, Alders-
gate, son of a currier, diarrhoea 7 days, cholera 10 hours.
The house in which this case occurred contained a
family in each room. The drains had been stopped for

some time, and at night when the house was closed,
the stench arising therefrom was intolerable. One man
had been removed from this house to the hospital, and
died shortly after from an attack of cholera.”

“On August 15th, at 25 Golden-lane, master
butcher, aged 30 years, cholera 12 hours, diarrhoea 3
days. This person, who was of intemperate habits,
kept a shop for the sale of bullocks’ heads and cats’
meat, and had a number of rabbits in the cellar; the
refuse of animal matter also in the cellar was in a de-
composed state, and the effluvia arising therefrom was
very bad. Two other persons in this house were attacked
by cholera, but by timely assistance, recovered.”

“On August 23rd, at 3 Long-walk, cordwainer,
aged 68 years, cholera 20 hours. The drains from a
neighbouring court pass under the parlours of this
house, and the stench arising therefrom rendering the
place very unhealthy, so that the rooms on the ground
floor have been closed by the collector as uninhabitable ;
each of the remaining rooms contains a separate family.”
x 8 ; 1. West London; West London, North.
Pop. 12682. — Choi. 261 ; Diarr. 20.

includes the parishes of St. Bartholomew-the-Great
and St. Bartholomew-the-Less, and part of St. Sepul-
chre, Newgate ; extending east of Farringdon-street to
near Aldersgate-street, containing West Smithfield, St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital, &c.

Of the 261 deaths assigned to cholera, 198 took
place in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, thus leaving
63 for the other localities within this district. The
first case happened on June 17th, in Brazier’s-build-
ings, Farringdon-street; the last on September 20th,
at 32 Hosier-lane, Smithfield. In the West London
Union House, West-street, a death from cholera was
recorded on February 20th, next on June 7th; last
case September 20th. In St. Bartholomew's Hospital
a fatal case of cholera, in 17 hours, on Juue 17th,
next the 26th, in 12 hours, on the 27th, 4 fatal
cases were registered, the last death on October 15 th.
The average number of inmates is about 500. The
deaths by cholera in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
amount to about one-fourth of the entire number
registered within the boundaries or liberties of the
city of London ; and that of the deaths in the Hos-
pital, 11 in 20, were persons removed from the city,
and 9 in 20 from other paits of the metropolis, which
should be assigned to the respective localities in which
the attack commenced prior to removal into the Hos-
pital : it is also ascertained that 29 deaths only from
cholera, or 15 per cent, of those which occurred in St.
Bartholomew's Hospital, belong to the Begistrar’s district
in which the Hospital is situated, and that 41 per cent,
were transferred from the other districts of the city,
and 44 per cent, from other parts of the metropolis.

On July 27th, a Hospital nurse, aged 42 years,
died of cholera ; also in the Hospital, August 28th,
another nurse, aged 45 years. On each of the 4 fol-
lowing days 5 deaths were referred to cholera, viz.,
August 13th, 23rd, 27th, and September 12th. On
each of the 2 following days 6 deaths, viz., August
20th and September 2nd. The annexed table repre-
sents the sex, and the progress of cholera in St,
Bartholomew’s Hospital.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Total.

Men . .

4

24

3°

32

2

92

Women r .

2

18

28

20

3

7r

Children .

3

7

I I

12

2

35

Total . .

9

49

69

64

7

198

Notes on Cholera

188

Of the 198 cases of cholera, no were of persons
removed from places within the boundaries or liberties
of the City during'the attack, whilst 88 persons were
removed from other parts of the metropolis to the
Hospital, where they subsequently died, — the propor-

tion is thus : —

Residing within the City boundaries, 56 percent.

, , in other parts of London, 44 per cent.

The subjoined neighbourhoods show the residences,
not within the City, of 88 persons prior to admission
into St. Bartholomew's Hospital, viz. —

Gray’s Inn-lane and Leather-lane . . 16

Clerkenwell and Saffron-hill .... 8

Cow Cross-street and adjacent courts, &c. 9

St. Luke’s, Old-street, Brick-lane, &c. . n

Shoreditch 8

Bethnal-green 5

Blackfriars

and others from Pentonville, Islington, Spitalfields,
Westminster, Lambeth, Finsbury, &c.

The deaths from cholera in the West London Union-
house numbered 12, and from diarrhoea 5 ; the number
of pauper inmates is about 450. Two persons, during
an attack of cholera, were removed from the Union-
house in West-street, and died after admission into
St. Barthomew’s Hospital.

The proportion of the sexes, and the comparative loss
of life by cholera in 3 periods of age, is illustrated in
the annexed table: —

Deaths from Cholera.

Age.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

23

25

48

15 years to 60 years .

97

85

182

60 years and upwards

17

H

31

Total . . .

137

124

261

I11 the following localities the epidemic principally
prevailed, viz. — •

Sea-coal-lane,

Cock -lane,

Elliot-court, Old Bailey,
Long-lane,

King-street,

Hosier-lane,

Cloth-fair,
Bartholomew’s-close,
Fox and Knott-court,
&c. &c.

On August 15th, at No. 3 St. John's-court, West-
street, a hawker's daughter died of cholera in 9 hours;
on the 16th, in the same house, her mother also died in
36 hours. The 2 daughters of a smith were fatally
attacked by cholera, at No. 11 Cloth-fair, on August
23rd and 26th.

In the following houses 2 deaths from the epidemic
occurred, viz., at

No. 58 Skinner-street, Snow-hill,
No. 26 Sea-coal-lane,

No. 10 Cock-lane, Snow-hill.

At No. 2 Bull’s Head-court, King-street, 3 persons
were fatally attacked by cholera; one case terminated
after removal into St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Four fatal
cases of cholera commenced at No. 13 Sea-coal-lane,
and 2 terminated after admission into St. Bartholo-
mew’s Hospital.

18; 2. West London; West London, South. —
Pop. 16460. — Choi. 168 ; Diarr. 43.

This district extends west of Blackfriars-bridge to
Middle Temple-lane, exclusive of the precinct of

Whitefriars ; bounded on the north by Ilolborn, from
Staples Inn to Holborn-bridge inclusive ; continuing on
the west side of Farringdon-street, New Bridge-street,
including a part of Ludgate hill, &c., and formed
by the parishes of St. Bride, St. Dunstan in the West,
and part of St. Andrew, Holborn, with the precinct of
Bridewell, &c.

Cholera prevailed extensively in the parishes of
St. Bride and St. Dunstan in the West, and St.
Andrew, Holborn, during the months of June, July,
August, and September ; the deaths successively were
19, 47, 63, and 37. Between August 12th and Sep-
tember 1 2th, 81 persons were deprived of life; the
greatest mortality from the epidemic was observed in
the last 5 days of August, in this period 25 persons
died, averaging from 4 to 6 daily ; after September
13th, the virulence of the epidemic abated, and
entirely ceased on October 3rd. On May 4th, at 112
Chancery-lane, the first fatal case ; the next followed
June 8th, at 43 Primrose-hill, St. Bride’s ; then cn
the 12th, 1 8th, &c., and rapidly spread after the 36th,
extending over the parish of St. Bride’s, Fleet-street,
and surrounding districts.

The following localities were the principal seats of
the epidemic, viz. —

Shoe-lane 8 Deaths.

St. Dunstan’s-court .... 6 , ,

Harp-alley, St. Bride .... 8 , ,

Plum Tree-court, Fleet-street .XI ,,

Poppins-court . . . • .12 , ,

Hanging Sword-alley . . .10 , ,

Ludgate-hill 8 , ,

Primrose-hill, Salisbury-square . 4 ,,

Bride-lane 5 , ,

Fleet-street 16 ,,

Fetter-lane 8 , ,

Farringdon-street . . . .11 ,,

of which 10 occurred on the west side.

36 persons during an attack of cholera were re-
moved from some of the above localities, and died
after admission into St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and
there registered, which, if added to the 168 deaths from
cholera, increases the number to 204. During the
months of July, August, and September, in every 9
deaths, 5 were assigned to cholera, and 4 to some other
disease.

The annexed table" represents the sex and the
mortality from cholera in 3 periods of life : —

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .
15 years to 60 years .

60 years and upwards .

Total .

8

47

7

11

81

14

19

128

21

62

106

l68

On July 28th, at No. 2 a Hanging Sword-alley, St.
Bride’s, a scavenger’s wife and child died on the same
day from cholera ; and in the same house, on the 30th,
a female, aged 56 years, died of the same disease.

At No. 8 St. Dunstan’s-court, 4. fatal attacks of
cholera commenced, 2 terminated after removal to
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; at 29 Poppins-court, 3
deaths are recorded ; and 3 also at 7 Salisbury-square,
St. Bride’s.

In each of the following houses, 2 fatal cases of

189

in the Sub-Districts of London.

cholera occurred, or terminated after admission into
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital —

No. 19 Primrose-hill,

,, 3 Shoe-lane,

„ 20 & 2r Harp-alley,

„ 22 Poppins-court,

„ 100, 104, 147, & 152
Fleet-street,

No. 45 Ludgate-hill,

„ 94 Fetter-lane,

„ 20, it, & 2 Plum
Tree-court,

„ 13 Black Horse-court.

Diarrhoea was prevalent in a malignant, form in
July, August, and September ; in these months the
deaths respectively were 7, 9, and 15, &c.

Total

Men. Women. Boys. Girls. Diarrhoea.
8 14 13 8 43

With reference to the trades and occupation of those
afflicted by cholera, it appeared the labourers, porters,
and mechanics, with their families, were the greatest
sufferers.

19; 1. London City ; London City South West.
— Pop. 8839. — Choi, 97 ; Diarr. 21.

This district extends east of Blackfriars-bridge to
Trig-lane, and on the north includes the Cathedral
of St. Paul; continuing on the east side of New Bridge-
street to Blackfriars-bridge, and includes the precinct
of Whitefriars.

The inhabitants suffered severely from cholera ; the
attacks in the majority of cases were sudden and of
short duration. The first case terminated in 48 hours,
June 26th, at No. 5 Crescent, Blackfriars; the next in
24 hours, on the 29th, at No. 4 Pilgrim-street ; on the
28th 2 deaths, on the 29th 4. In July the mortality
rose to 32, and attained its height August 28th; in this
month there were 32 deaths, and declined to 24 in
September; after September 27th, the epidemic ap-
peared to have ceased ; a solitary case occurred
November 25th, at 9 Printing-house-lane, described as
the wife of a smith, aged 27 years, debility after 2
attacks from cholera.

In the following localities the epidemic prevailed,
namely —

Ashen Tree-court, White-
friars,

Evangelist-court,

Pleydel-court,

Water-lane, Blackfriars,
Shoemaker-row,

Huish-court,
Temple-lane,
New-street, Blackfriars,
Printing-house-lane,
Glasshouse-yard,
Whitefriars-street, &c.

Seven fatal cases of cholera commenced in the above
neighbourhoods, and terminated after admission into
the hospital of St. Bartholomew, which are not
included in the 97 deaths from cholera that occurred
in this district. Four attacks of cholera commenced
at No. 7 New-street, St. Andrew’s-hill, 2 were sent to
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and there died ; and 3
deaths from the epidemic took place at No. 3 Printing-
house-lane, and 2 fatal cases happened in each of the
following houses —

No. 28 Water-lane,

„ 3 Ashen Tree-court,

„ 3 Broadway, Ludgate-hill,

,, 32 Whitefriars-street, &c.

On August 26th, a cabdriver died, after an attack of
cholera, at No. 2 Pleydel-court, Whitefriars ; in the
same house, on September 6th, his wife died of diar-
rhoea, and on the 13th, a spinster, aged 20 years, in 26
hours, and also on the 30th, a basket-maker's son died
of diarrhoea, making 4 deaths in the same house in a
little more than a month. In July, August, and
September, the deaths from cholera numbered 88,
whilst from all other causes of death but 54, or in

every 3 deaths 2 were assigned to cholera ; for the same
period, 142 deaths were registered against 66 births.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 14th, at 36 Water-lane, a hairdresser's
wife, aged 47 years, cholera 72 hours. Deceased was
debilitated by over anxiety and long continued
lactation. Nursed her child 3 years.”

“ On August 23rd, at 1 Phoenix Wharf, White-
friars, wife of journeyman printer, aged 30 years,
cholera 24 hours. This joins a lay-stall, where all
kinds of tilth is emptied by scavengers, &c. It is one
of the 3 City lay-stalls that wants removing from the
metropolis.”

“ On August 29th, at 3 Printing-house-lane, Black-
friars, widow of journeyman bricklayer, aged 44 years,
cholera 12 hours. The husband of this woman was
brought from Bushey, dead, August 23rd, of cholera.”

“ In the same house, on August 30th, son of
journeyman bricklayer, cholera 24 hours. This is a
grandchild of the above.”

19; 2. London City; London City North West.
— Pop. 12427. — Choi. 18 ; Diarr. 9.

Includes, on the south, Ludgate-street, Paternoster-
row, and north side of Cheapside ; on the east, Old
Jewry and Basinghall-street ; on the north, London
Wall; and on the north-west, Newgate, &c.

In this district, although nearly in the centre of the
metropolis, cholera but slightly prevailed: the first
case occurred June 28th, in 15 hours, at No. 5 St.
Martin’s-court, Ludgate-hill ; next in Basinghall-
street, July 19th, in 12 hours, and on September
26th, the last case recorded terminated in 13 hours,
in Bird-court, Philip-lane : it prevailed also in —

Ludgate-street,

St. Martin’s-court,
Ludgate-hill,

Pru jean-square, Old
Bailey,

Winchester-court, &c.

Three persons were removed to St. Bartholomew’s
Hospital during an attack of cholera, and there died.

The following notes are taken from the Registrar’s
cholera reports : —

“ On August 30th, at 6 St. Martin’s-court, Lud-
gate-hill, spinster, schoolmistress, aged 53 years,
cholera 3 days. The deceased came from Farwig,
near Bromley, Kent, on August 25th, to spend a
few days with her friends, and was taken ill the following
day. Nothing objectionable to this house, with the
exception of there being no windows at the back.”

“ On September 7th, at 5 Prujean-square, Old
Bailey, wife of porter at a tavern, aged 38 years, cholera
12 hours. The informant states, that the smell from
the privy has been very bad during the whole summer.
The deceased had 2 or 3 attacks before the present fatal
one, had been washing the day previous to her death
in the cellar, which is very damp, and smells offen-
sively.”

“ On September 9th, at 3 Holiday-yard, wife of
scavenger, aged 76 years, cholera 24 hours. A short
time ago complaints were made from most of the houses
in the yard respecting the privies, which have at times
overflown: a sewer has since been made to communi-
cate with the houses.”

19; 3. London City; London City South. Pop.
11954. — Choi. 31; Diarr. 3.

Bounded on the south by the river Thames, from
Trig-lane, continuing east to Swan-lane, including on
the north Cornhill, Poultry, and the south side of
Cheapside.

Cholera commenced in Hatchet-court, Little Trinity-
lane, July 15th : next on the 17th, 19th, &c. By the
end of the month 5 deaths, in August 10, and in Sep-
tember 16 ; the last recorded case, the 24th, at No. 2

190

Notes on Cholera

Rennet’s Wharf-lane,
in —

U pper Thames-street,
Greenhithe,

Salter’s Hall-court,
Cannon-street,

The epidemic was prevalent

IBrook’s-yard,

Trig-lane,

ILambeth-hill,

Hatchet-court, &c., &c.

Three persons in this district, after being attacked
by cholera, were removed to St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
ill which district their deaths were subsequently regis-
tered. At No. 2 Brook-yard, September 12th, a
labourer’s daughter died of cholera in 18 hours ; subse-
quently in the same house, on the 15th, her brother and
sister died of cholera in 9 and 12 hours’ illness from
the commencement to the termination.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports, &c. : —

“ On August 20th, at 172 Upper Thames-street,
son of tailor, aged 10 years, cholera 12 hours. No
complaint of house or water. Went with his father to
see his uncle, at the Cholera Hospital, taken bad as
soon as he came back, and died in 12 hours.”

“ In the same house, on August 24th, wife of
tailor, aged 42 years, cholera one day. Mother of the
boy above.”

“ On August 2 1st, at Brooks’-yard, Upper
Thames-street, daughter of dairyman, aged 6 years,
cholera 9 hours. No complaint of drains or water : it
is a long narrow place, leading to Brooks’-wharf, close
to the Thames.”

“ On September 9th, at 5 Crown-court, Great
Trinity-lane, son of flour porter, aged 10 years, cholera
12 hours. A narrow court; the drains do not go into
the sewer.”

19; 4. London Citv ; London City South East.
Pop. 10597.— Choi. 26; Diarr. 6.

The boundary of this district on the south is the
river Thames, from Swan-lane to the Tower-dock ; on
the north including Fenchurch-street, and part of
Gracechurch, Leadenhall, Lime, and Jewry streets,
&c.

At 1 ro Fenchurch-street, July nth, a wine-merchant
died of cholera; on the same day, at No. 7 Mercer’s-
court, St. Mary-at-Hill, the son of a labourer, lived
1 3 hours after the attack, in the same house, the mother
of this child, on the 18th, survived an attack of cholera
16 hours; 15 deaths from the epidemic were registered
in August, and 6 in September, the last on the 17th.
The subjoined localities also suffered from the epidemic,
viz. —

Pudding-lane,

Miles-lane,

Swan-lane,

Love-lane, Eastcheap,

Lower Thomas-street,
Fish Street-hill,
Fox-court, Milts-lane,
Meeting House-court, &c.

and in a steam-vessel ly ing off the Custom-house quay,
one fatal case of cholera was recorded. In the months
of July, August, and September, the deaths from all
causes numbered 78, whilst the births registered did
not exceed 58, in the proportion of tr births to 14
deaths; and in every 14 deaths in this period, 5 were
assigned to cholera and 9 to some other cause of disease.
Three persons, after they were attacked by cholera, w ere
removed into St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and there
their deaths were subsequently registered.

“ On September 17th, at 6 Priest-alley, Great Tower-
stieet, wife of labourer, aged 3 1 years, cholera 36 hours.
The house in which this death took place is rendered
very unhealthy by the bad smells arising from the cess-
pool or privy in the house. Her husband and her little
iiov, aged about 7 years, were both taken ill with
cholera, and removed to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
without hope of recovery. Another family residing in
the same house was compelled to move out; 2 deaths

occurred at the “Duke's Head” public-house, in the
same court, from cholera, one on the 6th and the other
on the 24th of August.”

“ On September 3rd, at 2 1 Love-lane, Lower Thames-
street, daughter of labourer, aged 14 years, cholera 10
hours. This female was out at service, and was brought
home ill, and died in a few hours.”

“ In the same house, on September 7th, a labourer,
aged 54, years, cholera 12 hours, father of the above.”
r 9 ; 5- London City; London City North East.
Pop. 12103. — Choi. 35; Diarr. 8.

This district on the north includes Finsbury-circus,
Wormwood-street, Camomile- street, &c.; on the south,
Leadenhall-street, Aldgate, Lothbury, and the Bank of
England ; on the west Coleman-street, &c.

The first, and only fatal case of cholera in July
occurred the 27th, at No. 28 New Broad-street, dura-
tion of attack 13 hours, premonitory diarrhoea 2 or 3
days ; the next case followed on August 12th, at No, 8
Brown’s-buildings, St. Mary Axe ; the epidemic from
this date continued to spread, on the 23rd the greatest
mortality occurred; in this month 23 persons were de-
prived of life, in September 10, and October one, last
on the 6th ; at 4 Longthorne-coui t. Bell alley, the widow
of a waiter, aged 52 years, survived the attack 24 hours.
Between August 12th and September 17th, both in-
clusive, 33 had fallen victims to the cholera epidemic,
which prevailed in the subjoined localities, viz. —

Pea Hen-court. I Little Swan-alley, L011-

St. Helen's-place, | don Wall,

Brown’s-buildings, St. I Sun-court, Bell-alley,

Mary Axe, | Mulberry-court, &c.

Three deaths from cholera in the same family took
place at No. 8r Bishopsgate-street Within, 2 at No 15
and No. 5 Pea Hen-court, and 2 at No. 12 St. Helen’s-
place

“ On August 29th, at 42 Old Broad-street, master
grocer and tea dealer, aged 58 years, cholera and conges-
tion of the brain. The wife of the deceased died in
the previous week, and the person who attended her
at her death died three days after her.”

LONDON. — East Districts.

MIDDLESEX (Part of).

20; 1. Shoreditch; Holywell. Pop. 16722. —
Clnd. 223 ; Diarr. 37.

Constitutes the south-east part of the parish of St. Leo-
nard, bounded on the south by Finsbury-circus; on the
west by Wilson-street and part of the Curtain-road ; on
the east by Shoreditch, High-street, Long-alley, &c. ;
and on the north by Bateman -street, kc.

Two fatal cases of cholera were recorded in May and
6 in July ; in the first 12 days of August 11 deaths,
during the remainder of the month 129 : in September
7 r, in Octuber 4, the last recorded on the 12th, in
Holywell-placc. The epidemic was at its height in
the middle of August, made considerable progress after
the 1 2th, and continued with great severity to Septem-
ber 8th. During this period 159 persons died. Choleia
was less fatal towards the end of the month, and entirely
ceased in October. In 5 days, viz., on the 21st to the
25th August, both inclusive, 49 deaths were ascribed to
cholera.

Deaths from Cholera.

Men . .60

Women . . . . .88

Children . . . . .75

223

191

in the Sub- Districts of London.

Tradesmen, mechanics, and their families were the
principal sufferers from cholera residing in —

Holywell-lane and place,
Whitecross-place,
High-street, Shoreditch,
Bounty-street and place,
Long-alley,

New Inn-street, yard, and
square,

Jane Shore-court,
Curtain-road,
Clifton-street, &c. &c.

On July 20th, 2 adults died from cholera at 39
Whitecross-place, the duration of illness in each case
12 hours; in the same house another victim to the
epidemic on the 23rd, and another on September 8th,
and also on September 9th, making 5 deaths from
cholera in this house.

At No. 33 Christopher-square, Long-alley, 3 deaths
from cholera occurred between September 3rd and 4th.
In each of the following houses 2 deaths or more from
cholera are recorded, viz., at —

32 Clifton-street,

2 Rumball’s-buildings,
16 Reliance-square,

60 High-street,

4 Crooked Billet-court,

12 Holywell-lane,

4 Holywell-place,
4York-place, Broadway,
it & 14 New Inn yard.

Of the 37 deaths from diarrhoea, 29 were children.
The annexed description of cases and localities are
selected from the Registrar’s reports: —

“On May 2nd, at 12 Holywell-lane, a bookbinder’s
son, aged 6 years, Asiatic cholera 93 hours; 26 persons
lived in this house, of whom 8 slept in the garret in
which the child died. Attributed to extreme poverty,
bad ventilation, and noxious effluvia arising from the
gorged state of the cesspools. Another child has since
died of cholera in the same room.”

“ On August 27th, at 4 Jane Shore-court, labourer,
aged 44 years, cholera 48 hours. A filthy, dirty place,
inhabited by the lower order of Irish.

“On September 18th at 1 Ann’s-place, Boundary-
street, Shoreditch, spinster, aged 50 years, cholera 6
days. The premises of a tripe and dogs’ meat boiler
in contact with this house; very offensive.”

20; 2. Shoreditch; St. Leonard. Pop. 17976.
— Choi. 202 ; Diarr. 42.

Bounded on the east by part of the Curtain-road
and Hackney-road ; south by Bateman-street, part of
Worship and Castle-street ; on the north by Hunting-
don and Thomas-street and part of Old Street-road ; on
the west, by part of Horton-road, &c.

Fourteen deaths from cholera occurred in the“ Refuge
for the Destitute,” from February 15 th to the 29th, and 3
in other parts of the district. On March 1st one fatal
case in Hoxton-square ; from this period to July 19th
the epidemic ceased, but again reappeared at this date
in French-alley, Shoreditch ; by the end of the month
5 deaths occurred ; in August 92, in September 65,
and in October 21; the last on the 28th at Hoxton
House Lunatic Asylum. The epidemic suddenly
increased in severity on August 13th and continued
with little abatement to October 7th ; on August 24th
to the 28th the epidemic was at its height, on the 25th
9 persons died : the proportion of the sexes was 69
males, 133 females.

The great excess of women who died of cholera as com-
pared with men, in some degree arose from the female
mortality in the “ Refuge for the Destitute,” and also
in the Hoxton House Lunatic Asylum, in those
institutions, of 35 deaths, 33 were of females. In the
above Lunatic Asylum the first fatal case of cholera oc-
curred September nth,anditprevailedtoOctober 28th;
in this period 21 deaths from cholera and one from
diarrhoea; the following streets, &c., likewise suffered
from the epidemic —

Union-buildings and
walk,

Norfolk-street, place, and
gardens,

Paul-street,

High-street,

Bateman ’s-row,

Curtain-road,
Willow-street, walk, and
gardens,

Huntingdon -street,
Crooked Billet-yard,
Guy's-buildings, Kings-
land-road, &c.

At No. 7 Willow-gardens, August 26th, a prin-
ter’s wife died of cholera in 8 hours, and the widow
of a brushmaker in 18 hours; and at No. 2 Charles-
street, Curtain-road, two persons died, the one 'in 12
and the other in 14 hours after the attack ; also

2 deaths from cholera at No. 10 Bateman’s-row. D iar-
rhcea was prevalent throughout the year ; in 42 deaths,
7 were adults and the rest children. The Registrar,
in his reports, describes the localities and cases.

On February 15th, the two following cases occurred
in the Female Refuge for the Destitute : —

“A female servant, aged 19 years, diarrhoea 48 hours,
cholera 74 hours; a female servant, aged 17 years,
cholera 14 hours.”

“The above deaths occurred near the rear of the
building. The whole of the houses in that locality are
badly drained, and the cesspools overflow. The girls
had, at a former time, led irregular lives, but had been
inmates of the institution — the former for nearly five
months, and the latter for more than a year. Every
attention had been paid to cleanliness, diet, and other
comforts.”

“On August 13th, at 2 Crooked Billet-yard, Kings-
land-road, wife of hawker, cholera 12 hours. A place
filled with dirt, and the most extreme of poverty and
wretchedness.”

“ On August 12, at 153 High-street, wife of master
brushmaker, cholera 10 hours. In the rear of this house
is a slaughterhouse, and a very filthy court, of mise-
rable hovels with wretched inhabitants, all in a bad
state from dirt and effluvia.”

“ On August 24th, at 9 Pear Tree-court, charwoman,
cholera 19 hours. Very dirty and poor, being in-
habited by the lowest class of costermongers and sellers
of water cresses.”

“ On August 23rd, at 7 Kingsland-road, carver and
gilder, cholera 6 hours. The deceased has been a very
hard drinker for several years past, up to the time of
his death.”

“ On August 29th, at 4 Alder’s-court, Curtain-
road, dustman, aged 45 years, cholera 18 hours. Very
badly drained and unhealthy.”

“On August 30th, at 15 Willow-walk, Curtain-
road, daughter of a cabinet maker, cholera 9 hours.
In the same house, sister of the above, cholera 24 hours ;
brother of the above, cholera and effusion on the brain,

3 days. The whole of this densely-populated locality
has suffered severely from the epidemic. The principal
cause appearsto be bad drainage, over population, and
poor occupants, with small houses let in tenements.”

“On September 11th, at 2 White Bear-gardens,
Kingsland-road, wife of labourer, cholera 26 hours.
In the same house, on September 12th, son of the above,
cholera 25 hours. A very poor, damp, ill-drained,
and wretched locality.”

“On September 29th, at 4 Phipp-street, Holywell-
mount, painter, aged 46 years, cholera 12 hours. A
very damp and ill-drained locality, and over populated
with very poor inhabitants.”

“On October 1st, at 3 John’s-place, Old Street-road,
son of costermonger, cholera 36 hours. No drainage,
and otherwise damp ; place very closely populated by
the poorest.”

20; 3. Shoreditch; Hoxton New Town. Pop.
1 3 75 1. — Choi. 125; Diarr. 40.

Comprises the north-west part of the parish of St.

192

Notes on Cholera

Leonard, Shoreditch, bounded on the north by the
Regent’s Canal, on the east by the New North-road,
on the south by part of Old Street-road, and on the
west by part of the City-road, Canal Basin, &c.

Cholera became fatal on June 29th, next case on
July 14th, in Shaftesbury-street ; during this month, 11
deaths ; the epidemic increased in August, prevailed in
September, and ceased in October, in which months
the deaths successively were 36, 69, and 8. In the St.
Luke’s workhouse, cholera was fatal, during the same
periods, to 7, 47, and 7, respectively, in addition to 16
deaths from diarrhoea; all were of persons removed
into the Workhouse from the parish of St. Luke, and
not living in this district or in the parish of St. Leonard,
Shoreditch. The last fatal case of cholera on October
16th, at Walbrook-place : the epidemic prevailed in —

Union-street, I Walbrook-place,

Britannia-street, | Plumber-street,

Edward-street, 1 Money ers- street, &c.

Chatham-gardens, j

On September 5th, 6 persons died of cholera in St.
Luke's Workhouse, and from the 1st to the 14th, both
inclusive, 33 persons were deprived of life belonging
to the parish of St. Luke’s. Two deaths from the
epidemic were registered at 21 Edward-street, 2 at 10
Bristowe-street, and 2 at 1 Union-street.

The following cases are from the Registrar’s re-
ports : —

“On September 7th, at 26 Plumber-street, son of a
furrier, cholera 6 hours. This child was prematurely
born, the mother showed strong symptoms of cholera
before her confinement.”

“ On October 14th, in St. Luke’s workhouse, wife of
a labourer (deceased), aged 38 years, cholera 8 days,
typhus 3 days. Brought from 1 Warwick-place,
Whitecross-street, St Luke’s. The husband, aged 34,
and a daughter, aged 5 years, both died of cholera.”

20 ; 4. Shoreditch ; Hnxton Old Town. Pop.
13994. — Choi. 36 ; Diarr. 19.

Bounded on the west by the New North-road and
Pitfield-street, on the east by Hoxtou-road, on the south
by part of Old Street-road, extending north to the
Regent’s Canal.

The first recorded case of cholera January 28th ; in
the month of May I, July 5, August 14, Sep-
tember 15 ; the last occurred on the 30th, at Salis-
bnrv-street, the wife of a labourer, aged 41 years,
cholera 13 hours’ duration.

The epidemic was fatal in —

Bridport-place,
Canning-terrace,
Hoxton-market,
Little John-street,

Upper John-street,
Boot-street,
Aske-slreef,
Francis-street, &c.

At No. 2 Whitmore-street, on August 25 th and 26th,
a carman and his daughter died of cholera. The
deaths from diarrhoea, with 4 exceptions, were all of
children.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar ’s
reports : —

“ On July 23rd, at 15 Bridport-place, commercial
clerk, aged 65 years, cholera to hours.”

“ In front of Bridport-place there is a brickfield, sur-
rounded by a ditch of stagnant water, into which some
privies used by the brickmakers empty themselves.
The inhabitants of this neighbourhood have for a long
time complained of the offensive effluvia arising from
this cause, and consider it highly prejudicial to their
health. The drainage of the locality is generally bad,
being mostly superficial.”

“On August 31st, at 2 Pimlico-walk, wife of a
carman, exhaustion from cholera 5 days, 30 minutes

after delivery, child still-born. Drainage bad, the
houses small and crowded.”

“ On September 4th, at 2 Sun-row, son of a carman,
cholera 10 hours. This locality consists of small
houses, and the drainage is bad, being mostly super-
ficial.”

“ In the same house, on September 6th, daughter of
carman, cholera 24 hours.”

“ On September 6th, at 3 Garden-court, Hoxton-
market, son of a labourer, diarrhoea 7 weeks. This is
a dirty court, very crowded, badly ventilated, and the
drainage is bad.”

“On September 9th, at 19 Boot-street, Hoxton-
market, daughter of turner, cholera 7 days. This
street is dirty, ill-cleansed, and densely crowded with
inhabitants ; the drainage is also very bad.”

“ In the same house, on September loth, 'son of
turner, cholera 8 days, brother and sister.”

“On September nth, at 19 Crown-street, wife of
wood-carver, aged 49 years, cholera 8 days. This is a
narrow street, densely populated. The cesspools, being
within a few feet of the backs of the houses, cause a
most offensive smell, and very injurious to the health
of the inhabitants.”

20; 5. Shoreditch; Hagger stone West.

Pop. 12013. — Choi. 174; Diarr. 36.

This district is bounded on the south by Huntingdon-
street, Thomas-street, &c. ; on the west by the Hoxton-
road ; on the north as far as the canal and Kingsland-
crescent ; and on the east by Wey mouth-terrace, &c.

The deaths of 91 males and 83 females took place
from cholera, which was very prevalent in the months
of August and September, when the deaths were 102
and 58 respectively. In July, 10 fatal cases, and in
October, 3. A single case was recorded on January
3 1st ; one in July, the next fatal attack occurred on the
10th, at No. 10 Hertford-street ; in this house, by the
1 6th, a compositor and 3 children died, and at No. 8
a plasterer and his wife on the 14th and the 21st.
About August 13th, a great increase of cholera was
perceptible; on the 20th the mortality was highest, and
prevailed with great severity to September nth; a
considerable decrease subsequently followed, and on
October 24th, the last case was recorded in the Shore-
ditch Workhouse. The deaths in the Workhouse from
cholera amounted to 103 and from diarrhoea 13, which,
if deducted from the number registered in this district,
leave 71 cholera, and 23 diarrhoea; each of the 6 sub-
districts formed within the parish of St. Leonard’s con-
tributed more or less to the above number of fatal cases
recorded in the Workhouse, where the epidemic was most
severe ; thus on one day, August 20th, 7 persons were
victims to this disease, on the following day 5, and in 12
days, from the 20th to the 31st August, 27 deaths were
recorded from cholera alone. The subjoined table
shows the progress of the epidemic in Shoreditch Work-
house — the number of indoor paupers about 800.

Deaths from

Cholera in Shoreditch Workhouse.

1 1

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Total.

Males . . . .

1

32

13

2

48

Females . • .

30

25

55

Men and women .

I

53

31

2

87 1

Children under 15 .

••

9

7

••

16

Total . .

I

62

38

2

103

ill the Sub-Districts of London.

193

After 6 fatal cases of diarrhoea in the above Work-
house, the first case of cholera terminated in io hours,
on July 31st, the last on October 24th. Labourers,
cabinet-makers, shoemakers, mechanics, &c., with their
families, were sufferers to a great extent from cholera —
principally resident in

Hertford-street,
Windmill-street,
Canal-road,
Whitmore-road, Shore-
ditch,

Ely-street, and place,

James-street,
Wilmer-gardens, Kings-
land-road,

Mary-streef, Shoreditch,
Queen’s Head-walk,
Mill-row, &c.

At No. 5 and No. 3 Windmill-square, in each of
those houses 2 persons died of cholera. At No. 7
William -street, a packer, aged 31 years, died of cholera
in 12 hours, and in 4 days after, his son also died.
The 2 daughters of a labourer, aged 7 and 8 years, died
of the epidemic on September 5th, after attacks of 15
and 20 hours respectively, at 53 Essex-street.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 16th, at 10 Hertford-street, son of a
compositor, aged 9 years, cholera 10 hours. This
is the fourth victim in the same house and same
family. This street is without drainage of any kind,
not even to carry off the surface water ; this, added
to the intemperate habits of the father and filthy state
of the house, would be quite sufficient to engender
disease.”

“ On August 10th, at 5 Windmill-square, Canal-
road, widow of tailor, aged 63 years, cholera 29 hours.
Windmill-square is composed of eight small huts or
cottages, forming two sides, four on each, containing
two rooms on the ground, without any drainage.”

“On August 13th, at 3 Windmill-square, Canal-
road, wife of journeyman) cabinet-maker, aged 34
years, cholera 18 hours. All the rooms on the ground ;
very damp ; privies close to the doors, aud no
drainage whatever. In the same house, on the same
day, a daughter of the above, aged 9 years, cholera 3
days.”

“ On August 14th, at 13 York-row, Kingsland-road,
labourer, cholera 27 hours. The houses in this row
consist of 2 rooms, one over the other, very small and
damp ; smells from the privies in front at times very
bad.”

“ On August 13th, at 7 William street, Canal-road,
a packer in the City, cholera 12 hours. Drainage
into cesspools, and that has been stopped for some
time.”

£‘ On August 30th, at 15 Appleby-street, Pearson-
street, Kingsland-road, widow, a nurse, aged 60 years,
cholera one week. The deceased (as a nurse) was
employed to attend on a tradesman in Shoreditch
who was attacked with cholera. The day after his
death, she was seized with the same complaint and
brought home. Her own home clean, airy, and well
drained.”

“ In the workhouse, on August 31st, from 9 Bull-
court, Kingsland road, shoemaker, aged 26 years,
cholera 24 hours. A very close confined place, the
houses in general let in single rooms fur the accom-
modation of tramps, at 2 d. or 3 d. per night.”

The Registrar states that, during the 3 months end-
ing September 30th, —

“ The births were rather less than usual, owing to an
unusual number of still-born children, aud miscarriages
caused by fright from cholera.”

“On October 1 6th, at 29 Hertford street, daughter
of journeyman watchmaker, diarrhoea 3 weeks. Many
deaths occurred in this street in August. The in-
formant states, that nothing has been done as regards

drainage, nor even whitewashing the interior of the
houses, which are in a most filthy state.”

20 ; 6. Shoreditch ; Haggerstone East.

Pop. 6976 — Choi. 29 ; Diarr. 15.

Bounded on the south by part of the Hackney-road,
from Wey mouth-terrace to Glo’ster-place ; extending
east on the Glo’ster-row to Duncan-place ; on the west
by Stonebridge-lane, &c.

Cholera was fatal on January 31st, at James-place ;
in February 3 deaths; May 1, July 3, August 7,
September ro, and October 4. The last case on
the 29th, at Maidstone-place. The first death in July
occurred on the 21st, at Martha-street.

The following localities suffered from cholera —

Margaret-street,

Martha-street,

Dove-row,

Brunswiok-street,

Great Cambridge-street, '
Goldsmith-grove and
row,

Maidstone-place, &c.

The following cases are from the Registrar’s re-
ports : —

“ On August 3rd, at 1 Union-street, Dove-row, twine
spinner, aged 37 years, cholera {inquest). The back
garden of this house is bounded by an open sewer. He
worked on the rope-ground adjoining this sewer.”

“ On August 25th, at 20 Brownlow-road, widow of
cheesemonger, aged 56 years, cholera 24 hours. She
was removed from 191 High-street, Shoreditch, where
her husband had died only a few days before.”

“ On September 6th, at 3 Oakford-place, Gold-
smith’s-row, daughter of brickmaker, aged 4 years,
cholera 4 days, congestion of the brain 2 days, con-
vulsions. Near the edge of the open sewer in Ann’s-
place, where many deaths have occurred from cholera.”

21; 1. Bethnal Green; Hackney -road.

Pop. 20031. — Choi. 233 ; Diarr. 54.

This district forms the north-west part of the parish
of St. Matthew, extending from Shoreditch eastward
to Barossa-terrace and Cambridge-heath, &c.

The mortality from cholera in this district was very
considerable; 117 males and 116 females were deprived
of life, chiefly in the months of August and September,
when the deaths from the epidemic amounted to 204.
In the months of January and February 15 deaths were
registered, in July 5, commencing on the 4th, at No.
24 Old Castle-street ; in August 153, September 51,
October 8, and in November one, viz., on the 5U1, at
No. 3 Weatherhead-gardens. On August 12 th the
cholera epidemic suddenly increased, and was fatal on
this day to 12 persons; on the previous day one only
died, but on the 13th 22 persons were deprived of life,
on the 14th, 12; on the 15th, 7. From August 12th
to 31st, both inclusive, 135 persons died. Alter Sep-
tember 7th, the epidemic gradually subsided, and
nearly ceased by (he end of the month.

Two or more deaths occurred in the following
houses, viz. —

7 Clare-street,

10 Turville-street,

61 Old Nichol-street,
57 Old Castle-street,
19 Half Nichol-street,

2 Cross-street,

1 Maidstone-street,

20 Caroline-streef,

1 Virginia-row,

1 Shepherd’s-court, &c.

Diarrhoea was very prevalent : of the 54 deaths 22
were of males and 33 females, — of this number 41 are
described as children under 15 years of age, and the
remaining 13 as adults. Weavers, mechanics, &c„
and their families, were the chief sufferers from cholera
and diar^icea.

The proportion of the sexes and the dealhs in 3
periods of life is shown in the annexed table ; —

O

194

Notes on Cholera

Age.

Deaths

from Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

52

46

98

15 and under 60 years .

62

54

Il6

60 and upwards . .

3

16

19

Total . . .

117

Il6

233

During the months of July, August, and September,
the deaths from all causes exceeded the births by 145.

The Registrar, in his reports, describes the subjoined
cases and localities : —

“ On August 2nd, at 10 Turville-street, son of a coal-
whipper, aged 2 years, measles and pneumonia 3 weeks,
cholera 10 hours. Neighbourhood low, crowded, and
ill drained. A drain emitting offensive smells runs
under the house, which contains 30 inmates.”

“On August 3rd, at 20 Virginia-row, daughter of a
weaver, diarrhoea 6 hours, cholera 6 hours. A densely
inhabited street and low neighbourhood. There is an
excellent sewer through it, with scarcely any commu-
nication with the adjacent houses.”

The Registrar states, “ The fatal nature of the
calamitous visitation which has afflicted only a very
limited, though densely peopled portion of my dis-
trict, seems to point at human agency in the produc-
tion of the sad catastrophe. These'deatbs have chiefly
happened in a space of about 400 yards by 150. In
Turville-street there is a sewer, and a communication
from the privies thereto, but no drainage for the waste
water, which is uniformly thrown into the street. But
few deaths from cholera have as yet (August 18th)
occurred beyond the specified area, and there must be
some adequate cause for so singular a phenomenon.
The I2tb, 13th, and 14th of this month, will long be
remembered in this neighbourhood ; the outbreak of
this fatal disease being without any adequate prepara-
tion ; surgeons were wanted in many places at once ;
the hurried passing and repassing of messengers, and
the wailing of relatives, filled the streets with con-
fusion, and impressed on all a deep sense of an awful
calamity.”

“On August 24th, at 11 Old Castle-street, son of
doll-maker, cholera 3 days. A close, overcrowded,
and ill-cleansed street, with an excellent sewer, but
few communications therewith.”

The Registrar observes that, “ in the last1 fortnight, I
find that 99 out of 107 fatal cases of cholera and
diarrhoea have occurred in a space occupying less than
a tenth of my district. This portion of my district
is almost wholly without sewers, all fluids, whether
animal secretions or the waste of culinary or ablutionary
processes, being carried off by surface drainage ; it has
no proper circulation of fresh air, three-fourths of the
people are closely packed together, and from necessity
as well as habit, no sufficient cleanliness of person or
of habitation is generally observed. Moreover, the
cholera district is precisely the fever district of past
times.

“ On August 28th, at 7 Turville-buildings, daughter
of wadding dealer, cholera 4 hours. A close, confined,
crowded, and ill-drained court — the very type of
misery. This court is a small parallelogram, con-
taining 6 inhabited and 2 uninhabited houses, with no
backyards, and with an almost total stagnation of air
— the chief supply being perpendicular; no water laid

on, and the drainage being through a stone grating
in the centre of the court, having communication with
a sewer.”

“ On September 3rd, at 1 Maidstone-place, Old
Nichol-street, wife of itinerant musician, aged 35
years, cholera 2 days. A close, dirty, undrained court.
The third death in the same house — the family then
removed, and the father since dead.”

“ On September 7th, at 1 Gibraltar-walk, spinster,
aged 32 years, shoebinder, cholera 12 hours. A narrow,
close, and crowded street — not otherwise injurious to
health.”

The Registrar says, “ notwithstanding the abatement
of cholera in its original location, it is gradually creeping
over my district; in its progress discovering with ap-
parently instinctive sagacity every deficiency of pre-
caution,'every absence of the essentials to good health,
whether existing in a street, a house, a family, or an in-
dividual, and more rarely appearing where none of
the predisposing causes are known to exist. But whilst
there are no sewers in streets a century old, or no
communications into existing sewers from contiguous
houses; whilst houses remain contaminated with the
filth of years ; whilst the streets remain for days un-
cleansed from accumulating dirt ; whilst the free cir-
culation of fresh air continues to be impeded; and
whilst the daily supply of water of questionable purity
continues, from various causes, to be locally deficient,
so long may the periodical occurrence of such ap-
palling visitations as that which at this time afflicts
my district be expected.”

“ On September 1 rth, at 1 1 Cambridge-circus, daugh-
ter of labourer, aged 18 years, cholera 12 hours. In-
formant states that an offensive drain passes under this
house into a sewer full of fetid matter, and that across
the narrow street is a manufactory of lard or grease,
which, when melting, fills the neighbourhood with
noxious smells.”

“ On September 16th, at 4 Crown-court, Gascoigne-
place, daughter of journeyman bricklayer, cholera 8
days, typhus 6 days. A crowded court ; no drainage
for the 3 bouses within it, except into a small tub sunk
into the earth ; waste water carried out of the court,
which is low, and thrown into the gutter of the
adjoining street.”

“ On September 12th, at 20 Caroline-street, wife of
journeyman cordwainer, aged 38 years, cholera 3 days,
typhus 6 days. The third death in the same house,
said to be occasioned by fright excited by seeing a
cholera patient carried through the streets. The street
narrow and close, but not otherwise unfavourable to
health.”

“ On September 27th, at 7 Austin-street, daughter of
journeyman house-painter, diarrhoea 2 months. A
crowded, ill-cleansed, and undrained street, adjoining
Shoreditch churchyard.”

“ On September 27th, at 2 New Nichol-street, jour-
neyman weaver, cholera 24 hours. An overcrowded,
ill-cleansed, close, and undrained street.”

The Registrar, in his quarterly return of births and
deaths for the 3 months ending September 30th, states,
“ that out of 342 deaths, 208 were from cholera, and
27 from diarrhoea. The principal seat of this visita-
tion has been a very small portion of my district, and
which is in a very wretched state from defective
sewerage; has suffered much from the want of timely
sanitary arrangements. The following table shows
the principal seat of this fatal epidemic, the deaths
occurring in the House of Refuge at the Bethnal
Green Workhouse, of persons taken from this district,
are not included. In none of the other streets did
more than 3 deaths from cholera occur:” —

195

in the Sub- Districts of London.

Cliol. Diarr.

OldNichol-street and courts .... 41 1

NewNichol-street and courts. ... 19 2

Hal fNichol-street and continuous streets 25 3

Nichol’s-row 7

Turville-street and courts 31 2

Boundary-street (only half in this parish) 12

Collingwood-street 6 4

Old Castle-street 8 1

Vincent-street g 1

Virginia-row 6 2

Gibraltar- walk 7

Crabtree-row 5 1

Caroline-street 5 1

“On November 6th, at 3 Weatherhead-gardens, Crab
Tree-row, journeyman cordwainer, aged 38 years,
cholera 2 days. A low and undrained spot, with a
porous soil, through which the waste water percolates
freely.”

21; 2. Bethnal Green ; Green. Pop. 16766. —
Choi. 233 ; Diarr. 68.

Comprises the eastern part of the parish, including
the west part of Victoria Park, extending south to the
Eastern Counties Railway ; on the west by the Cam-
bridge-road.

On February 3rd cholera appeared at No. 1 East
London-place, and on the 15th broke out at Warburton’s
Lunatic Asylum, and fatally attacked 21 females in
the asylum by the end of the month, and 2 on March
7th. The next fatal case took place on July 9th, at
No. 24 Collingwood-place ; in this month 12 deaths
occurred; during the first 18 days of August, .17; and
in the remaining 13 days, 73. In the first 18 days
of September, 82, and in the remainder of the month,
10 ; in October, 9 deaths, the last on the loth, at No. 3
John's-court. After August i8tb the mortality rose
rapidly, and attained its maximum on the 25th; the
epidemic prevailed extensively to September 14th,
after this date it abated, and by the end of the month
nearly ceased.

The following streets and vicinities were infected
by the epidemic, namely —

Cambridge-place & road,

Bonner’s-lane,

Suffolk-street,

Northampton-street,

Park-street,

Chester-place,

Prospect-place,
Collingwood-place,
Digby-street,
Norfolk-street,
Wisker’s gardens,
&c. &c.

A carpenter and his wife died of cholera at 26
Globe-road, the 8th and 9th August, and at No. 2
Wisker’s-gardens, a horse-hair weaver and his son ; also
at No 4 June-street, 2 deaths from the epidemic ; in 20
and 16 hours each after the attack.

At the Bethnal Green, or "Warburton’s Lunatic
Asylum, from the 15th to the 26th February, both in-
clusive, 21 females died of cholera; on February 20th,
5 deaths were recorded, and 2 in March, on the 7th ;
from this date several months intervened to September
1st, when the epidemic again appeared, and by October
2nd was fatal to 32 persons in the asylum, and in this
period 4 cases of diarrhoea also proved fatal ; the
average number of inmates about 500.

In the Workhouse, Bethnal Green, 5 persons died of
cholera in February, the next case followed on August
3rd, and extensively prevailed in this month and
the following; from August 18th to he end of the
month, namely, 14 days, 57 persons were deprived of
life by cholera, and 16 by diarrhoea ; the number of
in-door poor about 800. The subjoined table repre-
sents the progress of cholera in the above Lunatic
Asylum and Workhouse

Cholera Deaths.

Feb.

Mar.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Total.

Bethnal Green
Workhouse : —

Men ....

I

• •

24

20

2

47

Women .

2

• «

26

l6

I

45

Boys ....

I

• •

6

4

I

12

Gii'ls t. . . .

I

* *

7

2

• *

IO

Total .

5

63

42

4

114

Bethnal- Green Lu-
natic Asylum : —

19

• •

19

Women . . .

21

2

• •

II

2

36

Total . .

21

2

30

2

55

A great proportion of the above 114 deaths were per-
sons removed into the Workhouse, after being attacked
by cholera, from the Hackney-road, the Church, and
the Town Registrar’s districts comprised within this
parish, and if deducted, would make the 233 cholera
deaths registered less by 114, as compared with other
districts without the Workhouse.

The annexed table shows the mortality in 3 periods
of life : — j

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fern.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

19

16

35

15 and under 60 years .

83

69

152

60 and upwards . ,

15

31

46

The cholera epidemic chiefly prevailed in the
families of weavers, mechanics, &c.

Diarrhoea was prevalent throughout the year, and
proved fatal to 32. adults and 36 children under 10
years of age, principally affecting those localities in
which cholera appieared.

21; 3. Bethnal Green; Church. Pop. 17293.
— Choi. 92 ; Diarr. 32.

Comprises the centre part of the parish, between
the Hackney-road and the Town Registrar’s districts.

Three deaths were recorded from cholera in February.
On July T2th the next death happened, at No. 32
Pleasant-place, followed by another in Orange-street,
on the 21st; in August 47, and in September 40
persons died, the last on September 30th. Tbe cholera
epidemic was most prevalent from August 2 1 st to Sep-
tember 4th, both inclusive; the greatest mortality in
any one day was on August 27th. Between the ages
of 20 and 60, the proportion were 20 men and 30
women ; diarrhoea prevailed of a severe character ; in
32 deaths, 3 were of adults, and the remainder chiefly
children under 2 years of age. One half the deaths
from all causes arose from cholera and diarrhoea, in
the months of July, August, and September; and
during this period but 8 births were registered to
every 9 deaths, exclusive of the deaths in the Bethnal
Green Workhouse, of persons removed from this dis-
trict, after attacked by cholera. Weavers, mechanics,
&c., were the greatest sufferers, residing in those places
where defective drainage, overcrowded habitations,
and poverty abounded. Cholera prevailed in —

o 2

19G

i

Notes on Cholera

Bethnal Green-road,
Church-street,

Beck ford-row,
Edward-street,

The following cases a
returns : —

Fuller-street,
King-street,
Walverly-street,
Orange-street, &c.

weaver, aged 30 years, cholera 2 days. The hi
was removed into the Town district; was seize
died the following day. Street ill drained, an
tilation bad.”

“ O11 August ist, at 31 Pitt-street, wife of a tobacco-
nist, aged 50 years, cholera 12 hours. Low am
row, without drainage.”

“On August 15th, at 2 Punderston’s-gardens,
labourer, aged 18 years, cholera 36 hours. The house
low and dirty, built on the ground, the floor one
foot below the surface, and before tiie houses con-
stantly is a channel of stagnant water and vegetable
matter.”

“ On August 14th, at io North Conduit-street, son
of a painter, cholera 3 days. Church-street is a con-
tinuation of the Bethnal Green-road into Shoreditch,
and is entirely without drainage. In this street the
chamber slops are cast into the road. In Bethnal
Green-road the only means of getting rid of the water
is by cesspools.”

“ On August 28th, at 187 Bethnal Green-road,
widow of slater, aged 47 years, cholera 8 hours.
Tli is house consists of a small shop with a room
behind, in which lived 5 adult persons in a filthy
condition. There is neither drainage nor proper venti-
lation.”

“On September 20th, at 8 Alfred-row, Bethnal
Green, wood-chopper, aged 35 years, natural death
(sudden) from cholera (inquest). It is almost impos-
sible to imagine a place better adapted to foster disease
than this row of hovels, the state of which precludes the
possibility of a current of air. The dwellings consist
of a room or two in each, upon the ground, and
considerably below the roadway, without drainage, the
privies against the entrance, and water obtained only
from a single stand-cock for the supply of perhaps 20
families, each of 5 or 6 persons, huddled together in
these miserable abodes.”

“On September 25th, at 19 Scott-street, widow of
painter, aged 30 years. The house abuts upon the
Jews’ burial-ground, and consists of 3 small rooms,
in which were packed 15 human beings, in the midst
of filth and wretchedness. On the following day, the
son, aged 13 years, died of cholera in the same house.”

21; 4. Bethnal Gheen; Town. Pop. 19998. —
Choi. 231 ; Diarr. 53.

This Registrar’s district forms the south-west part of
the parish of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green.

The mortality from cholera was very considerable in
August and September, 135 and 78 deaths were re-
spectively registered ; 4 deaths from this fatal epidemic
occurred in February ; 2 in June, viz., on the loth
and 19th ; 7 in July, and 5 in October; in this month,
the last case, on the 23rd, at No. 3 llose-street. From
August 1st. to the 10th, 14 deaths; after this date
a rapid increase took place, and in 4 days, viz., to the
14th, 36 deaths took place, and in the next 7 days,
43. The mortality then declined, and on August 31st
but one case occurred ; a subsequent increase took
place in the first 7 days of September, in this period
the deaths were 31 ; in one day, the 7th, 12 persons
died, in the next 7 days, 32 deaths; from this time the
epidemic subsided, and by the end of the month
15 more were recorded.

The deaths in 3 periods of life is shown in the fol-
lowing table ; —

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

s

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

a.

From birth to 15 years .

40

29

69

1

15 and under 60 years .
60 years and upwards .

66 .
9’

73

14

139

23

Total . . .

115

Il6

231

In the months of July, August, and September, in
every 5 deaths registered, 3 were assigned to cholera;
the deaths numbered in excess 173 over the births,
in the proportion of 2 to 1. Diarrhoea was fatal to

23 boys and 6 girls, under 2 years of age ; the total
deaths from diarrhoea were 37 males and 16 females.

The cholera epidemic proved most fatal to weavers,
artisans, and families of the working classes, resident
in the following streets, &c. —

Church-street, Patience-street,

Anchor-street, Swan-street,

Nelson-street, Sclater-street,

Tyssen-street, Bacon-street,

Rose-street. | Hare-street,

Little York-street, I Turk-street,

James-street, j See.

At 156 Church-street, a father and son died of
cholera, in 18 and 30 hours after the attack. At No.
10 Tyssen-street, 011 August 14th, a weaver, aged 37
years, was seized with cholera, and survived 16 hours;
his wife, aged 37 years, was attacked and died in

24 hours, in this house, on the same day; also
in this house, on September 7th, a subsequent death
from cholera is recorded in 12 hours, viz., a chandler
aged 42 years; at No. 2 Patience-street, a mother and
daughter died from cholera, in 9 and 24 hours after
the attack, and 2 childreu of a cooper, at 15 Little
York-street, survived the attack 17 and 9 hours
respectively, on September 1 8th. Between September
the 7th and nth, 3 deaths were referred to cholera,
at No. 4 Derbyshire-street.

The subjoined notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

On August nth, the Registrar states, “that 6
cases of cholera in Church-street occurred within a
very short distance from each other. The first, that
of a tripe-dresser or boiler ; the neighbours complained
of the effluvia arising therefrom. A very large cesspool
was opened in the yard of the house adjoining, and
kept open for several days. The houses in Church-
street are large and densely populated, the drainage bad,
having only cesspools. There is no common sewer up
Bethnal Green-road or Church-street, although it is
the main road from Shoreditch.”

“ On August 13th, at 2 Farthing-hill, wife of
wood-cutter, aged 26 years, cholera 10 hours. The
husband of this woman is also dead of cholera, same
day. A narrow, confined place, and the house filthy,
having a bad drain running under it.”

“ On September 7th, at 2 William-street, Fleet-
street, wile of twine-spinner (deceased), cholera 48
hours. The husband of this woman died of cholera in
Shoreditch, where they resided ; their 4 children were
taken into Shoreditch Workhouse, where one died;
she then came to this place, to acquaint her mother
of it, when she was attacked.”

“ O11 Scptember'8th, at 3 Sherwood-place, daughter
of chair-caner, cholera 18 hours.”

“ In the same house, on September 12th, wife of

in the Sub-Districts of London.

19 7

chair-caner, cholera 4 days. • The husband and father
of the above person states, that the drainage of his house
is very good, but that on Thursday morning, the 6th
instant, they were emptying some privies in Austin-
street (a short distance from his place), with the appa-
ratus and hose, into the sewer, which caused a bad
effluvia to arise up the grating of the drain in his yard ;
on that day his wife was taken ill, and the child was
shortly after affected, and died of cholera. The wife
died of cholera on the 12th ; and a boy about 13 years
of age, working for him, was also taken ill, went
home, and died of cholera in a few days, in the Green
sub-district. The wife was delivered of a dead child
the day before she died.”

“ On September 13th, at 23 Church-street, shop-
man to cheesemonger, aged 22 years, cholera 4 days,
second attack. Drainage bad. His master and
daughter died of cholera in this house.”

22; 1. Whitechapel; Artillery. Pop. 6221. —
Choi. 14; Diarr. 12.

Comprises the western part of the parish of Christ
Church, Spitaltields, including the liberties of Norton
Folgate and Old Artillery Ground.

First fatal case of cholera, July 26th, at No. 63
Wheler-street ; the last, on October 2nd, at No. 14
Older-sfreet, Norton Folgate, a chair and sofa maker,
aged 24 years, cholera 18 hours. The epidemic was
prevalent in —

Wheler-street, Christ-
church,
Cock-alley,
Parliament-court,

Older-street, Norton
Folgate,
Gun-street,

&c.

At No. 64 Wheler-street, the 2 sons of a labourer,
aged 9 and 10 years, died of cholera, the first in 19
and the other in 48 hours. Another death in the same
house 4 days after, that of a cabinet-maker’s wife, aged
31 years, who survived the attack 24 hours.

On October 4th, at 16 Fort-street Old Artillery
Ground, son of silk mechanist, aged 16 years, epilepsy 2
days, diarrhoea. The Registrar states that “ there are no
sewers in any of the streets or places in this Liberty.”

22; 2. Whitechapel; Spitalfields. Pop. 15121.
Choi. 90 ; Diarr. 32.

This Registrar’s district is bounded on the south by
Wentworth-street, extending northward to Phoenix-
street ; on the east by Brick-lane, &c. ; on the west by
the Artillery district.

In January and February 3 deaths from cholera were
registered; the next occurred July nth, at No. 68
Wentworth-street, the last, on October 28th, at No. 4
Paternoster-row ; the epidemic attained its maximum
August 28th, and principally prevailed in the months of
August and September, namely, 49 and 27 deaths
respectively ; towards the middle of September cholera
nearly ceased. The above deaths are exclusive of
those which happened in the London Hospital, situated
in the Church sub-district, and in the Workhouse, situ-
ated in the North sub-district of Whitechapel, of persons
removed from this district when attacked by cholera.

During the months of July, August, and September,
the deaths were 39 more than the births, or 7 births to
9 deaths ; and in this period about one-half the deaths
from all causes were ascribed to cholera. Weavers,
labourers, &c., with their families, suffered, chiefly resi-
dent in —

Flower and Dean-street,

King-street,

Wentworth-street,

Dorset-street,

Wilkes-street,

Wheler-street,

Quaker-street,

Union-court, Fashion-
stree ,

Phoenix-street,

White’s-row,

Grey Eagle-street,
Wilson's-place,

Great Pearl-street, &c.

In several instances 2 or more deaths occurred in the
same house.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On August 18th, at 15 Great Pearl-street, son
of smith, aged 2 years, cholera 15 hours.”

“ In the same house, and on the same day, a brother
of the above, aged 7 years, cholera 21 hours. This
makes the third of the same family within 3 days in
one house.”

“ On September 5th, at 1 Upper Keate-street,
wife of labourer, aged 65 years, cholera 34 hours.
Overcrowded and badly drained.’’

“ On September 6th, at 3 Diamond-court, Great
Pearl-street, daughter of porter, cholera 18 hours.
Close and badly drained.’’

“ On September 6th, at 4 Dorset-street, carpenter,
cholera 20 hours ; no medical attendant. Crowded and
badly drained.”

“ On September 6th, at 43 Phcenix-street, wife
of weaver, cholera 1 8 hours.”

“In the same house on September 7th, son of
weaver, cholera 30 hours. Third death in this house.”

“ On September 25th, at 10 Quaker-street, daughter
of weaver, cholera 9 hours.”

“ In the same house on September 29th, daughter
of weaver, cholera 9 hours. Crowded and uncleanly.
These are 2 children of one family.”

“ On October 10th, at 10 Quaker-street, daughter
of weaver, cholera 7 days, consecutive fever 4 days,
congestion of brain 3 days. This is the third death
from cholera in the same family, and another occurred
on October 17th.”

22 ; 3. Whitechapel ; Mile End, New Town. —
Pop. 12141. — Choi. 85 ; Diarr. 18.

Bounded on the west by Brick-lane, on the south
by Montague and Prince’s-street, on the east by
Charles-street, and on the north part of Pelham-streef,
&c., forming the eastern part of the parish of Christ
Church, Spitaltields.

Cholera was prevalent in July, August, and Sep-
tember, the deaths respectively were 5, 35, and 38;
the epidemic commenced at No. 4 Charles-street, on
July 16th, and entirely ceased on November x 6th.
Two deaths had been previously registered in February;
the greatest number in one day happened on August
31st and September 17th, it declined from this time,
and by the end of the month was nearly extinct.

In the families of weavers, labourers, mechanics,
and the industrious classes generally, the epidemic
was mostly felt, inhabiting the following streets and
adjoining neighbourhoods, viz. —

Buxton-street,

Luk e-street,

Spring-gardens

Church-street,

Pelham-street,

King-street,

Hunt-court,

Dunk-street,

Spiral-street,

Brick-lane,

Well-street,

&c.’

In the Christchurch Workhouse, one death from
cholera and 2 from diarrhoea were recorded ; the in-
door paupers average about 300. At No. 38 Spicer-
street, the wife of a tailor, aged 23 years, died of
cholera in 16 hours, on September 20th ; her infant,
aged 7 mouths, died of cholera 3 days previously.
At No. 21 Charles-street, on September 19th, (he 2
children of a drayman were deprived of life; and on
September 24th, 2 persons also died of cholera at 6
Hunt-court.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 26th, at 5 Buxton-street, wife of lawyer’s
clerk, aged 42 years, cholera 13 hours. The deceased

198

Notes on Cholera

had been attending her sister’s child for 2 days previous,
who died of cholera, and the day after her return
home was taken ill and died on the following day.
The family were in comfortable circumstances and
particularly cleanly; the houses have been recently
built, and the street is the best in the hamlet.”

“ On September 1st, at 14 Montague-street, Spital-
fields, a weaver, aged 33 years, cholera 4 days, typhoid
fever 2 days. This man’s mother died in the same
house 2 weeks ago of cholera. House overcrowded.”
“ On September 3rd, at 49 High-street, a weaver,
cholera 3 days, fever 4 days. Mother of this man died
of cholera in the same house 2 weeks ago.”

“ On September 8th, at 7 Halifax-street, wife of
shoemaker, aged 45 years, cholera T 1 hours. Five in
family in one room. Her son was brought home on
the 5 th instant, and died in 9 hours, of cholera.”

22; 4. Whitechapel; North. Pop. 12296.

Choi. 114 ; Diarr. 53.

Bounded on the. west by Middlesex-street ; on the
north by Wentworth-street, Prince’ s-street, &c. ; on the
east by Collingwood-street ; and on the south by the
north side of High-street, W hitechapel-road.

Cholera was chiefly fatal in July, August, and Sep-
tember, in which months the deaths successively were 1 8,
45, and 39. Diarrhoea was most prevalent in April,
May, and June. On February 8th, the first caseof cho-
lera was recorded at No. 28 Wellington-srreet ; the next
in this month on the 9th and 10th, at No. 46 Queen
Ann-street ; after an interval of 4 months the epidemic
appeared at No. 6 New-court, George-yard, on June
6th ; during this month there were 7 deaths, the last
death October 14th, in the Workhouse. Cholera at-
tained the greatest mortality from August 29th to
September 13th, the highest number in any one day
took place on the 10th and 13th of this month ; from
the latter period a gradual decline ensued, and nearly
ceased by the termination of the month. The poorer
classes were principally attacked residing in —

New-court, George-yard,
Thomas-street,

Queen Ann-street,

Castle-alley and slreet,
King’s Arms-court,
White’s-row, &c.

The first fatal case of cholera in the Whitechapel
workhouse happened on June 16th, and it continued to
prevail to October 14th ; during this period 77 persons
died of the epidemic. The subjoined table represents
the progress in each month : —

—

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Total

Men ....

8

12

II

31

Boys ....

I

I

3

3

• •

8

Women ...

2

7

13

10

I

33

2

3

• •

5

Total

3

l6

30

27

I

77

The following are the deaths from diarrhoea in the
above Workhouse —

January ... 4

February . . . 1

March .... 3

April .... 10
May .... 8

June .... 7

August .... 1

September . . . 1

October. ... 5

Total . . 40

The deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in the White-
chapel Workhouse amounted to 117, many of these
persons, after attacked by cholera, were removed from

the 6 other sub-districts of this Union into the Work-
house, where they subsequently died ; but excluding
these deaths, the mortality in the other parts of this sub-
district would be from cholera 3 7 and from diarrhoea
13. which, including the workhouse deaths, are returned
as 114 and 53 respectively; the average number of
in-door paupers about 550. At No. 2 Castle-alley,
the wife of a labourer, aged 34 years, died of cholera
in 14 hours, 011 September 30th ; her son previously
died of cholera on the 26th, in the same house; and
2 deaths from cholera] and one from ^diarrhoea took
place at No. 15 White’s-row.

On July 13th, at No. 3 Prince’s-place, Prince’s-
street, son of a labourer, aged 19 years, Asiatic
cholera 19 hours, vomiting and purging 17 hours,
cramp 15 hours, and blue collapse 8 hours.” The
Registrar states “ that the house in which deceased
lived contained 3 rooms and 16 occupants.”

“ On September 25 th, at 6 Horse Shoe-alley, Petti-
coat-lane, daughter of general dealer, rice-water purg-
ing 3 days. Close and crowded.”

22; 5. Whitechapel; Church. Pop. 6990.

Choi. 65 ; Diarr. 7.

This Registrar’s district lies on the south of High-
street and Whitechapel-road, extending east and west
from Raven-street to Somerset-street, Aldgate, in which
is situated the London Hospital, where a fatal case
of cholera occurred January 17 th.

Deaths in London Hospital —

January .... I
February . . . 1

April .... I
June .... 1

July .... 6

August ... 22
September . . 8

Total . .40

The above number in the hospital were not all
belonging to this district, but removed from other
localities when attacked. Exclusive of the London
Hospital, where the average number of indoor patients
is about 320, the first death from cholera in other
parts of the sub-district, occurred July 24th. at No. 5
D uncan-street, followed by 12 in August, 11 in Sep-
tember, and one in October, on the 6th, at No. 5
Buckle-street. The number of cholera deaths are
thus —

In the London Hospital .... 40
In other parts of the district . .25

Total . . . .65

In 5 days, from August 24th to the 28th, both in-
clusive, 11 deaths were referred to cholera in the
Loudon Hospital, where the last fatal case which oc-
curred was that of a sailor, aged 38 years, died in 12
hours on September 29th ; during the months of July,
August, and September, the deaths were 92 more than
the births, or about 7 births to 17 deaths. Excluding
the Hospital deaths by cholera, the proportion is about
5 births to 11 deaths in this period ; 63 deaths are
assigned to cholera, and 99 to some other cause The
following localities suffered from the cholera epidemic,
namely —

Plough-street and court,

Ruckle-street,

High-street,

Mountford-sfreet,
Raven-street,
Duncan-street, &c.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On September 7th, at 7 Love-court, Petticoat-lane,
general dealer, aged 43 years, cholera 2 days. A close
and crowded place, chiefly occupied by Jews, but this
is the first case among them which has occurred in my
district.”

199

in the Sub- Districts of London.

“ On September 20th, at 65 High-street, wife of
fishmonger, aged 32 years, cholera 30 hours, habitual
diarrhoea; fear and anxiety, arising from the sudden
return of her daughter from the Kent-road in collapse
of cholera.”

“ In the same house, on September 22nd, daughter of
fishmonger, cholera about 30 hours, consecutive fever
one week. This child is the daughter of the above,
was brought home on September 14th, from the Kent-
road, in a state of collapse, from which she recovered
in about 30 hours, when the consecutive fever came on,
and daily increased in unfavourable symptoms until
death.”

“On September 12th, at 249 Whitechapel-road,
wife of porter, aged 31 years, cholera 9 hours. The
surgeon states that he was called in to see the deceased

5 hours previous to death, and 4 hours after the severe
symptoms had set in. She had been ill from diarrhoea
3 or 4 days, but refused to take food, and took nothing
but porter. The neighbourhood is very open, and
considered healthy.”

22 ; 6. Whitechapel; Goodman's Fields.

Pop. 9848. — Choi. 34; Diarr. 16.

This district includes part of the parish of Holy
Trinity, Minories, bounded on the east by Church-
lane, on the south by Rosemary-lane, and on the west
the Minories (part of, &c.).

In January 7 deaths were registered from cholera,

6 occurred in the Cholera Hospital, at No. 88 Leman-
street. In February 3 deaths, 2 recorded in the Cholera
Hospital; in March 3, all in the Hospital ; next fatal
case June 22nd, at No. 117 Rosemary-lane; the last
death from cholera took place October 23rd, at No. 85
Chamber-street.

The epidemic prevailed in the following neighbour-
hoods, viz. —

Rosemary-lane,

Goodman’s-yard,

Everard’s-place,

Swallow’s-gardens.
Gower’s-place and walk,
Well’s-place, &c.

F rom January 4th to March 14th, 1 1 deaths from cholera
took place in the Whitechapel Cholera Hospital, Leman-
street, of persons removed from infected localities into the
Hospital, where their deaths were subsequently regis-
tered ; and at No. 8 Swallow’s-gardens, 2 children of a
labourer died in 12 and 7 hours after being attacked
by cholera. This place is inhabited by very poor
people ; there are no drains, and each house has a
cesspool.

“On July 12th, at 2 Providence-court, Brunswick-
place, Back Church-lane, a charwoman, aged 46 years,
cholera 8 hours.” The Registrar states that there
are 6 houses in the court, having 2 rooms ; a small
drain running in front of these houses was being
opened.”

“On August 27th, at 1 St. Mark’s-terrace, Tenter-
ground, daughter of servant, diarrhoea 7 days. In
this ground there are 15 dung heaps, and is a recep-
tacle for all sorts of decayed vegetable matter and fish
guts ; there is no surface drainage, and the water lies
in stagnant pools; not overcrowded or close.”

22; 7. Whitechapel; Aldgate. Pop. 9148. —
Choi. 104; Diarr. 17.

This district includes the Tower of London on the
river side ; eastward to Dock side, St. Katherine’s Dock ;
extends north to Rosemary-lane, &c.

Cholera was prevalent chiefly in July, August, and
September; the deaths respectively were 17, 35, and
41 ; the highest mortality on September 2nd, and from
August 29th to September 9th, both inclusive, 32
deaths were recorded from cholera, in January 2,
February one, April one, June 4; the first case in this
month on the 2nd, on board a vessel in St. Kathe-

rine’s Docks, a sailor, aged 29 years, survived the
attack 12 hours; next on the 20th, then on the 28th,
30th, &c ; 3 fatal cases were registered in October, the
last on the 13th. Cholera was severely felt in —

Cooper’s-court, Blue
Anchor-yard,

Royal Mint-street,
Windmill-court, Rose-
mary-lane,

Blue Anchor-yard,

Dock-street,
Crown-court,
Shorter’s-rents, Dock-
street,

Slater’s-court,

&c.

Deaths

On board vessels in the St. Katherine's Docks . 2

, , , , laying off in the river Thames . 7

In the Whitechapel Cholera Hospital, at No. 1 Dock-
street, the first fatal case of cholera on August 5 th,
and by October 5th, 25 persons perished, including a
nurse who died on August 13th, in 13 hours after the
attack.

At the Military Hospital in the Tower of London,
a death from cholera was recorded on June 21st;
subsequently 5 more deaths were registered. In the
Barracks 4 deaths from cholera and one from diarrhoea
took place; likewise in the Old Mint, 4 persons died
of the epidemic, 2 in one house, at No. 31. The
deaths by cholera in the Tower of London during the
year amonnted to 16, and from diarrhoea 2. During
the months of July, August, and September, the
deaths were 101 more than the births, or about 4
births to 11 deaths ; in 162 deaths from all causes in
the above period, 93 were ascribed to cholera.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August loth, at 2 Cow-yard, Blue Anchor-
yard, fruit seller, aged 29 years, cholera 20 hours.
Filthy neighbourhood ; deceased ate a great quantity
of unripe fruit, and sat at her fruit-stall in all
weathers.”

“ On September 9th, at Shorfer’s-rents, Dock-street,
son of labourer, aged 3 years, cholera 12 hours.”

“ In the same house, on the same day, a brother of
the above, aged 13 years, cholera 14 hours. This
court is close and crowded. There is a large
privy opposite the doors of this house ; also at the en-
trance of the court the refuse from a soap work runs
down as surface drainage.”

“On September 2nd, at 3 Queen-street, wife of
tailor, aged 38 years, cholera 27 hours. A very close,
confined street, the houses without ventilation.”

“ On August 3 1st, at 8 Crown-court, Glasshouse-
street, coal-whipper, diarrhoea 6 hours, cholera 12
hours. This court is very densely populated by per-
sons of dirty and intemperate habits.”

“ On September 3rd, at 5 Cooper’s-court, Blue
Anchor-yard, wife of labourer, cholera 6 days. In
this court there are above 200 persons closely packed;
in one house containing 3 rooms there are 19 persons
living.”

“On September 2nd, at 17 Darby-street, Royal
Mint-street, wife of carpenter, cholera 9 hours. Open
street, but surrounded by a bad locality.”

23; 1. St. George-in-the-East ; St. Mary.
Pop. 15875. — Choi. 55 ; Diarr. 22.

Bounded on the north by the Commercial-road ; on
the south by the London Docks, lying between
Church-lane and Cannon Street -road, &c.

First fatal case of cholera on July 6th, at No. 7
Thomas-street. The epidemic carried off, in August
and September, 23 and 20 persons respectively; the
last case on October 24th, at 69 Parsons-street. In
July, August, and September, cholera was fatal to 53
persons, and to 88 from all other diseases.

200

Notes on Cholera

The epidemic prevailed in —

Prince’s-street,

Pell-streef,

Cable-street,

John's-hill,

Grove-street,
Denmark-street,
Bett’s-place,
Ellen-street, &c.

A dock labourer, aged 37 years, and his wife, on
July 29th, died of cholera, 5 Juniper-street, Chigwell-
hill.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports, : —

“On July 22nd, at lx Prince’s-street, wife of a
watchman in London Docks, aged 32 years, diarrhoea
36 hours, cholera- 12 hours. Deceased resided
in a healthy and public thoroughfare, well cleansed,
drained, and ventilated ; her husband thinks she
was seized with the disease through fright and
attendance on a person in the same house, who died
of cholera a few days previously.”

“O11 August 9th, at 4 Ellen-slreet, widow of
mariner, aged 30 years, cholera 24 hours. The hus-
band of deceased died on the 9th instant, of cholera, in
the same house. Street well paved, cleansed, and
drained. An open and public thoroughfare.”

The 2 following cases occurred in a narrow street
contiguous to several sugar-refining houses, but not
considered unhealthy : —

“ On August 20th, at 11 Elizabeth-street, wife of
working farrier, cholera 11 hours.”

“ On August 21st, at 11 Elizabeth-street, working
farrier, cholera 11 hours, husband of the above.”

“On August 22nd, at 45 Cable-street, wife of dock
labourer, cholera to hours. Street not unhealthy ; no
complaint of offensive smells or other nuisances. De-
ceased was in good health on previous evening, and
w-ent to see her sister, who was suffering from an attack
of cholera. She was attacked with diarrhoea about 5
a.m., and died from cholera the same day.”

“ On August 25th, at 27 Providence-street, son of
slipper-maker, cholera 10 hours. Rather narrow street,
partially paved, and imperfectly drained; the inhabit-
ants chiefly poor persons, and houses overcrowded.”
“On the same day, and in the same house, a slipper-
maker, cholera 10 hours. Father of the above child.”
“O11 August 27th, at 27 Providence-street, wife of
shoemaker, aged 26 years, cholera 17 hours. This
death and the 2 preceding occurred in the same house.”
“ On August 30th, at 22 Mary Ann-street, umbrella
maker and seller, cholera 8 hours. He attended the
funeral of his brother the previous Sunday, who had
died of cholera.”

“On September 5th, at 16 John's-hill, Ratcliff-
highway, son of waterman, diarrhoea 4 days, cholera
one day.”

The medical attendant states, “ this family live
over a cellar, into which the night soil from a privy
close to the door is allowed to flow, and where it now
remains, mixed with the water from the late rains ; it
is disgustingly offensive, and he had attended 5 cases
of bowel complaint within a month.”

23; 2. St. George -in -the -East; St. Paul.
Pop. 17724. — Choi. 85 ; Diarr. 28.

This is the north-east part of the parish of St.
George, Middlesex, bsunded on the west by Cannon
Street-road, on the east by John-street, on the north by
the Commercial-road, and on the south by the New
London Dock and part of Back-lane, &c.

In the month of February 3 deaths were referred to
cholera, in March 4, which occurred in the Cholera
Hospital, at No. 3 Rath-terrace ; in May one, on the 15th,
at No. 6 Kinder-street ; in June 4, all in the Cho-
lera Hospital ; in July 19. The epidemic continued
throughout the months of August and September, to

October 27th, from this date cholera ceased to be fatal.
A fatal case of cholera occurred in the parish Cholera
Hospital, at No. 3 Bath-terrace, February 22nd ; sub-
sequently was fatal to 37 persons by October 27th.

Deaths from Cholera in

the Cholera House,

. —

Bath-street.

Total.

Men.

Women.

Cliild’n.

February ....

I

I

March ....

3

I

, ,

4

June

4

, .

4

July .....

I

3

I

5

August ....

7

3

I

ir

September . . .

4

3

I

8

October ....

I

I

2

4

Total .

I7

15

5

37

Diarrhoea was prevalent in July, August, and
September. The following localities sull'ered from
cholera, viz. —

Spencer-street,

King’s Arms-gardens,

Phillip’s-street,

John-street,

i Chari es-street,
Martha-street,

I Chapman-street, &c.

I Old Gravel-lane, .&c.

The subjoined notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 13th, at the parish Cholera House, 3 Bath-
terrace, female, aged 28 years, cholera 10 hours. The
deceased drew her sister’s breast, who was labouring
under cholera.”

The 2 following cases occurred in the Cholera
House, 3 Bath-terrace.

“ On July 2 1st, female, aged 31 years, wife of a sugar-
baker, diarrhoea 2 days, cholera 10 hours.”

“On July 22nd, female, aged 19 years, wife of a
mariner, low fever consequent on cholera 19 days since.
Removed from King’s Arms-gardens, a low damp place,
containing about 30 miserable huts; no drainage and
badly supplied with water ; fever, &c., always pre-
vailing.”

“ On July 27th, at 6 New-court, Bluegate-fields, a
bricklayer’s labourer, aged 53 years, diarrhoea 24 hours,
cholera 18 hours. This court contains 9 houses, with
2 public privies having communication with the drain,
from which most obnoxious effluvia arises.’’

“ On July 28th, at 8 Seven Star-alley Ratcliff-high-
way, daughter of a tailor, cholera 9 hours. A close,
overcrowded place; several stables in the alley.”

“I11 the Cholera House, on September 7th, from 4
Hungerford-street, a ship-rigger, aged 26 years, cholera
12 hours. Hungerford-street is the worst street in this
district, chiefly inhabited by prostitutes and low cha-
racters ; ill-cleansed, and cellars full of water from want
of drainage.”

“ On October 2nd, in the Cholera House, 3 Bath-
terrace, wife of a labourer, aged 59 years, cholera 24
hours; from 52$ Richard-street. The deceased bad
come the day previous from Mitcham to nurse her
daughter lying in, who had a child lying dead with
cholera, was taken ill shortly after and removed to the
Cholera House, where she died ; 3 other children of the
same family were at this time ill of the same disease.”

The 2 following cases occurred in the Cholera
House : —

“ On October 26th, son of a blacksmith, cholera 24
hours.”

201

in the Sub-Districts of London.

“On October 27th, blacksmith, cholera 9J hours.
The above were a father and. son, removed from 69
Parsons-street, Ratcliff-highway. Six persons were
attacked with cholera residing in this house about the
same time, which is occupied by a coal dealer, and
numerous lodgers.”

23; 3. St. George-in-the-East ; St. John.
Pop. 775 r.- — Choi. 59; Diarr. 20.

Comprises the south part of the parish, including
the London Docks, &c.

In the early part of the year the mortality from
cholera was very considerable ; in the workhouse, in
February, 3 deaths, and in March, ir, were ascribed to
this disease. In June 5 deaths were recorded, the first
on the 3rd, on board a barque in the London Docks;
next on the 20th, at No. 6 Plough-alley. The 2 last
deaths took place September 28th, at No. 3 Hermitage-
street, and at No. 6 Sampson ’s-gardens. Cholera was
fatal to a mariner’s widow, in 6 hours, at. the Workhouse
in Prince’s-street, February 5th; from this date to
March 19th, 14 persons died of the epidemic, the last
death in the Workhouse, August 13th; in this Work-
house 20 died of cholera and 4 from diarrhoea ; the num-
ber of in-door poor about 650. On board ships in the
London Docks, 6 seamen are recorded as having died of
cholera ; the annexed localities likewise suffered, viz. —

Plough-alley,
Green -bank,
Queen-street,
Wapping-street,

Prince’s-street.

King-street,

Great Hermitage-street,
Sampson’s-gardens, &c.

At No. 6 Plough-alley, 2 labourers died of cholera,
in 29 and 26 hours after the attack, between January
20th and 25th. At No. 8 Green-bank, the 2 children
of a nautical-instrument maker were fatally attacked
by cholera, between July 24th and 27th, and another
child of the same family, August 1st ; and also at No.
21 Wapping, a mother and child, August 16th and
17 th, died of the epidemic.

The following cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s notes : —

“ On September 2nd, at 9 Calvert-streef, a lighter-
man, aged 40 years, cholera 6 hours. The house is
very near to a soap and candle manufactory. The
street is not close nor ill-cleansed.”

“ On September 6th, at 7 Plough-alley, a labourer,
aged 34 years, cholera 12 hours. The house and street
are very close. The deceased, his wife and 3 children,
occupied only one very small room.”

“ On September 8th, at 3 King-street, waterman,
aged 64 years, cholera 24 hours. In front of this house
(south-east of the London Docks) is often accumulated
filth of various descriptions ; it is near to a manufactory
of animal charcoal.”

“ O11 September 10th, at 3 Whitethorn-court, son of
coal-whipper, cholera 22 hours. The houses of this
court are small and close, but generally clean. There
are 3 open spaces near to this court which have become
receptacles for the filth of the surrounding neighbour-
hood.”

24; r. Stepney; Shadwell. Pop. 14168.

Choi. 128 ; Diarr. 39.

This Registrar’s district comprises the entire parishes
of St. John, Wapping, andSt. Paul, Shadwell, extend-
ing eastward on the side of the river from Dock-side to
St. Katherine’s Dock to Love-lane ; bounded on the
north by part of the Commercial-road and the London
Docks, &c.

Cholera appeared on June 1 8th, at No. 333 High-
street, Wapping, the wife of a shipwright died in 14
hours; likewise a fatal case occurred on the 19th, and
another on the 2olh in the same house. The epidemic
increased in July, continued with great severity in

August, and attained its maximum on September 8th
then gradually declined to October 7th, when the last
death occurred at No. 3 Peel-alley.

Mariners, coal-whippers, labourers, &c., and their
families, were amongst the greatest sufferers from
cholera, residing in —

Old and New Gravel-lane,
High-street,

Labour-in- Vain-street,
Dean-street,

Wapping Wall,

Spring-street,

Three Cup-alley,
Billet-court,

IFox-and- Goose-yard,
Bell Wharf-hill, &c.

Seventeen deaths by cholera occurred on board ships
and barges lying in the river Thames, off' Shadwell
and Wapping.

In the Workhouse, Wapping, ri deaths were referred
to cholera and 8 to diarrhoea.

At 125 High-street, Wapping, 2 deaths from cholera
took place in 14 hours and 6 hours after the attack,
and in the same house a death from diarrhoea, all
within 4 days; and at No. 61, the wife of a licensed
victualler, aged 49 years, died in 16 hours; in the
same house 4 days after, September 3rd, a carpenter
also died of cholera in 22 hours. At No. 4 Billet-
court, 3 children died from cholera and one from
diarrhoea.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On August 2 1st, at 4 Mermaid-court, hat-maker,
aged 13 years, diarrhoea one day, cholera 11 hours.
A narrow, confined, and ill-ventilated court.”

“ On August 22nd, at 1 Cross-alley, Wapping,
daughter of a labourer, diarrhoea 6 weeks. A very
dirty house, with an offensive privy in the passage.”

“ On August 2 1st, at 4 Star-street, coal-whipper, aged
46 years, cholera 64 hours. House clean ; cows kept
at the back.”

“On August 23rd, on board the brig “ Heron,” off
Cole-stairs, mariner, cholera 15 hours. Ship clean, and
well ventilated.”

“ On August 28th, at 7 Match-walk, a labourer, aged
26 years, cholera 20 hours. Thirty persons lived in this
house.”

“ On August 30II1, at 5 Rance’s-place, Shadwell,
needlewoman, aged 19 years, cholera 16 hours. A
close confined court, having two open privies facing the
house, the stench very offensive.”

“On September 4th, at 28 Spring-street, wife of
cow-keeper, aged 31 years, cholera 4 days. House
close and badly ventilated ; cows kept in the front.
This is the second case that has occurred in this
house.”

“ On September 6th, at 2 Bell Wharf hill,' mariner,
aged 23 years, cholera 7 hours. Privy in the cellar,
slowly diffusing its deleterious and poisonous efiluvia
through the house. The informant further states, that
the stench is so intolerable at times, as to compel them
to leave the house.”

“ On September 6th, at 7 Three Cup-alley, daughter
of labourer, cholera 15 hours. A very ditty house and
overcrowded. Facing the house is a bone and offal
boiler’s, pouring forth its hortid stench ; a little farther
on a dust-yard, with its decomposing animal and vege-
table matter, around which several cases of cholera
have occurred.”

“ On September 7th, at 5 Three Cup-alley, son of
coal-whipper, cholera 10 hours. Thirty-four persons
live in this house, which consists only of 6 rooms.”

“ On September 8th, at 7 Three Cup-alley, daughter
of labourer, cholera 14 hours. This makes the third
fatal case in this place, and several other persons were
attacked.”

“On September 8th, at 18 Fox’s-lane, wife of mari-

202

Notes on Cholera

ner, aged 34 years, cholera 10 hours. Facing this
house is a gully-hole, emitting its disgusting and
offensive effluvia, to the great annoyance of the inmates
and foot-passengers ; also a foul drain in the cellar.”

“ On September 22nd, at 6 Martin’s-buildings,
charwoman, aged 18 years, cholera 19 hours. A court,
consisting of a row of six houses, shut in on all sides ;
the entrance is at one end, under a long and narrow
arch, and in consequence badly ventilated. Supply
of water very deficient, and place much overcrowded.
Close by is a dust yard, also an animal charcoal manu-
factory, and a bone boiler’s, diffusing their noxious
effluvia through the whole neighbourhood.”

24; 2. Stepney; Ratcliff. Pop. 11874.

Choi. 96 ; Diarr. 29.

Bounded on the south by the river Thames, from
Love-lane, Shadwell to Kidney-street, extending north
to part of Commercial-road to Stepney-green, &c.

Cholera became fatal on June 10th, in a vessel on
the river Thames; next case the 20th, at No. 4 Vine-
yard-place; it continued during the month of July,
when there were 25 deaths; in August, 30; and in
September, 32 ; and it entirely ceased on October
15th, on which day a mariner, aged 34 years, died on
board a ship in the Regent Dock.

Between August 26th and September 13th, 35
persons were deprived of life ; the greatest number of
deaths in one day occurred August 30th.

Eight fatal cases of cholera are recorded on board
ships in the river Thames off Ratcliff.

In the Cholera Hospital, White Horse-street, 3 deaths
were registered.

In the Union Workhouse, York-street West, 6 deaths
from cholera and 2 from diarrhoea.

The following localities likewise suffered —

Vine-yard, place, passage,
&c.

Painter's -rents,

Lond on-street.
Queen-street,*
Brook-street,

Broad-street,

Three Fox-court,
Ratcliff-square,

Stone Stairs-court,
Dunstan’s-court,
James-place, &c. &c.

A beer-shop keeper and his wife died of cholera on
July nth and 13th, at “The Cricketers,” in London-
street.

On July 29th, 2 children died of cholera at No. 20
London-street, and another on the 2isf, in 4 hours after
the attack ; also at No 45, 2 fatal cases of cholera were
recorded.

During July, August, and September, the deaths from
all causes numbered 158, whilst the births amounted to
108, and in this period more than half the mortality
arose from cholera.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August 19th, on board a ship in the river
Thames, ship carpenter, aged 34 years, cholera 13
hours.”

“ On August 19th, at 4 Harris-court, ballast heaver,
cholera 10 hours. Close neighbourhood, densely
populated by the lower classes.”

“On August 20th, at 2 Three Compass-court, wife
of tobacco-pipe maker, cholera 26 hours. Confined
and crowded situation.”

“On August 2 1st, at 5 Queen Catherine-court, son
of labourer, diarrhoea. Very close, overcrowded by
low persons, and ill cleansed.”

“On August 23rd, at 17 Ratcliff-cross, house-
keeper, aged 64 years, cholera 26 hours. An open
street, close to the river. A common sewer in front
discharges itself into the river.”

“On September 4th, at 8 Stone Stairs-court, widow
of labourer, aged 57 years, cholera 12 hours. This

is the fourth death within the month which has occurred
in this house.’’

“ On September 6th, at 4 George-court, Harris-
court, mariner, aged 29 years, cholera 6 hours. Close,
overcrowded, and not cleanly.”

24; 3. Stepney; Mile End, Old Town, Upper.
Pop. 25570. — Choi. 80 ; Diarr. 35.

On the north bounded by Oxford-street, Redman’s-
row, &c.; on the south by the Commercial-road ; on the
west by Union-street, &c.

Cholera broke out at No. 16 Diamond-row, on June
9th ; next case the 24th, then the 30th ; in July, 5 ;
rose to 47 in August; 24 in September, and one in
October, on the 1st, at 30 Baker-street ; a previous
death occurred at this house on September 27th.
3 1 persons died of cholera from the 9th to the 19th
August; after September 3rd it declined, and nearly
ceased by the end of the month.

The following localities suffered from the epidemic,
namely —

New-street,
Turner-street,
Plumers’s row,
Fairfield-street,
Charles-street,

W ellington-street,

York-street,

Sidney-square,

Oxford-street,

Gloucester-street,

Baker-street,

&c.

In Deacon’s farmhouse for paupers belonging to
the City of London Union, 6 deaths were recorded
from cholera and 6 from diarrhoea.

A man, aged 72 years, died of cholera in 12 hours,
on August t9th, at No. 4 Horsley’s-buildings ; in the
same house, on the nth, a single woman, aged 22
years, died 14 hours after the attack. At No. 10 New-
street, between July nth and 14th, the wife of a porter
and 2 children died of cholera.

At 96 York-street, on September 1st, a floor-cloth
painter, aged 26 years, was seized with cholera, and
died in 12 hours. On the following day his son was
attacked, and also died in 12 hours; had had
diarrhoea previously.

The following cases are taken from the Registrar's
reports : —

“ On August Ilth, at 4 Horsley’s-buildings, a female
servant, aged 22 years, cholera 14 hours, vomiting and
purging 11 hours, cramp and collapse 7 hours. This
court (in which there are 13 houses) is next to a yard
where they mix night-soil with cow dung, &c., for
manure, and there had not been any water on in
the court for 7 days.”

“On August 19th, at 14 New-street, wife of comb-
maker, aged 39 years, diarrhoea 3 days, cholera 24
hours. Nearly all the houses on one side have been
visited with the epidemic, whilst on the other side there
has not been a case. On the side where the disease has
been raging, there was formerly a black ditch, and at
the back of the houses there is a large pickling ware-
house, which is a great nuisance to the houses.”

“ On September 8th, at 83 Heath-street, a cooper, aged
56 years, cholera 12 hours. A very narrow and con-
fined street, densely populated, in which there are
upwards of 100 houses, many of them with several
families.”

24; 4. Stepney; Mile End, Old Town, Lower.
Pop. 19738. — Choi. 86; Diarr. 47.

This district lies east of the Cambridge-road, south
of the Eastern Counties Railway, and includes a part
of Bow-common.

Cholera appeared on June 21st, in the "Workhouse,
and was fatal in 12 hours to a widow, aged 60 years ;
the next 3 deaths occurred on June 26th, at No. 7
John’s-terrace, the 2 sons and a daughter of a retired
grocer, each attack not exceeding 12 hours’ duration ;

203

in the Sub-Districts of London.

in August the mortality considerably increased, and
was fatal to 41 persons ; in September 28, and entirely
ceased on October 15th. The epidemic was at its
height on August 22nd, on this day 5 deaths were
recorded ; diarrhoea was prevalent in August, Sep-
tember, and October.

Between August 21st and September 10th, 43
deaths were assigned to cholera. The epidemic was
principally fatal in the following streets, &c. —

On August 24th, a death from cholera occurred on
board a vessel in the river Thames, off Limehouse.
The subjoined localities suffered from the epidemic. —

W atchman’s-court,
New River Head,
Nightingale-buildings
and lane,

Ann’s-court and place,
Salmon's-lane,

Five Bell-alley,

Ropemaker’s-fields,

Rigman’s-rents,

Rugg-street,

Eastfield-street,

North-street, &c.

Nelson-street, J Green-street,

Regent-street, Hayfield-passage and

Spring Gardens-place, I place,
Devonshire-street, I Ann-street and row,

James-street, | Globe-fields, &o. &c.

The annexed table shows the deaths by cholera in
the Globe-road W orkhouse : —

Males.

Females.

June

I

July

6

I

August . .

12

8

September .

3

8

Total

21

18

Cholera . .

39

Diarrhoea . .

12

In-door paupers about 240.

At No. 6 Green-street, Globe-fields, September 1st,
the wife of a traveller, aged 71 years, died of an
attack of cholera in 18 hours; her husband, aged 69
years, in 4 days alter, was likewise attacked and died
in 15 hours; and on September 9th, a salesman’s
clerk, aged 45 years, was deprived of life from the
same cause in 18 hours.

The following cases are from the Registrar’s re-
ports : —

“ At No. 1 jCottage-row, on September 12th, an
engraver’s widow, aged 70 years, and her daughter,
aged 28 years, on the same day and in the same house,
died from cholera.”

“On September 13th, at 6 Queen-street, Globe-
fields, son of clerk to salesman (deceased), cholera 4
days. The fourth death in the same house.”

“ On September 4th, at 15 Ann-street, Globe-fields,
wife of labourer, aged 24 years, diarrhoea, cholera 4
days. No drains, all the waste water thrown into the
street.”

24; 5. Stepney; Limehouse. Pop. 19337- —
Choi. X X r ; Diarr. 34.

Extends east on the side of the river Thames, from
Kidney-street to Limehouse Dock, and on the north
to Bow-common, North-street, &c.

First fatal case of cholera on June 24th, at Salmon’s-
lane ; on the 25th, in the same house, another death
occurred ; the following table represents the deaths
from cholera and diarrhoea : —

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Cholera .....
Diarrhoea

4

I

25

3

50
: 2

31

IO

I

4

Cholera attained its maximum on August 15th, and
continued very prevalent to September 12th. The last
case on October 9th, at 51 North-street.

At No. 16 Gill-street, on June 2nd, a labourer and
bis daughter died of cholera. On the same day, at.
No. 3 Nightingale-lane, 2 blacksmiths, aged respectively
52 and 62 years, also died from cholera, each case of
24 hours’ duration. Ou August 23rd, the wife of a nail-
maker, aged 33 years, died of cholera in 36 hours, at,
142 Eastfield-street; in the same house, on the 25th
and 26th, 2 children died in 13 hours and 8 hours after
the attack.

25; 1. Poplar; Bow. Pop. 10780. — Choi. 1 13 ;
Diarr. 42.

Comprises the parishes of Bow and Bromley St.
Leonard ; bounded on the east by the river Lea, on the
south by the East India Import Dock, on the west by
Bethnal-green and Stepney ; the north including the
south-east part of Victoria Park, &c.

Four deaths from cholera were registered in January,
7 in February, and 2 in March ; after an interval of
3 months, on July 2nd, a straw-bonnet maker, aged 31
years, was attacked and died in 11 hours, at 4 Mill-
street, Bromley; next case on the 7th, another on the
loth; during the month 21 persons died, August 29,
September 43, and the number declined in October to
7 ; on the 20th the last fatal case, at Bow-common.
In the first 11 days of September 26 persons fell
victims to the cholera epidemic ; the greatest mortality
was observed on September 4th and 5th.

Mechanics and labourers, with their families, chiefly
suffered, the epidemic prevailing extensively in the sub-
joined localities and adjacent neighbourhoods, viz, —

Marv-street,

Frederick-street,

Old Ford,

Tbomas-street,

Orchard-street,

Bow-common,

Four Mill-street,

High-street, Bow,
Telley-street,

Amrriel -street,
Bromley-terrace, Bow
Bridge,

Bow-lane. &c.

At No. 3 Henry-street, on July 10th, a brass-
worker, aged 49 years, died of an attack of cholera inn
hours ; on the following day his daughter was attacked,
death succeeded also in 11 hours. At No. 8 Mary-
street, 3 deaths from cholera were recorded between July
2istand 28th. At No. 5 Bromley-terrace, Bow Bridge,
September 15th, a lamplighter, aged 32 years, died of
cholera in 12 hours ; in 2 days after, at the same house,
his wife was attacked, and died in 24 hours. Diarrhoea
of a severe character prevailed in the autumn, and was
fatal to 22 inmates of the Grove Hall Luatic Asylum,
where also 3 are recorded as having died of cholera
contains near 4C0 inmates.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’
reports : —

“ A labourer, aged 52 years, cholera 20 hours, pre-
monitory symptoms 2 days previously” {inquest).

“A licensed victualler, aged 52 years, cholera,
consecutive fever, congestion of the brain, 8 days.”

“ A female, aged 25 years, cholera 24 hours.”

“ The first of the above was a labourer, who resided
in a small house and yard of the most filthy descrip-
tion, situated in Quay-lane, Bromley. The next was a
licensed victualler at the ‘ Five Bells,’ Old Ford, Bow,
a low dirty neighbourhood adjoining the River Lea.

204

Notes on Cholera

He had suffered from diarrhoea previously, which was
removed by medical aid, but immediately afterwards
he incautiously ate a quantity of preserved sloes before
going to bed. The third resided in a court near the
River Lea, in Bromley.”

“ On July 7th, at 8 George-street, Bromley, labourer
aged 31 years, Asiatic cholera 29 hours {inquest).
The street is well ventilated, but has no other than
surface drainage.”

“ On July 15th, at 4 Mill-street, near River Lea,
wife of a bricklayer, aged 68 years, cholera, preceded
by diarrhoea for 7 hours. There not being any water
supplied to these houses, the inmates are compelled to
fetch their water from the River Lea, at the mouth of
the Bromley Canal, otherwise called the Limehouse
Cut, on the sides of which are numerous factories or
chemical works, which pour off their waste liquors,
&c., into the waters of the canal ; the canal is also a
receptacle for dead dogs, cats, and other small animals,
frequently seen floating on the discoloured waters;
and on every occasion of opening the locks at the
Bromley end, there is a rush of the floating scum into
the Lea, where already float large quantities of
similar impurities which have descended the river,
but are kept back at this point by a mill-head. It is
here, in this conflux, or rather concentration of liquid
filth, that the poor of the neighbourhood dip their pails
or tubs for their daily supplies, whilst those who do
not dip for themselves are supplied from the same
source by persons who vend it through the streets.”

“ On September 9th, at 38 High-street, Bow, wife
of hatter, aged 47 years, cholera 20 hours. A low
neighbourhood, lying near the River Lea, into which
it is drained ; and at the flowing of the tide the stench
is described as being nauseous in the extreme. This
locality includes Ammiel-street, Bromley-terrace, part
of High-street, Bromley, and part of High-street,
Bow. Eleven cases have happened in this locality
during the last week.”

“ On September 2nd, at 1 Pivot's-place, Old Ford,
servant, aged 35 years, cholera 18 hours. Open and
airy, but without drainage, and at heavy rains the
water overflows the privies and floods the yard, which
was the case a day or two before this death occurred.”

“ On September 9th, at Bow-common, Bromley,
son’ of labourer, cholera 18 hours. Surrounded by
numerous chemical manufactories, and adjoining the
Bromley Canal, from which water is chiefly obtained.”

“ On September nth, at Old Ford, Bow, son of
barge-builder, scarlatina with diarrhoea 5 days, cholera
2 days. Open and airy, but situated in the marshes,
adjoining the River Lea.”

“ On September 19th, at 23 Carter-street, Bromley,
wife of hay and straw dealer, aged 42 years, cholera
20 hours. The husband states that his wife and
family were with him on board of a barge, which he
inconsiderately anchored off a filthy sewer at Woolwich
a few evenings ago, and during the night one of his
children was seized with cholera; he came the
next day to Blackwall, and removed his family into
lodgings in Bromley, where other children were affecled
with the like disease, and subsequently his wife. The
children are still living, but the wife died afler 20
hours’ illness.”

“On September 25th, at 3 Summer-street, daughter
of painter, diarrhoea 8 days. A small street, having
no thoroughfare, badly ventilated. House consists of
4 small rooms, occupied by 3 families.”

“On September 2 1st, at 1 Tavern-terrace, Brom-
ley, groom, cholera 8 days. A very low neighbour-
hood, adjoining ditches; very crowded, and every way
unfavourable to health.”

“ On September 27th, at 2 Bromley-terrace, Brom-

—

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Cholera . . . . .

4

72

48

69

5

Diarrhoea. ....

• •

5

6

12

6

ley, widow of shipwright, diarrhoea 2 weeks. Well
drained and ventilated, but adjoining open ditches and
the marshes. This is not the Bromley-terrace near
Bow-bridge, where also many deaths have happened
from cholera.”

2;; 2. Poplar; Poplar. Pop. 20342.

Choi. 200; Diarr. 35.

Comprises the entire parish of All Saiids, Poplar,
bounded by the river Thames from Limehouse Dock
to the river Lea, and the parts of the river known as
Limehouse Reach, Greenwich Reach, and Blackwall
Reach, enclosing the Isle of Dogs; on the north includ-
ing part of the East India Dock-road, &c.

Cholera was very prevalent in this district, and con-
tinued with great severity after July 10th ; from this
date, in 11 days, 50 persons died. The greatest mor-
tality was on July 21st; on this day 11 had fallen
victims to the cholera epidemic, which prevailed
throughout August and September and the first 8 days
of October ; from this time it ceased to be fatal.

A fatal case of cholera occurred on February 13th,
in 7 hours, on board a ship in the West India Dock,
and another, March nth, in Island-row, Mill-wall.

On board ships in West India Docks . 2 deaths.

„ Tyndall’s Dock, Mill-wall 1 „

,, River Thames, off Poplar, &c.2 „

The following localities suffered severely from
cholera, viz. —

Cold Harbour,

Cubitt’s Brickfield, Isle of
Dogs,

Sophia-streef,

Nelson-court,

Well’s-street,

Albert-place,

Ferry-row, Isle of Dogs,
Silver Lion-court,
Chapel-house, Isle of Dogs,
High-street,

Robin Hood-lane,
lndia-row, Well’s-street,
Woolmore-street, &c.

Shipwrights, mariners, watermen, labourers, &c„ were
principally afflicted with cholera. In the Union Work-
house Infirmary, in North-street, 38 persons perished
from the epidemic, of this number 10 were labourers,
and 6 described as mariners, and in this infirmary a
shoemaker and his 3 children died of cholera between
July 1 6 th and 18th. The annexed table shows the
progress of cholera in the Workhouse Infirmary: —

—

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Total.

Men

I

9

10

4

24

Women

• •

I

2

7

10

Children

• •

4

• •

• •

4

Total . . .

I

14

12

II

38

The in-door paupers about 600. Three deaths from
diarrhoea were also recorded in the Workhouse.

At No. 53 Cold Harbour, Poplar, July 10th, a
shipwright’s son died in 9 hours of cholera ; in 2 days
after, in the same house, a mastmaker, aged 28 years,
death succeeded in 13 hours after the attack ; and also
in the same house, on July 19th, a shipwright and his
wife, both on the same day, died of cholera, the first in
22 hours and the second in 18 hours after the attack.
Two deaths from the same disease happened at No. 25.

in the Sub-Districts of London.

205

At No. 37 Robin Hood-lane, on July 13th, the 2
children of a shoemaker died of cholera; and at No.
14 Silver Lion-court, on the 28th and 29th August, a
labourer and his wife were seized with cholera ; the
first survived 7 hours and the second 8 hours after the
attack.

LONDON. — South Districts.
SURREY (Part of).

26; 1. St. Saviour; Christchurch. Pop. 14616.
— Choi. 256 ; Diarr. 50.

Bounded on the north by the river Thames, ex-
tending east and west of Blackfriars Bridge; on the
south by Surrey-row, &c., and on the west by the
Broadwall, comprising the entire parish of Christ-
church, Southwark.

Cholera became fatal in this locality on June 27th ;
on that day 2 deaths were recorded in the Workhouse,
and on the 29th 2 more ; 35 deaths ascribed to cholera
were registered in different parts of this district in July,
13 1 in August, 78 in September, 5 in October, and
one in November, the last on the 7th, at Boundary-
row. The epidemic attained its height in the last week
of August and the first week in September, during
which period 68 persons were fatally attacked ; the
greatest number in any one day occurred on September
4th, after which date the epidemic began to subside.
The proportion of the sexes were 106 males to 150
females. The deaths from diarrhoea were chiefly chil-
dren under 2 years of age. In the following localities
cholera proved fatal —

Broadwall

•

•

14

deaths.

Holland-street, .

•

7

99

Charlotte-street .

•

9

99

Gravel-lane . .

9

99

Blackfriars-road .

11

99

Bear-lane .

7

19

Coll ingwood-street

11

19

John-street . .

•

8

99

Surrey-street

•

8

99

In St. Saviour's Workhouse, 53 deaths from cholera
and 14 from diarrhoea were registered during the
year ; the number of iu-duor poor about 450, some of
whom were persons removed into the Workhouse from
the Registrar’s district of St. Saviour. On August
24th, a fishmonger and his wife died of cholera, at
13 Cross-street ; also, on September 9th, a butcher’s
widow and her daughter, at 4 Goodwin-square. 150
births and 379 deaths from all causes were registered
in the 3 months of July, August, and September. The
deaths from cholera numbered 244 during the 3
months, whilst from all other diseases but 135.

26; 2. St. Saviour; St. Saviour. Pop. 18359.
— Choi. 283 ; Diarr. 61.

Bounded on the uorth by the river Thames, west of
London Bridge, forming the entire parish of St.
Saviour, Southwark.

124 males and 159 females died of the cholera epi-
demic, chiefly in the months of July, August, and Sep-
tember, the numbers being respectively 56, 1 19, and 9 1 ;
in the early portion of the year 7 cases proved fatal,
then after a lapse of 3 months the epidemic broke out
on June 1 8th, at 32 Red Cross-street; from this date a
gradual augmentation continued to September 4th,
on which day 12 fatal cases were recorded; from this
time a decline was observable to October 14th, on
which day the last fatal case occurred at 115 Great
Guildford-street ; 20 of the deaths from diarrhoea were

of adults. The following were some of the localities
in which cholera prevailed —

Great Guildford-street,

Emerson-street,

Back-alley,

Red Cross-street,

Union-street,

Ewer-street,

Norfolk-street,

Stoney-street,

Russell-place,

Gravel-lane,

Bedford-row,

Dyers’-buildings,

Holland-street,

Bank-side,

High-street, &c.

One death from cholera is recorded in Guy’s
Hospital, and in St. Thomas’s Hospital one death
from diarrhoea. (For further information see the St.
Olave district.) On February 4th, the son of a
shoemaker died of diarrhoea, on the 7th, another son
from cholera, and on the 9th the father from the same
cause, all in the same house, at No. 7 Orange-street.
On August nth, the 2 children of a hatter died of
cholera, after attacks of 12 and 13 hours, at 9 Norfolk-
street ; an engineer's wife and son were likewise fatally
attacked on September 6th, at 34 King-street. The
working classes and their families chiefly suffered.

27; r. St. Olave; St. Olave. Pop. 9172.

Choi. 157 ; Diarr. 16.

Cholera made its appearance in this district (com-
prising the parishes of St. Olave and St. Thomas)
on June 10th ; was fatal in July to 39 persons, in
August to 59, in September to 48, and in October
to 4, the last case recorded on the 7th ; in six days,
from September 5 th to the 10th, 22 deaths occurred,
after which date the epidemic subsided.

The principal neighbourhoods attacked were — ■

Magdalen-court,

St. Thomas-street East,
Vine-yard,
Tooley-street,
Webb-street,

Green Bank,
John-street,
Marble- court,
Robin Hood-court,
Stoney-lane, &c.

Sixty-one deaths from cholera and 5 from diarrhoea
occurred in St. Thomas’s Hospital, number of patients
about 430 ; and 3 deaths from cholera and one from
diarrhoea in Guy’s Hospital, average patients about 490.
(See the St. Saviour district, in which a part of these
hospitals are situated.) Some of the deaths were of
persons removed into St. Thomas's Hospital from lo-
calities not within this Registrar’s district, and more
properly belong to those districts in which the fatal
attack commenced prior to removal. Three nurses died
from cholera i.11 St. Thomas’s Hospital, and one from
diarrhoea in Guy's.

At Carpenter Smith’s wharf, on August 1st, the 2
daughters of a wharfinger died of cholera, and also on
the 5th a brother and sister of the above.

Two persons died of cholera at Robin ITood-court
on September 6th.

Five deaths from cholera took place in vessels lying
off in the river Thames (the northern boundary of this
district east from London Bridge).

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On August x 2 th, at 6 Grevison’s-rents, Webb-street,
son of labouier died of cholera in 26 hours. A close
court, and ill drained ; several deaths have occurred
there from cholera.'’

‘‘The wife of a hide-sorter and 2 children died of
cholera within 4 days at No. 4 John-street, Webb-street.
The medical certificate contains the following re-
mark : — ‘ The drainage of the house, and the stench
therefrom, is most poisonous.’ ”

“ On August 23rd, at 9 Webb-street, wife of hatter,
premonitory diarrhoea 3 days, cholera one day. The
medical attendant adds on tiie certificate, ‘ the state

206

Notes on Cholera

of the drainage in tiiis house is pestilential, and the
water is in a bad state.’ ”

27; 2. St. Olave; St. John, Horsleydown. Pop.
10665. — Choi. 192 ; Diarr. 33.

Includes the entire parish of St. John, Horsley-
down.

Cholera prevailed in this district, commencing on
June 12th, atSusanna-place, and gradually increased to
September 4th and 5th, 011 which days the epidemic
attained its greatest severity ; after September 13th a
perceptible decline continued to October 1st, from
this date the locality was free from the disease. The
number of fatal cases returned in 3 months were in
July 48; in August 79; and September 56. In
these 3 months the deaths from all causes exceeded the
births by i8r ; 183 deaths were from cholera, and 79
from all other causes.

In the Union Workhouse, 28 deaths from cholera
and 13 from diarrhoea were registered during the year,
including those removed from the Registrar’s district
of St. Olave, the number of inmates about 340. The
epidemic was prevalent in —

Fair-street,

Surrey buildings,

Tooley-street,

Freeman’s-lane,

Gainsford-street,

Thomas-street,

Vine-yard,

&c.

In vessels lying off Horsleydown in the river
Thames, 3 deaths from cholera occurred, situated
nearly oposite the Tower of London.

The following notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On January 13th, at 2 Griffith’s-rents, a dressmaker,
aged 25 years, cholera 14 hours. The above case
occurred in a filthy place, exposed to an open sewer.”

“ On July 13th, at 30 College-street, son of a toy-
maker, aged 4 years, cholera 10 hours, convulsions 4
hours. Two street-gratings in front of this house, in
which 2 cases had previously occurred.”

In his return for the week ending August 4th, the
Registrar states that “ no less than 9 deaths have taken
place this week in Surrey-buildings from cholera, and
other persons are lying dangerously ill. The court
contains about 14 houses, which are constantly exposed
to the effluvia of an open sewer ; the water they drink
is from a well, which is not protected from the
drainage of the sewers.’’

“ On August 15 th, at 3 Freeman’s-lane, widow, aged
64 years, cholera 24 hours. Four persons have died
of cholera in this house.”

“On August 22nd, at 22 Fair-street, wife of currier,
neglected diarrhoea one week, cholera 13 hours. Bad
sewerage.”

“ In the same house, on August 23rd, a single
woman, cholera 26 hours.”

“The complaints of the inhabitants have been
numerous for many years past, but especially during
the prevalence of cholera. More deaths from cholera
have taken place in this street than any other place in
the parish (Surrey-buildings excepted). Sewers run
under every third or fourth house, and the inhabitants
are not sufficiently protected from the effluvia thereof.”

“ On September 10th, at 18 Butler's-place, currier,
aged 37 years, diarrhoea, cholera 3 days. The house
is situated close to a burial ground.”

“ On September 14th, at 13 John-street, son of lighter-
man, aged ir years, cholera 18 hours, congestive fever
2 days. Two persons have died in this house, and
several in the street.”

28; 1. Bermondsey; St. James. Top. 12451. —
Choi. 249; Diarr. 46.

This district forms the eastern part of the parish
of St. Mary Magdalen, viz., St. James Chapelrv,

bounded on the north by the river Thames, and on the
east by Rotherhithe, &c.

109 males and 140 females were deprived of life by
cholera during the year ; in the first 2 months, 4 deaths
from cholera were recorded ; the epidemic then reap-
peared on June 6th, at No. 18 Mill-street ; by the end
of the month 21 persons died, in July 58, August 89,
September 71, October 5, and in November one; last
fatal case on the 7th, at No. 3 Drummond-road. The
greatest mortality in one day was shown on September
2nd, and in this week, ending the 8th, there were 40
deaths from cholera. The annexed table shows the age
and sex in 3 periods of life ; —

Deaths from Cholera.

Age.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

42

52

94

15 years to 60 years . .

60

73

133

60 years and upwards .

7 '

15

22

Total ....

IO9

140

249

Watermen, shipwrights, mariners, bargemen, tanners,
labourers, mechanics, &c., including their families, suf-
ered severely in the following localities, viz, —

Brewer’s-yard,

Mill-street
London-streef,
Jacob-street,
Bird’s-gardens .
Salisbury-lane and street,
Folly, ‘

Napoleon-place,

Cherry Garden-street,
Anthony-street,
West-street,
Corrugated-row,
Printer’ s-place.
Perseverance-place, &c.

Many of the above neighbourhoods are close to a
tidal ditch, emitting pestilential effluvia. The Regis-
trar particularly refers, in the subjoined cases and de-
scription of localites, to this tidal ditch, at Jacob's
Island, as spreading destruction to the surrounding in-
habitants. One death by cholera is recorded in a vessel
lying off in the river Thames, on August 2 7th.

“ The 9 cases of cholera registered during the week
ending June 16th occurred on the banks of the tidal
ditch. Seven of them occurred within 50 yards of
each other. This ditch, formerly used as a mill-stream,
is now the receptacle of all kinds of filth. Putrid
fish in large quantities is frequently thrown in ; many
of the poor drink the water and use it for culinary
purposes.”

“ On August 10th, the 2 daughters of a labourer died
of cholera, in Bird’s-gardens. The father had just
recovered from cholera; on the nth the mother was
attacked, and in collapse, lying in a room not 8
feet square, in a cottage containing 2 rooms, the
bodies of her children in coffins close to her bed. 1 his
cottage forms one of a group situate in Bird’s-gardens,
a locality principally inhabited by the lower order of
Irish, where numbers of pigs have been kept, with no
drainage and no water laid on ; one pump in the garden
from which land-water is drawn highly contaminated
by the surface drainage from several pigsties and pri-
vies (which are always emptied into the gardens) ; in
an opposite house a child is dying of cholera; diarrhoea
abounds. Seven cases in one house this week.”

“ On August 14th, at 4 James-court, waterman,
cholera 3 days. Third fatal case in this court, which
is situate close to the tidal ditch.”

“ On August I2lh,at 5 Perseverance-street, daughter
of journey man leather-dresser, diarrhoea 14 days, aphtha;.

in the Sub-Districts of London.

207

This child’s mother, and also a lodger, died in the same
house, of cholera, a few days before.”

“ On August 12th, at 4 Folly, son of labourer,
cholera 12 hours. Several cases of cholera have
occurred within a few yards of this filthy spot, close to
tidal ditch.”

“On August 15th, at 15 Printer’s-place, widow of
tanner, cholera 18 hours. This is the fourth case of
cholera in same house in 10 days ; 3 have proved
fatal.’’

“ On August 23rd, at4 Jacob-street, son of a deceased
sail-maker, consecutive fever 6 days, cholera 30 hours.
Close, small, badly-ventilated house, near to tidal
ditch ; second death of cholera in same house.”

“ On August 2 1st, at 11 Perseverance-street, wife of
tanner, consecutive fever 7 days, cholera 18 hours.
Many cases of cholera have occurred on this spot, which
was originally a pond.”

“ On August 2 1st, at 20 Earnest-street, wife of whar-
finger’s clerk, aged 35 years, cholera 17 hours. New
house, airy, clean, drainage good. Under the influence
of fear and dread of the cholera, having lost a sister in
same street a few days before.”

“ Six of the deaths registered in the week ending Sep-
tember 1st occurred on the banks of the disgusting tidal
ditch, now rendered more offensive than ever, from a
great length of its narrow part having been covered in ;
nearly all the refuse from the very poorest houses having
accumulated at that part of the ditch near to the new
water pipes, and where, under the window of a typhus
patient, might have been seen the bodies of 13 dead
dogs and cats on one day, beside other offensive
matter.”

“ September 2nd, at 2 Butler’ s-terrace, rope-maker,
aged 40 years, cholera 1 7 hours. Small house, badly
drained, close to tidal ditch.”

“On September 7th, at 32 New Church-street,
daughter of master mariner (deceased), cholera 1 3 hours.
Third fatal case in same family within a few days.”

“ On September 9th, at 2 Crosby- place, daughter of
engineer, cholera.”

“ On September loth, in the same house, mother of
the above, cholera 24 hours. A close, ill-ventilated
house, with 6 small rooms, in which 2 families, con-
sisting of 15 persons, resided ; the back kitchen boarded
over a sewer, the stench from which is very foul ; there
have been 5 cases of cholera in this house ; 2 have
proved fatal.”

“ On September 12th, at 24 East-lane, wife of fireman,
aged 30 years, cholera .30 hours, consecutive fever 10
days. Second death within a few days in same house,
a death next door also.”

“ On September nth, at 23 Edward-street, labourer,
aged 21 years, cholera 24 hours, fever 6 days. Narrow
street, house small, generally dirty, badly drained, and
close over tidal ditch.”

“ On September 12th, at 7 Napoleon-place, son of
hoop-bender, cholera 23 hours. Narrow court; badly
ventilated and drained. Third death in same house in
3 weeks.”

“ On September 14th, at East-lane, son of master
lighterman, aged 4 years, cholera 14 hours. Several
deaths in this lane within a few days. House good,
airy, clean, well ventilated, bad drainage around.”

“ On October 2nd, at 10 Corrugated-row, brass-
founder, aged 57 years, diarrhoea some days, neglected,
cholera 36 hours. Apparently well drained, new houses,
open situation, clean ; but nevertheless this is the 24th
death from cholera or diarrhoea within 200 yards of
this spot. Some open drains and many offensive ex-
halations in the immediate neighbourhood.”

“ On October 8th, at 4 Goat-alley, wife of mariner,
aged 53 years, cholera 2 days, exhaustion and debility

26 days. Second fatal case in same house ; one fatal
case occurred next door ; houses very small and close ;
drainage bad ; smell offensively ; houses crowded.”

“ On October 16th, at 10 London-street, son of clock-
case maker, cholera 40 days, consecutive fever. The
sister of this boy was seized with cholera at same time
and died. Close lodging-house, within 5 yards of tidal
ditch.”

28; 2. Bermondsey ; St. Mary Magdalen.

Pop. 9721 Choi. 259; Diarr. 55.

Cholera was fatal to 113 males and 146 females ; the
epidemic prevailed extensively in the months of July,
August, and September, successively 76, 100, and 67
deaths. On June 13th the first case was registered at
Mellick-place, a costermonger’s wife, aged 25 years,
survived the attack 24 hours. The next case occurred
at No. 1 Wellington-street, on the r6th. By the end
of June, 6 deaths were registered. The epidemic con-
tinued to spread in July, and increased in August.
During the first 21 days of September the mortality
did not show any abatement, but after that period it
declined ; in October, 7 fatal cases occurred, the last
2 took place on the 8th, the one at Bell-court, the other
in Bermondsey-square. The greatest mortality from
the epidemic was on August 1st and. 30th, on each of
which days 9 deaths from cholera were registered, and
8 on September 1 6th.

Tanners, leather-dressers, dyers, cutters, &c., mecha-
nics and the working classes generally, were sufferers
from cholera, residing in the following localities, which
intersect the centre of the parish between the St. James’s
and Leather Market districts —

Millick-place,

Bermondsey-street,

Bermondsey-square,

Great George-street,

Albert-street,

Cross-street,

Willow-walk,

Grange-walk,

Fawcett-court,

Hanover-street,

Fendall-street,

Crucifix-lane, &c.

In the Bermondsey Workhouse during the year 1849
(the inmates numbering about 600), 57 deaths were
recorded from cholera and 15 from diarrhoea, a por-
tion of which were of persons removed from the St.
James's and Leather Market districts situated in this
Union.

Deaths from Cholera.

Age.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .
15 to 60 years . . .

60 years and upwards .

26

61

26

36

84

26

62

145

52

Total . .

113

146

259

Of the 55 deaths from diarrhoea, 14 only were of
adults.

28; 3. Bermondsey; The Leather Market.

Pop. 12775. — Choi. 226 ; Diarr. 48.

This district comprises the western part of the parish
of St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey.

An isolated case of cholera proved fatal on March
3rd, at No. 6 Ship and Mermaid-row ; after an interval
of 13 weeks, the epidemic was fatal on June 13th, at
No. 2 West-street, and by the end of the month 5 other
cases proved fatal ; in July 60, in August 75, in Sep-
tember 79, in October 3 ; the last and only case in
November, on the 10th, at No 1 Green-walk. In the
first 12 days of September, 60 deaths were ascribed to
cholera; 8 deaths were registered on the 3rd, and 8 on

208

i

Notes on Cholera

the 6th ; the epidemic declined after September 20th.
Tanners and their families suffered more than any
other class in this district. On August 13th, at No. 5
Aldred-street, 3 persons died of cholera in one day ;
the duration in each case respectively was 8, 12, and
8 hours. Cholera was most fatal in —

William-street,

Ed ward-street,

Snow’s-lields,

Long-lane,

Chapel-place,

Baalzephon-street,

Allice-street,
Smith’s-buildings,
Crosby-row,
Bermondsey New-road,
John-street,

&c.

The Registrar, in his returns, describes the following
cases : —

“On August 13th, at 17 King-street, Bermondsey
New-road, wife of brush-maker, cholera 32 hours.
Thickly inhabited by a very poor and dirty class of
people.”

“On August 1 6th, at 1 Kirby-street, Snow’s-fields,
son of labourer, diarrhoea 8 or 9 days, convulsions from
dentition 4 hours. Thickly populated with the lowest
and dirtiest order of people.”

“On August 27th, at 8 New Weston-street, wife of
journeyman carpenter, cholera 3 hours.”

“In the same house, on August 28th, journeyman
carpenter, cholera 12 hours. This and the preceding
were husband and wife, and very recently come from
the country.”

“ On August 27th, at 22, John-street, son of a jour-
neyman leather-strainer, cholera 7 hours.”

“In the same house, on August 29th, wife of jour-
neyman leather-strainer, cholera 13 hours. Mother of
the above, and 2 more of her children were attacked
with the same disease.”

“ On September 2nd, at 47 Baalzephon-street, Long-
lane, journeyman cordwainer, cholera 12 hours, collapse
4 days.”

“ On September 6th, in the same house, widow of
journeyman cordwainer, cholera 12 hours. Wife of
the above; and on August 26th, a child of theirs (6
years old) died of cholera.”

29; 1. St. George, Southwark; Kent Road.—
Pop. 15671. — Choi. 267; Diarr. 44.

Cholera prevailed with much severity in this district.
Five fatal cases are recorded in the early part of the
year. The epidemic subsequently broke out on June
7th, at No. 6 York-street; by the end of the month 4
persons died. In July the mortality rose to 70,
increased to 103 in August, 76 in September, and
decreased to 9 in October, — the last fatal attack on the
28th, at No. 34 Wycombe-place : on September 9th,
the epidemic was at its height; on this day 10 persons
were deprived of life. The deaths from diarrhoea were
37 children, and 7 adults.

Cholera was fatal in —

Henry-street,

Hunter-street,

Paul’s-yard,

Stanford-place,

St. George's-place,

Kenf-streef,
Red-cross,
Potier-street,
Noel-court,
Mermaid-court, &c.,

forming the eastern part of the parish of St. George the
Martyr, Southwark, lying between Bermondsey and
Newington.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 20th, at 31 Hunter-street, single woman,
aged 17 years, cholera 14 hours. The deceased
attended upon 3 persons wiio died of cholera in the
same house on the 19th instant, and was herself taken
ill and died the next day.”

“On July 30th, at 9 Surrey-place, woolstapler,
cholera 16 hours.”

“ On July 31st, in the same house, wife of the above,
cholera 26 hours.”

“ Also on the same day, and in the same house, son
of the above, aged 17 years, cholera 30 hours.”

“ The above deaths occurred in one of the best
houses in the parish, and in a neighbourhood usually
considered remarkably healthy.”

“On August 12th, at 5 Fox’s-buildings, single
woman, cholera 16 hours. A dirty court, leading out
of Kent-street ; houses and court in a very damp and
filthy condition.”

“ On August 10th, at 10 Rephidim-street, son of
bricklayer, diarrhoea 14 days. The inhabitants of this
street complain of a bad ditch in the rear, from which
arises a most intolerable odour.”

“On August 31st, at 7 Russell-place, Kent-street-
road, daughter of painter, cholera 16 hours. The
father of this child complained of a catgut manufactory
situate in the rear of his house, the effluvium from
which has often made him ill, to which he attributes
the death of his child.”

“On September 17th, at 5 Caroline- place, Mina-
road, wife of carpenter, cholera, consecutive fever 9
days. The death of her son from cholera was regis-
tered on the previous day. The informant in this case
complained of the stinking ditch which runs before
her door, and of the almost total want of water for the
purposes of cleanliness and domestic use.”

29 ; 2. St. George, Southwark ; Borough Road.
Pop. 14794. — Choi. 312 ; Diarr. 48.

This district is bounded on the south by the London-
road, west by Black friars-road, east by Blackmail-street
and the Borough, Southwark, &c.

One death from cholera was recorded on February
13th, at No. 2 Mint-street ; the next case on June 29th ;
after this date the epidemic spread over the district ;
in July, 80 deaths were recorded ; August, 123 ; Sep-
tember, 103, and in October 4, the last death on the
nth, at No. 55 Lant-street. The mortality from
cholera nearly ceased after September 21st. On
August 3rd, 10 deaths were recorded ; in the first 4
days of September, 27. The epidemic was chiefly
confined to the working classes residing in —

Deaths.

Mint-street. ...... 14

Wellington-street 10

Lant-street .......10

Blackman-street ..... 7

Also in —

Friar-street, 1 Gun-street, Friar-street,

Little Surrey-street, | Caroline-crescent,

Martin-street, Friar-street, I King-street,

Red Cross street, Mint-street, | &c. See.

In the Workhouse, situated in Mint-street, 64 deaths
from cholera are recorded, and 12 from diarrhoea, the
number of inmates about 300 ; a portion of these
deaths were of persons removed into the Workhouse
from the ICent-road and London-road sub-districts. In
the Queen’s Bench prison, one death from cholera and
2 from diarrhoea are recorded. The number of pri-
soners about 180.

During the months of July, August, and September,
the deaths from all causes exceeded the births by 297.
In the above 3 months, 306 deaths arose from cholera,
and 12 1 from all other diseases.

The Registrar, in his reports, describes the annexed
cases and places : —

“On June 29th, at 54 Lant-street, carman, aged
44 years, cholera 30 hours. On Wednesday the
deceased ate heartily of strawberries, ami drank a pint

200

in the Sub- Districts of London.

of spring water mixed with raspberry vinegar at night;
early next morning he was seized with diarrhoea; at
mid-day was under medical treatment, and died on
Friday.”

In reference to several deaths from cholera which
occurred in the Workhouse, the Registrar states that
“ nearly all were cases taken into the house after
the disease had made such inroad upon the patients
as to set medical skill at defiance, whilst upon the in-
mates themselves (although several have been attacked)
its effects have been comparatively trifling, not more
than two or three having died of cholera during the
prevalence of the epidemic. Up to this time the
Guardians caused handbills to be circulated through
the parish, containing directions to the poor inhabitants
where they may obtain medical aid, with instructions
on the best means for the prevention of disease, con-
cluding in the following terms : — ‘ In case of any poor
wayfarer or friendless person being attacked with
cholera, they will be immediately admitted, if brought
to the Workhouse.’ Hence the increase in the number
of deaths in this establishment.”

“ On August r4th, at n Windsor-place, Southwark
Bridge-road, son of builder, cholera 8 hours. This
death and another occurred in the same house, within a
short time of each other ; both were children, one 4
years, the other 5A years old, and the medical certifi-
cates represent both to have been ill 8 hours.”

“On August 13th, at 1 Revel’s row, journeyman
baker, aged 48 years, cholera 16 hours. This is the
eighth death from cholera in Revel’s row since July
20th. The informants, in most cases, complain of the
offensive smells arising from the drains.”

“ On August 10th, at 8 King-street, Union-street,
labourer, cholera 24 hours.”

“On August 13th, in the same house, wife of
journeyman carpenter, cholera 10 hours. Sister to the
above, resided at Camden town, came to see her brother,
was taken ill, and died.”

“On August 13th, at 54 Surrey-street, wife of a
groom, cholera 19 hours. Cholera has proved fatal to
6 persons since July 29th, in Little Surrey-street.
The deaths have taken place in houses within a short
distance of each other, thus — 2 in No. 46, one in No.
50, one in No. 54, one in No. 55, and one in No. 61.”

“ On August 18th, at 9 Mason’s buildings, Green-
street, Friar-street, son of hammerman, aged 8 years,
cholera 24 hours. Small houses inhabited by the poorer
classes. Green-street is a cross-street between Friar-street
and Wellington-street ; in it is a soap-factory, ’two horse
slaughter-houses, a bone-boiler, and other similar
premises. The inhabitants of the surrounding neigh-
bourhood frequently complain of the effluvia emitted
from these places, but the street and slaughtermen’s
yards are kept much cleaner than formerly, and the
mortality in Green-street has not been greater than at
other parts of the district.”

“ On September 4th, at 2 Belvidere-place, widow of
journeyman shoemaker, cholera.”

“ On September 3rd, in the same house, widow of
journeyman shoemaker, cholera. Relatives resided
in the same room, both became much alarmed by
hearing of so many deaths from cholera.”

“ On September 8th, at 24, King-street, Borough-
road, journeyman cork-cutter, aged 33 years, cholera
about 30 hours.”

“ On September 10th, in the same house, widow
of journeyman cork-cutter, cholera about 12 days,
husband and wife : the latter had cholera about a
fortnight since, but was fast recovei mg, when the
sudden illness and death of her husband produced
‘ relapse,’ which carried her off in a few hours.
House in a back-street, not very confined, also cleanly.”

“ On September 8th, at 5 York-place, Revel's-row,
daughter of journeyman printer, cholera n hours.
York-place is a crowded court ; its inhabitants, since
the epidemic has prevailed, have been very persevering
in washing the privies and small yards attached to
their dwellings, and this is the first death from cholera
in that spot.”

“On September 14th, at 18 Mint-street, widow of
journeyman carpenter, cholera 22 hours. Moved from
No. 16 two days previous to being taken ill, in which
house her husband died last week, and two other
men previously. Informant stated, that a privy in
No. 16 is very offensive.”

“ On September 19th, at Farm House, Harrow-street,
Mint, mariner, cholera 36 hours. A lodging-house in
which from 40 to 60 persons sleep every night. Ac-
commodation can be afforded to too. Deceased wa3
taken ill about 3 o’clock in the morning with diarrhoea,
which was totally disregarded until 11.”

“On September 16th, in the Queen's Bench prison,
tailor, aged 42 years, from near Itegent’s-circus,
cholera. At the inquest, the coroner stated this to
be the first case of cholera which had occurred at any
prison within the city of London or the Borough of
Southwark.”

29 ; 3. St. Geokgf., Southwark ; London Road.
Pop. 16179. — Choi. 257; Diarr. 33.

This Registrar’s district includes the south-west part
of the parish of St. George the Martyr, Southwark,
lying west of the Newington-road, &c.

The mortality was considerably increased, through the
prevalence of cholera in the months of July, August,
and September ; the deaths from the epidemic succes-
sively were 5 7, 88, and 104, whilst the deaths from
all other causes during the above 3 months amounted
to 92. The first death occurred at Prince’s-row,
Westminster-road, on June 26th, then on July 2nd,
followed by another on the 9th ; about this time the
epidemic extended rapidly, and attained its maximum
on the first 4 days of September, when 35 deaths were
registered; after the 13th it declined, and was nearly
extinct by the end of the month ; in the following
month, October, 5 deaths are recorded, 3 occurring on
the nth, on which day the epidemic ceased.

Deaths from
Cholera.

Men of the age of 20 years to 60 . . 40

Women ditto ditto . *75

In the Bethlehem Hospital, St. George’s-road (the
inmates about 400), 5 deaths from diarrhoea and one
from cholera were recorded during the year. Mechanics
and the working classes, including their families, were
the chief sufferers from the cholera epidemic, residing
on those spots where bad drainage, density', and poverty
abounded. The following are some of the places where
cholera prevailed —

Duke-street, Westminster-road,

Tower-street, Waterloo-road,

Mount-place, Gibraltar-row,

Webber-row,

Union-street, London-road,

Elliot s-place, St. George’s-road,

Garden-row, London-road,

Gray-street, Webber-street,

York-street, London-road, &c.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar's
reports : —

“ On July 23rd, at 7 Webber-row, son of a harness-
maker, cholera 12 bouts.”

“In the same house, on July 26th, daughter of a
harness-maker, cholera 12 hours."’

r

210

Notes on Cholera

“ On July 26th, at 14 Alfred-place, Newington-
causeway, son of a sculptor, cholera.”

“ In the same house, on the same day, a sister of the
above died of cholera.”

“ On September 4th, at 2 Lynn-street, son of
tinman, aged 6 years, cholera. The houses in Lynn-
street and Gaywood-street are very damp, having
water under them, and smell badly ; in Lynn -court
they have no drains.”

“ On September 2nd, at 16 Elizabeth-place, Water-
loo-road, wife of labourer, diarrhoea 6 hours, cholera
12 hours. In this court there is no throughfare : the
privies are in the centre of it, and every time the water
comes on there is a very noxious smell of gas from
the drain.”

“On September 4th, at 8 Duke-street, Westminster-
road, carman, cholera 16 hours.”

“ In the same house, on September 5th, painter,
cholera 9 hours. This death and the one above oc-
curred through fright.”

“ At 47 London-road, on September 16th, a green-
grocer, aged 53 years, died of cholera in 48 hours ;
on the following day his wife died in the same house,
in 24 hours after the attack.”

30; 1. Newington; Trinity, Newington. Pop.
19064. .Choi. 318; Diarr. 57.

This Registrar’s district comprises the northern part
of the parish of St. Mary, Newington Butts, viz.
Trinity Ecclesiastical district, lying between the New-
ington-road, Blackman-street, extending east to Kent-
street, &c.

On June 8th cholera appeared at George’s-road,
and also at No. 5 Royal Tent-court, Kent-street ;
in this house, on June nth and 13th, a labourer and
his wife likewise died of cholera, and on the 21st
another death at No. 1 in the same court.

The epidemic increased rapidly towards the end of
July; in this month there'were 64 deaths, in August
122, in September 124, in October 2, both of vrhich oc-
curred on the 2nd ; the highest mortality was observed
in the first 7 days of September, when 58 persons were
deprived of life; the greatest number on any one day
on September 9th, when 11 deaths were registered;
after the 15th of this month a rapid decline ensued;
between the ages of 15 and 50, the proportions were
59 males and 104 females who died of cholera;
diarrhoea prevailed, and was principally fatal to chil-
dren under 2 years of age.

During the 3 months, July, August, and September,
the deaths from cholera were 310, and from all other
causes but 137.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On June nth, at 5 Royal Tent-court, Kent-street,
a labourer, aged 30 years, Asiatic cholera 36 hours.”

“ In the same house, on June 13th, wife of the
above, Asiatic cholera 36 hours. The Registrar states
these two persons had taken for supper, previous to
the attack, the refuse of rotten potatoes and stinking
meat.”

“ On August 1 8th, at 2 Harmer's-buildiugs, Ayliffe-
street, widow of wine porter, cholera, typhoid fever
6 days. A narrow court, close to an open sewer ; a foul
drain passes under the house.”

“On August 2 1st, at 9 Adam-street, New Kent-
road, daughter of porter, cholera 16 hours. At the
house adjoining a pigsty is erected against the
kitchen of this house; the wall is but 4 inches thick,
and the soil drains through the brickwork, causing a
most, intolerable stench.”

“ On August 18th, at 10 John’s-place, Lock ’6-fields,
wife of hatter, cholera 10 hours. An open sewer in
front of the house.”

“ Three fatal cases occurred in Poplar-row, a close,
dirty court.”

“ On August 28th, at 47 George-street, Harper-street,
brushmaker, cholera 20 hours. In this house there is
always a most unpleasant smell, arising from a drain :
during last summer this man had 3 out of his 4
children die of scarlatina.”

“On September 21st, at the County Gaol, Horse-
mouger-lane, labourer, aged 19 years, cholera (inquest).
This is the first death from cholera that occurred in
this prison. The deceased was brought in on the
13th instant, and had resided previously in the neigh-
bourhood of Lambeth ; the number of prisoners about
170.”

The Registrar states that “ the most important local
causes are the very defective drainage, and over-popu-
lated and ill-cleansed condition of the habitations of
the poorer class. The supply of water is, in general,
tolerably good in quality, but very limited in
quantity.”

The other localities afflicted with cholera were —

Bidl Head-court, Kent-
street,

Well i ngton-street,
Brandon-street, Lock’s-
fields,

Chatham-place,

Flying Horse-yard, Black-
man-street, &c.

30; 2. Newington; St. Peter, Walworth. Pop.
23299. — Choi. 4464 Diarr. 64.

Comprises the south east portion of the parish, viz.,
the Ecclesiastical district of St. Peter, Walworth.

On June 9th, a printer, aged 49 years, died of
cholera in 12 hours, at Cancel-street; previous to this
case, 5 others proved fatal in January, 3 of the 5 in
the Workhouse ; the epidemic was at its height in the
first 9 days of September, during that period 108
persons died ; the highest mortality in any one day
was on the 4th, when 18 persons died; after Sep-
tember 1 8th, a perceptible decline followed; in the
succeeding 18 days, viz., to October 6th, 21 deaths are
recorded ; the last fatal case in this Registrar’s district
was on November 4th, at King’s-row. The progress of
the epidemic is thus illustrated : in the month of June
4; July 1 15 ; August 135 ; September 181 j October
5 ; and November one.

Deaths from Cholera.

Age.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

86

81

167

15 years to 60 years

88

IX7

205

60 years and upwards .

21

53

74

Total_ . . .

195

251

446

On the average, the ground in this district is below
Trinity high-water mark. In the Union Workhouse,
Walworth, 48 deaths were registered from cholera and
9 from diarrhoea. The Registrar's districts of St.
Mary and Trinity, both in this Union, contributed to
the above mortality ; the number of pauper inmates
about 350.

In the following localities, the number of deaths
from cholera in each street, &c., is given : —

Newington Causeway,

H orsemonger-lane,
William-street, Newing-
ton Causeway,
Etham-place, Kent-
road,

Kent-street,

Trinity-square,

in the Sub-Districts of London.

211

Deaths.

N ursery-row, Lock’s-fields .... 8

Webb-street 7

Sun-street and Little Sun-street . . 7

Pleasant row and place, East-street . .11

Trafalgar-street and row 17

John-street and place, Hill-street , . 8

Flint-street, East-street ..... 9

Camden-street 8

King-street and row, East-street . . n

Pilgrim-street and place, Walworth Com-
mon 8

Nelson’s-place and court, Lock’s-fields 10

North-street 13

Eltham-place, Lock’s-fields . . . . n

Queen-street and row, Y ork-street . . 9

Clandon-street 9

Dean’s-buildings, North-street ... 5

Nortbampton-place, North-street . . 6

The cholera epidemic proved most fatal to artisans,
mechanics, and families of the working classes, resident
in the above neighbourhoods.

The annexed cases, &c., are selected from the
Registrar’s reports : —

“On January nth, in Newington Workhouse, a
boy, aged 10 years, cholera 30 hours (parents unknown).
This boy had been removed from the establishment at
Tooting, and his death is the second that has occurred
since the return of the children to Walworth. Some
others have been attacked, but are now doing well.”
The Registrar states, “ the cases of cholera which
have occurred in the Workhouse are those of persons
brought there almost in the last stage of collapse, and
not inmates of the house.”

“On August nth, at 33 James -street, York-street,
spinster, aged 29 years, cholera 12 hours. No drainage ;
a fat-melter’s premises at the bottom of the street.”

“ On August 10th, at 2 Bedford-street, Lock’s-fields,
sboebinder, spinster, cholera 12 hours. House crowded ;
110 drainage. Street in bad weather very dirty ; the
smell from the back premises is very offensive.”

“ On August 20th, at 5 Hen and Chicken-lane, son
of journeyman bricklayer, typhoid gastro enteritis,
cholera 10 hours. The brother of this child died the
same day, making 5 of the family in 3 weeks, mother
and 4 children : 4 are certified to be cholera, all in
the same house.”

“On August 24th, at 6 North-street, wife of shoe-
maker, aged 43 years, cholera 8 hours. House very
much crowded, and neighbourhood dirty; this and
the following are mother and child ; a child died in
the house on August 15th.”

“In the same house, on August 24th, daughter of
shoemaker, cholera 12 hours.”

“On August 24th, at 5 Charles-street, Walworth-
common, son of coal porter, aged 19 years, diarrhoea
2 days, cholera one day. House very much crowded,
street dirty, no drainage. This person was taken ill
in the neighbourhood of Shoreditch, and sent home.”

“ On August 26th, at 3 Red Lion-row, son of labourer
(deceased), cholera 2 days. Father and brother of
this child died of cholera in the previous week in the
same house.”

“On August 29th, at 17 Nursery-row, Lock's-
fields, wife of shoemaker, cholera 12 hours. A ditch
that was in front of this row has lately been filled
up, but no drainage provided. There are about 25
houses in the row, and the slops are thrown out in
front, keeping the place in a filthy state ”

“On September 1st, at 11 Elizabeth- street, daugh-
ter of gentleman, cholera 9 hours.”

“ In the same house, and on the same day, a sister of
the above, cholera 10 hours,” |

“ On September 4th, at 14 Webb-street, son of
shoemaker, cholera 24 hours. Close, dirty bouse, with
an open ditch at the back, street very dirty ; this is
the fourth death from cholera in this house.”

“ On September 3rd, at 50 Queen’s-row, wife of
poulterer, aged 43 years, diarrhoea 7 days, cholera one
day. Three persons have died in this house ; the
mother on the 3rd, one child on the 5th, and one on
the 7th.”

“ On September 3rd, at 10 Robinson’s-cottages,
Portland-street, late soldier in 23rd R.W. Fusiliers,
aged 26 years, cholera 9 hours. This person was dis-
charged from his regiment in August, in consequence of
loss of sight, and had only reached his home a few
days. There is an open ditch running before the
house, which the whole neighbourhood complain of
being at times almost unbearable.”

“ On September 9th, at 8 Portland-street, daughter
of a smith, aged 4 years, cholera 24 hours. House
dirty ; there is an open ditch running along one side
of this street, unbearable at times, since the flushing
operations have been adopted, though inconvenience
was not felt before.”

“ On September 9th, at 6 Horsley-street, poulterer,
aged 45 years, cholera 24 hours. This man lost his
wife and two children in the previous week of cholera
in Queen’s-row.”

“ On September 23rd, at 6 Adelaide-place, Port-
land-street, widow of wine-merchant, cholera one
month, consecutive fever one week. An open ditch
runs in front of the house, which is very offensive.”

30; 3. Newington; St. Mary. Pop. 12243. —
Choi. 14;; Diarr 14.

This Registrar's district consists of the Ecclesias-
tical district of St. Mary, extending from Kennington-
common, lying east of Kennington-road to the New
Kent-road.

In Amelia-street, on July 4th, the epidemic com-
menced, and continued to spread to September 9th,
when it attained its maximum, it then gradually de-
clined, and by October 4th the last fatal case was re-
corded at Cumberland-place. In the following streets
and adjacent localities cholera prevailed —

Wey mouth-street,

New-street,

Charles-street,

Union-court,

Caroline-place,

Church-place,
Brandon-street, .
Lion-street, New Kent-
road,

Cross-street, &c.

During the months of July, August, and September,
the deaths from cholera numbered 140, and from all
other diseases but 71, whilst the births in the same
period numbered 103.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On August 19th, at 2 Church-passage, a hatter,
aged 31 years, cholera 12 hours. House small, and
overcrowded ; his daughter died of cholera, in the same
place, on the 17 th inst.”

“ On September 4th, at 6 Staverton-row, Walworth-
road, a cheesemonger, aged 40 years, cholera 14
hours. Two other deaths have subsequently occurred
in this house.”

“*On September 8th, at 6 Lion -si reel, New Kent-road,
wife of mariner, aged 22 years, cholera 15 hours. This
and the following case are those of daughter and mother.
The cases in this locality were malignant in the extreme.”

“ On September 9th, in the same house, widow of
master butcher, diarrhoea 3 weeks, cholera 4 days.”

“ On September 28th, at 5 Horse and Groom-yard,
a truss-maker, aged 52 years, cholera 24 hours. A
very close and ill-ventilated place, although this is
the first case of cholera that has proved fatal in it.”

r 2

212

Notes on Cholera

31; r. Lambeth ; Waterloo Hocul 1st. Fop.
12767. — Choi. 193 ; Diarr. 27.

Bounded on the north by the river Thames, extend-
ing east of Waterloo Bridge to the Broadwall, includ-
ing the New Cut on the south, and the east side of
W aterloo-road.

One fatal case of cholera at Whitehorse-street, on
February 3rd ; the epidemic subsequently broke
out on June 23rd, at Short-street, and continued, to
increase to July 31st, on which day the greatest
mortality occurred, namely 10 deaths; in this month
60 deaths from cholera were registered, in August 77,
in September 51, and in October one, on the 12th, at
56 Cornwall-road, a solicitor’s wife, aged 65 years. A
perceptible decline was observed after September 14th.

At No. 10 Mitre-place, Broadwall, the 3 children
of a labourer, within 3 days, died of cholera. At
No. 15 Eaton-street, a mother and son. At No. 60
Cornwall-road, on July 30th, the widow of a cooper
and 2 children; and on July 29th, at No. 11 Brad-
street, the 2 daughters of a compositor died. In the fol-
lowing streets, &c., cholera was most fatal —

Roupel 1-street,
Mitre-place, Broadwall,
Whitehorse-street,
Eaton-street,
Cornwall-road,

New-sfreet,

Little Windmill-street,
Salutation-place,

Le Grand-place
I Wootton-street, See.

Ten adults and 17 children under 3 years of age died
of diarrhoea. I11 the months of July, August, and
September, the deaths by the cholera epidemic ex-
ceeded the births registered by 53.

The Registrar, in his reports, describes the following
cases and localities : —

“ On July 25th, at 5 Bate’s-buildings, Broadwall
(inquest'), a shoemaker, aged 20 years, natural death,
cholera n hours. Bate’s-buildings is one of the
narrow courts in Broadwall, crossing the boundary
sewer. A younger sister died of cholera in July; the
mother was next taken ill and removed to the Work-
house, where she also died of cholera. The father was
in the Hospital during the period of the illness and
death of his wife and 2 children. Half the number
of cases of cholera have taken place near the sewers
which form the boundary of the parish.”

“ On August 27th, at 14 Whitehorse-street, a
lighterman, cholera 24 hours. There have been 3
deaths from cholera in this house.”

In his return for the week ending August 4th, the
Registrar states that “ during the week there has been
a great increase in the deaths from cholera. About
half the cases have occurred in the vicinity of Broad-
wall, Eaton-street, Whitehorse-street, Wootton-street,
&c. — places more or less subject to effluvia from bad
drainage ; the other half have occurred in all parts of
the district, without any apparent exciting cause,
beyond crowded rooms and, probably, indifferent food.

In his return for the week ending August nth, the
Registrar states that “the deaths from cholera, though
still numerous, are less than half the number of the
preceding week, viz., 34 and 15. As before, full half
the deaths have occurred in the locality of the boun-
dary sewer. As an additional proof of the influence of
the effluvia from that source on animal life, he had
ascertained that a cowkeeper, whose premises are close
to the boundary ditch in Little Duke-street, and whose
wife died of cholera on August 4th, has, during his
residence there, lost several valuable cows by death.”

“ On August nth, at 36 Windmill-row, daughter
of shoemaker, cholera 13 hours, collapse 9 hours.
Row ill cleansed and overcrowded ; filthy in the
extreme.”

“ On August 14th, at 20 Brad-street, an artist,

cholera 24 hours. The end of Brad-street where this
death took place is ill cleansed, and frequently one
mass of mud and water.”

“ On August 13th, at 12 Little Windmill-street, a
labourer, cholera 50J hours, collapse 14 hours.
This street is at the back of Windmill-row, and is
equally filthy and dirty. They are both chiefly
inhabited by Irish families and vendors of decayed
fruit, fried fish, 01 vegetables, the effluvia from which
effects the whole locality.”

“ On August 15th, at 3 Yictoria-place, Broadwall,
wife of labourer, aged 31 years, cholera 4 days, fever
one day. This place is comprised of 10 or 12 houses
built a few years ago, over and close to the sewer
which forms the boundary at the back of Broadwall,
into which the houses are drained. They are over-
crowded, every room containing a family.”

“ On August 15th, at 5 New-street, a single woman
cholera 7 days, typhus.”

“ In the same house, on August 1 6th, son of a smith,
scarlatina 4 days, cholera 4 days. The street is
narrow and densely populated. The houses are
inhabited chiefly by mechanics.”

“ On August igth, at 3 Isabella-place, Broadwall,
widow of bricklayer, aged 49 years, cholera 3 days.”
The Registrar states that “ Isabella-place is of ail others
the most filthy in this district ; the entrance is not
more than 4 feet wide ; there are 6 or 8 dilapidated
houses in it of 2 rooms each, all front, no air through
them, and each room containing a family ; a recess on
the left is the receptacle of all manner of filth, dust,
decayed vegetables, fisli guts, &c. The stench is
very bad at all times.”

“ On August 23rd, at 16 Cornwall-road, a widow,
aged 60 years, cholera 21 hours. This female attended
on a younger one, who died in the same house on the
20th. She subsequently trashed the deceased female’s
clothes, and was immediately after taken ill.”

“ On August 26th, at 6 Church-terrace, a gentle-
man, cholera 13 hours. This terrace faces the church-
yard, whieh is now so often opened for funerals that
effluvia must enter the surrounding houses, though
they are otherwise clean and open.”

“ On September 1st, at 9 Le Grand-place, daughter
of journeymau carpenter, cholera. The sixth death in
this place of 12 small houses.”

“ On September 7th, at 6 Little Windmill-street,
a coal porter, cholera 20 hours. Several deaths before
recorded in this most dirty street.”

“ On September 8th, at 30 John-streef, Cornwall-
road, a labourer, aged j 7 years, cholera. The mother
of this youth died in the same house on the 4th.”

31; 2. Lambeth ; Waterloo Hoad 2nd. Pop.
173 19. — Choi. 243 ; Diarr. 38.

Bounded by the river Thames from Waterloo Bridge
to Westminster Bridge, embracing the northern part of
Westminster Bridge-read, extending north to the
Wraterloo-road, of which it includes the west side, &c.

A fatal attack of cholera occurred on January 1 6th,
at 8 Burdett-street ; the next case on June 1 5 th, at
Agnes-street, a carpenter's wife, aged 54 years, diar-
rhopa 4 days, cholera 18 hours; followed by another on
July 3rd, at James-street. From this date the epidemic
spread to September 8th, it then attained its maximum ;
on that day 13 persons had fallen victims, on the fol-
lowing day 11. From this time it declined to October
17th, when the last death was recorded, at 11 Lam-
beth-square. In July there were 48 deaths; August
81 ; September ic6 ; October 6 ; in the first 9 days of
September, there were 63 deaths from cholera. In the
3 months July, August, and September, 256 deaths
were registered from cholera and diarrhoea, and but 96
from all oilier causes. At No. 14 Manners-street, tire wile

213

in the Sub- Districts of London.

of a sawyer, aged 40 years, died of cholera in 12 hours,
on October 1st; and on the 3rd, her daughter, aged
13 years, died. Two fatal cases occurred at 19 Charles-
street ; a labourer’s wile and daughter, August 7th,
at No. 20 Auue-street; at No. 4 Farnliam-place, a
mother and son, on September 4th ; and a tailor and
his wife, on same day, July 3 rst, at No. 35, Lower-
marsh. The deaths from cholera were numerous in
the subjoined localities — ■

Lower-marsh,

James-street,

Granby-streef,

Charles-street,

Frances-street,

Jurstou-street,

Gibson-street,

Anne-street,

Thomas-streef,

Apollo-buildings,

Oakley-street,

Belvidere-road, &c.

With the exception of 3 cases, the deaths from diar-
rhoea were all of children.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On July 26th, at 80 James-street, wife of shoemaker,
aged 34 years, cholera 18 hours. This spot lies quite
in a hollow ; it was built on very marshy ground, the
drainage is defective, and there are ditches partially
filled up, which often serve as receptacles for decayed
vegetables, stinking fish, &c. With few exceptions, the
deaths have occurred to persons extremely poor, residing
generally in one room, and in dirty narrow streets.”

“ On August 19th, at 35 Frances-street, Westminster-
road, son of labourer, cholera 9 hours. Densely crowded
with Irish, of dirty, intemperate habits ; a iong open
sewer runs parallel to it. Pigs, ducks, &c., kept in the
vicinity. Numerous have been the attacks of cholera
in this street, 9 of which were fatal.”

“ On August 29th, at 14 Apollo-buildings, son of
tailor, cholera 16 hours. This small spot abounds
with noxious effluvia. The privies are most offensive,
and the water scarcely fit to drink ; heaps of refuse
matter thrown about by the costermongers. Pigs,
horses, rabbits, and all sorts of animals are kept here.
The fish, vegetables, &c., in which the people deal are
at night frequently placed under the bed. There are
2 cats’-meat dealers in Apollo-buildings, the stench
from which is much complained of.”

“On September 2nd, at 16 James-street, daughter
of butcher, cholera 12 hours. The attacks and deaths
in this street have been more severe than in any other
part of this district ; it was built on a swamp — the
ditches formerly complained of are now filled up.”
“On September 8th, at 9 Thomas-place, Gibson-
street, son of chemist, choleraic diarrha?a 6 days. The
father of this child states : there are 3 gulley-holes
within 20 yards of each other in this street, the smells
from which are so offensive as to alarm the residents.
Thomas-place is a narrow, confined spot.”

“ On September loth, at. 12 James-street, bricklayer,
aged 33 years, cholera 16 hours. This is the 1 7th case
in this street. A pigsty and slaughterhouse at the back
of this house are much complained of.”

“On September nth, at 20 Jurston-street, son of
publican, cholera 8 hours. A very dirty, crowded
street, with a long open sewer behind it. This is a
child of Jewish parents. Although persons of that
persuasion are rather numerous in this district, it is the
first death from cholera amongst them.”

“ On September 12th, at 3 Grove place, son of la-
bourer, diarrhoea 7 days. Cholera broke out in this house
July 2 1st, attacking a female of 45 years ; thelandlady
(who attended) was attacked the next day at church,
and removed during Divine service; on August 12th,
a girl aged 14 suffered from vomiting and diarrhoea ;
on the 29th a female aged 24 years died of cholera ; the
same clay a child aged 8 was severely attacked, and

narrowly escaped death; the following night a boy of
4 had vomiting and relaxation ; the husband of the
landlady has also sufi'ered from relaxation; out of 11
inmates 2 have died, and 8 others had been attacked.
Grove-place is a most filthy spot, near the worst end of
James-street, where 17 deaths have occurred. There
is a bad smell in the house, which cannot be traced.
The rooms are very small, but not particularly dirty.”

“On September 19th, at 35 Hooper-street, son of
labourer, cholera 8 days. A long, narrow, densely
crowded street ; the dirtiest spot in the district, in close
connexion with filthy ditches, and surrounded by an
unwholesome neighbourhood, in which many deaths
have occurred ; inhabited by costermongers, &c.”

“On September 25th, at 17 Mary’s-buildings,
domestic servant, aged 25 years, cholera 13 hours.
Narrow, confined place ; had previously nursed 2
persons who died of cholera.”

The Registrar states that “ the deaths from cholera
and diarrhoea are far more numerous with females than
with males, after the age of 16. Until that age the
deaths were almost equally divided, viz., 56 males
and 51 females; but after the age of 16, when the
female becomes useful as a nurse, the deaths are 99
females against 50 males. The difference may arise
from 2 causes, namely, an advanced state of pregnancy
when the attack came on, and that females are almost
always the attendants on the sick, thus being confined
to the vitiated atmosphere of the room, and wearied by
night and day exertions, they are much more likely to
take the disease. Many females appear to have im-
bibed cholera in their unremitting attendance in the
sick chamber.”

“ On October 1st, at 14 Manners-street, wife of
sawyer, aged 40 years, cholera 12 hours. Attack came
on suddenly and violently; she had been nursing her
daughter, dangerously ill with consecutive fever.
Drainage good.”

In the same house, on October 3rd, daughter of
the above, aged 13 years, cholera 3 days, consecutive
fever 7 days.

31; 3. Lambeth; Church 1st. Pop. 18446. —
Choi. 215 ; Diarr. 38.

This Registrar’s district extends along the river
from Westminster Bridge to Vauxhall Bridge ;
bounded on the north by the Westminster Bridge-road,
on the south-east by Vauxhall and Lambeth-walks,
and Bethlehem Hospital, &c.

Two deaths from cholera occurred in January ; the
next fatal case was on J une^ 2 7 th, at Lower Fore-street ;
in July 5 r deaths were recorded, in August 54, in
September ioi, in October one, on the 1st; in Novem-
ber 2, one on the 3rd, and the last on the 14th, at 18
Salamanca-street, Vauxhall-walk. The epidemic was
at its height on September 5th, on that day 13 deaths
took place; it gradually abated in severity to the end
of the month; 91 males, and 124 females during the
year died of cholera. The following neighbourhoods
suffered from cholera —

High-street,

Duke’s Head-court,
High-street,
Felix-street,
Vauxhall-walk,
Lambcth-walk,

Upper Marsh,
C’auterbury-place, Lam-
beth-walk,

Broad-street,
Ilercules-buildings,
Glasshouse-street,
North-street, Vauxhall-
walk,

Salamanca-street, Vaux-
hall-walk,
Royal-street,

Lower Fore-street, &c.

At No. 2 Ferry-street, 3 persons died of cholera,
from June 29th to July 2nd (both inclusive); a silver-
chaser, aged 35 years, and his son, died at No. 4
Duke’s Head-court, on July 9th and 10th ; and a

214

Notes on Cholera

surgeon, aged 45 years, died in 8 hours, on September
3rd, at Carlisle -place, Carlisle-street; tiie next cases
are described by the Registrar : —

“On August 1 8th, at 19 Glasshouse-street, Yaux-
hall, coach maker, aged 33 years, cholera 9 hours.
Ill cleansed, badly drained, and overcrowded.”

“ On August 19th, at 16 Vauxhall-row, wife of
journeyman carpenter, aged 69 years, cholera 75 hours.
Ill-cleansed neighbourhood — crowded, and in the
immediate vicinity of the Lambeth GasWorks and
the Potteries.”

“ On August 23rd, at 3 Granby’s-buildings, Vaux-
hall-walk, son of potter, cholera 3 days. An unhealthy
neighbourhood, ill cleansed and drained, and sur-
rounded by bone-crushers, potteries, soap-makers, and
other offensive establishments.”

Diarrhoea prevailed mostly in August and Sep-
tember, respectively 1 7 and 9 deaths ; the far greater
proportion were of children under 4 years.

31 ; 4. Lambeth; Church 2nd. Pop. 22931. —
Choi. 544; Diarr. 90.

Extends east of Vauxhall and Lambeth-walk ; to the
west side of Kenuington-lane and Kennington -street ;
including on the north, Brook-street, &c.

Cholera visited this district with great severity ; 2
deaths from the epidemic occurred in January, one
in March, and the next on June nth, at 79 Lower
Kennington-lane ; by the end of the month, 5 deaths
were recorded ; it continued rapidly to increase in
July ; on the 16th, 14 deaths occurred, 6 of which
were in the Workhouse ; during this month, 125 deaths
were registered from cholera; in August, 167, in the
last 7 days of this month, 64 ; in the month of Septem-
ber 236 ; during the first 8 days of this month, 120
persons were deprived of life ; the epidemic attained
its maximum on the 4th, on this day 21 deaths were
recorded, and 20 on the 8th; from this period,
cholera gradually subsided, and in October, 8 deaths
occurred, the last on the 21st, at 118 Vauxhall-street,
a warehouseman, aged 31 years; 205 males and 339
females were deprived of life by cholera. The num-
bers in 3 periods of life are shown by the following
table : —

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males

Total.

From birth to 15 years .

74

63

137

15 to 60 years . .

107

202

309

Go years and upwards

24

74

98

Total ....

205

339

544

In the Union-house, Prince’s-road, 161 'deaths from
cholera are recorded, and 26 from diarrhoea, 11 of these
occurred before cholera became fatal. The Lambeth
Union is formed into 8 Registrars' districts, each contri-
buting more or less to the 16 1 deaths in the Union Work-
house; if this number is deducted from the district, 383
instead of 544 represents the number of deaths, not
including those in the Workhouse, where the pauper
inmates number about 1000. The cholera epidemic
was also fatal in —

Deaths.

Union-street 10

Wickham-street 22

Park-street and place 17

Yauxhall-walk and street .... 20
G eorge-street, Vauxhall 1 1

Deaths.

King-street 9

New-street Union-street 20

Chester -street and place 12

T yers-street and terrace 15

East-street and Little East-place . . 21

Princes-road and place 15

Regent-street 16

Pleasant-place, Brook-street ... 9

Several fatal cases also occurred in Brook-street, Car-
digan-street, Devonshire-street Kennington-lane, John-
street, Cross-street, Lambeth-walk, %c. ; the epidemic,
at the commencement, principally visited Francis-
street, and Lower Kennington-lane. At 22 Windmill-
street 3 persons were attacked, and died after removal
into the Workhouse ; 3 died of cholera at No. 91 East-
street ; 2 at No. 113 Brook-street ; 2 at No. 28 Union-
street ; 3 at No. 8 Wickham-street ; 3 at No. 114 Park-
street ; 2 at No. 87 Vauxhall-walk, &c.

The chief occupations of those attacked by cholera
were as follows : —

Labourers and their

families

64

Carpenters . .

Chairmakers, & c..

•

• •

65

Bricklayers .
Stonemasons .

..

•

27

Cabmen , ,

• •

IO

Printers , ,

•

21

Smiths , ,

•

•

17

Bakers , ,

• #

9

Boot and shoemakers , ,

. .

40

Coal porters

J >

•

15

Costermongers

? >

• .

24

Painters, &c.

• .

22

Washerwomen
Laundresses .

' ”

• •

10

Spinsters .

62

Wives .

176

Widows .

35

Diarrhoea was prevalent in July, August, and Sep-
tember, viz., 14, 14, and 31 deaths respectively ; more
than one-half were of children under 3 years of age.

The following cases are selected from the Regis-
trar’s reports : — •

“ On August 10th, at 4 Globe-court, Regent-street,
son of bonnet-shape maker, cholera 18 hours. A
narrow, badly-ventilated court, running between Regent-
street and King-street. Two-roomed houses, and very
confined.”

“ On October 1 2th, at 75 Wickham-street, moulder
at an engineer’s, aged 47 years, cholera 24 hours. This
street is in a very bad condition, no drainage, badly ven-
tilated, and crowded. In winter the roadway is impass-
able to foot passengers, there being accumulated a quan-
tity of mud and stagnant water, quite green. The inha-
bitants are obliged to form a gutter to prevent the surplus
water from running into the lower rooms of their houses,
which are below the crown of the road. Cholera has
been fatal, 19 deaths since July 14th; and previous to
the present epidemic, scarlet fever was prevalent.”

“On August 19th, at 21 Pleasant-place, spinster,
aged 25 years, secondary fever, cholera. In front of
this row of houses is an open sewer, very offensive.”

“On August 25th, at 24 Neville-street, Vauxhall,
daughter of wharf labourer, cholera 26 hours. A newly-
built and tolerably clean street. Cholera has been
very severe in this street.”

“ In the workhouse, on August 28th, from 9 Globe-
court, Regent-street, son of law-stationer, cholera 5 or 6
days. This death makes 5 in the same family from
cholera ; the mother and 4 children were all seized in

in the Sub- Districts of London.

215

the court named, but the husband having deserted his
family, they were all removed into the house in a
hopeless condition. Another death occurred next
door.”

“ On September 4th, at 2 Graves’-cottages, Saunders ’-
street, widow, cholera 9 hours, collapse 5 hours. The
state of the premises is highly prejudicial to health.”

“ On September 6th, at 20 Barrett-street, son of litho-
graphic printer, cholera 24 hours.”

“ On September 7th, in the same house, lithographic
printer, cholera 40 hours. Father of the above. At the
back of these premises there are a number of pigs kept
by a neighbour ; the stench is so bad that they frequently
cannot have the back door or window open.”

“ On September nth, at 1 Vauxhal 1-walk, daughter
of a builder, cholera 72 hours, coma and convulsions 34
hours. At the back of this house is a court, called
White Lion-yard, a wretched place, inhabited by Irish ;
a number gf half-starved pigs are kept; they have no
drainage, and the stench very great. The filth from the
sties is thrown under the railway arches adjoining.”

“ On September 13th, at 7 Hampshire-street, widow
of ship carpenter, aged 65 years, cholera 12 hours.
This place contains 8 houses, in every one of which
cholera has made its appearance. In No. 3 died a
mother, just on the point of confinement, and 4 children.
The husband, after the loss of all his family, (led. The
landlord, or his agent, let the premises to another family,
who entered the house ignorant of what had taken place,
and were almost immediately seized with cholera. The
daughter died, on September 3rd, in a few hours ; the
mother was attacked, and fled from the spot.”

“ On September 27th, at 11 Albion-cottages, Barrett-
street, widow of candle-maker, aged 46 years, neglected
diarrhoea 3 days, cholera 12 hours. The Registrar states
that this locality has been visited with much sickness.
A case of cholera, 2 doors off, was removed to the W ork-
house, where the patient died. Two children died at
No. 7, and 2 cases occurred at No. 3 ; a person died at
No. 8. Several children have within the last 2 months
died of fever.”

31; 5. Lambeth; Kennington 1st. — Pop. 17235.
— Choi. 187 ; Diarr. 31.

This district extends by the side of the river Thames,
from Vauxhall Bridge to Nine Elms, continues north-
east to the west side of Kennington-road, to High-street ;
and on the south-east to the west side of Clapham-road,
to Bedford-place, &c.

On June 27th cholera first appeared; 2 deaths oc-
curred, one at No. 1 Clayton-street, and the other at
No. 4 South Lambeth ; in July there were 43 deaths,
in August 46 ; rose to 91 in September, and declined
to one in October, on the 1st; and 2 in November,
the last on the nth, at No. 8 York-street, Dorset-street ;
the epidemic was at its height on the first 4 days of
September, during which period 31 deaths were re-
corded, and after the 13th it gradually subsided; with
2 exceptions the duration of illness did not exceed 24
hours ; 201 deaths from cholera and diarrhoea occurred,
in July, August, and September, whilst for the same
period but 83 deaths were registered from all other
causes, and to every 2 deaths but one birth was re-
corded, during those 3 months. The parts of the dis-
trict which suffered most are Spring-place and the
small streets adjoining near the Wandsworth-road, a
neighbourhood thickly populated and badly drained ;
the following localities likewise suffered —

Southampton-street,
Nine Elms,

Regency-square, White
Hart-street,
Kennington-place,
Alfred-street and place,

Pleasan -row, Kenning-
ton-laue,
Clayton-street,
Church-street,
Devonshire-place,

&c.

Those attacked were chiefly labourers, mechanics
&c.

31; 6. Lambeth; Kennington 2nd. Pop. 14054.
— Choi. 153 ; Diarr. 23.

Includes Kennington-common, and the east side of
Clapham-road to Stockwell, extending east to Camber-
well.

First fatal case of cholera June 28th, at Bolton-
street ; next on July 8th, at Camberwell New-road ;
from this date a continuous increase to September 2nd,
when the epidemic attained its maximum ; on this day
7 deaths were recorded; during the first 9 days of the
month the mortality rose to 40, and subsided from
this time to October 10th, when the last 2 deaths took
place, the one at No. 5 Park-place, and the other at
No. 7 St. Ann’s-road. The deaths of 67 males and 86
females were assigned to cholera, the greater portion
during the months of July, August, and September,
respectively 45, 43, and 60; in the subjoined streets,
&c., cholera prevailed, viz. —

Camberwell New-road,
North-place,
Thomas-streef,
James-street and place.
North Brixon,

Chapel-street,
Vassall-road,
Holland-retreat,
Henry-street,
Robert-street, &c.

31; 7. Lambeth; Brixton. Pop. 10175.

Choi. 81 ; Diarr. 27.

Comprises the Ecclesiastical district of St. Matthew,
Brixton ; includes Denmark-hill, Dulwich-hill, Stock-
well, &c.

At Brixton gaol, on June 15th, a convict died of
cholera, in 19 hours; the next case on July 6th, the
epidemic reached its maximum on September 19th;
the last case was recorded on October 3rd, at Denmark-
hill. On July 20th, 3 deaths were ascribed to cholera
in Regent-row ; in the Brixton gaol 7 deaths from this
disease were also recorded ; cholera and diarrhoea were
prevalent in the following localities, viz. —

Bedford-lane, Stockwell,
Robert-street,
Loughborough-place,
Regent’s-row,

East Brixton,
Acre-lane,
Barrington-road,
&c.

The Registrar describes, in his reports, the under-
mentioned cases : —

“ On July 8th, at Regent-row, Water-lane, widow,
aged 63 years, cholera 10 hours.”

“On July 13th, in the same house, a daughter-in-
law, aged 33 years, who waited on the above, cholera
17 i hours. At the back of the houses is an open
drain, which at times runs over the surface of the
ground, into which all the cesspools and d-ains are
carried. In the front, on the opposite side, is another
open ditch, into which many other houses are drained.
Another death from cholera occurred in the next house.
The inhabitants complain much of stench.”

“On August 25th, at Pleasant-retreat, bricklayer,
aged 56 years, diarrhoea 3 days, cholera 22 hours.
Contains a great number of small houses. At the end
of houses at the back of the House of Correction is an
open ditch, which is in a most filthy state.”

“ On September 25th, at 1 Barrington-crescent,
daughter of a solicitor’s clerk, cholera. Since September
4tb, to this day, there have been 18 deaths from cholera
and diarrhoea in this and adjoining parts. At the back-
are various depositories of night-soil, extending full
half a mile in length, which is much complained of,
as emitting a most pestilential effluvia.”

“ On September 20th, at Loughborough-park, son of
gentleman, diarrhoea. A woman, aged 79 years, died
of cholera in the same house, on September 4th.
Two other children of the same gentleman died of

21G

Notes on Cholera

diarrhoea in this nouse, and he was also taken ill after
the family had left the house.”

31; 8. Lambeth; Norwood. Pop. 2961 — Choi.
2 ; Diarr. 2.

Comprises the Ecclesiastical district of St. Luke,
the southern part of the parish of Lambeth.

At Knight’s Hill-road, on August 27th, the wife of a
cowkeeper, aged 60 years, cholera 24 hours ; and on
September 3rd, in the Workhouse, Norwood, a girl aged
7 years, diarrhoea, cholera one day ; a death from
diarrhoea occurred in the Workhouse on September
23rd.

The Registrar states that “ a ditch immediately oppo-
site the AVorkhouse emits most offensive and noxious
odours, the result of the soil of the workhouse passing
through this uncovered ditch.”

32; r. Wandsworth; Clapham. Pop. 12106. —
Choi. X14 ; Diarr. 24.

Includes the entire parish of Clapham, lying
between the Battersea and Brixton districts.

On July 10th, at No. 5 Union-street, Larkhall-
lane, the first fatal case of cholera terminated in 11
hours. By the end of the month there were 22 deaths,
in August, 57 ; in September, 33 ; and in October, 2 ;
the last case at Park-road, on October 7th ; the epidemic
attained its maximum on August 4th. On this day 4
deaths occurred in Albion-terrace, Wandsworth-road ;
19 deaths from cholera in this terrace are recorded in
17 days, between July 28th and August 13th, both
inclusive. The epidemic first commenced at No. 13,
on July 28th ; in the same house, August 4th, another
death occurred. At No. 14, 2 deaths; at No. 6, 5 ;
at No. 12, 2 ; at No. 2, 3, &c. ; on an average of 13
cases of the above 19 in Albion-terrace, life was
extinct in 15 hours after the attack.

At No. 2 New-street, a letter carrier and his wife
were seized with cholera on September 20th, and died
on the same day; and 2 cases were fatal at No. 15
Nelson-row, one on the 8th, and the other on the 9th
September. Cholera was also fatal in —

Park-road and place, I White-square,

Northumberland-place, j Union-street, Larkhall-

j lane, &c., &c.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar's
reports: —

“On August 4th, at Northumberland-place,
daughter of labourer, aged 15 months, cholera 7
hours. The father of the above was at this time suf-
fering from typhus, after an attack of cholera ; there
is a very offensive ditch in front of the house.”

“ On August nth, at 7 Howard -street, Wandsworth-
road, widow of a gardener, aged 55 years, cholera 15
hours. The same offensive ditch runs at the bottom of
Howard- street that runs along the back of Albion-ter-
race ; the woman had been nursing in Albion-terrace.”

“On August 13th, at 2 Albion-terrace, Wands-
wortii-road, commercial clerk, aged 24 years, cholera
6 days. He was taken ill the same day that his
brother died of cholera.”

“ On August 161I1, at Northumberland-place, son of
labourer, cholera 24 hours. This is the third death
that has occurred opposite the ditch, which still
remains open and (lowing over the road.”

“On August 1 8th , at 2, Pensbury, Wandsworth-
road, stationer, aged 28 years, cholera 10 days, haemor-
rhage from bowels 8 hours. AY as first attacked at 7
Albion-terrace, Wandsworth-road, and removed to 2
Pensbury, nearly opposite.”

“ In the house No. 6 Albion-terrace, AA’andsworth-
road, ; deaths were registered from cholera between
the 4th and 9th August inclusive — a Wesleyan
minister’s wife, aged 59; his mother, 80; a widow,

49 ; and two old servants. The Registrar of Hamp-
stead adds, that on August 8th, an aged man came
with a friend to Hampstead for change of air, at 6
o'clock the next morning he felt ill, and had medical
advice, but died in eight hours. This old minister,
aged 61 years, was apparently the last of his family,
for he had seen his mother, wife, and servants die
before him in Albion-terrace.”

“ A stock-broker died of cholera at No. 12 Albion-
terrace ; the daughter of a grocer, a child of 5 years of
age, at No. 1 ; the widow of a coach proprietor, and
two commercial clerks, at No. 2 ; a gentleman’s
widow at No. 3 ; a surgeon’s daughter at No. 4; a
spinster aged 41 at No. 5 ; a young woman aged 21 at
No. 10; a gentleman at No. 12, where the stock-broker
died ; a young woman aged 19 at No. 13, where a young
omwan also died on July 28th ; and a gentleman’s
wife at No. 14, who had seen her daughter die theie the
day before. Nineteen persons died of cholera ; many of
the inhabitants of the terrace were dispersed, and the
deaths of several have been registered elsewhere. “ It
appears,” says the Registrar, “that at No. 13, where
the first death occurred, the refuse of the house had
been allowed to accumulate in one of the vaults
(which is a very large one) for about two years, and
when removed last week the stench was almost into-
lerable, there being about two feet of wet soil covered
with maggots. The drains also had burst, overflowed
into the tank, and impregnated the water with which
tire houses were supplied. On the back ground, in
the distance, was an open ditch, into which nearly the
whole of the soil of Clapham runs.”

Fourteen deaths by cholera occurred in 5 houses of the
above terrace in about a fortnight.

32; 2. Wandsworth; Battersea. Pop. 6617. —
Choi, hi ; Diarr. 16.

This district is bounded by the river Thames from
the Nine Elms to Wandsyvorth, extending south to
Clapham.

Cholera prevailed in January and February, more
especially at the Union AVorkhouse and Althorp House
Lunatic Asylum ; a single case in May, and another
in June, in July 19 deaths were recorded, in August
41, September 34, the last and only case in October
on the 5th, at New-street; from this period cholera
ceased; the epidemic was most fatal on August 24th
and on September 4th ; the first death from cholera in
July occurred on the 1st, at No. 2 Green-lane ; next
on the 6th, then on the 15 th and 1 6th, &c. In the
Union workhouse 22 deaths from cholera and 5 from
diarrhoea, the number of in-door poor about 430; and
in Althorp House Lunatic Asylum. 5 deaths from
cholera between January 10th and February 4th;
at No. 8 York-row, Battersea-fields, September 4th, a
boiler-maker’s wife, aged 40 years, and her daughter
on the same day, died of cholera, the first in 18 and
the second in 10 hours after the attack ; also a younger
daughter in the same house, was fatally attacked on
the 1st; in the next house, No. 7, a carpenter and his
wife likewise died on the nth and 13th September;
informant complained of the bad state of the water.

In the following localities the epidemic principally
prevailed,

York-street and row, I Sleaford-street, Batter-

Battersea-fields, | sea-fields,

The Marsh, 1 New-street,

Nine Elms, | High-street, &c.

The working classes and their families chiefly
suffered from cholera, and females to a greater extent
than males. During the 3 months, July, August, and
September, 106 deaths were referred to cholera and
diarrhoea, ami but 46 to all other diseases.

in the Sub-Districts of London.

217

32; 3. Wandsworth ; Wandsworth. Pop. 7614.
— Choi. 97; Diarr. 10.

Comprises the entire parish of Wandsworth, bounded
on the north by the river Thames.

Cholera was prevalent in January and the first
week of February, chiefly at Dunt’s-hill, Hill’s-yard,
Garratt-laue, Potter's-court, &c. ; the epidemic then
recommenced on July 8th, continued to increase in
August, when 43 deaths were recorded ; after Sep-
tember 8th there was a considerable decline, during
the month 18 fatal cases occurred, and in October 7,
the last on the nth, at Dutch-yard, a brickroaker’s
wife, aged 53 years, died in 21 hours. Tiie deceased
had washed the clothes of a person who was ill from
cholera.

The deaths were numerous in the subjoined locali-
ties—

Waterside,

Thames-bank,

Apothecaries-row,

Ram-square and lane,
High-street,
Garratt-lane, &c.

The following cases are selected from the Regis-
trar’s reports : —

“On August 1 2th, at 3 Dale-place, Water-side,
wife of labourer, aged 36 years, cholera 3 days.
Attended on 2 of her children who died with cholera
the previous week.”

“On August 12th, at Field’s-alley, labourer,
cholera 8 hours. Intoxicated when attacked.”

“ On August 14th, at Ram-square, wife of tailor,
cholera 8 Jr hours. Attended on 4 persons who had
died with cholera.”

“ On August 23rd, at Bridge-fields, master butcher,
aged 33 years, cholera 24 hours, typhus fever 10 days.
A large open sewer within a few yards, and nearly
opposite. In the same house, and on the same day,
a son of the above, cholera 13 hours, hydrocephalus 3
days.”

“ On August 24th, at Ram-lane, daughter of
labourer, cholera 14 hours. This is the seventh fatal
case that has occurred in the immediate locality, con-
tiguous to which is the cut or basin which receives a
large portion of the town sewerage, and which, being
intermixed with the refuse from a brewery, is con-
stantly emitting gaseous matter, offensive to the whole
of that neighbourhood.”

‘•On August 26th, at Point Pleasant, journeyman
brickmaker, aged 50 years, cholera 72 hours. Third
fatal case in the same house.”

“ On September 2nd, at Dunt's Hill-cottages, Gar-
ratt-lane, daughter of labourer, cholera 10 hours. In
the same house, on September 3rd, wife of labourer,
cholera 12^ hours. Had been attendant on the above
child.”

“ On September 4th, at Frogmore, son of blacksmith,
aged 13 years, diarrhoea 2 days, cholera 15 hours.
Father and mother both died from cholera in the same
house ; no apparent cause, but near Asier Grosmas.”

“On October gth, at Dunt’s-hill, Garratt-lane, wife
of labourer, aged 44 years, cholera 8 days, cerebral
congestion 2 days. Very low and dampj situation ;
several cases have occurred in this neighbourhood.”

32; 4. Wandsworth ; Putney. Pop. 4684. —
Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 12.

Comprises the entire parish of Putney.

First fatal attack of cholera on July 17th, at Albert-
place, the last on September 9th, at Cock’s-bnildings,
the wife of a fishmonger, aged 53 years, cholera 10
hours. Four deaths from cholera ii August, and 3
in September ; diarrhoea was very prevalent in the
autumn, and fatal to 4 adults and 8 children.

32; 5. Wandsworth; Streatham. Pop. 8834. —
Choi. 154 ; Diarr. 13.

Includes the entire parish of Lower Tooting and
Streatham.

With great severity cholera attacked the pauper
children at Surrey Hall, or Drouel’s Farm-house for
the reception of poor children from various metropolitan
parishes. In the 2 last days of December, 1848, 4
deaths were recorded in Surrey Hall from vomiting,
with diarrhoea and collapse ; on January 1st, the death
of a girl, 10 years of age, was assigned to cholera ; on
the following day, the 2nd, 7 died. The epidemic
rapidly increased, and attained its maximum on the
5 tb, when 17 died; on the 6th also 17, the duration in
nearly every case not exceeding 21 hours. By January
16th, in 16 days, 137 children were deprived of life.
After this date the surviving pauper children were
removed to their respective parishes, where several sub-
sequently died from the epidemic. Six ^deaths were
referred to diarrhoea during the above 16 days.

The annexed table represents the progress of cholera
in Drouet’s Farm-house, or Surrey Hall, from the 1st to
the 16th January, both inclusive: —

Deaths of Children from Cholera.

January, 1849.

l“t

2nd

3rd

4th

5'h

6th

7th

8th

I

7

6

13

17

r7

9

15

flth

10th

llth

12th

13*

14th

15th

16‘h

13

II

4

7

10

2

4

I

The proportion of the sexes are 68 boys to 69 girls
who suffered from cholera. The following table
shows the ages, &c. : —

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Boys.

Girls.

Total.

At 2 and under 3 years .

, #

I

I

3 > > 4 > > •

I

3

4

4 j > 5 > > •

8

5

13

5 if 10 9 f •

3i

46

77

10 ,, 15 ,,

27

13

40

1 5 years of age . . .

I

I

2

Total . . •

68

69

137

Exclusive of the above 137 children, 2 nurses and a
female servant died of cholera in the same establishment,
in the aggregate making 140 deaths in Surrey Hall
during the first 16 days of January; and throughout
this great mortality, with few exceptions, but a short
short time intervened from the first attack until death.

The deaths in Surrey Hall, if deducted from the
number registered in this district, leaves the compara-
tively small number of 14 cholera and 1 1 diarrhoea. In
other localities, first fatal case of cholera occurred at
Balham, July 8th, a gentleman, aged 67 years, died in
15 hours; next case on the 20th: in this month 7
deaths, in August 2, and September 5 ; the last on the
26th, at Manor-park, Mitcham-road.

The Registrar, in his report for the week ending
January 13th, states that “77 deaths occurred in Mr.
Drouet’s Infant Poor Establishment, Surrey Hall, 69

218

Notes on Cholera

by cholera and 8 certified as caused by diarrhoea, dysen-
tery, mesenteric disease, & c. The total deaths registered
in this and the previous week, which have occurred in
the Institution, or amongst children who have been
removed from it since the appearance of the epidemic,
amount to 140, of which 122 were returned as caused
by cholera, though most of the others were probably
connected with the epidemic.”

“ On September 23rd, at Manor- park, Mitcham-road,
widow of a brickmaker, aged 55 years, cholera 24
hours.”

This death occurred at one of 6 small tenements,
chiefly occupied by brickmakers (adjoining the brick
fields of this estate), which were formerly horse-stalls
or bullock-sheds, all on the ground-floor, without
drains or any place to throw their refuse, and with only

2 privies for their use. They are overcrowded, badly
ventilated, and have only stagnant water for drink or use.

33; 1. Camberwell; Dulwich. Pop. 1904.

Choi, t ; Diarr. 1.

Comprises the hamlet of Dulwich, in the parish of
Camberwell.

At Dulwich College, on September 26th, one of the
sisters of the college, aged 83 years, died of cholera,
duration of attack 3 days.

33; 2. Camberwell; Camberwell. Pop. 14176.
— Choi 235 ; Diarr. 37.

Bounded on the north by Bowyer’s-lane, part of
New Church-road, Edmund-street, Wellington-street,
&c., extending south to Peckham Rye.

Three deaths from cholera occurred during the first

3 months of the year ; the epidemic subsequently broke
out in George-street, on June 5 th, and carried oft' by
the end of the month 7 persons, in July 67, August 82,
September 75, and in October one, which was registered
on the 4th, at 8 James-street ; during the first 11 days
of September, 56 deaths were ascribed to cholera, after
the nth it declined; the greatest mortality in one day
took- place on September 3rd, when 9 deaths were
recorded.

The first death from cholera in the Workhouse oc-
curred on June 25th, next on July 27th, and continued
to September 19th, in which period 24 died, and 5
from diarrhoea ; some of these persons were removed
from the other districts of Camberwell into the Work-
house, where the number of in-door poor is about 400.

A fatal case of cholera was registered January 1 6th ,
at Peckham House Lunatic Asylum, duration 12
hours ; next case June 25th, another death on the 28th,
and it continued to September 4th; by this time 28
died of cholera and 9 from diarrhoea, the number of
inmates about 500.

At Camberwell House Lunatic Asylum, the first
death from cholera on July 1st, and it continued to pre-
vail to September 9th; during this period 18 died of
cholera and 6 from diarrhoea ; the number of inmates
about 300.

In the following institutions the progress of cholera
is shown : —

—

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

Peckham House Lunatic Asy-1
lum J

2

x8

6

I

Camberwell House ditto

• •.

12

5

I

,, Workhouse .

I

3

9

II

During July, August, and September, the deaths
from all causes exceeded the births by 240 ; in the
same period 224 persons died of cholera, and 136 from
other diseases.

The deaths from cholera were numerous in the
undermentioned localities : —

George-street, Wyndham-
road,

Acorn-street,

Queen-street, row, &c.
Picton-street,
Denmaik-street,
Artichoke-place and row,

Banbury-buildings and
place, George-street,
Waterloo-street,
James-street,

Harris-street,

Varandah-place, Church-
street, &c.

At No. 14 Acorn-street, on June 21st and 23rd, the

2 children of a policeman died of cholera; and on
July 13th, 2 deaths at No. 8; also on the 20th at No.
17, a gardener and his daughter, aged 28 years, died
on the same day.

At No. 3 William-place, Waterloo-street, a coach-
man’s wife and 2 children died of cholera ; the mother
and son on the same day, September 23rd, and the
other child on the 21st.

Four adult persons of the same family died of
cholera, at No. 5 Troy Town, Peckham Rye, one on the
4th September, and 4 on September 6th.

At No. 1 Mary Anne-place, South-street, the 3
children of a labourer died on August 13th, and the
mother also on the 20th, from the epidemic.

Three deaths from cholera occurred at No. 4, and

3 at No. 5 Absalom-place, South-street, within 4 days,
from July 31st to August 3rd, both inclusive.

Diarrhoea prevailed in July, August, and September.

The following notes are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August 1 2th, at James-street, child of la-
bourer, cholera 20 hours. Small houses, but open and
ill cleansed ; an uncovered common sewer close by, of
which the inhabitants complain very much.”

“On August 1 6th, at 18 Clarendon-place, wife of
master bootmaker, aged 58 years, cholera 3 days.
Wide, open street, but very near an uncovered common
sewer.”

“On August 30th, at 15 Acorn-street, bricklayer,
aged 27 years, cholera 48 hours. The next house, No.
14, is where the cholera broke out on June 21st, and
many deaths took place in this street of that disease for
some weeks after. The informant complains of a very
offensive smell from an open ditch near the house, also
from some pigsties at the rear.”

“ On September 2nd, at 6 Banbury’s-buildings,
George-street, a farrier, aged 61 years, cholera 36 hours.
These houses are built close on the bank of an open
sewer, the smell from which is very offensive ; it was
here that the first case of cholera took place on June
5th, followed by another on the 16th, &c.”

“ On September 6th, at 5 Troy Town, Peckham Rye,
widow of a coachman, aged 66 years, cholera 17 hours.
This woman was in attendance on her neighbour at
No. 6, who died on the 1st instant ; her son, who lived
with her, was attacked and died on the 4th ; the 2
daughters, one living at Blackheath and the other in
Peckham Rye, as servants, came home to see their
brother, when the 3 were all attacked with cholera,
and died the same day, within a few hours of each
other.”

33; 3. Camberwell; Peckham. Pop. 12563. —
Choi. 92 ; Diarr. 21.

Includes the hamlet of Peckham, bounded on the
north by the Grand Surrey Canal, extending south
between the Registrars’ districts of St. Paul, Deptford,
and Camberwell.

A single death in June is referred to cholera, on the
17th, at Burt-place, Old Kent-road ; the next, on
July 4th, at Canterbury-row. The epidemic prevailed
throughout the months of July, August, and Septem-
ber, in which the deaths respectively were 18, 25, ami

in the Sub- Districts of London.

219

44. On October 24th the last death was recorded at
Carl ton-place, Park-road ; the greatest number of
deaths in one day occurred on September 13th. 73

grown up persons and 19 children died of cholera, and
nearly one-half the deaths in July, August, and Sep-
tember were ascribed to this epidemic. During this
period 143 births were registered to 210 deaths from
all causes, and the proportion of the sexes were 44
males to 48 females. No class of occupation appeared
to be exempt. Diarrhoea was prevalent in the months
of August and September ; with the exception of 4
adults, the rest were children who died from this
disease.

In the following neighbourhoods cholera prevailed : —

Caroline-street, Old Kent-
road,

Canterbury-row,

Park street and road, New
Peckham,

High-street,
Orchard,
Melon-ground,
Alpha-street, &c.

At No. 13 Park-street, New Peckham, 2 females died
of cholera on September 13th, the one in 12 and the
other in 18 hours after the attack ; also another fatal
case of cholera on the 19th, in the same house.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August 13th, at 4 Britannia-terrace, Melon-
ground, single woman, aged 18 years, cholera 15 hours.
All the neighbourhood of the Melon-ground is poor and
badly drained, and near this house is a very foul ditch.”

“ On August 25th, at 2 Orchard, Peckham, wife of
bootmaker, aged 34 years, cholera 12 hours. All the
Orchard is very foul and badly drained, and inhabited
only by the poorer classes.”

“On September 2nd, at 2 Hannah- cottages, Com-
mercial-road, son of banker’s clerk, diarrhoea 4 days,
collapse 4 hours, cholera. This is in the neighbour-
hood of the Melon-ground, and close to the canal, the
whole of which district has been much visited by the
epidemic.”

“ On September 15th, at 2 John-street, Melon-ground,
daughter of carpenter, mesenteric disease 4 months,
cholera 4 days. This is the third death in this family
within a week.”

“ On September 25th, at 20 Alpha-street, New
Peckham, widow of stoker at gas factory, aged 26 years,
cholera 2 days, fever 6 days. A very badly-drained
street.”

“On September 30th, at 7 Elizabeth-place, Asylum-
road, Old Kent-road, spinster (lady), aged 20 years,
bilious vomiting and purging, ending in cholera. A
good open road. The second death from cholera in
this house.”

33; 4. Camberwell ; St. George. Pop. 11225.
— Choi. 176 ; Diarr. 27.

Includes Albany-street on the north ; bounded on
the south by the north side of New Church-road,
Edmund-street, Wellington-street, Commercial-road,
and part of the Grand Surrey Canal, running east and
west.

The deaths of 8 1 males and 95 females are referred
to cholera. The first and only case in June occurred
on the 17th, in Wyndham-road ; the next on the 7th
July, another on the 12th : from this period the epidemic
increased in severity, during the month 33 persons
died, in August 70, in September 70; in the first 8
days of this month 53 had fallen victims to the viru-
lence of the disease, which attained its maximum on
September 6th, on this day 10 deaths were recorded.
The last fatal case on the 13th October, at Brown’s-
terrace Wyndham-road.

The proportion of the sexes, in 3 periods of life, is
here shown : —

Age.

Deaths from Cholera.

Males.

Fe-

males.

Total .

F rom birth to 1 5 years .

28

25

53

15 and under 60 years

42

54

96

60 years and upwards.

II

16

27

Total . . .

81

95

176

In the subjoined localities several deaths from
cholera occurred — -

Thomas-street, Wyndham-
road,

Nelson-street, Wyndham-
road,

Lovegrove-street, Old Kent-
road,

Albany-road,

Sou I hampton-street,
Gloucester-place,
Diamoivd-street,
Wellington-street,
&c.

The 2 children of an attorney died of cholera on the
same day, August 14th, at No. 3 Vittoria-place, in 12
and 6 hours after being seized with the epidemic.

At No. 9 Lovegrove-street Old Kent-road, August
14th and 15th, the wife and son of a cordwainer died
of cholera.

Of the 19 deaths from the cholera epidemic regis-
tered in Nelson-street, 12 occurred within 7 days, viz.,
July 28th to August 3rd ; 3 fatal cases are recorded
at No. 6 ; 2 at No. 16 ; 2 at No. 19, &c.

In Thomas-street, Wyndham-road, 13 deaths from
cholera happened, and at No. 1 and No. 2, two deaths
took place at each bouse ; and at the Friendly Female
Asylum, Albany-road, 2 deaths were ascribed to this
disease, one on the 4th, the other on the 7th September.

Labourers, mechanics, and tradesmen, including
their families, were afflicted with the epidemic.

Diarrhoea was fatal to 14 males and 13 females; all
except 9 were under the age of 2 years.

The Registrar describes, in his reports, the following
cases and localities : —

“ The following occurred at 91^ Albany-road on
August 25th : a civil engineer, aged 40 years,

cholera 18 hours. Very filthy open ditch at the back
of all the houses in the Albany-road. He was in
perfect health when taken with cholera. His wife was
suddeidy attacked, and died in a few hours afterwards.
The nurse who attended them is also dead.”

“ On August 31st, at No. 21 Lovegrove-street,
Old Kent-road, daughter of labourer, cholera 22 hours.
Very dirty small houses, occupied by several poor
families in a filthy state, principally Irish. Numerous
have been the attacks of cholera in this street, 10 of
which were fatal.”

“ On September 29th, at No. r Adelaide-place,
New Church-road, widow of bricklayer, aged 77 years,
cholera 24 hours. This female had not washed her
feet for upwards of 20 years. A bag of gold was found
under her pillow ; previously to her death she had
pleaded poverty.”

34; 1. Rotherhithe; Rotherhithe. Pop. 13917.
— Choi. 352 ; Diarr. 44.

This district comprises the entire parish of St. Mary,
Rotherhithe ; the north and east, bounded by the river
Thames, termed the Pool, and Limehouse Reach oppo-
site to Shadwell, Ratcliff, Limehouse, and the Isle of
Dogs ; extends south to St. Paul’s, Deptford ; on the
west bounded by St. James Bermondsey.

The greater part of the parish lies below Trinity high
watermark, and is most populous on the river side.; here
the cholera epidemic was more severely felt than in any

220

Notes on Cholera

other metropolitan district ; 5 fatal case3 are recorded in
February, one in March, 10 occurred in June; in the
month of July a considerable augmentation of mortality
arose, viz., 138 deaths; in August 95 ; in September
9 7, and in October 6. The first case in June happened
on the 8th, atGomm-cottages, Lower-road, the daughter
of a gentleman, aged 32 years, survived the attack 15
hours; the next death followed on the 16th, succeeded
by another on the 24th, and it continued to spread
with great rapidity to September 17th ; after this period
a decline was perceptible to October 16th, on which
day the last fatal case was recorded. The greatest
number of fatal attacks took place on the 2nd, 13th,
and 25th July, and on the 2nd, 9th, and loth of Sep-
tember. The inhabitants of the following streets and
adjoining neighbourhoods suffered severely:

Deaths from Cholera.

Total.

July.

August

Sep-

tember

Silver-street «...

13

13

, #

, ,

Paradise-street and row .

13

2

8

3

Surrey-place ....

8

8

• •

• •

Lower Queen-street .

8

5

2

I

Charlotte-row and place .

18

13

I

4

Rotherhithe-street . . .

18

13

2

3

Dodd’s-place ....

8

7

I

• •

Adam-street ....

18

8

4

6

Church-street and passage

ir

5

3

3

Swan-lane and Island .

8

3

I

4

Globe-street ....

7

4

2

1

On board ships off Rother- )

10

c

1

hi the j

Johu’s-place ....

6

2

• «

4

Neptune-street. . . .

5

I

2

2

Elephant-lane ....

7

4

3

• •

Ram-alley

7

• •

6

1

Hanover-street. . .

IO

I

3

6

Commercial Docks andl

8

2

6

ships ...../

In the Workhouse there were registered':! 6 deaths from
cholera and 2 from diarrhoea. The pauper inmates
number about 230. In Silver-street, during the first 3
days of July, 7 deaths were referred to cholera, and at
No. 6, 3 deaths occurred between the 1st and 6th July.

At No. 2 Gillam’s-court, from the 24th to the 301I1
June ("both inclusive), 4 adults of one family
died of cholera; and at 27 Rotherhithe-street, a
labourer s wife and 2 children were fatally attacked ;
likewise at No. 10 Globe-street, a carpenter and his 2
sons; also at No. 7 Dunn’s-cottages, on August 1 5th,
a labourer died in 12 hours, and his daughter in 6
hours, from the commencement of the attack.

172 males and 180 females died from cholera.

The annexed table represents the sexes, and the
number who died of cholera at 3 periods of lile : —

Deaths from Cholera.

Age.

Males.

Females

Total.

From birth to 1 5 years

67

•

55

122

15 to 60 vears

84

91

*75

60 years & upwards .

21

34

55

Total . . .

172

180

352

During the 3 months of July, August, and September,
330 deaths were registered from cholera, and but 174
from all other causes, and but one birth was registered
to every 4 deaths. Diarrhoea was principally fatal to
children ; in 44 deaths, 29 were under the age of 3
years.

Mariners, shipwrights, lightermen, carpenters, cord-
wainers, labourers, &c., with their families, suffered
from cholera ; in many instances the termination of life
was rapid, a few hours only intervening between the
attack and death.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“ On August 12th, at 3 Cow-lane, son of labourer,
cholera 4 days, typhoid 2 days. The house is very old ;
much crowded, being occupied by several poor families,
in a filthy state.”

“On August nth, at 4 Cow-lane, daughter of
labourer, cholera 18 hours. There were 2 deaths in
this house in 2 days. It would be impossible to keep
this house in a healthy state, from its extreme dilapida-
tion. The father of the above died of cholera on the
10th.”

“ On August nth, at 12 Baker's- rent's, a blacksmith,
cholera 5 days. This house stands in a narrow alley,
badly drained.”

“ On August 14th, at 8 Providence-place, China-
hall, a labourer, cholera 9 days, typhoid 7 days. This
house is surrounded with several filthy ditches.”

“ On August 14th, at 6 Mary-street, a labourer,
cholera 12 hours. An open sewer at the back of this
house.”

“On August 19th, at 7 Globe-street, son of ship-
wright, cholera 7 days. An open sewer at the back.”

“On August 2 1st, at 4 Riches’-row, Lower-road,
daughter of labourer, aged 11 years, typhus 5 days,
cholera 7 days. Several very filthy ditches near this
house.”

“On August 23rd, at 1 George-street, a lighterman,
aged 43 years, cholera 3 days. Very filthy open
ditch at the back.”

“ On August 24th, at 6 Albion-street, wife of coal-
meter, aged 43 years, cholera 16 hours. An offensive
open sewer at the back of this house, on which the
small gardens of all the houses in Adam-street and
Albion-street abut — about 60 houses."

“On August 25th, at 6 Pasfield’s-rents, labourer,
cholera 4 days. The house small, outlet at the back
very confined ; bad water, and no drainage.”

“ On September 4th, at 8 Spread Eagle-court,
a widow, aged 34 years, cholera 9 hours. She sold
fruit in the street. This house and the locality has
everything in it and about it unfavourable to health.”

“ On September 2nd, at 2 Neptune-street, daughter
of engineer, cholera j 2 hours. Drainage very bad, with
a large open sewer at the end of the street.”

“ On September 6th, at 7 Hanover-street, daughter
of labourer, cholera 10 hours. Very old house, filled
with lodgers, 4 and 5 families in each house. Very
damp locality ; bad supply of water, and an offensive
ditch in the rear.”

“ At a house in Russell-street, situated by the side
of a filthy drain, a labourer and 2 children died ; also
the nurse who attended on 2 of them.”

“ On September 19th, at 3 Charlotte-row, daughter
of labourer, cholera 16 hours. There are 28 houses in
Charlotte-row, and the deaths from cholera since July
1st have been 16.”

KENT (Part of).

35; 1. Greenwich; St. Paul, Deptford.

Pop. 18664. — Choi. 150; Diarr. 53.

Includes the parish of St. Puul, Deptford, and

221

in the Sub- Districts of London.

Hatcham Manor in the county of Surrey ; bounded on
the east by the river Ravensbourne ; on the west by
the South London Cemetery and Peckham ; on the
north by Rotherhithe and the west part of the town of
Deptford ; extending south to Deptford-common, &c.

Cholera appeared on June 14th, at 43 Prince's-street ;
next case July 3rd, then on the 5th, 7th, &c. In this
month, there were 27 deaths ; August 44, September
72, and in October 6, the last 2 cases on the 10th, at
Victory-street and Edward -street. During the first 9
days of September, 41 lives were lost by this fatal epide-
mic, which attained its height on the 5th, when 7 per-
sons died ; after the 22nd, cholera was nearly extinct.
More than half the deaths from all causes during the
months of July, August, and September arose from
cholera and diarrhoea. In this period the deaths from
all causes were 306, and the births 177, or 129 deaths
more than births. Diarrhoea was very prevalent in
July, August, and September; the deaths were 9, 12,
and 2i respectively. Of the total number, 42 were
under the age of 3 years, the remaining 11, adults.
The proportion of the sexes were 32 malesto2i females,
from diarrhoea; and from cholera, 67 males to 83
females. At No. 2 J Clifton-road, the wife of a ham-
merman in the last stage of pregnancy, and her [2
children, died of cholera between the 3rd and 5th Sep-
tember; and at No. r Waterloo-place, on September
5th, the wife of a railway servant, near her confine-
ment, and her son died of cholera on the same day.
The epidemic was severely felt in the following streets,
&c. : —

Creek-street,

[ Fish-street,
Cannon-street,
Mill-lane,
Torr’s-terrace,

Church-street and row,
Giffin-street,

New King-street,
Laurie-grove,

&c.

One death from cholera was recorded on board a
ship lying off in the river Thames.

The annexed cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August nth, at 11 Creek-street, widow of
labourer, aged 74 years, cholera 12 hours. This place
is in a low and unhealthy situation.”

“On August nth, at 18 Torr’s-terrace, Lower
Deptford-road, son of labourer, aged 7 years, cholera
23 hours. Near the boundary line dividing Rother-
hithe from Deptford. Deceased’s brother, aged 12
years, died of cholera in the same house, 10 hours after
he was attacked, on August 8th. There has been a
death from cholera at No. 3, and also at No. 12, in
the same terrace.”

“On September 13th, at 5 Agutter’s-buildings,
Mill-lane, daughter of labourer (deceased), aged 9
months, cholera 36 hours. The father of the child
died of cholera on the day previous in the same house.
The houses in Agutter’s-buildings are built back to
back, and consist of 2 rooms only, one above the other ;
no current of air passing through them, not having
either back doors or windows.”

I 1“ On September 22nd, at 36 Giffiu-street, daughter
of labourer, aged 14 months, cholera. This child’s
brother, aged 4 years, died of cholera on September
1 6th ; and their mother, of the same disease, on Sep-
tember 13th: all in the same house, within 10 days.”

35; 2. Greenwich; St. Nicholas, Deptford.

Pop 6953. — Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 14.

Comprises the entire parish of St. Nicholas, bounded
on the north-east by the river Thames, extending from
Deptford Creek to the north sideol Deptford Dockyard ;
on the south-west, the parish of St. Paul, and west by
Deptford Creek, &c.

Two fatal cases of cholera were recorded at the

Emigrant Depot, on January 30th, and one in H.M.S.
Adventure, February nth. After an interval of some
months, the next case occurred July nth, on board a
ship lying off Deptford, followed by 2 deaths on the
14th, in New-street and Backfields. In July there
were 9 deaths; August, 12; September, 9; and in
October, 2 ; the last on the 7th, at 31 King-street.
The epidemic was also fatal in Dock-street, Collier-
street, Butcher-row, &c., &c.

A mother and daughter died of cholera, at No. 3
Czar-street, on July 22nd and 25th. Also a lighterman
and his son, at the Stowage, August 3rd and 5th.

35; 3. Greenwich; Greenwich , West. Pop.
16552. Choi. 306; Diarr. 26.

Bounded on the west by Deptford Creek and the
river Ravensbourne ; north by the river Thames ; east
by Church-street and Greenwich Park ; south by Black-
heath-hill, &c.

The mortality from cholera was very considerable
during the months of J uly, August, and September, viz.,
57, 136, and 80 deaths respectively ; and in the month
of August 41 deaths from the epidemic were registered
in the Devonshire Hospital Ship for Seamen, and 39 in
September; likewise 13 deaths were recorded in the
Dreadnought Hospital Ship for Seamen, in the early
part of the year. Cholera appeared on June 5th, at
No. 7 Railway-place ; next case on the 7th, then the 8th,
&c., and by the end of the month 1 1 deaths ; in July the
mortality increased, in August it extended rapidly after
the 8th, and attained its maximum on the 15th; the
epidemic prevailed with great virulence in the early
part of September, during the first 10 days 41 persons
were deprived of life, but towards the end of this
month its severity nearly subsided; in October 9 deaths
occurred, the last on the 10th.

Deaths from
Cholera.

Men at the age of 15 years to 45 .138
Women , , , , *36

The greater number of male deaths is accounted for
by the circumstance of 137 having died in the Dread-
nought and Devonshire Hospital Ships for Seamen.

Deaths from Cholera.

Dread-

Devon-

-

nought

shire

Hospital

Hospital

Ship for

Ship for

Seamen.

Seamen.

January ....

I

February ....

9

• •

March, April, and May

3

• •

June

5

• •

July

21

15

August ....

• •

41

September . . .

• .

39

October ....

• *

3

Dreadnought 39 l j,7

Devonshire ..... 9^ 1

In the Dreadnought Hospital Ship for Seamen of all
Nations, where the patients number about 1 50; 39 deaths
from cholera were recorded between January 1st and
July 18th ; about this time the sick were transferred to
the Devonshire ship, where the next death occurred on
July 20th; subsequently, by iolh October, 98 were
registered from cholera, and on August 161I1, 5 deaths
took place. In the following localities the epidemic
prevailed : —

222

Notes on Cholera

Royal-hill,
Thames-street,
Delauy’s-court,
Coltman-streef, build-
ings, &c.
Frederick-street,

Wood-wharf,
Horseferry-place and
road,

London-court,
Blucher’s-buildings,
Thomas-yard, &c.

In a boat on the river Thames, lying off the town, a
death from cholera took place on June 2 ist. On August
12th and 13th, in London-court, a coal-porter’s wife
and child died of cholera in the same house ; also the

2 children of a waterman, at 26 Thames-street, on
August 17th. At No, 16 Blucher’s-buildings, the 2
children of a coal-porter died of cholera, the one in 13
and the other in 23 hours after the attack; and on
September 5 th and 6th, the wife of a waiter and her
daughter, at No. 5 Rymer’s-buildings. From September
3rd to the 1 2th, a drayman’s wife and 2 children died
of cholera, at No. 20 Coltman-street. The annexed
cases are selected from the Registrar’s reports : —

“ On August 17th, in London-court, daughter of
labourer, aged 9 years, cholera 3 days. Four persons
died in the same house, and were members of 2 families,
comprising 10 in number. The house contains but 3
rooms. Inmates very poor and dirty in their habits.”

“On August 18th, in London-court, daughter of
labourer, aged one year, cholera 2 days, secondary fever

3 days. This is the fifth death in the same house in 6
days.”

“ On August 29th, in London-court, wife of labourer,
aged 34 years, cholera 5 days. The fifth death in the
same house within 15 days.”

“On September 22nd, at 2 Orange-court, son of
hatter (deceased), cholera about 6 days. A brother of
this child died on the same day of cholera, aged 21
years, in Carr’s-court.”

35; 4. Greenwich; Greenwich, East. Pop.
13043. Choi. 134; Diarr. 60.

Bounded on the west by Garden-street, Church-
Street, and Croom’s-hill.

Eighty-five males and 49 females were registered
during the year 1849, as having died of cholera; of
this number 42 were pensioners in Greenwich Hospital.

After 27 deaths by diarrhoea, namely, 8 in the
Union Workhouse, 16 in Greenwich Hospital, and 3 in
other localities, cholera broke out on July 2nd, at
Prospect-place. A waterman, aged 21 years, died in 9
hours after the attack ; next case on the 4th, at Morden-
wharf; by the end of this month 18 persons died, in
August 47, in September 66, and in October 3 ; the
last on the 13th, at Maberley’s-court. I11 the last week
of August and the first 14 days of Septefnber, the
epidemic was at its height, and fatal to 77 persons ; the
greatest mortality was on September 8th and 14th, when
on each of those days 7 deaths were recorded. In the 3
months of July, August, and September, the deaths
registered from cholera and diarrhoea amounted to 162,
and from all other causes of death 149; and in this
period but 85 births against 311 deaths. The inhabit-
ants in the following streets, &c., suffered from
cholera : —

Prospect-place,
Tyler-street, and build-
ings,

Hatcliffe-street,
East-street and lane,
Lower Park-street,

W el lington-street,

Maberley’s-court,

Green-street,

Spring-gardens,

Marsh-lane,

&c.

In the Union Workhouse the first fatal case of cholera
July 1 6th, subsequently by September 26th, 15
persons died; the in-door paupers number about
1000, which include the poor who belong to the other
districts in the Greenwich Union. Amongst the pen-
sioners in the Royal Hospital, Greenwich, cholera was

very fatal; first case July 12th; from this period to
October 3rd, 39 old seamen were deprived of life; in
the majority of cases, but a few hours elapsed between
the attack and death. The number of pensioners in the
Royal Hospital number about 2600.

The following table shows the progress of cholera
and diarrhoea in the above institutions : —

Royal

Hospital,

Greenwich.

Greenwich

Workhouse.

i

Choi.

Diarr.

Choi JDiarr.

January

5

I

I

February

2

March ,

4

• .

April

I

I

May .

•

3

I

June .

t

I

3

July

•

4

2

3

7

August .

6

3

4

7

September

•

3i

2

8

5

October .

.

I

3

• •

December

2

Total

•

•

42

26

15

27

The above number of deaths in the Royal Hospital
includes the deaths by cholera of 2 nurses, and the
wife of a Lieutenant, Royal Navy ; the rest were
pensioners, and, with the exception of 2, all above 60
years of age; in 9 days, from September 6th to the
14th, both inclusive, 23 died of the epidemic. The
fatal cases of cholera in the Hospital and the Work-
house amounted to one-half of those registered in the
district ; 41 males and 19 females died of diarrhoea,
of these, 7 were children and 53 adults, 26 of whom
were pensioners.

The subjoined cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : —

“On August 17th,' in Maberly’s-court, daughter
of shoemaker, aged 9 years, cholera 4 days. The
informant stated that, a few nights ago, himself and
family were awoke by a dreadful stench, which was
found to proceed from the emptying of a privy
adjoining his house, the soil of which was 6 or 7 feet
deep ; a hole was dug close by, where the soil was
deposited. The deceased had inhaled the effluvium,
and was seized with headache and sickness, with
pain in bowels. Other branches of the family were
attacked. Maberly’s-court itself is a very dirty place.”

“On July 17th, in Bennet-street, wife of waterman,
aged 54 years, cholera 28 hours (inquest'). This woman’s
son died of cholera in the same house, on July 2nd.”

“ On September 8th, in the Union workhouse, a
labourer, aged 63 years, cholera 20 hours. This was
one of the men engaged to perform the duty of coffin-
ing the dead, attending funerals, &c. He is supposed
to have taken the cholera by getting into the hearse to
assist in taking out a very offensive corpse for inter-
ment.”

“During the quarter ending September 30th, the
deaths exceeded the usual number by 130. The fol-
lowing are the deaths during the 3 months from 5
causes : cholera 130, diarrhoea 33, typhus 12, measles
2, and small-pox one. North side of the district,
chiefly below high water mark and (Greenwich Hos-
pital excepted) badly drained, 102 cholera, and 12
diarrhoea. South of the district, a rising ground and
healthy, 28 cholera and 21 diarrhoea.”

in the Sub-Districts of London.

223

35; 5. Greenwich; Woolwich Dockyard. Pop.
12418. — Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 26.

First death from cholera on July 13th, at 45 Church-
street, a pork butcher, aged 33 years, died in 12 hours
after the attack; next deaths on the 17th, 23rd, &c.
The last fatal case, September 29th, at No. 16 Green-
hill ; 27 males and 8 females died of cholera; the
disproportion of the sexes arose from the deaths in the
Unite Hospital Ship for convicts ; also the military,
engineers, shipwrights, &c., living in this district,
having suffered from the epidemic, residing princi-
pally in —

Kidd-street,

Frances-street,

Warwick-street,

Green-street and hill,
Artillery-place,
Church-street, &c.

A labourer’s wife, aged 40 years, and her son, aged

9 years, died of cholera on September 9th and nth,
the woman in 8 hours and the boy within 9 hours
after the attack. In the Royal Artillery Barracks, 4
children died of diarrhoea. In the Royal Marine
Hospital, a stoker, aged 32 years, died of cholera, in
36 hours. In the Marine Infirmary, a labourer, aged
52 years, died of cholera in 12 hours. In the Royal
Dock yard one death, and in ships lying off in
the river 2 deaths from cholera. In the Unite
Hospital Ship for convicts, one death from diarrhoea
was registered in March, and 6 from cholera in
August, between the 17th and 31st, both inclusive;

10 deaths from cholera had previously occurred in the
Unite Convict Hospital Ship, from June nth to July
23 rd, which were registered by the Registrar of the
Arsenal sub-district of Woolwich, the Unite being
removed to moorings in this district after the 23rd ;
4 adults died of diarrhoea; the rest were those of chil-
dren under the age of 3 years.

35 ; 6. Greenwich; Woolwich Arsenal. Pop.
1 3 36 7. — Cholera 58; Diarrhoea 23.

Cholera was fatal in 18 hours in the Royal Ordnance
Hospital on April 6th, to a gunner in the Royal Horse
Artillery, aged 23 years; the next 9 cases were in the
Unite Hospital Ship for convicts, namely, on June
nth, 13th, and 16th, and on July 2nd, 5th, and 7th,
&c. Cholera then appeared at 20 Meeting House-lane,
July 19th; the last case November 9th, at No. 15
N ightingale-vale.

In the first 21 days of September, 26 deaths were
referred to cholera.

In the months of July, August, and September,
nearly one-half the deaths arose from cholera and
diarrhoea; in this period the births registered were no,
whilst the deaths were 144. 35 males and 23 females

died of cholera; the excess of males is assigned to
the mortality amongst the convicts in the Unite Hos-
pital Ship. In the following localities cholera was
prevalent, viz. —

High-street,

Union-street,

Gough-yard,

Surgeon-street,

Meeting House-lane,

Povvis-street,

Salutation-alley,

&c.

On board a ship lying off the arsenal in the river
Thames, one death occurred from cholera.

At No. 50 High-street, 5 persons died of cholera in
8 days, from August 21st to the 28th ; and at No. 33
Union-street, a journeyman tailor and his wife died
on September xst and 3rd.

At No. 2 Gough-yard, The Gardens, on September
1st to 5th, 3 labourers died of the epidemic ; 6 deaths
from cholera were recorded in the Royal Ordnance
Hospital, and one from diarrhoea. From June nth
to July 23rd (both inclusive), 10 convicts died of
cholera in the Unite Hospital Ship ; subsequently 6

deaths were registered by the Registrar of the Dock-
yard sub-district, making together 16 cholera and
one diarrhoea.

The following cases are selected from the Registrar’s
reports : — •

“On August 12th, at 7 Warren-lane, wife of
pensioner, aged 63 years, cholera 11 hours. This lane
runs from High-street to the river Thames. The
house is one of the lodging-houses occupied generally
by the lowest class of tramps.”

“ On August i8tb, at 106 High-street, an apprentice
to shoemaker, aged 15 years, cholera 14 hours. In
the immediate neighbourhood of this house there is a
slaughterhouse and a tallow-melter’s, both of which
are complained of, especially the former, and particu-
larly when the cesspool of filth is being cleared out.”
“On August 28th, at 50 High-street, coal porter,
aged 40 years, cholera 13 hours. This is the fifth
deatli from cholera in this house ; drainage much
wanted.”

“ On September 12th, in the Royal Ordnance
Hospital, gunner, Royal Artillery, aged 20 years,
cholera 5 days, resided in Royal Artillery barracks.
This is the second gunner who has died from cholera
within 3 days; they were both on duty on the convict
guard on the previous Saturday, and were brought
into hospital from the Royal Arsenal.”

“ On September 14th, at 2 Spray’s-buildings, a jour-
neyman tailor, cholera 7 days. A very dirty, confined
neighbourhood ; no drainage. The principal part of
the street is in Plumstead parish ; the open gutters at
times are exceedingly offensive.”

“ On September 12th, at 3 Mount-street, New-road,
son of labourer, aged 6 years, cholera 11 hours.”

“ On September 13th, a sister of the above in the
same house, cholera 8 hours.”

“ These make 3 deaths from cholera in 9 days in
this house. There are 7 houses in the row, recently
built, but mostly let in rooms. The house No. 3,
contained 13 or 14 persons, in 5 rooms and a wash-
house. Within half a rod at the back of these resi-
dences is a row of privies ; the stench from them is very
offensive, and behind them a number of low gardens
in very damp condition; no drainage whatever.”

36; 1. Lewisham; Plumstead. Pop. 5471.

Choi. 14; Diarr. 13.

First fatal case of cholera July 10th, and another on
the 26th, both in Plumstead ; the next on August 14th,
in Mount-street, Charlton. The epidemic ceased on
September 15th. Cholera and diarrhoea prevailed in
the following streets : —

Mount-street, Charlton,

Church-lane,

Spray’s-buildings,

Thomas-street,

Lower Burrage-place,

&c.

At No. 1 Mount-street, Charlton, the son of a
smith, aged 10 years, died of cholera on August 14th,
in 16 hours ; on the 21st the mother was fatally attacked
in the same house ; and between September 13th
and 15 th, 2 adult persons died of cholera at 15 Upper
Burrage-place, West Plumstead.

36; 2, Lewisham; Eltham. Pop. 2310.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 5.

First death from cholera August 23rd; the last on
September 20th.

On September 10th, the wife of an ostler died of
cholera ; also on the 20th her daughter, aged 20
years.

On July 25th, the daughter of a merchant’s clerk
died of diarrhoea; subsequently her father, aged 32
years, died of cholera on August 23rd.

36; 3. Lewisham; Lee. Pop. 6938. — Choi. 35;
Diarr. 13.

224

Notes on Cholera

Cholera commenced on July 7th, at 4 King-street
and 8 Regent-street; by the end of the month 8 per-
sons died ; in August, 20 ; and in September, 7 ; the
last on the 14th at Phoenix-square, Blackheath. The
deaths from cholera occurred chiefly in the following
streets : —

King- street . • . •

Regent-street . . •

Essex-place . . . .

Bath-place, Blackheath
Dacre-street . . .

12 deaths.
4 > >

3 >,

2 ,,

At No. 18 Regent-street, on July 15 th and 18th, on
each of those days a death occurred from cholera;
at No. 1 King-street, 2 deaths; at No. 4, 2 deaths;
and at No. 10, one death from cholera and one from
diarrhoea. At 32, Dacre-street, on August 26th, the
2 children of a labourer died of cholera; also at No.
3r, the widow and a son of a policeman; and at No.
30, on September 7th, the wife of a bricklayer, aged
30 years.

The Registrar states that the above neighbourhoods
are densely populated, badly drained, and badly
supplied with water, the privies, in many cases, over-
flowing.

36; 4. Lewisham; Village. Pop. 5380. — Choi.
38 ; Diarr. 22.

In the Union Workhouse, Lewisham, the first death
from cholera occurred on June 24th; next the 26th,
at Homes Dale. In July there were 17 deaths; in
August, 8 ; and in September, 1 1 ; the last on the 30th.
The deaths from cholera in the workhouse numbered 1 1,
from diarrhoea, 8 ; the in-door poor number about 240.
The following localities suffered from cholera, viz. : —

Hanover-street,
North-row, ■
Stratford- place,

Botany-bay,
Loam Pit-vale,
Price’s-row, &c.

The Registrar states that, “ Price’s-row and Botany-
bay are situated where about 3000 of the working
classes reside — localities badly ventilated, and no
drainage.”

On July 22nd and 23rd, at No. 7, North-row, one
death from cholera and one from diarrhcea occurred
in the same family ; and at No. 8 Hanover-street, 2
deaths from cholera took p'ace.

36; 5. Lewisham; Sydenham. Pop. 2915. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 1.

Cholera was fatal on July irth at Park-hill, the
next 3 cases were members of the same family,
residing in Wells-road, and who died in two days,
namely, July 15th and 16th. The other death occurred
at Sydenham, August 31st.

Note. Where the number of Inmates of Public Institutions in London is mentioned, it has been taken

from a return made to the Registrar General on March 31, 1850. *

II. SOUTH EASTERN DIVISION.

1. SURREY (Part of).

37 ; I. Epsom ; Carshalton. Pop. 5809. — C-hol. 5 ;
Diarr. 7.— The first death from cholera in this sub-
district took place at Carshalton, February nth, a
labourer's wife, aged 45 : the second at Banstead,
July 25th. 2 cases were recorded at Sutton,

August 20th and 23rd ; and another at Carshalton
August 28th.

37; 2. ; Epsom. Pop. 6157. Choi. 6;

Diarr. 3. — Of the 5 parishes in this sub-district,
Epsom alone was visited fatally by the epidemic.
Three persons died from cholera there in July (first
case, an upholder, aged 33, on the 18th), one in
August, and 2 in September.

37; 3. ; Leatherhead. Pop. 5282. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o. — The Registrar, in his return for the
quarter ending September 30th, remarks: — “The
whole of the sub-district is very healthy. No death
in Leatherhead, with a population of nearly 2000,
has taken place since the 5th May, except those
of 2 seven-months children. I think much is owing
to the activity of the sanatory committee in this place.
Every house has been examined, and dunghills re-
moved, drains laid down, and water-closets moved
to a distance from the dwellings.”

38; I. Chertsey; Walton. Pop. 3601. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. 1.

38: 2. ; Chertsey. Pop. 6352. — Choi- 3;;

Diarr. 3. — Cholera appeared in this sub-district in
August, and continued to prevail from the 8th of
that month (when the first death, a labourer aged 60,
occurred at New Hawe) until September 16th. In
Guildford-street, Chertsey, 13 persons died; at
Abbey Green 15, and at New Hawe 3. The disease
in some cases proved fatal to more than one person
in a family; the deaths of a shoemaker, his wife,
and 2 children were recorded. I

38; 3. ; Chobham. Pop. 4975. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — This death from cholera took place at
Chobham, August 17th, a butcher, aged 53.

39 ; 1. Guildford; Woking. Pop. 4563. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. o. — Both deaths occurred inWoplesdon parish,
viz. — August 3rd, a labourer’s son aged 16; and
October 20th, a dissenting minister, after 16 hours’
illness.

39; 2. ; Ripley. Pop. 2333. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2.

— The death from cholera took place at Send,
July 4th, a labourer, after an attack of 14 hours’ du-
ration. The Registrar states that this person ivas a
casual inmate of the workhouse.

39; 3. Albury. Pop. 4349. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2.

— The case ofcholera occurred at Albury, April 27th,
a labourer.

39; 4. ; Guildford. Pop. 6815. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera occurred
June 9th, a shipowner, aged 70; followed by that
of a bargeman on July 21st. 3 cases in August.

One death from diarrhoea at the Union workhouse.

39; 5. ; Godaiming. Pop. 5021. — Choi. 3 3 ;

Diarr. 2. — The 3 cases of cholera occurred in God-
aiming parish, viz., on July 20th, a bargeman; Oc-
tober loth, a railway labourer ; and October 14th, a
tanner’s wife.

40; 1. Farnham ; Frimley. Pop. 2220. — Choi. 0;
Diarr. 3.

40; 2. ; Farnham. Pop. 8438. — Choi. f>;

Diarr. 12. — The first case recorded as cholera oc-
curred June 24th in Frensham parish, an infant, after
an attack of 5 days’ duration ; the other deaths took
place in Farnham parish September 2nd, and Octo-
ber 10th, 13th, 1 8th, and 19th. The Registrar, in
his return for the quarter ending September 30th,
remarks, “ My sub-district is at present very healthy,
which is more than could be hoped, considering the
bad drainage of some parts of our town, and the
thousands of strangers of the poorest class who come
to it during the hop-picking.’’

225

in the Counties of Surrey and Kent.

41 ; 1. Farnborougii ; Farnborough. Pop. 4187. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

41; 2. ; Headley. Pop. 2937. Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

42 ; 1. Hambledon; Witley. Pop. 5952 Choi, o;

Diarr, 4, — All children.

42; 2. ; Cranley. Pop. 6859, Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — One of these deaths from diarrhoea was
that of a hawker, after an attack of only 24 hours’
duration, at Wonersh, September 5th.

43; 1. Dorking; Capel. Pop, 3972, — Choi. 2;
Diarr. 4. — One case of cholera occurred in Capel,
February 1st, a child of the relieving officer, after 24
hours’ attack; and the other at Wotton, a railway
labourer, July 19th.

43 ; 2. Dorking. Pop. 7006, Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — Both deaths from cholera took place in
Dorking, June 25th and July 1st, labourers.

44; 1. Reigate ; Reigate. Pop. 8094. — Choi, 6;
Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera, July 18th, in
the workhouse, a labourer, attacked 12 hours
(inquest). In August, 3 fatal cases occurred in
Reigate Foreign, and one in Headley. Last case,
September 13th, in Reigate borough, a labourer, after
2 days’ illness.

44; 2, Horley. Pop. 6234. — Choi. 2; Diarr. 2,

The deaths from cholera occurred at Horley, on
July 31st, in a farmer; and at Chartwood, on
August 2nd, in a labourer.

45; 1, Godstone; Godstone. Pop, 11459.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 1. — 3 cases of cholera (inquests) in
the Union workhouse, Blef.chinglj', on July 21st, 23rd,
and August 1st. The other two took place at
Bletchingly, on August 26th, and at Chelsham 3 days
later.

46 ; 1. Croydon ; Croydon. Pop. 18867. — Choi. 66 ;
Diarr. 37. — The epidemic appeared in this sub-district
in July, but did not prevail to any serious extent until
the last week in August, from which time to the
middle of September it was exceedingly fatal. The
first case of cholera occurred on July 13th, in the
Waterman’s Asylum, Penge. In Barrack Field, 13
persons died ; on Croydon Common 11 ; and 17 in
the Union workhouse. 7 deaths took place on one
day, August 27th. At Pitlake 4 persons in one
family (the wife and 3 children of a sawyer), and a
painter and his wife, died from cholera. Last case, on
October 10th, in Church-street Croydon. The Re-
gistrar stated, in his return for the quarter ending
September 30th, that the part of the sub-district situ-
ated in the immediate vicinity of the gas-works has
been entirely free from the epidemic.

46; 2. ; Mitcham. Pop. 8853. — Choi. 28;

Diarr. 6.— A death from cholera occurred in Mordon
parish, on June i8lh, acalico-printer, aged 68. Second
case on July 16th, a tailor’s wife, after an attack of 9
hours. In August, 3 cases were recorded in the
Causeway, Mitcham, one at Wallington, and one at
Rush in Merton parish. In the latter place cholera
proved fatal to 12 persons in September; 3 persons
died at Common-side. Last case, on October 3rd, in
Swaine’s Lane, Mitcham.

47 ; 1, Kingston ; Wimbledon. Pop. 2630.-

Choi. 4; Diarr. 2. — The deaths from cholera in this
sub-district (which is conterminous with Wimbledon
parish) occurred as follows : — on July 27th, a female
aged 47, after 12 hours’ illness; August 17th, a gar-
dener, 33, attacked about 12 hours; August 30th, an
ostler, 70, and his wife, 72, died on the following day.

47; 2.- ; Kingston. Pop. 9992. Choi. 22;

Diarr. 18. — Two deaths from cholera occurred in
January at the Union workhouse, labourer’s children,
aged 8, and 10 years, both after attacks of about 16

hours’ duration. The second visitation of the epi-
demic commenced in July. Several cases occurred
in Kingston : and at Canbury cholera proved fatal to
7 persons within a few days. Four more deaths took
place in the workhouse. Last case, September nth,
a fisherman, in Back Lane.

47; 3. Kingston; Esher. Pop. 5443. — Choi. 4 ;
Diarr, 5. — Cholera appeared in this sub-district as
well as in the last at the beginning of the year, a
labourer, aged 74, having died after 24 hours’ illness
at Thames Ditton, January 30th. The subsequent
cases occurred at Esher, August 31, a gardener’s
wife aged 47 ; at Thames Ditton, September 2nd, a
labourer’s wife ; and at Long Ditton on the same
day, a female, aged 26, attacked only 5 hours.

47; 4. ; Hampton. Pop. 5910. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 1. — Both cases of cholera occurred in Hamp-
ton parish, September 16th, a labourer’s wife, aged
33, after an attack of 48 hours’ duration, and Sep-
tember 26tb, a shoemaker, aged 86, attacked 19 hours.

48; 1. Richmond; Richmond. Pop. 9319.

Choi. 26 ; Diarr. 9. — Cholera first proved fatal in
this sub-district on July 18th, to a merchant, aged
43," on Richmond-hill ; 2 other cases were recorded
in the same month, 13 in August, and 11 in Sep-
tember. Water-lane furnished 5 cases, and the
workhouse one. A waterman died from cholera in a
harge on the river Thames.

48; 2. ; Mortlalie. Pop. 4239. Choi. 22;

Diarr. 4, — The epidemic appeared in this sub-dis-
trict nearly at the same time as in Richmond. A
death from cholera (the first) occurred July 15th in
Princes-court, Mortlake (a labourer’s widow, aged
70); and a second at Barnes, 12 days later. I11
August 16 persons died (including a carpenter and
his 3 children in Sheen-lane), and 4 in September.
The deaths from diarrhoea were those of infants.
The Registrar remarks in his return for the quarter
ending September 30th, “ The deaths are more than
treble the average, there being more than 20 from
Asiatic cholera ; these cases have arisen principally
from defective drainage, deficient ventilation, over-
crowded habitations, and intemperance.”

2. KENT (Part of).

49 ; 1. Bromley ; Bromley. Pop. 9401. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. 4. — 2 case3 of cholera terminated fatally at
Bromley on the same day, August 5th, viz., a
labourer, aged 30, and a gardener, aged 52. The
other case, also that of a labourer, occurred at Keston,
August 26th.

49 ; 2. ; Chislehurst. Pop. 6676. — Choi. 7 ;

Diarr. 9. — A fatal case of cholera occurred at Chels-
field, February 1st, a farmer, aged 72. A second
case was recorded in June, a baker’s widow, after
18 hours’ illness, at Chislehurst. In August a death
from cholera took place in the workhouse, Farn-
borough, and a second in September. St. Paul’s Cray,
St. Mary Cray, North Cray, and Foot’s Cray, each
furnished one case. Of the 9 deaths from diarrhoea, 7
were those of children.

50 ; i. Dartford; Bexley. Pop. 9000.

Choi. 46; Diarr. 12. — A case described as cholera
terminated fatally in Bexley, January 14th, but the
disease did not become prevalent in the sub-district
until the end of June, when a seaman, aged 43, died
from cholera at Eritli, alter an attack of 12 hours.
Another seaman and a waterman’s wife died at Eritli
in July. Cholera prevailed in Crayford from the
end of July to the second week of September, and
proved fatal to 35 persons in that parish. At Bexley
3 cases were recorded, and at Eritli 6 of diarrhoea and
7 of cholera.

Q

226

Notes on Cholera

50; 2. Dartford; Dartford. Pop. 1105 9. —
Choi. 58 ; Diarr. 3. — The epidemic became fatal in
this sub-district July nth, when a baker’s wife died at
30 Hall’s-place, Waterside, after being attacked 8
hours. An engineer, attacked 6 hours, died on the
following day in Water-lane. Cholera continued
prevalent until October 26th; 17 deaths took place in
the Union workhouse, 20 at Waterside, 3 at Greenhithe,
and 2 on board vessels lying in the Thames off the
latter place. At Dartford 6 persons died in one
family, viz., a labourer, his wife, and 4 children.

50; 3. ; Farningham. Pop. 5307.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. 4. — The first cases of cholera in this
sub-district occurred in Farningham, July 18th, 19th,
and 20th, labourers’ children. No others were recorded
until the middle of August, when 2 deaths took place
in Eynsford. 5 persons subsequently died at Horton,
2 at Eynsford, and one at Hartley.

51; r. Gravesend; Gravesend. Pop. 15670. —
Choi. 196 ; Diarr. 38. — The death of a Custom-house
officer, from Asiatic cholera, on board the revenue
schooner stationed off Milton, was registered at the end
of March. No other case was recorded until June,
when another Custom-house officer died at 5 Terrace-
street, on the 15th, and on the 29th a hardwareman,
aged 26. The Registrar states, in reference to these
cases, “ neither originated in the town ; the officer
was attacked on board a vessel near London Bridge,
and the other in London, after partaking of a crab for
supper ; the latter came to Gravesend with diarrhoea.”
Cholera prevailed in the district throughout July,
August, and September. In the month of August it
was most fatal; the deaths from the 9th and 27th of
that month (47 days) numbered no less than 84 from
cholera and 6 from diarrhoea. The last case of cholera
occurred October 31st, in John’s-court. 26 persons
died on board vessels lying off Gravesend ; 34 in the
workhouses ; 9 in Passengers-court ; and 8 in Kemp-
thorne-slreet, including 4 in one house, No. 14. The
Registrar, in his return for the quarter ending September
30th, remarks : — “ The mortality for the last 3 months
has been unprecedented in modern experience. Cholera
has prevailed in the same and similar localities as those
that were severely visited with fever in the September
quarter of last year. There are no available common
sewers, and the sanitary state of the town must be
inevitably bad; the whole of the surface and under-
ground drainage falls into rudely constructed cess-
pools.”

52; r. North Ayeesford ; Nortlifleet. Pop. 7210.
— Choi. 32 ; Diarr. 12. — The first death from cholera
recorded in this sub-district took place July 9th, on
board a vessel off Nortbfieet — a mariner attacked 5
hours. Second case, July 1 8th, a fisherman at North-
fleet, where 29 persons subsequently died from the
epidemic. A few cases were recorded in other parishes
of the sub-district, viz., Chalk, Shorne, and Cobham.
The last case was that of a shipwright's daughter at
Northfleet, October 14th.

52 ; 2. ; Strood. Pop. 7466. — Choi. 41;

Diarr. 4. — A death from cholera, the first recorded in
the North Aylesford district, took place June 20th,
in High-street, Strood — a shoemaker’s widow, aged 65.
No other cases occurred until July 22nd, when a
labourer’s widow and son died at Clitfe, in which parish
9 deaths were subsequently registered. 7 persons died
from cholera in the Union workhouse, 6 in High-street,
and 4 in Church-street, Strood. Last case September
1 ith, on Strood-hill.

53 ; 1. IIoo ; Hoo. Pop.2794. — Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 3.
A female, described as a “ harvester,” died from
cholera at Hoo, July 28th, after an attack of 13 hours.
The epidemic was not again fatal in the district until

September 6th, when a death took place at Stoke,
followed by 5 others (including 3 from diarrhoea) in
that parish, a second in Hoo, and one each in All-
hallows and St. Mary.

54; 1. Medway; Rochester. Pop. 14587.

Choi. 49 ; Diarr. 13. — 2 deaths from cholera (the first
in this sub-district) took place on July 30th, at Fort
Pitt, both soldiers’ wives. The epidemic was prevalent
during the whole of August, and, in a lesser degree, in
September. It was not fatal after October 3rd.
Amongst the deaths recorded were those of 6 persons
in Ordnance-place, 5 in part of High-street, and 5
soldiers at Fort Pitt.

54 ; 2. ; Gillingham. Pop. 23029.

Choi. 78 ; Diarr. 49. — A case of cholera was recorded
January 29th, — a shoemaker's daughter, aged 5, near
High-street, Chatham. The next case occurred June
1 6th, at Grange, — a fisherman's son (inquest). In
July after 8 deaths from diarrhoea, 2 from cholera were
recorded on the 28th and 30th in the Union workhouse.
During August and September 74 persons died from
cholera, and 26 from diarrhoea. 14 fatal cases took
place in the workhouse, 10 at Gad’s Hill, 10 in Jeflerys-
place, and 7 (marines) in Melville Hospital.

55; 1. Malling; Aylesford. Pop. 5576.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 2. — The first death from cholera in
the Malling district took place July 18th, at East
Mailing, in this sub-district — a labourer, aged 5 7,
after 48 hours’ illness. The other 4 cases occurred in
Aylesford, August nth (2), 12th, and September 6th —
all labourers.

55 ; 2. ; Fast Peckham. Pop. 7071.

Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 10. — After several fatal cases of
diarrhoea had been recorded, a death from cholera
took place in the workhouse, on August 7th, a black-
smith, aged 70, after 13 hours’ illness. The next
deaths occurred in West Mailing, Sept. 2nd and 7th ;
followed by one in West Peckham, a second in the
workhouse, and one (the last in the sub-district)
inEast Peckham, September 19th, a labourer’s widow',
aged 55.

55; 3. ; Wrotham. Pop. 5286. — Choi. 8;

Diarr. 6. — First death from cholera, July 24th,
in Wrotham, a labourer’s daughter. Five other
deaths in the same parish were recorded, one in
Ightham, and one (the last in the Mailing district,
October nth, a farmer, aged 56) in Trottersclifl'e.

56; 1. Sevenoaks ; Shoreham. Pop. 5176.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera
occurred at Otford, July 22nd, a farmer’s wife,
aged 57, after an attack of 20 hours; and at Shore-
ham, Aug. 14th, a labourer’s wife, aged 32, ill 17
hours.

56 ; 2. ; Sevenoaks. Pop. 9607. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr 4.- — The three deaths from cholera occurred as
follows : — at Sevenoaks, July 5 th, a draper’s widow,
aged 85 ; at the Union workhouse, July 30, a la-
bourer, 49 ; and at Riverhead, September 6th, a
labourer’s daughter, aged 6.

56; 3. ; Penshurst. Pop. 7426. — Choi. 0;

Diarr 1. — An infant.

57; 1. Tunbridge; Tunbridye Wells. Pop. 10768.
— Choi. 4; Diarr. 14. — The first death from cholera
recorded in this sub-district occurred August 13th, a
flyman, aged 41, attacked 12 hours; second case,
September 3rd, a labourer’s widow, aged 75 — both in
Tunbridge parish. The other two deaths were
those of a schoolmaster and his wife at South-
borough, September 20th and 22nd ; of the latter cases
the Registrar, in his reportfor the quarter ending Sep-
tember 30th, remarks, “ These persons had returned
from Dover only 2 days before the}' were attacked,
and slept in their house, which stands under tree*

227

in the County of Kent.

in a damp situation : the house had been closed for
a fortnight.”

In a former return, the Registrar states “Sanitary
arrangements have been strictly attended to since
the passing of the Nuisance Removal Act, and the
dwellings of the poor much improved by proper
drainage, &c.”

57; 2. Tunbridge; Tunbridge. Pop. 8266. —
Choi. 15 ; Diarr. 7. — A case of cholera terminated
fatally in Tunbridge, August 14th, a bargeman, aged
38, after 6 hours’ illness. On August 26th, two deaths
occurred, and from September 1st to 16th, 7 other
persons died in Tunbridge, 3 in Iladlow, and 2 in
Capel parish,

57; 3. ; j Brenchley. Pop. 4783. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o. — The Registrar remarks in his return for
the quarter ending September, “ The deaths are much
below the average of the last twelvemonth, in con-
sequence of the disappearance of the several epide-
mics, and I believe also in consequence of the
employment in the open air of a large portion of the
population in hop-picking.”

58; 1. Maidstone; Yalding. Pop. 4204.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 5. — First death from cholera, on
September 8th, at Y aiding, a labourer's wife, aged 50 ;
second case, in the same parish, two days later. A
third occurred in Yalding, September 15th, and on
the same day the epidemic proved fatal in Teston
and Nettlestead parishes to two labourers.

58; 2. ■; Marden. Pop. 4629. — Choi. 11 ;

Diarr. 5. — Three persons died from cholera in
Marden parish, the first on August 9th, a labourer,
aged 49. The other cases occurred in the Union
workhouse, Linton, the last being that of a female,
aged 82, Sept. 22nd.

58; 3. ; Loose. Pop. 5453. — Choi. 44;

Diarr. 6. — A case of cholera was recorded at East
Farleigh, August 5th, a labourer aged 74, attacked
30 hours ; the next case occurred at Banning, Sept.
7th. Eight days later the epidemic broke out with
much virulence amongst the hop-pickers at East
Farleigh, and was subsequently confined to that
parish. It proved fatalto 3 persons there on Septem-
ber 15th, to no lessthan 11 011 the 1 6th, to 6 011 the
17th, and to 16 in the following 5 days. The last case
occurred Sept. 30th. The Registrar states that the
mortality from cholera in the sub-district was, “with
two or three exceptions, confined to the vagrants,
chiefly Irish, who came into the parish of East
Farleigh to obtain employment ill picking hops.’’

58; 4. ; West Maidstone. Pop. 8817.

— Choi. 26 ; Diarr. 26. — The first death from
cholera in this sub-district took place July 5th, in
Market-buildings, a pipemaker, aged 31, after
lohours’ illness {inquest). The next cases recorded
were on July 25th, and two following days. None
occurred from August 3rd to 12th, but in the
6 days following 10 persons died. Last cases, 2
females in the hospital, Mill-street, September 28th,
diarrhoea prevailed during the same period, chiefly
amongst children. Six persons died from cholera
in Bristow’s-yard, Upper Stone-street.

58; 5. ; East Maidstone. Pop. 9207. —

Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 14. — A case of cholera, the first
recorded in the Maidstone district, occurred in
Astley-street, July 2nd, a female, aged 32, after
6 hours’ illness. No other case until August 2nd,
when a gentleman, aged 72, died at Albion-place.
Six deaths occurred in August, 6 in Jeptember, and
2 (the daughters of a brazier, in Stone-street)
October 3rd and 8th — of the 14 deaths from
diarrhoea, 10 took place in September.

59; 1. Hollingbourn; Hollingbourn. Pop.

4666. — Choi, o; Diarr. 6. — Two females, aged
86 and 73, and 4 children under one year. Three
cases in the Union workhouse.

59; 2. Hollingbourn; Lenham. Pop. 3932. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 3. — Children under one year. Scar-
let-fever and measles prevailed in the quarter ending
September 30th.

59; 3. ; Headcorn. Pop. 5221. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 4. — Cholera was fatal in Headcorn parish,
August 22nd, (a farmer, aged 66, after 12 hours’
attack) on September 4th (2 cases), and September
5th ; in Sutton-Valence, where the second case in the
subdistrict occurred, August 31 ; and in Chart-next-
Sutton- Valence, September 23rd and 27th (2 cases),
October 3rd and 5th. The 4 cases of diarrhoea
occured in September.

60; 1. Cranbrook; Cranbrook. Pop. 6394.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4. — Two of these cases occurred
at the Union workhouse in January, females, aged
67 and 7, ill 6 and 7 days respectively.

60; 2. ; Hawkhurst. Pop. 6769. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4. — All in Goudhurst parish ; ages 4, 86
(an agricultural labourer, “ diarrhoea and want of pro-
per nourishment”), 47, and 45.

61; 1. Tenterden; Rolvenden. Pop. 4526.

Choi, o; Diarr. 4. — One case of diarrhoea in Rol-
venden, that of a farmer’s daughter, aged 3, was
fatal after an attack of only 19 hours’ duration,
September 15 th

61; 2. — — Tenterden. Pop. 6473. — Choi. 2;
Diarr. 8. — Both cases of cholera occurred in Wood-
church, viz., a female servant, aged 18, May 17th;
and a soldier’s widow, 49, May 21st, both attacked
about 24 hours. Three cases of diarrhoea in the
Union workhouse, Tenterden, and 3 in other parts
of that parish.

62; 1. West Ashford; Calehill. Pop. 545 5.- —
Choi. 9; Diarr. 4.— The whole of the deaths from
cholera, with one exception, took place in the Union
workhouse, VVestwell, between August 13th and
September 1st ; 5 were labourers, and the others
females, aged 10, ir, 12. The excepted case
occurred in Smarden parish, August 25th, a
hawker’s wife, aged 26.

62; 2. ; Ashford. Pop. 3874. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr 4. — The case of cholera occurred September
4th, in Marsh-lane, Ashford, a brewer’s widow,
aged 49, attacked 14 hours.

63 ; 1. East Ashford ; Aldington. Pop.

2489. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1.— The first case of cholera
(upon which an inquest was held) occurred in Iluck-
inge parish, January 26th, a female, aged 30; the
other case was that of an infant, in Orlestone parish,
September 15 th.

63; 2. ; Brabourne. Pop. 3074. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera occurred April 17 th,
at Bircholt, a labourer’s child, at Brabourne May
1st, also a child; and in the workhouse, Wills-
borough, xYugust 15th, a sailor, attacked 16 hours.

63; 3. ■; Wye. Pop. 5967. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 6.

— The case of cholera occurred at Chilham,
September 9th, a labourer’s wife, aged 35 (inquest)-,
the deaths from diatrhcea, with one exception, took
place in the same parish.

64; 1. Bridge; Chartham. Pop. 4850. — CI10I. 4;
Diarr. 2.— The whole of these cases occurred in
Westgate Without. First case of cholera, July
17th. a tailor, aged 47 ; followed by the deaths of
2 children of a labourer, July 19th ; last case, July
23rd. Inquests were held on the 4 cases of cholera.

64; 2. ; Barham. Pop. 6131. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 7. — The case of cholera occurred at Womens-
wold, April 25th, and terminated fatally in 30 hours.

Q 2

Notes on Cholera

228

The Registrar states that the deceased person, a
labourer, aged 36, lived in the highest situation in
the sub-district, near Barham-downs. Three cases
of diarrhoea (aged persons) in the Union workhouse,
Bridge, on September 15th and 17th, were recorded.

65 ; 1. Canterbury; Canterbury . Pop. 15003. —

Choi, 37; Diarr. 13. — The first case of cholera
recorded in Canterbury occurred July 20th, in St.
Mildred parish, a labourer, aged 61 ( inquest ). On

the following day a bricklayer’s son died, and two
persons on the 26th: of six cases in August, 2
occurred in the workhouse, and 2 in Ruttington-
street, where 3 persons died from diarrhoea. In
September, a bricklayer, and 4 children of a cork-
cutter, died from cholera in White-horse-lane. The
epidemic appeared in Burgate-lane, in the first week
of October, and proved fatal to 6 persons there,
viz., a bricklayer (inquest), his wife and 2 children,
a nurse, and another person on the 3rd and 4th.
LasC case, October 14th, in the workhouse, a single
woman, aged 40.

66 ; 1. Blean; Sturry. Pop. 5879. — Choi. 8;
Diarr. 4. — Two deaths from cholera, the first in
the sub-district, occurred on July 25, labourers, aged
48 and 63 (inquests), in St. Stephens. Two other
persons died in the same parish, August 19th and
September 21st. In Blean, 2 cases were recorded;
in Staplegate, one; and in Archbishop’s-palace, one.

66; 2- : Herne . Pop. 4424. — Choi. 13;

Diarr. 2, — A death from cholera took place July
9th, in the Union workhouse, Heme; a mariner,
aged 40 (inquest). No other cases until September
13th, when a fisherman died at Herne Bay. Seven
other deaths from cholera, and 2 from diarrhoea,
took place at Herne Bay ; 3 in other parts of Herne
parish, and one at Upstreet, Chislett. Four cases
were investigated by coroner’s inquest.

66 ; 3. ; Whitstable. Pop. 3484.'

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — Two cases of cholera occurred
at Whitstable, viz., a mariner’s wife, aged 26, Aug.
6th; and a carrier, aged 32, Aug. 12th (inquests).
The diarrhoea cases were recorded in September,
ages 16, 3, and one years.

67; 1. Faversham; Houghton. Pop. 4869.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera oc-
curred at Boughton, Sept. 21st, a hosier from
London, aged 30 ; the second at Felling, Oct. 1st,
a child, aged 19 months. There were three deaths
of children from diarrhcea in the Ashford Road,
Sheldwich.

67; 2. ; Faversham. Pop. 6960. — Choi. 9 ;

Diarr. 7. — The first death from cholera in this sub-
district took place July 23rd, in the Ospringe-road,
a cutler's wife, aged 28 ; the next, in the workhouse,
three days later ; followed by 4 in Tanner-street, 2
on July the 3rst. The other cases occurred in Da-
vington, August 8th; in Abbey-street, a mariner, Sep-
tember 10th ; and in Tanner-street, a brickmaker,
October 8th. Five cases of diarrhoea in September.

67 ; 3. ; Teynham. Pop. 4085. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 1. — A mariner died from cholera in Teyn-
ham parish, June 7th, after 16 hours’ illness. The
second case occurred in Eastling, July 22nd, a la-
bourer, aged 25 ; and the remaining three in Dod-
dington, viz., two children of labourers on August
14th ; and a labourer’s daughter 2 days later.

68; 1. Milton; Milton. Pop. 11492. — Choi. 68;
Diarr. 16. — Cholera broke out in the parish of
Rainham in this district at the end of May, and
proved fatal to 9 persons there, the first deaths being
those of a widow aged 61, attacked 24 hours, and a
child aged 4, ill 8 hours. No case was recorded
in Rainham after June ;th. The next deaths from

cholera were at Sittingbourne, July 3rd (a barge-
man’s wife) and 5th. The first case at Milton oc-
curred in the Union workhouse, July 7th, a labour-
er's wife, aged 72. From this time the epidemic
became very fatal in the district, more especially at
Milton and in the workhouse, in which institution
17 person died in July (including 3 ou the 14th and
4 on the next day) and 4 in August. The disease
was at its height between July 10th and 20th; 32
deaths took place in the 1 1 days. Last case,
September 20th, in Milton, a dredgerman, aged 70,
ill 48 hours.

69 ; 1. Sheppey ; Minster. Pop. 9318.

Choi. 53; Diarr. 17. — The first death from cholera
in this sub-district took place July 24th, in the
Union workhouse, Minster, a labourer, aged 24,
after an attack of 24 hours’ duration. Second case,
July 30th, a rigger in Spring Garden-passage, Mile
Town, Sheerness. After an interval of 6 days the
epidemic became very fatal, both in Blue Town
and Mile Town, Sheerness, and prevailed during
August and part of September. The last case oc-
curred September 23rd in King's Head-alley, Blue
Town, a mariner. Seven persons died in High-
street and 6 in King-street, Blue Town ; S in High-
street, Mile Town. Diarrhcea was fatal chiefly
amongst children under 2 years of age.

69; 2. ; Eastchurch. Pop. 1540. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Eastchurch, July
22nd, a labourer, aged 23 (inquest).

70; 1. Thanet; Minster. Pop. 3835.

Choi. 17 ; Diarr. 2. — First case of cholera at Sane,
July 23rd, a female servant. The whole of the subse-
quent cases occurred in the Union workhouse, Minster,
where the first person to whom the epidemic proved
fatal was a nurse, aged 64, on July 27th. On each
of the three days following a case occurred, and on
July 31st, 4 paupers died. Last case, September 1st,
a blacksmith, aged 24.

70 ; 2. ; Margate. Pop. 11050. — Choi. 113 ;

Diarr. 19. — Four deaths from cholera occurred in
January at the Chateau Bclle-vue or the “Wilder-
ness,” an institution for farmed paupers ; first case,
January 8th, a pauper from Newington, after an
attack of 11 hours; 2 paupers from Greenwich died
on the nth, and another on the 23rd. The sub-
sequent visitation of the epidemic commenced July
19th with the death of a mariner after an attack of
13 hours’ duration, the disease having been taken,
according to the certificate of the medical attendant,
“ in London, on the River Thames.” Another
mariner died July 2rst at No. 7 King-street, in
which house a second case occurred 5 days later.
No other deaths from cholera were recorded until
August 5th, when a mariner died in Pump-lane.
From August 13th (on which day 4 persons died)
to Sept 14th, 83 deaths from the epidemic took
place. The parts of Margate in which the chief
mortality occurred were: — High-street, 16 deaths ;
King-street, 9 (3 in one house, No. 7); Lansells-
place, 7 (4 in No. 8) ; in the Sea-bathing Infirmary,
9; Kidman’s-row, 5 ; Dixon's-yard, 5. A gentleman
and his wife died at 18 Upper Marine-terrace, August
13th. Last case, October 6th, in Prospect-place.

The Registrar in his return for the quarter ending
September 30th, remarks : — “ The increase in deaths
is very great, and fully two-thirds more than usual,
arising from cholera. The number of sick visitors
and others frequenting the place this summer has been
unusually large, and to this circumstance must the
excess of mortality from the epidemic to a great ex-
tent be due.”

70 ; 3. ; Bamsgate. Pop. 16581. — Choi. 73 ;

229

in the Counties of Kent and Sussex.

Diarr. 36. — The first case of cholera which termi-
nated fatally in Ramsgate occurred July 14th, at
the “ Admiral Napier ” beer-shop, a plumber’s son,
aged 10. Five days later the second death took
place in Camden-square, a victualler, after an attack
of 8 hours’ duration. The next two cases occurred
at Camden House, July 21st, The epidemic be-
came more fatal after the first week in August, and
was at its height about the same time as in Margate,
but the mortality from cholera was less. Diar-
rhoeaj broke out with great virulence in certain
parts of Ramsgate ; on August 9th and 10th, no
less than 6 children died from it in Portland-
court (3 in one house No. 10), and two in Portland-
place. Cholera was subsequently very fatal in both
of these places, 7 deaths having occurred in Portland-
court (one at No. 10), and 3 in Portland-place.
The following localities also suffered from the epi-
demic : — Brunswick-place, 8 deaths (3 at No. 11);
Salem-place, 6 (3 at No. 3) ; Little Addington, 6.
Five persons died at Broadstairs, including a cooper,
his wife, and child, in Harbour-street. The last case
at Ramsgate was that of a carrier at Albert Cottage,
King-street, October 11 th, his wife and child had
died a few days before.

71; I. Eastry ; Sandwich. Pop. 8749.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 12. — Two deaths from cholera
(those of a labourer, aged 63, and a labourer’s wife,
aged 26) occurred in January at the Union work-
house, Eastry ; a third in the Richborough-road,
Woodnesborough, June 7th ; and the remaining
case in Strand-street, Sandwich, September 29th,
a gardener, aged 66. The cases of diarrhoea were,
with two exceptions, those of persons in middle and
advanced life.

71; 2. ; Wingliam. Pop. 3005. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — Infants under one year.

71; 3. ; Eythorn. Pop. 2099. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

71; 4. ; Deal. Pop. 10068. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 10. — Of the three fatal cases of cholera at
Deal, 2 occurred in Ark-lane, the first on July 24th,
a seaman’s wife, aged 24, ill 20 hours, and the other
a male, aged 30, September 4th ; and one at No. 14
Beach-street, a seaman, aged 22. The deaths from
diarrhoea took place chiefly in the autumnal months,

6 were those of children under 5 years.

72 ; 1. Dover ; St. James. Pop. 8626.

Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 9. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district, August 3rd, on which day two deaths
took place in Colbran-street, Charlton, viz., a widow,
aged 72, and a labourer's son, aged n, after attacks
of 12 and 16 hours’ duration. The next case oc-
curred August 8th, on board a vessel, viz., a master
mariner who was ill 10 hours ; two other cases
were recorded in August, in Peter-street, and High-
street Charlton. In the first week of September, 5
deaths took place at Commercial Quay, including
those of 4 children of a police constable ; subse-
quently, the epidemic was chiefly fatal in Paper-
alley, Charlton, where 11 persons died in a few days,
more than one death in a family having occurred in
three instances. Last case, October 9th.

72 ; 2. ; St. Mary. Pop. 10159.— Choi. 48 ;

Diarr. 11. The epidemic broke out in this sub-
district at the end of July. The first cases were 4 in one
family, that of a stone-mason, between July 31st
and August 4th in Stroud-lane, the average duration
of the attacks being less than 10 hours. A mariner
died in the harbour August 5th ; no other case for

7 days. During the last 10 days of August, how-
ever, and in September, the epidemic proved fatal
to 41 persons. The localities chiefly affected were :

Seven-Star-street,' 8 deaths ; Beach-street, 7 ; Mid-
dle-row, 7 ; Spring-place, 5. Last case, October 8th,
in Hawkesbury-street, a labourer's wife.

72; 3. Dover; Hougham. Pop. 5738. — Choi. 23 ;
Diarr. 10. — Cholera was not fatal in this sub-dis-
trict until several days after cases had been recorded
in St. James and St. Mary sub-districts. First case
August 13th, in Hougham, a baker, aged 49 ; a se-
cond case occurred in the same parish, August 24th.
A few days later the epidemic broke out in the Mili-
tary Barracks, Western Heights, and proved fatal to
a Lieutenant, R.A., an army surgeon, and 6 soldiers,
a mortality the more remarkable as no deaths were
recorded in the barracks at Dover Castle, on the
opposite heights. Twelve persons died from cho-
lera in Bueklaiul parish. Last case, a female, aged
70, October 13th. Four deaths from diarrhoea in the
Union workhouse.

73; 1. Elham; Folkestone. Pop. 5737.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 5. — The case of cholera, the only
one recorded in the Elham district, comprising the
towns of Folkestone and Hythe, with 19 parishes,
occurred August 26th, at No. 8 Grove-terrace, a
painter, aged 19. It is stated that this person had
been suffering from diarrhoea for a week, but had
totally neglected it ; the case terminated fatally 18
hours after it had assumed a choleraic form. Of the
diarrhoea cases, two were those of infants. About
500 convicts were located in the parish of Cheriton
in this sub-district.

73 ; 2. ; Elham. Pop. 3995. — Choi o ;

Diarr. 3. — Two deaths from diarrhoea in the Union
workhouse (adults) and one, an infant, at Lyminge.

73 ; 3. ; Hythe. Pop. 4930.— Choi, o ;

Diarr. 7. Of these cases, 5 were children under
3 years of age.

74 ; 1. Romney Marsh ; New Jlomney. Pop.
2587. — Choi, r; Diarr. 3. — The death from cholera,
the only case reported in this extensive marshy dis-
trict, comprising 19 parishes, occurred at New
Romney, September 6th, a labourer’s daughter, aged
15, after an attack of 24 hours’ duration,

74; 2. ; Lydd. Pop. 2613. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

3. SUSSEX.

75; 1. Rye; Eye. Pop. 6049. Choi. 7.

Diarr. 2. — The whole of these deaths took place at
Rye. The first fatal case of cholera was recorded
in August, a labourer’s wife, aged 52; the second,
Sept. 12th, a mendicant female, aged 35. The other
5 cases also occurred in Sept., the last on the 27th,
viz., a carrier’s daughter, aged 30, whose mother,
aged 61, and brother, aged 21, had died from cholera
a few days before.

75; 2. ; Beckley. Pop. 5743. Choi. 1;

Diarr. 4. — The fatal case of cholera which occurred
at Brede, Sept. 16th, was that of an Irish woman
engaged at hop-picking.

76; 1. Hastings; Ore. Pop. 3047.—Chol. 2;
Diarr. ir. — The whole of these deaths took place in
the Union workhouse, Ore ; cholera proved fatal to
a railway labourer, aged 26, on September 21st, and
to a boy. aged 13, the son of a traveller, October 9th.
Of the 11 cases of diarrhoea 8 were those of chil-
dren under 2 years.

76 ; 2. ; All Saints. Pop. 6028. — Choi. 26 ;

Diarr. 9. — After 3 deaths from diarrhoea (attacks
of short duration) in July a fatal case of cholera
occurred on the 26th, in the tap-room of a beer-
shop : a fisherman’s widow, aged 45, after 13 hours’
illness (inquest). On July 29th, a case terminated
fatally, in Britt’s-lane, after 11 hours’ attack, a

230

Notes on Cholera

labourer’s wife aged 37 ; and on the following day
a railway labourer died in Lavender’s House.

8 cases were recorded in August, 12 in September,
and 5 in October, the last being that of a fisher-
man’s child, on the 9th, at Meadow’s Cottages.

76 ; 3. Hastings ; St. Mary in the Castle.
Pop. 5761 ; Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 8. — The first fatal case of
cholera occurred July 8th, at Undercliff, St. Mary's,
a single woman, after 8 hours’ attack, preceded by
diarrhoea 6 hours. The next case, that of a ‘‘ navvie,”
aged 25, occurred July 29th, near the Roman
Catholic Grounds, a part of the sub-district in
which several other deaths took place. Cholera
proved fatal to 7 persons in August. 11 in Septem-
ber, and 3 in October; amongst its victims were
6 railway labourers.

77; 1. Battle; Bexhill. Pop. 4083. — Choi. 2;
Diarr. 1. — Both cases of cholera occurred at West-
field : the former on August 7th, a railway labourer,
aged 42 ( inquest ) ; and the latter on September 8th,
a labourer, aged 50, after 20 hours’ illness.

77; 2. ; Ewhurst. Pop. 2717.' — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.— An infant, aged 10 months.

77; 3. Battle. Pop. 5236. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3. — The death from cholera took place at
Battle, September 8th, a butcher’s widow, aged 58,
after 2 days’ illness.

78; 1. Eastbourne; Westham. Pop. 2555.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o. *

78; 2. ; Eastbourne. Pop. 539;. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — Both cases of cholera occurred at East-
bourne, the first on September 2nd, a labourer’s
wife, aged 59, after 15 hours’ attack, and the other
5 days’ later, a female, aged 8, attacked 20 hours.

79; 1. Hailsiiam ; Hailsham. Pop. 5761.

Cholera 3 ; Diarr. o. — A travelling tinker, aged 60,
died from cholera, at Herstmonceux, September 8th,
and his wife 2 days after. The third case was
that of a schoolmistress, at Hailsham, Septem-
ber 20th.

79; 2. ; Hellingly. Pop. 6672. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 7. — Three children and 4 adults.

80; 1. Ticehcrst; Ticehurst. Pop. 45 5 8.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 8. — The case of cholera which ter-
minated fatally, after 3 days’ illness, was recorded in
February, a child aged 4. Three deaths from
diarrhoea occurred in the Union w'orkhouse.

80; 2. ; Salehurst. Pop. 3296. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

80 ; 3. ; Wadhurst. Pop. 4063. — Choi. 7 ;

Diarr. 7. — With one exception, the deaths from
cholera took place in Wadhurst parish. The first
case was that of a blacksmith, aged 30, 14 hours
after being attacked, August 31st; followed by
those of 4 railway labourers.

8054. ; Frant. Pop. 2280. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera in this sub-district,
which is co-extensive with the parish of Frant, were
those of railway labourers, two of whom died, Sep-
tember 15 th (one from starvation and cholera), and
the other on the following day. Of these cases the
Registrar says : two were those of railway labourers
wandering in a state of destitution ; the other from
neglected diarrhoea.

81 : 1. Uckfield ; Rotlierjield. Pop. 5979.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 5. — Two cases of cholera proved
fatal at. Rotherfield, viz., on July 9th, a labourer's
daughter, aged 7 (inquest), and another child two
days after. The third case occurred at Mayfield,
October 12th, a labourer, aged 46, after 48 hours’
illness. One of the deaths returned as diarrhoea
was from “ exhaustion, caused by excessive purging
and vomiting, 18 hours” (inquest).

8r ; 2. Uckfield; Framfield. Pop. 3106. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1. — An infant.

8 r ; 3. ; Isfield, Pop. 2289. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — Persons aged 87 and 33.

8r ; 4. ; Maresjield. Pop. 5067. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1. — A female aged 69.

82; 1. East Grinstead ; Withyham. Pop. 3210;
Choi, r ; Diarr. 3. — The case of cholera occurred at
Withyham, August 23rd, a painter’s wife, aged 45
(inquest).

82; 2. ; East (Grinstead. Pop. 5452.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

82 ; 3. ; Worth. Pop. 3967. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1. — An infant.

83; 1. Cuckfiei.d; Lindfield. Pop. 5035.

Choi. 2; Diarr. 1. — Both deaths from cholera took
place at Linfield, that of a shoemaker, aged 39, on
September nth, after an attack of 12 hours’ duration ;
and a labourer’s wife, 57, three days later.

83; 2. -; Cuchjield. Pop. 6386. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3, — The case of cholera was that of a labourer,
aged 84, at Cowfold, December 4th.

83; 3, ; Hurstperpoint. — Pop. 5711.

Choi. 14 ; Diarr, 5. — The whole of the deaths from
cholera took place at Pyecombe (one of 7 parishes
forming the sub- district) where the epidemic broke
out with great malignancy in June. Its first victims
were three children, of labourers, on the 20th, and
a fourth on the 22nd. Four cases terminated
fatally on August 1st, and 2 on the following day ;
a shepherd died on the 6th, and his widow on the
loth. The recorded duration of attack was in some
instances remarkably short — 4, 5, and 6 hours — 7
hours being the average,

84; 1, Lewes; Ditchling. Pop. 3437. — Choi. 1 ;
Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera was that of a travel-
ler, aged 70, at Street, September 7th, about 10
hours after being attacked.

84; 2. ; Chailey. Pop. 4372. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

84: 3. ; Lewes. Pop. 9845. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr, 11, — The death from cholera in this sub-
district was that of a carpenter, aged 75, in
Spring-gardens, Southover, September 25th. Of
the 11 fatal cases of diarrhoea, 7 were those of infants,
and 4 of aged persons ; 8 occurred in September
and October.

84; 4. ; West Firle. Pop. 2529.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1. — A child, aged 8 months.

84; 5. ; Newhaven. Pop, 2238. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6. — Including 4 infants.

84; 6. ; Eoltingdean. Pop, 2395.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2. — Both infants.

85; 1. Brighton; Kemp Town. Pop, 9453.

Choi. 30 ; Diarr. 20. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district at the beginning of August ; some
weeks, however, after cases had been recorded in
the other sub-districts of Brighton. The first death
was that of a female, aged 40, at No. 30 Camel-
ford-street; the next a bricklayer, aged 91, August
16th. Five other cases were recorded in August,
and the rest in September, the last being on t lie 25 th.
Six persons died iu Lavender-street (2 at No. 28),

5 in Lodge-buildings, and 3 in Little James’-street.

85 ; 2. ; St. Feter. Pop. 20606. — Choi. 128 ;

Diarr. 38. — The epidemic broke out in this sub-
district about the middle of June, the first fatal case
of cholera being that of a tailor’s daughter, at Ko, 53
Bread-street, followed by two deaths in Vine
Cottages a few days after. From this period it
became extremely prevalent ; 14 cases terminated
fatally in July, 17 in August, 81 in September, and

6 in October. Its greatest intensity was from the

in the Counties of Sussex and Hants.

1st to the rgth of September; on the 7th 11 persons
died, and 8 on the following day. The last case, a
female aged 32, occurred in John-street, October 19th;
3 1 deaths took place in the workhouse, 7 in Woburn-
place (3 at one house, No. 108), 5 in Nottingham-
street (3 at No. 62), 5 in Albion-street, 4 in Nelson-
street (2 at No. 23), 2 at No. 27 New Dorset-street,
2 at No 87 Ed ward-street, &c. The Registrar
observes in reference to one of the early cases — that
of a fisherman, who died at the Brighton Hospital,
on the 28th of June — that the deceased was “from
Greenwich, and was taken ill about 12 miles off the
coast, being brought on shore in a moribund state.”

85; 3. Brighton; The Palace. Pop. 16602. —
ChoL 36 ; Diarr. 28. — The first death from cholera
in this sub-district took place June 26th, at No. 29
Artillery-street, a child, aged 5, after 31 hours’ illness.
The next case was that of a fisherman's daughter,
June 30th. The epidemic proved fatal to 10
persons in July, 10 in August, 12 in September,
and 2 in October, the last case being that of a
railway engineer, in King-street, October loth. In
Suffolk-place 5 persons died (3 at No. 31), 4 in
Little Russell-court, and others in Great and
Little Russell-street, Russell-square, Clarence-street,
West-street, &c.

86 ; 1. Steyning; Shoreltam. Pop. 8526 —

Choi. 22 ; Diarr. 9. — The master of a smack, aged
40, died from cholera in Shoreham Harbour, June
7th, after an attack of 7 hours’ duration. No other
case was recorded until August 17th, when a
labourer’s wife, aged 62, was fatally attacked in
New Shoreham. Several other deaths took place
there in August and September, including 4 in
Surrey-street, and 5 (including a mother and 3
children) in White Lion-street. Three persons died in
Southwick, one at Sompting, and one in the Union
workhouse.

86; 2. ; Steyning. Pop. 5827. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — Both cases occurred at Steyning — a
cabinetmaker’s wife, aged 50, after 14 hours’ attack,
September 1st, and a female servant, attacked 12
hours, September 7th.

87; r. Horsham; South Horsham. Pop. 4228. —
Cholera 2 ; Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera were
those of a carpenter, aged 67, after 20 hours’ illness,
August 3rd, and a labourer’s child, 11 months,
September 7th, both at West Grinstead.

87; 2. ; North Horsham. — Pop. 9172.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 7. — The first death from cholera was
that of a child, aged 2, after 14 hours’ attack, at
Bisbopriek, Horsham, August 16th ( inquest ) ; and the
other a labourer’s son, aged 9, in North-street,
Horsham, September 3rd.

83; r. Petworth; Billingsliursl. Pop. 4343.
Choi, c ; Diarr. o.

88; 2. ; Petworth. Pop. 5337. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o.

89 ; 1. Thakeham ; Pulhorough. Pop. 3651.
Choi. 4; ’Diarr. 2. — A case of cholera terminated
fatally after 7 hours’ attack at Hardham, August
28th, a miller’s wife, aged 55. The other cases
occurred at Pulborough in September, an ostler and
two children. Premonitory diarrhoea was recorded
in each case.

89; 2. ; Washington. Pop. 4114. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

90; 1. Worthing; Broadwater. Pop. 7069.

Choi. 1; Diarr. 4.— The case of cholera was that
of a wheelwright, aged 63, at West Tarring,
August 26th.

90; 2. ; Littlehampton. Pop. 6463.

Choi. 1; Diarr. 1.-— The case of cholera occurred

231

at Leominster, September 12th, a carpenter’s wife,
aged 54, after 24 hours’ illness.

90 ; 3. Worthing ; Arundel. Pop. 4036.— Choi. 6 ;
Diarr. 2. — The whole of these deaths took place in
Arundel, the other 7 parishes in the sub-district
having escaped the fatal effects of the epidemic.
The first case was that of a labourer's wife, aged 52,
after 12 hours’ attack, June 24th; the next that of
a woodman in Maltravers-street, 6 days afterwards.
Two cases (those of a brother and sister) occurred
in Ship-yard on July 6th, and on August 2nd a
hawker died in the same place.

91; 1. Westhampnett ; Manhood. Pop. 3519. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — -This case, which occurred at
Selsey, August 15th, was that of a labourer, aged 73.

91; 2. ; Wyke . Pop. 2820. — Choi, o; Diarr.

3. — All persons upwards of 70 years of age.

91; 3. ; Yapton. Pop. 2351. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

91; 4. ; Boxgrove. Pop. 3530. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 8. — With one exception, the whole of these
deaths occurred in the workhouse, Westhampnett.
The first case of cholera was that of a labourer, aged
67, in the workhouse, August 12th; the other a
blacksmith, aged 46, at Oving, August 17th.

91; 5. ; Singleton. Pop. 1937. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera occurred at Midlavant,
August 25th, a toll collector, aged 69.

92; 1. Chichester; Sutton. Pop. 3618.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

92; 2. ■; Chichester. Pop. 8512. — Choi. II;

Diarr. 27. — The first fatal case of cholera in
Chichester was that of a sailor’s wife, aged 26, at
the Pest House, July 21st, after 5 days’ illness. No
other case was recorded until August 6th, when a
labourer, aged 55, died in High-street, followed by
3 on one day, August 12. Five persons died from
cholera in September, and one in October in various
parts of the sub-district. Diarrhoea was fatal to
children and aged persons.

92; 3. •; South Bersted. Pop. 2490.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera occurred at
Bognor, July 9th, a labourer, aged 62 (inquest).

93; 1. Midhurst; Midhurst. Pop. 5696.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3. — Two children and a female,
aged 55 (at the workhouse).

93; 2. ; Fernhurst. Pop. 2859. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1. — An infant.

93; 3. ; Harting. Pop. 4770. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 5. — The case of cholera was that of a butcher,
aged 22, at Rogate, October 4th.

94; 1. Westbourne; Funtington. Pop. 3032. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 2. — Two children (brother and
sister), August 14th and 18th, at Funtington.

94; 2. ; Westbourne. Pop. 3637. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 5. — The first case of cholera was that of an
agricultural labourer, aged 66, on August 20th, at
Chickers-lane, Bosham, where his son had died
from “bowel complaint” two days before. The
other death took place at the Hermitage, Westbourne,
August 26th, a gentleman, aged 62. The Registrar
states, respecting these cases, that one was of English
and the other of malignant cholera.

4. HAMPSHIRE.

95; 1. Havant; Havant. Pop. 6643. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. 5. — The first case of cholera recorded in this
sub-district was that of a mariner, at Havant,
August 8th ; the second, also that of a mariner,
occurred at Emsworth, August 19th; and the
remaining case (a bricklayer, aged 67), in the latter
parish, September 12th.

232

Notes on Cholera

96; 1. Portsea Island ; Kingston. Pop. 12170.
— Choi. 188; Diarr. 31. — Several deaths from diar-
rhoea took place in April. The first recorded case of
cholera occurred June 3rd, in Fountain-street, a
rope-maker, aged 64, after 4 days’ illness. No other
case was fatal until July 4th, at which time the epi-
demic broke out with great violence. It continued
to prevail during July, August, and part of Septem-
ber, suddenly ceasing to be fatal from the 21st of that
month until October 3rd, after which only 7 cases
occurred. The period of its greatest intensity was
from July 9th to 31st. 104 persons died in the 23

days. At the Union workhouse, 43 deaths from
cholera took place, 5 on one day, July 29th, and the
mortality in Fountain-street and Nance's-row was
very great. The Registrar refers to the latter places
in the following terms : —

“ I beg to call attention to two localities in my
district ; the first a place called Fountain-street,
which has the main sewer of the parish passing lon-
gitudinally under it. During the wet season of last
winter the sewer was blown, and the whole place
became for a time inundated with its contents. The
inhabitants, who are poor, were obliged to wade
through an average depth of 14 inches of foul refuse.
It was in this low, ill-drained, and ill-ventilated place
the dire disease first appeared (on the 3rd of June
last, being the first case in the Union), and after-
wards continued to make its greatest ravages. The
second is a place known as Nance’s-row, situated in
an open field containing about 20 houses, the inmates
being very poor and numerous. At the south end
there is a junction of the four parish water-courses
of about 6 feet deep, where a vast accumulation of
foul stagnant matter becomes formed, and at this
spot the cholera in its most fatal and malignant form
first appeared, and 22 fell victims in the 7 southern
houses, and, strange as it may seem, not a single case
occurred in any of the others.”

9652. ; Portsea Town. Pop. 14768.

Choi. 99; Diarr. 25. — The first death from cholera
in this sub-district took place on board H.M.S.
Topaz, in Portsmouth Harbour, July 2nd, a carpen-
ter, R.N. Second case, a smith’s wife, July 7th, in
Unicorn-street. The epidemic prevailed until
October 5th, being at its height in the middle of
July. Seven persons died in Catherine-row (4 in
one house, No. 8) ; 7 in White’s-row; 4 in Run-
well’s-court (3 at No. 7) ; and 4 in Unicorn-street.

96; 3. ; Portsmouth Town. Pop. 8893.

Choi. 1 14; Diarr. 18. — The first case of cholera
recorded in this sub-district occurred in East-street,
July 6th, a mariner’s son, aged 4. Two deaths, one
in the same street, took place on the following day ;
and between July 14th and 21st, cholera proved
fatal to 39 persons. The localities which chiefly
suffered were Prospect-row, where 13 deaths oc-
curred, (3 in each of the houses, Nos. 21 and 22);
East-street, 9 deaths ; West-street, 8 deaths. The
Registrar, in his report for the quarter ending Sep-
tember 30th, thus adverted to the measures taken to
arrest the progress of the epidemic : —

“ The visitation commenced in this district about
the 7th July: As soon as the character of the dis-

ease was fully known, the local Boards met, and
unanimously agreed to throw aside all consideration
of expense, and adopt every plan in their power to
stay the ravages of this frightful disorder; and I may
venture to assert, that to their energy and prompti-
tude we may attribute the fact that in the early stage
of the disease it succumbed to the remedies applied,
and, where it had established itself, it was alleviated
as far as human means could go.”

96; 4. Portsea Island ; Landport. Pop. 17227.
— Choi. 167 ; Diarr. 54. — The epidemic broke out in
Landport as well as in the two foregoing sub-districts,
in the first week of J uly. The first fatal cases occurred
July 5th, viz., 2 at Landport, the wife and child of a
seaman, and one at Victoria-terrace, Kingston. Cho-
lera prevailed during July, August, and September,
being most intense in the week ending July 19th,
during which no less than 65 persons fell victims
to its attacks. Several instances of mortality in the
same families are presented in the registers : — A shoe-
maker, aged 43, and 3 of his children, died on July
14th ; and another child, two days later, all at No. 1
Hyde-street. A mariner, his wife, ar.d 2 children,
at No. 50 Montague-street ; the wife and 2 children
of a pensioner, in Brunswick-street, where 7 other
deaths occurred.

97; 1. Alverstoke; Alverstohe. Pop. 135 10. —
Choi. 126; Diarr. 20. — Cholera had been fatal in
Gosport at the close of 1 848, and a case was recorded,
with several deaths from diarrhoea, in February.
On June 30th, the child of a soldier died of “ cholera
infantum,” but no other cases were recorded until
July 6th, on which day, almost simultaneously with
the outbreak at Portsmouth, 4 cases occurred in the
sub-district, viz., a driver of fiys, at Alverstoke ; a
naval pensioner, and a rope-maker’s wife, at Gos-
port; and awarder on board the Invalid ship for
Convicts, in Portsmouth Harbour. As at Portsmouth,
the greatest mortality occurred in the second and
third weeks of July; 8t deaths were recorded in
that month, 17 in August, and 22 in September.
Last case, October 6th. In Haslar Hospital, 13
deaths took place, and 18 (chiefly convicts) on
board the Invalid receiving ships in Portsmouth
Harbour.

98; r. Fareham ; Fareham. Pop. 9271.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 9. — The first death from cholera
took place at the gas-works, Fareham, July 5th,
the manager of the works, aged 62. No other case
occurred until July 19th, when a female, aged 33,
died at a lodging-house in Fareham, after an attack
of 7 hours. Of the 18 deaths, 12 took place at
Fareham.

98; 2. ; Titclifield. Pop. 5328. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 5. — After 3 cases described as spasmodic
diarrhooa, one at Hook, August 19th, and 2 at Salis-
bury, September 4th and 9th. A death from cholera
was recorded at the latter place, September nth, a
labourer’s wife, aged 49, and another on the same
day, at Warsash.

99; 1. Isle of Wight; Cowes. Pop. 7665.

Choi. 2r ; Diarr. 10. — The first death from cholera
in the Cowes sub-district was that of a sweep’s son,
aged 3, after 3 days’ illness, in Cross-street, West
Cowes, July 4th ; another death took place in the
same street, July nth, a mariner’s daughter; and a
third (the brother of the first child) 2 days after.
The 3 next cases were in Whippingham parish, 2
being in Cross-lane, where other deaths were subse-
quently recorded. Last case, November 2nd, at No.
25 Cross-street, West Cowes. Of the 31 deaths from
cholera and diarrhoea, 15 took place at West Cowes,
6 at East Cowes, 9 in Whippingham parish, and one
at Parkhurst Prison.

99; 2. ; Newport. Pop. 12067. — Choi. 70;

Diarr. 15. — A female, aged 50, died from cholera,
after an attack of 4 days’ duration, March 28th, at
Nodehill, Newport. No other case recorded until
July 10th, when an attorney’s clerk died at the
House of Industry, Carisbrooke parish. The next
death took place, July 14th, in Tontine-yard, New-
port, and from that period to the first week in Sep-

233

in Hampshire.

teraber the epidemic was very fatal in the sub-
district. 1 8 deaths occurred in the House of In-
dustry, 13 in other parts of Carisbrooke parish, 5 in
Arreton parish, and the rest chiefly in Newport,
including 8 in Pyle-street.

99; 3. Isle of Wight; Ryde. Pop. 11795. —
Choi. 55 ; Diarr. 9.— The epidemic appeared in Ryde
nearly at the same time as in the Cowes sub-district.
First case, July 8th, a fisherman, after diarrhoea 6
days and cholera one day. On July nth, two deaths
occurred, and on the 12th and 13th, each three.
Cholera prevailed in Ryde until August 15 th, after
which day only one case (on September 17th) was
recorded. Two persons (a labourer and his wife)
died in Oakfield-street, St. Helen’s, 2 in Binstead,
and 8 (including 3 children of a cabinetmaker,
whose father died also of cholera in the infirmary)
in Union-road, Ryde. No cases were recorded in
Shanklin, Brading, or Yaverland parishes.

99; 4. ; Godshill. Pop. 5990. — Choi. 4,

Diarr. 1. — First case, July 28th, in Whitwell parish,
a labourer’s son, aged 5. The other cases occurred
in September, viz., on the 4th at Blackgang, a
draper’s wife ; on the 8th, at Berryl, a yeoman’s
wife ; and on the 22nd, at Chale, a carpenter.

99; 5. ; Calbourne. Pop. 5033. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — The cases of cholera were as follows : —
At Wellon, Shalfleet, July 30th, a labourer, aged
71, after 16 hours’ attack; and at Yarmouth, August
4th, also a labourer, attacked 12 hours. Scarlatina
prevailed in this sub-district throughout the quarter
ending September 30th.

100; 1. Lymington; Lymington. Pop. 7629. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 6.

100; 2. ■; Milford. Pop. 3849. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — One of these cases, which occurred at
Pennington, September 25th, was described as
“vomiting and diarrhoea.’’

101 ; r. Christchurch ; Christchurch. Pop. 7838.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

102; 1. Ringwood; Ringwood. Pop. 5305.'

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2. — The Registrar observes in his
return for the quarter ending September 30th, “ The
deaths are considerably below the average, which no
doubt may be attributed to the exertions of the
Board of Guardiaus and their clerk, in causing
nuisances to be removed, drains cleansed, and, in
many instances, covered over. There has been no
case of cholera.

103; r. Fordingbridge ; Fordingbridge.

Pop. 6705. — Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 1. — First recorded case
of cholera, July 20th, in Martin parish — a farmer
aged 28 ; followed by 7 deaths in Fordingbridge, 2
being in the Union workhouse. The last case oc-
curred at Martin, September 8th. 7 males and 2
females, all adults, died from cholera.

104; 1. New Forest; Lyndhurst. Pop. 3483. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

104; 2. ; Fawley. Pop. 4358. Choi. 2;

Diarr. 6. — Two deaths from diarrhoea took place at
Fawley, in July, after short attacks, and on August
30th, a labourer’s son died of cholera, 3 hours. The
second case occurred at Hardley, September 8th.

104; 3. ; Eling. Pop. 5404. Choi. 4;

Diarr. 7. — First case of cholera July 8th, in Biddles-
alne, Eling, a carpenter, 62. The other cases occurred
in the same parish, including two at Longdown.

105; 1. Southampton; Southampton,. Pop. 27103.
• — Choi. 240; Diarr. 53.— The first death from cho-
lera in Southampton was that of a painter’s wife,
aged 36, after 12 hours’ attack, June 30th. The next
case occurred July 2nd, and followed by 4 on the
3rd. The epidemic became very prevalent from this

time; 11 persons died on July 12th, and on several
subsequent days it proved fatal to 7 or 8 persons,
after attacks frequently of a few hours’ duration. In
July 1 15 deaths from cholera were recorded; in
August, 104. The epidemic began to abate towards
the end of the latter month, only 20 cases occurred
in September, 6 being on one day, the 6th. 2 per-
sons died September 21st, after which day cholera
ceased to be fatal in the district. More than one
death occurred in the same house in several in-
stances. At No. 16 Northam-street. the wife and 2
children of a butcher; at No. 3 Queen-street, a
stonemason and daughter; at No. 3 Winchester-
terrace, a porter and wife.

106; 1. South Stoneiiam ; St. Mary Extra. Pop.
2746. — Choi. 14; Diarr. 5. — A death from cholera
took place at Hamble, July 5 th, a fishdealer’s wife,
aged 70. The other 13 cases occurred at Itchen (a
village on the river of that name), where 2 persons
died on July 23rd, and the rest between that day
and August 19th. 9 deaths were in the families of

fishermen.

106; 2. ; South Stoneham. Pop. 4667.

Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 7. — The first case was that of a
blacksmith’s wife, aged 37, at Botley, May 24th;
the second occurred on June 29th, in the Union
workhouse, where another death from cholera, and 2
from diarrhoea, took place.

106; 3. ; Milbrooh. Pop 5280. — Choi 12;

Diarr. 11. — The 12 deaths from cholera, and 10 of
the deaths from diarrhoea took place at Milbrook.
First case July 11, a female aged 20 — one death on
the following day and 2 on the 13th. The last re-
corded case occurred after an interval of 21 days, on
September 19th.

107; 1. Romsey; Romsey. Pop. 6305. — Choi. 13 ;
Diarr. 8. — The first death from cholera in the Rom-
sey district took place July 6th, in Banning-street,
Romsey Extra, a shoemaker’s son, aged 7 (inquest):
8 deaths were subsequently recorded in the same
street. There were ir deaths from cholera in July
and 2 in August, 8 having occurred in Romsey Extra
and 5 in Romsey Infra.

107; 2, ; Mitchelmersh. Pop. 4083.-'

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — Both deaths from cholera took
place in East Dean on the same dayr, August 10th,
labourer’s widows, aged 70 and 30 respectively,

108; 1. Stockbridgk ; Broughtm. Pop. 3549. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — The cases of cholera occurred as
follows: — At West Tytherly, January 24th a shop-
keeper’s wife, aged 43, after 16 hours’ attack (inquest ) ;
and at Broughton, August 7th, a carpenter, aged 92.

108; 2. ; Stochbridge. Pop, 3545,— Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1,

109; 1. Winchester; Mitcheldever, Pop. 2602,
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 1,

109; 2. ; The Worthys. Pop,-275i.'

Chol.o; Diarr. 1,

109 ; 3, ; Winchester. Pop. 11186. Choi. 35;

Diarr. 19. — The first death from cholera in Win-
chester was that of a soldier in the Barrack hospital
on July 8th. 2 fatal cases occurred on the following
day, and 2 others July 15th and 16th ; from the
latter day the epidemic ceased to be fatal until
August 1st. It prevailed although not severely during
the whole of August and part of September. 6 cases
of cholera occurred in the County hospital, and 6
described as diarrhoea in the Union workhouse.

109; 4, ; Twyford, Pop. 3913. Choi, 3

Diarr. 2, — Two of the cases of cholera occurred at
Compton, August 4th and 7th, viz., — a shepherd, aged
47 ; and a labourer’s widow, aged 72 ; the third at
Bishop’s Stoke, September 13th.

234

Notes on Cholera

109; 5. Winchester ; Hursley. Pop, 2592.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 6, — Of the 4 deaths from cholera, 3
took place in Otterbourne on July 9th (a baker’s
child), August 16th and 19th, The remaining case
occurred at Hursley, August 12th.

no; 1. Dkoxforu; Bishop’s Waltham. Pop. 3199.
■ — Choi, o; Diarr, 4.

no; 2. ; Westmeon. Pop. 2117. — Choi. 1;

Diarr, 2. — The case of cholera occurred at Warnford,
March 2nd, a smith’s son, aged 3.

no ; 3. ; Hambledon. Pop, 4965, — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

in; 1. Cathekington ; Horndean. Pop. 2356. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — These cases, which both oc-
curred at Chalton, were those of a labourer's wife,
aged 49, after 24 hours’ attack, August 3rd ; and a
labourer, 63, after 36 hours’ illness, August loth.

112; 1. Petersfield ; Peter sjield. Pop. 4726. —
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 3. — Two cases of cholera were re-
corded in January, viz. : on the 10th, a miller’s daugh-
ter, aged 6, and on the 30th, a labourer’s infant ; the
third case that of a thatcher’s child, occurred March
16th. All in Sheet tithing.

112; 2. ; Eastmeon. Pop. 2735. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6. — Of these deaths 5 took place in August ;
the whole occurred in Eastmeon, and were returned
as “purging,” generally followed by “ collapse.” In
returning these cases the Registrar observes : “ several
deaths were supposed to be from cholera, but were
certified some as from colic, and some from purging,
by the medical officer of the Union.”

11 3; 1. Alresford; Ropley. Pop. 3430.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

x 1 3 ; 2. ; Alresford. Pop. 3664. — Choi. 0 ;

Diarr. o.

114; 1. Alton; Alton. Pop. 6501. — Choi. 9;
Diarr. 6. — The first death from cholera took place
July 13th, in High-street, Alton, a brewer, aged 60,
after an attack of 1 1 hours’ duration. All the deaths
from cholera occurred in July, and in Alton parish,
including 3 cases at the Union workhouse, and 3 in
New Buildings.

1 14; 2. ; Binstead. Pop. 4798. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

115 ; 1. Hartley Wintney; Odiham.

Pop. 5972.— Choi, o; Diarr. o.

1 1 5 ; 2. ; Hartley Wintney. Pop. 4750. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

116; 1. Basingstoke; Basingstoke. Pop. 7303. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera took
place in Basingstoke, July 21st, a carpenter, aged
39 ; and September nth, a draper’s wife ,aged 43.

1 16 ; 2. ; Bramley. Pop. 4665. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

11 6; 3. ; Dimmer. Pop. 4659. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

1 17; r. Whitchurch ; Whitchurch. Pop. 5495.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — The case of cholera occurred
at Whitchurch, October 3rd, a sawyer, aged 50.

1 18; 1. Andover; Longparish. Pop. 4234. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — Both cases of cholera occurred
at Abbot’s Ann, July 21st and 23rd, and were those
of a labourer’s child, aged 2, and a labourer’s wife,
aged 38. No cases were recorded in the otherseven
parishes of the sub-district.

1 18; 2. ; Ludyershall. Pop. 3780.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

118; 3. ; Andover. Pop. 6101. — Choi. 7;

Diarr. o — Of the 7 deaths from cholera, 6 took place
in London-street, Andover ; the first, on August
nth, a labourer, aged 18, after three days’ illness.
The laRt case recorded in the district occurred in
the Lcndon-road, August 24th.

118 ; 4. Andover; Hurstborne Tarrant. Pop. 2883.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

119; 1. Kingsclere; Highclere. Pop. 3237. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera was that of
a labourer’s wife, aged 57, after 22 hours’ attack, at
Highclere, July 4th.

1 19 ; 2. ; Kingsclere. Pop. 5225. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 3. — The first cases of cholera in the district
were two at the Union workhouse, Kingsclere, viz. :
May 28th, a labourer, aged 31, and June 1st, another
labourer, aged 75. Two other persons died in
Kingsclere, June nth and 14th.

5. BERKSHIRE.

no; 1. Newbury; Thatcham. Pop. 5240.

Choi, 8 ; Diarr. 1. — Half the deaths from cholera
took place in Thatcham parish, and the others at
Greenham Mills, Greenham : all between August
7th and 2 1st: a labourer’s wife, aged 37, was the
first person to whom the epidemic proved fatal.

120; 2. ; Newbury. Pop. 7366. — Choi. 7;

Diarr. 10. — The first cases of cholera in this sub-
district, occurred in Northcroft.-lane, Newbury,
August 2nd (a ragman, aged 48), 3th, and 6th ; fol-
lowed by four deaths in the Union workhouse,
from August nth — 13th.

120; 3. ; Speen. Pop. 7358. — Choi. 12;

Diarr. 3. — The 12 deaths from cholera took place in
Speen parish, in the ten days, August 16th — 25th:
the first case being that of a male, aged 83. The
epidemic proved fatal to two persons on the 17th,
and to three on the 23rd. All the cases of cholera
in the Newbury district occurred between August
2nd and 25th.

121; 1. Huncerford; Kintbury. Pop. 4439.—
Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

121 ; 2. ; Hunyerford. Pop. 9688. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 15. — The case of cholera occurred January
20th, in the Union workhouse, where seven persons
died from diarrhoea. Six other deaths from diarrhoea
took place in Ramsbury parish.

121 ; 3. ; Lambourn. Pop. 5769. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. 3.

122; 1. Faringdon; Shrivenham. Pop. 4718. —
Choi, o; Diarr. o.

122; 2. ; Faringdon. Pop. 6030.'

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera was that of
a baker’s wife, at Lechlade, June 30th.

122; 3. ; Bucklanit. Pop. 4835. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

123; 1. Abingdon; Fyfield. Pop. 1743.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

123; 2. -; Abingdon. Pop. 8104. — Choi. 30 ;

Diarr. 19. — The first death from cholera, in Abing-
don, that of a carrier’s son, aged 8, on July 17th,
was accelerated, in the opinion of the coroner’s jury,
by the “effluvium arising from putrid matter lying
about the premises.” In August and September
the epidemic was prevalent and fatal in Ock-street,
Otwell-lane, West-street, Helen-street, and other
parts of Abingdon. The death of a labourer, August
2nd, was referred by a jury, to “cholera, accelerated
by the putrid state of the waters of a ditch.” A
child, aged 5, died after being attacked eight hours,
“without premonitory symptoms ;” the mother died
the next day, having been ill from diarrhoea three
days, and cholera 14 hours.

123; 3. ; Cumnor. Pop. 2235. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 3. — The three cases of cholera occurred at
Cumnor, August 17th, a boy, aged 12; September
3rd, a labourer, aged 53, and September 10th, a
labourer’s widow, aged 60.

m the Counties of Berks and Middlesex. 235

123 ; 4. Abingdon ; Nuneham Courtney .Pop. 2981.
— Choi, o; Diarr. 4.

I23! 5- ; Sutton Courtney. Pop. 3717.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This case was that of a confec-
tioner, aged 30, at Sutton Wick, August 26th.

124; 1. Wantage; Wantage. Pop. 7141.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 9. — Of these cases, 5 were those of
infants, and 3 of persons upwards of 60 years of
age.

124; 2. Ilsley. Pop. 5365. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1. — A death described as from “ cholera,” had
occurred at East Ilsley, in this sub-district, in October
1848.

124; 3. ; Hendred. Pop. 4326.— Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

125; 1. Wallingford; Cholsey. Pop. 6037. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 5.

125; 2. ; Wallingford. Pop. 7913.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

126; 1. Bradfield; Bucklebury. Pop. 5682. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 6. — The case of cholera occurred at
Bradfield, August 27, a female, aged 68.

126; 2. ■ ; Mortimer. Pop. 4757. — Choi. 2:

Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera were those of a
labourer, aged 22, after 18 hours’ illness, on June 5th
{inquest) ; and a child, aged 7, June 14th ; both at
Burghfield.

126; 3. ; Tilehurst. Pop. 5116.— Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

127; 1. Reading; St. Mary. Pop. 8431.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 20. — The first recorded cases of
cholera in this sub-district occurred on September
1st and 2nd, the wife and child of a dyer, in Sun-
slreet ; these deaths were followed by others in
Coley-street, Coley-terrace, and a third in Gun-
street, on the 6th, 8th, and 9th of September.

127; 2. ; St. Lawrence. Pop. 4285.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 9. — The cases of cholera occurred
at Blake’s Wharf, June 15 th, and at Oxford-street,
July 24th, both adult females.

127 ; 3. ; St. Giles. Pop. 6805. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 15. — The epidemic appeared in this sub-
district at the close of 1848, and in January 1849.
From January 1st — 10th, 5 persons died from cholera
and 3 from diarrhoea, including 5 members of one
family, in Silver-street ; but no other case of cholera
occurred until July 25th, on which day a gardener,

aged 74, died in Thames-street, and 4 other persons
subsequently, in different parts of Reading.

128; 1 Wokingham; Wokingham. Pop. 6679. —
Choi, t ; Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera was that of
a carpenter, aged 38, in Wokingham parish, July
30th.

128; 2. ; Wargrave. Pop. 6124. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

129; r. Cookham ; Bray. Pop. 5604. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. 6. — The first case of cholera, which occurred
on September 19th, in Bridge-street. Maidenhead,
was accelerated, according to the verdict of the
coroner’s jury, by the “bad state of the premise*
occupied by deceased, and by his intemperate
habits.” The other two deaths also took place in
Maidenhead.

129; 2. ; Cookham. Pop. 5454. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 5. — The whole of the deaths from cholera
occurred in the part of Maidenhead situate in Cook-
ham parish, between August 28th and September
14th. The first case, that of a labourer’s child, was
pronounced oy a jury to have been one of “ cholera,
accelerated by effluvia arising from the bad state of
the drains near the dwelling ”

130; 1. Easthampstead ; Bracknell.

Pop. 5364. — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

130; 2. ; Sandhurst. Pop. 562. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

131 ; 1. Windsor; Egham. Pop. 7568. — Choi. 9 ;
Diarr. 1. — The whole of the deaths from cholera
in this sub-district, which comprises Kgham, Thorpe,
Sunninghill, and part of old Windsor parishes, took
place in Egham. The first case on July 14th, was
that of a labourer's daughter, aged 23; followed by
6 deaths in that month, and 2 in August. Last
case, a waterman, August 25th.

131 ; 2. , Windsor. Pop. 12936. — Choi. 49;

Diarr. 3. — The first death from cholera took place
at the Union workhouse, July 27th, a female, aged
44. The next case occurred August nth, in Bier-
lane, Clewer where 10 persons died in August, 4
in one house (No. 21), one in September, and 5 in
October. In Garden-court, in the same parish, the
cholera proved fatal to 14 persons, a mother and 2
children in one house, No. 9, from September 22nd
to October 9th. Nine persons died in New Windsor,
and 6 in the workhouse.

III. SOUTH MIDLAND DIVISION.

6. MIDDLESEX (Part of).

^132; 1. Staines; Sunhury. Pop. 5713.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 7. — The first fatal case of cholera
took place August 17th, at Hanworth, in a labourer,
aged 31. 3 deaths happened at Feltham ; the last

was the death of a labourer, aged 36, September 8th.

132; 2. ; Staines. Pop. 7505. — Choi. 37;

Diarr. 13. — A case of cholera occurred on January
16th, a labourer's wife, who died after 4 days’ illness,
aged 48; another case on January 23rd; and a
third, May 8th. No other case occurred until July
2nd, at Staines, in a fishmonger’s son, aged 13;
many other cases followed. Out of the total cases
of cholera 15 happened in Staines and 14 in
Stairwell, 4 of which were in the Union workhouse.
The last case was at Staines, September 27th, a
labourer, aged 68.

133; 1. Uxbridge; Hillingdon. 7221.

Choi. 16; Diarr. 5. — Cholera was first fatal in this
sub-district July 16th, to a labourer’s wife, aged 41,
died in 27 hours, at U xbridge Moor. Four fatal cases
occurred in the Union workhouse, 4 at Yeurley, 2
at Hillingdon-end. The last case was that of a
labourer, aged 25. “

133; 2. Uxbridge; Uxbridge. Pop. 5131.

Choi. 8: Diarr. 4. — The first case recorded in this
sub-district was on August 10th, in Uxbridge, a
labourer’s wife, aged 45, who died after 12 hours’
illness. Ickenham furnished 2 more. Last case in
Ickenham, a labourer, aged 20.

133; 3. ; Hayes. Pop. 6527. — Choi. 16;

Diarr 12. — Cholera was first fatal in this sub-
district August 5th, at Woolpack Botwell, to a la-
bourer, aged 2r, after 2 days’ illness ; Common
Ruislip furnished 12 cases. Last case at Hayes
Town, a labourer's son, aged 5.

134; 1. Brentford; Isleworth. Pop. 10685. —

236

Notes on Cholera

Choi. 21 ; Diarr. 6. — Cholera was first fatal in this
sub-district on May 26th, in the workhouse, to a fe-
male, aged 25, a labourer’s widow. Eight other cases
occurred in the workhouse between June and Sep-
tember, 3 in Brentfoid-end, 2 in NortbHyde Heston ;
other parts of the district were attacked, but less
severely. The disease disappeared August 3rd, the
last case being in a labourer’s wife, aged 30.

134; 2. Brentford : Twickenham. Pop. 5208. —
Choi. 14 ; Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera in
this sub-district occurred on July 291I1 : a spinster,
aged 40, died after 2ihours’ illness (tost, mort.), in
the London-road ; 5 cases were recorded in Bell-lane,
3 in Church-alley (one of them in the Alms-room),
1 in King-street, 1 in Church-street, 1 in Sion-row,
1 in Whitton, 1 in Swan-alley; this was the last
case, a gardener’s widow, aged 43.

134; 3* > Brentford. Pop. 10581.

Choi, no; Diarr. 17. — Cholera appeared in this
sub-district June 5 th, when a lighterman’s daughter,
aged 22, died in New Brentford ; the following
cases also occurred in New Brentford ; — a labourer’s
daughter, aged 13 ; a labourer's son, aged 6 ; a
labourer’s daughter, aged 15; a bargeman's son,
aged 1 ; a chairmaker’s daughter, aged 13 ; a
labourer, aged 26 ; a hawker, aged 26 (female) ;
a shoemaker, aged 35 ; a labourer’s son, aged 7 ;
a labourer’s son, aged 4; a post-boy’s wife, aged
38 ; a labourer's daughter, aged 2 ; a bargeman,
aged 44 ; a lock-house keeper’s wife, aged 36 ; a
lighterman's son, aged 2 ; a female servant, aged
22 ; a cabinet-maker, aged 625 a nurse, aged 45 ;
a waterman’s wife, aged 46 ; a hoop-bender’s
son, aged 12. Ealing furnished 3 fatal cases, Old
Brentford, 86. 14 of the diarrhoea cases occurred

to children mostly under one year of age. Last case
of cholera was recorded September 23rd.

134; 4. ; Chiswick. Pop. 5811. — Choi. 33;

Diarr. 2. — The first fatal case of cholera in this sub-
district occurred July 5th, in a policeman, aged 33,
at 1 Strand-on-the-Green; 14 other cases were
recorded in the same locality ; during the epidemic
5 were fatal in Bennett-street, 2 in James-street ;
other parts of the sub-district were slightly visited ;
last case, October 9th, a gentleman, at Little Sutton
House.

134; 5. ; Acton. Pop. 4768. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 10. — The first fatal case of cholera in this
sub-district occurred August 14th, to a builder, aged
72, who died after 30 hours’ illness : 5 other fatal
cases were recorded in September, all in Acton ;

8 of the diarrhoea cases were of persons aged 40,
and upwards. Last case of cholera September 13th,
a sawyer’s widow, aged 73.

135; 1. Hendon; Harrow. — Pop. 5958.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — Two fatal cases of cholera were
recorded in this sub-district, the first August 19th,
a carpenter, aged 63, died after 24 hours’ illness, at
Roxeth ; the 2nd case August 25 th, at Roxeth, a car-
penter’s widow, aged 62.

135; 2. ; Edgware. Pop. 3202. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera destroyed 2 persons in this sub-
district : the first on July 2 1 st, a labourer’s widow,
28 years of age, in 36 hours, at Little Stanmore ;
second, on August 26th, a farmer, aged 64.

I35 > 3- ; fVillesden. Pop. 2957. —

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 6. — The first fatal case of cholera in
this sub-district occurred July 22nd, in a policeman’s
son, aged one, at n Gloster-gardens. Carpenters’
Farm, 3 Morris-place, 7 Gloster-gardens, Harles-
don, each supplied a fatal case ; 2 were fatal in
Regent-street, in which the last case occurred on
September 14th.

135; 4. Hendon; Hendon. Pop. 3327. — Choi. 3;
Diarr. 6. — Cholera first proved fatal in this sub-
district, July 17th, in a labourer, aged 24 (inquest).
Second case, September 16th, Barnet-gate Farm, in
a farmer ; last case, September 17th, at Cricklewood,
in a labourer, 36 years of age.

136 ; 1. Barnet; South Mims. Pop. 4749.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 11. — September 7th was the first
day on which a fatal case of cholera was recorded,
in a railway labourer, aged 40, died after an attack
of 20 hours, at New Road; second case, Septem-
ber 9th, a brickmaker, aged 30; third case, a brick-
maker’s daughter, aged 6 ; fourth and last case,
a brickmoulder, aged 22. These 3 cases occurred
at the railway, Brickfield, near Potters' Bar.

136; 2. ; Barnet. Pop. 4497. — Choi. 13;

Diarr. 13. — Out of 13 cholera cases recorded in this
sub-district 7 occurred at Under Hill, Chipping
Barnet, and 6 in the workhouse ; other parts were
slightly visited. The first case happened August
7th, at Under Hill, a bricklayer’s daughter, aged 3
years, after 12 hours’ illness; last case in Union
workhouse, a labourer, 30 years.

136; 3. ; Finchley. Pop.4513.-Chol.il;

Diarr 5. — The first fatal case of cholera recorded
in this sub-district was that of a labourer, aged 24,
on July 28th, at Green-lane Cottage, after 19-jhours’
illness; 2 cases occurred at Whetstone. Each of
the following places lost an inhabitant. — Lodge-lane
(a place near the White Lion), East-end ; Russell’s-
cottages ; Hollick-wood ; Field-cottages; Church-
end, and a place near Black Horse-lane; this was
the last case, a brickmaker, aged 30, October 9th.

137 ; 1. Edmonton; Hornsey. Pop. 5985.

Cbol. 5 ; Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera in this
sub-district occurred July 12th at 12 Victoria-grove,
a baker’s daughter, aged 3 months, after 12 hours’
illness. The next case at Crouch End, July 28th,
followed by another death at the Nightingale Inn.
The last case at the foot of Muswell Hill, September
14th, a smith.

137; 2. ■ ; Tottenham. Pop. 8584. — Choi. 13;

Diarr. 12. — Cholera was first fatal in this sub-
district March 12th, at 8 Grove-place, in a spinster,
aged 80, after an illness of 30 hours. No other
case was recorded until August 20th, when a
coachman’s daughter, aged 10 months, died in 40
hours, in 'White-hart-lane. High-street ; King-
street ; 4 Union-row; 3 Church-road ; West Green;

3 Wagon-Horse-lane ; and Scotland-green, were
likewise visited : at 2 Hope-place, 2 brothers died —
but one was from diarrhoea. The last case occurred
October 5th, in the Cholera Hospital, a coachman’s
son, aged 2 years.

1 3 7 ; 3. ; Edmonton. Pop. 9027. — Choi. 41;

Diarr. 25. — The first fatal attack of cholera in this
sub-district, occurred on January 24th, in the Union
workhouse, when a widow, aged 76, died after 3 day3
and 6 hours’ illness ; several other cases of the
disease proved fatal in the workhouse between that
date and February 6th, when it subsided; but
returned with renewed violence August 20th, at-
tacking fa'ally a butcher, aged 39, in Church-street,
who died after 28 hours’ illness; on the same day a
labourer’s son, died after 7 hours’ illness, at 2 Clare-
mont-street. The disease was at its height between
August 25th and September 27th. The Chase,
Southgate, furnished 18 victims. In the workhouse
8 more deaths took place. The epidemic finally
disappeared October 3rd, when a labourer, 58, died
at the workhouse.

137; 4. ; Enfield. Pop. 9367. — Choi. 25 ;

Diarr. 13. — The first fatal case of cholera in this

237

in the Counties of Middlesex and Herts.

sub-district was recorded July 26th, at Enfield
Highway, in a female, aged 60, a widow, after 27
hours’ illness ; 3 cases occurred in Ponder’s-end ;
3 in Carterhatch-lane ; 3 in Enfield Highway ; 4 in
Holly bush ; many other parts of the sub-district were
visited. The last case was in a boy, aged 5, in the
Union workhouse.

137; 5. Edmonton; Waltham Abbey. Pop.4177.
— Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 6. — A cholera case was recorded
January 22nd, in Green-yard, a labourer, aged 33,
after 5 days’ illness. No other fatal case happened
until August 30th, when a labourer’s daughter died
at Back Way, after 4 days’ illness. Another case
occurred at Romeland, September 7th, in a labourer’s
daughter, aged 12 years, after 12 hours’ illness; this
was followed by 2 cases on September 3th, one in
Highbridge-street, a female, aged 10 years ; and
one in Sewardstone-street, a baker, aged 42 years.
Cholera disappeared September 14th, when it was
fatal to a child, aged 3 months, at Holyfield.

137; 6. ; Cheshunt. Pop. 5402. — Choi, xi;

Diarr. 4. — Cholera was fatal in this sub-district at
the travellers’ lodging house, August 5th, in a
labourer, aged 30, who died in 24 hours. Broadfield
Farm, Waltham Cross, and Twinford, each fur-
nished a fatal case. In Cheshunt-street, 6 cases
were recorded. The last death occurred October 3rd,
in a painter, aged 40 years.

7. HERTFORDSHIRE.

138; r. Ware; Hoddesdon. Pop. 4431.

Choi. 6; Diarr. 4. — A case of cholera occurred
January 8th, a labourer’s son, aged 9, after an attack
of 6 days, at Wormley. At Great Amwell 4 cases
terminated fatally ; the first, August 26th, a gar-
dener’s wife, aged 42, after 24 hours’ illness ; the
last, a female, aged 3, September 21st.

138; 2. ; Stanstead. Pop. 2497. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 2. — Two cholera cases only were fatal : the
first, July nth, a male, aged 28, labourer, ill 29 hours :
the last, July 14th, a carpenter, aged 57, ill 17 hours.

138 ; 3. ; Ware. Pop. 5188. — Choi. 9;

Diarr. 2. — The first fatal case of cholera occurred
August 26th, in a steersman’s wife, aged 51, ill 24
hours: last case on October 4th, in Union work-
house, a male, aged 45, labourer, ill 48 hours.

138; 4. ; Standon. Pop. 3388.— Choi. 1. ;

Diarr. o.— September 10th, at Lordships, Little
M unden, a male, aged 35, carpenter, after an attack
of 13 hours.

139; 1. Bishops Stortford; Sawbridgworth.
Pop. 3977. — Choi, o; Diarr. 5.

139; 2. ; Stanstead. Pop. 4829. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

139 ; 3. ; Bishops Stortford. Pop. 7438. —

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 8. — The first case of cholera proved
fatal, March 25th, a labourer’s son, aged 18, at
Apton Field, ill 2^ days: second case, July 21st, a
bargeman, aged 33, at Apton Field, ill 7 hours: last
case, August 7th, a nurse, aged 71, at Farnham.

139; 4. ; Braughing. Pop. 3126. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

140; r. Royston ; Buntinyford. Pop. 6791. —
Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 4. — Cholera was first fatal July 30th,
in a farmer’s daughter, aged xo, at Westmill, after 19
hours’ illness ; the last case occurred August 29th,
at Westmill, a labourer, aged 73. The whole 9 cases
happened at Westmill.

140; 2. ; Royston. Pop. 9899— Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

140; 3. ; Melbourne. Pop. 8240. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

141 ; 1. Hitchin; Baldock. Pop. 7878.

Choi. 57 ; Diarr. 3. — 10 cases of cholera proved
fatal in Weston ; the first, February 9th, a labourer's
son, aged 5, ill 7 days {inquest): another on March
21st, a labourer’s widow, aged 53. It reappeared
October 4th, at Norton End, Baldock, when it proved
fatal to a labourer’s son, aged 4, ill 3 days ; in which
place 24 cases of cholera occurred. One death took
place in Radwell, 2 in Clarke’s-yard, 11 in Norton-
street; one in Bygrave, 8 in Norton End, Norton.
The last case occurred December 17th.

141 ; 2. ; Hitchin. Pop. 14468. — Choi. 70;

Diarr. 24. — The first fatal case of cholera took place
on July 26th, in a labourer’s wife, aged 46, ill 24
hours, in Back-street. Twenty-four deaths took
place in the Union workhouse. Back-street suffered
severely, Mill-yard and other parts of the sub-district
were likewise visited. The last case occurred in
Bridge-street, a bricklayer’s daughter, aged 5.

142; 1. Hertford; Walton. Pop. 3964.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — First cholera case, March 3rd, at
Aston, in a wheelwright’s son, aged 8. Second and
last case, August 7th, at Datchworth, a labourer,
aged 20. The first diarrhoea case was on April 24th ;
the last October 4th.

142; 2. ; Hertford. Pop. 10181. — Choi. 79 ;

Diarr. 4. — Fifteen fatal cases of cholera occurred in
January; the first case in the Union workhouse, a
widow, aged 60 : 4 cases at Butcherly-green, one
in Back-street, 9 in the county gaol. February
21st, one in Christ's Hospital ; February 28th, one in
Castle-street ; March 5th, one in Bull Plain. It made
its re-appearance August 22nd, at Butcherly-green,
where a grinder’s daughter, aged 5, died after 8
hours’ illness ; 12 other persons died in this locality.
Old Cross lost 10 persons : in the county gaol 9
died; inquests were held upon each; in the Union
workhouse 3 died, including last case, viz., a single
woman, aged 81.

143; 1. Hatfield; Hatfield. Pop. 6063.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 6. — These are all children under
the age of 2 years.

143; 2. ; Welwyn. Pop. 1956. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 4. — Both of the cases of cholera occurred at
Welwyn, August 2nd and 15th ; the first, a sawyer’s
wife, aged 59, after an attack of 24 hours’ duration;
the other a baker, aged 39, attacked 2 t hours. The
diarrhoea cases were all children under one year of
age.

144; 1. St. Albans; Harpendcn. Pop. 6618. —
Choi. 4; Diarr. 1. — The first 2 fatal cases of cholera
occurred August 28th, at Redbourn, a wheelwright’s
2 daughters, aged 4 and 3, attacked 6 and 9 hours :
the next case was also at Redbourn, August 31st, a
bonnet-sewer, aged 22, after an attack of 18 hours’
duration. The last case occurred November 13th,
at Wheathamst.ead, a widow, aged 74.

144; 2. ; St. Albans. Pop. 10430. — Choi. 8;

Diarr. 7. — First case occurred January 3rd, at
Childwick Hedge's Farm, St. Michael’s, a farmer’s
son, aged 17 weeks; the next case was at Pound-
field, St. Michael’s, January 10th, a servant, aged 20.
No other fatal case occurred until June 6th, when an
agricultural labourer died, aged 53, at Aps-pond, St.
Michael’s. The last case occurred September 8th, at
Chequer’s-street, an engine-driver, aged 34.

145; r. Watford; Bushey. Pop. 4337.

Choi. 3; Diarr. o. — First case August 22nd, at
Bushey Heath, Bushey, a bricklayer, aged 49. The next
case occurred at Back-lane, Bushey, September 23rd,
a widow, aged 57, after an attack of 24 hours’ dura-
tion. The other case occurred October 23rd, at Chalk
Hill, Bushey, a labourer’s son, aged 8,

238

Notes on Cholera

145 ; 2, Watford; Watford. Pop. 5989. — Choi, 23;
Diarr. 5. — The first fatal case of cholera, August 26th,
at Butcher’s-yard, a laundress, aged 52. The next 4
cases occurred in High-street, all labourers. Of the
23 cases, 9 occurred in High-street, 6 at the Silk
Mills, and 2 in the Union workhouse. Last case took
place October 2 7th, at the Silk Mills, a silk thrower’s
daughter, aged 6, after an attack of 12 hours’ duration.

145 ; 3. ; Rickmanswortli. Pop. 5568.

Choi. 19; Diarr. 6. — The whole of these cases
occurred at Rickmansworth. The first death took
place July 30th, a labourer, aged 28, after an attack
of 24 hours’ duration. The next, August 16th, a la-
bourer’s wife, aged 37, attacked 8 hours. Of the 19
cases of cholera, 13 occurred during the month o,f
September. Last case occurred October 10th, a la-
bourer, aged 49,

145; 4. ; Abbot’s Langley. Pop. 2115,

Choi, o : Diarr. o.

146; 1. Hemel Hempstead; King’s Langley.
Pop. 2996. — Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

146; 2, ; Hemel Hempstead. Pop. 5901. —

Choi. 21 ; Diarr. 9, — Five cases of cholera occurred
in January; 2 in Hemel Hempstead, one in the
workhouse, one in Marlowes, and one in Queen-
street. The next case happened on September 14th
(a labourer’s daughter, aged 12, after 12 hours’ illness)
at Crouchfield. At Bury Mill End 4 cases oc-
curred; 3 in Union workhouse. Crouchfield alto-
gether furnished 7 cases, including the last, a straw
plaiter’s son, aged 3 days.

146; 3. ; Flamstead , Pop. 2601. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

147 ; 1. Berkhamstead ; Berkhamsteud.

Pop. 4796. — Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 7. — First case of cholera
occurred July 28th, at West Berkhampstead, a la-
bourer, aged 19, after an attack of 20 hours’ duration.
The next case, September nth, at Frithsdeu, North
Church, a labourer, aged 8r. The other case oc-
curred September 17th, at North Church, a boatman,
aged 40, after an attack of 27 hours' duration.

147; 2. ; Tring. Pop. 6729. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 7.

Both cases of cholera occurred at Marsworth, one on
September 6th, a labourer’s son, aged 8, after an attack
of 12 hours ; the other, September 15th, a tailor, aged
33, after an attack of 16 hours' duration. Of the
diarrhoea cases, 4 were children under one year.

8. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.

148; 1. Amersham ; Missenden. Pop. 2367. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

148; 2. ; Chesham. Pop. 5811. — ChoL 4;

Diarr. 2. — Three of these cases of cholera occurred
in Chesham, and the other at Waterside. First
case on January 2nd, in a labourer, aged 59, after an
attack of 28 hours’ duration. 2 other cases occurred
January 18th and 24th, females, aged 75 and 61.
The last case took place on September 2nd, a
female, aged 24.

148; 3. ; Amersham. Pop. 3645. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 4. — Three of these cases of cholera occurred at
Amersham, August 29th, 30th, and 31st, viz., one
labourer and 2 females, after an average attack of
16 hours’ duration. The 2 other cases occurred in
the Union workhouse, October 6th and 12th, one
being a labourer, and the other a single woman.

[48 ; 4. ; Chalfont. Pop. 3336. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6. — \ll these cases of diarrhoea took place
in Chalfont parish, between July 7th and September
13th, in some cases after attacks of very short dura-
tion ; 4 were children under cue year of age.

148; 5. ; Beaconsjicld. Pop. 3053. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 2. — Both cases of cholera occurred in Bea-
consfield. The first, August 16th, a labourer, aged
21, and the other, September nth, a labourer’s wife,
aged 55.

149; r. Eton; Iver. Pop. 5757.— Choi. 20;

Diarr. 8. The first death from cholera occurred in
Iver parish, August 18th, a labourer’s son, aged
2, after an attack of 16 hours’ duration. The
other cases, with 3 exceptions, took place in the
parishes of Iver and Langley Marsh; the last death
having occurred September 18th, a whipmaker’s
daughter, aged 5. The cases of exception occurred
in Denham parish.

149; 2. ; Eton. Pop. 8472. — Choi. 15;

Diarr. 4. — Of these cases of cholera, 9 took place in
Eton, the first having occurred February 1st, a
labourer, aged 46, after an attack of 5 days. 5
other cases occurred in August, and 3 in September.
Of the remaining cases 2 took place in Horton, 2
in Chalvey, the last death took place at Eton, Septem-
ber 16th, a tobacco-pipe maker, aged 65, after an
attack of 24 hours’ duration.

149 ; 3- ; Burnham. Pop. 6014. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. 4. — Three of these cases of cholera occurred in
Taplow, the first on August 27th, in a coachman’s
wile, aged 38, after an attack of 3 hours’ duration ;
2 cases occurred at. Burnham, and the last death at
Boveney, September 22nd, a traveller, aged 37.

150; 1. Wycombe; High Wycombe. Pop. 9431. —
Choi. 43 ; Diarr. 7. — The first case of cholera occur-
red August 3rd, at Narrow, in a butcher’s daughter,
aged 8 ; there were also several cases during the same
month in the town of Wycombe, but the greatest
mortality appears to have taken place at New Land,
where 17 deaths occurred during September and
October. There were also 6 cases in Wycombe
Marsh, 4 in Londwater, 2 in Bassetsbury, and a few
others elsewhere, the last case occurred at New
Land, October 23rd, in a chairmaker’s daughter,
aged one.

150; 2. ; Great Marlow. Pop. 5335, — - —

— Choi. 42 ; Diarr. 10. — All these cases of cholera
took place in Great Marlow, the first having occur-
red, July 24th, in a postboy’s wife, aged 48, after
an attack of 8 hours’ duration. The mortality in-
creased very much during the month of August. In
St. Peter’s-street a bargeman lost 3 children between
the 13th and 23rd of August, at the ages of 4, one
year, and 3 months respectively. In October there
were several cases; a conhvainer lost his wife and
son at the ages of 31 years and 6 years. The last
case occurred October 16th, in Dean-street, in a
labourer's daughter, aged 4, after 12 hours’ attack.

150; 3. ; West Wycombe. Pop. 6622.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — These cases of cholera occurred
at Little Missenden: the first, August 13th, a la-
bourer, aged 37 ; on the 16th, a labourer’s wife,
aged 35 ; and September 7th, a labourer’s son,
aged 2.

150; 4. ; Wendover. Pop 5200. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

150 ; 5. — ; Princes Risboruugh. Pop. 5458. —
Choi. 12; Diarr. 4. — All these cases of cholera oc-
curred in the Union workhouse at Saunderton,
during the month of October, with one exception,
a death having occurred September 29th, in a male,
aged 35- The other cases were all at advanced
ages.

1 5 1 ; r. Aylesbury; Iladdenhum. Pop. 4554. —
Choi. 18; Diarr. 9. — The first case of cholera oc-
curred at Iladdenham, July 19th, a labourer, aged
70 ; an inquest was held in this case. All the oilier
cases occurred at Gibraltar Cuddington, during the

239

in the Counties of Bucks , Oxford, and Northampton.

month of August. The last death took place August
18th, in a labourer, aged 47, after an attack of 4 days.

15 1 ; 2. Aylesbury ; Aylesbury. Pop. 7280. —
Choi, t ; Diarr. 10. — This case ot cholera took place
in Castle-street, July 21st, a labourer’s daughter,
aged 3. The cases of diarrhoea, with the exception
of a female, aged 27, were in children.

x 5 1 ; 3. ; Aston Clinton. Pop. 4618.

Choi, o; Diarr. 3. — One case at Bieston, January
1 6th, a labourer, aged 52 ; the other cases were
of children.

151 ; 4. ; Waddesdon. Pop. 5683.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 6.

152; 1. Winslow; Witislow. Pop. 8376.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 5. — These cases were all of children.
Four of them took place between January 17th and
February 9th.

153; 1. Newport Pagnel; Fenny Stratford.
Pop. 9222. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — The first case of
cholera occurred at Fenny Stratford, May 14th, in
a Chelsea pensioner, aged 80, after an attack of 14
days. On May 18th, at the same place, his wife,
aged 79, died, after 7 days’ illness.

15352. ; Newport Pagnel. Pop. 3569.

Choi, o; Diarr. 4. — All these deaths took place in
Newport Pagnel, and were all of children.

153; 3. ; Olney. Pop. 10206. — Choi. 2;

Diarr 5. — The first case of cholera occurred at
Olney, February 24th; it was in a labourer, aged
53. The other case took place at Clifton Reynes,
June 29th, in a labourer’s daughter, aged 16 months ;
fatal 24 hours after the attack.

154; 1. Buckingham; Lechhamp stead.

Pop. 4146. — Choi o; Diarr. 1.

154; 2. ; Buckingham. Pop. 6229.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2 — This case of cholera occurred
at North End, March 1st, in a labourer, aged 60.

154; 3, ; Tingewick. Pop. 3864. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3. — Two of these cases were aged persons, the
other a child.

9. OXFORDSHIRE.

155; 1. Henley; Henley. Pop. 13187.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 13. — An ostler’s wife, aged 50, died
of cholera, 36 hours after the attack. It was the
first case in Henley. On the same day, an inn-
keeper died, in Hart-street, aged 64. The last case
occurred September 10th, also in Hart-street. It
was a coachnraker, aged 62. Two deaths from diar-
rhoea occurred in the Union workhouse (labourers,
aged 78 and 79), and 3 at Lower Caversham.

155; 2. ; Watlington. Pop. 4358. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Swyncombe, June
29th, a labourer, aged 42, 4 days after attack.

156; 1. Thame; Lewknor. Pop. 4057.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

156; 2. ; Thame. Pop. 5830. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

156; 3. ; Brill. Pop. 5718. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

157; 1. Headington; Wheatley. Pop. 3505- —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 4, — -Three of these cases were in
children under one year, the other was aged 13.

157; 2. ; St. Clement. Pop. 10499. '

Choi. 31 ; Diarr. 14. — (This is a part of the City
of Oxford.) Of the deaths from cholera, 25 took
place in the Cholera Hospital, situate in the parish of
St. Giles; the first having occurred there on August
26th, in a tramp (male), aged 3 9, 10 hours after
attack. A tailor's son, aged one, died of cholera, in
the workhouse. A few cases occurred in High-
street, Bath street, St. Giles’s, and St. John’s road ;
the last death took place in the hospital, October

7th. It was a stonemason’s son, aged 8. The epi-
demic attained its greatest height in September ;

4 cases of diarrhoea occurred in the workhouse,
2 were children and 2 aged.

158; 1. Oxford; Oxford. Pop. 19796.

Choi. 44; Diarr. 22. — This is only a part of the
city of Oxford. The rest of the city is in Heading-
ton. The first death from cholera occurred August
14th, at Orpwood’s-row, in a spinster, aged 20 ; 7
cases occurred in Speedwell-street, 4 in Paradise-
street, 2 in High-street, and 2 in St. Aldate-street.
There were also 5 cases in the County Gaol. It
prevailed most in the month of September ; the last
case occurred October 21st, in Blackfriars-road,
in a carpenter, aged 37, after an attack of 2 days.
Diarrhoea was very prevalent during September.

159; 1. Bicester; Blctchington. Pop. 7326. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera
occurred at Bletchington, July 23 ; it was in a boat-
man’s wife, aged 35 ; the other was at Souldern,
September 7th, in a stonemason’s wife, aged 59.

159; 2. ; Bicester. Pop. 7874. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

160; 1. Woodstock; Beddinyton. Pop. 5991.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

160; 2. ; Woodstock. Pop. 7399. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 5. — Three of these cases occurred at Wood-
stock, in persons at the age of 82 years, 21 years,
and 8 months. One death also took place in the
Union workhouse, a labourer’s son, aged one.

161 ; 1. Witney; Ensham. Pop. 4877. — Choi. 7 ;
Diarr. 5. — All the deaths from cholera took place at
Handborough ; the first, August 14th, in a spinster,
aged 35, after an attack of 16 hours’ duration; the
last was on September 4th, of a labourer’s daughter,
aged 10.

1 6 1 ; 2. ; Bampton. Pop. 5416. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Three were deaths of children, under 2
years.

161 ; 3. ; Witney. Pop. 7695.— Choi. 2;

Diarr. 1. — The first case of cholera occurred at
Witney, October 16th, in a doubler’s daughter, aged
5, 3 days after the attack ; on the following day a
weaver’s daughter, aged one, died after an attack of
the same duration.

161; 4. ; Burford. Pop. 4975. — Choi. 24;

Diarr. 4. — Twelve of these cases of cholera occurred at
Burford, the first September 10th, a labourer, aged
36. 8 took place at Fulbrook: the last case was

that of a shepherd, aged 63, November 8th, at Ful-
brook, after an attack of 12 hours.

162; 1. Chipping Norton; Charlbury.

Pop. 8202. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

162; 2. ; Chipping Norton. Pop. 7946.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

163 ; 1. Banbury : Bloxham. Pop. 6707.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3. — Two of these cases occurred at
East Adderbury, September 30th, and October 8th.

163; 2. ; Swalcliffe. Pop. 6423. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 6. — Three of these cases were children under

5 years of age, and occurred in the March quarter.

163 ; 3. ; Cropredy. Pop. 4636. — Choi, I;

Diarr, 2.— This case occurred at Hanwell, July 14th,
in a labourer’s daughter, aged one.

163 ; 4. ; Banbury. Pop. 10799. — Choi, o;

Diarr, 17. — Six of these deaths took place at Neitln op :
there were also 3 deaths in the Union workhouse.

10. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.

164; 1. Brackley; Bracklcy. Pop. 7551.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

164; 2. ; Sulgra ve. Pop. 5874.— Choi, o;

Diar. 4. — Children under 2 years of age.

240

Notes on Cholera

165; 1. Towcester; Abthorpe. Pop. 5417.

Choi, o; Diarr. 3. — Persons at advanced ages, viz.,
72, 83, and 91.

165; 2. ; Towcester. Pop. 7120. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 6. — Two children, under one year of age ;
the others were persons aged 58, 75, 80, and 81.

166; 1. Potterspury ; Potterspury. Pop. 9794.
— Choi, o; Diarr. 4. — Three aged r persons, and
one under one year.

167; 1. Hardingstone; Br afield. Pop. 3245. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This case of cholera occurred
November 2nd, at Brafield-on-the-Green, a labourer,
aged 33.

167; 2. ; Hardingstone. Pop. 2658.

Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 5. — First case of cholera occurred
August 7th, at Cotton End, in a boatman, aged 18.
Of the other 22 cases, 20 occurred at Piddington,
■where the epidemic proved fatal to four persons in
one family, a labourer and three children ; in an-
other family two children died, and in a third, a
shoemaker’s wife and son. Last case, October 28th,
a shoemaker, aged 24.

2:67 ; 3. • ; Milton. Pop. 2765. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

168; i. Northampton ; St. Giles. Pop. 13414;
— Choi. 4; Diarr. 15. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district September 5th, when the wife of a
tailor died in 34 hours, at Hiding.

168; 2. ; All Saints. Pop. 11600.

Choi. 45 ; Diarr. 11. — First case of cholera at
Bridge- street, All Saints, June 6th, a butcher, aged
34. Most of the cases occurred in the courts of
Bridge-street. In court No. 4, a shoemaker, his
wife and child, died in one day, October 10th. In
the course of the two following days, in the same
court, another shoemaker lost his wife and child ;
also in court No. 5, the wife and child of a turner
fell victims to this fatal disease. All the cases but
the first occurred during the months of September
and October, the last having taken place at Meacock’s-
row, October 13th, a moulder’s wife.

168; 3. ; Bugbroohe. Pop. 3107, — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

169; r. Daventry ; Weedon. Pop. 5983.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. I. — This case of cholera occurred
at Dodford, July 17th, a boatman’s wife, after an
attack of 14 hours’ duration.

169; 2. ; Daventry. Pop. 9871. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 1. — First case of cholera occurred August
J 3th, at Helledon, in a labourer, aged 67, after an
attack of one week. The second, a child aged 6
months, at Byfield. The last case at Turner’s-yard,
Bookend, the daughter of a shoemaker, aged 7.

169 ; 3. ; Long Buckby. Pop. 5613.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — The only case of cholera which
occurred in this sub-district took place August 15th,
at Long Buckby, a labourer’s son, aged 2, after an
attack of 24 hours’ duration.

170: r. Brixworth ; Spratton. Pop. 5747. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 7. — Three of the 7 deaths which oc-
curred in this sub-district happened to children
under 6 months ; the ages of the others were
28, 57, 69, and 79.

170; 2. ; Moulton. Pop. 4189, — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

170; 3- i Brixworth. Pop. 4367. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 2.

171 ; 1. Weli.ingijorougu ; Earls Barton. Pop.
5404. — Choi, o; Diarr. r.

171; 2. ; Jligham Ferrers. Pop. 5718. —

Chol.o; Diarr. o.

1 7 r ; 3. ; ’Wellingborough . Pop. 9012.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 5. — The first case of cholera oc-

curred at 24 Gold-street, on April 5 th, in a gentle-
man, aged 77 ; ill 5 hours. The other death
happened September 8th, in the Londou-road, to
a labourer's widow, 62 years of age, ill 2 days. Four
of the cases of diarrhoea were in the early part of
the year; the last, November 17th.

172; 1. Kettering; Kettering . Pop. 7572. •

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — This case of cholera took place
at Little Barton, August 27th, in a single woman,
aged 67, ill 2 days.

172; 2. ; Rotliwell. Pop. 6619. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3. — Of the cases of diarrhoea, one occurred in
January, another in May, the other in December.

172; 3. ; Corby. Pop. 4078. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

173; 1. Thrapston; Thrapston. Pop. 6817. •

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 6. — The first case of cholera recorded
in this sub-district was on June 21st, at Brisstock, a
labourer, 60 years of age ; no other fatal case oc-
curred until October 6th, when a butcher, 45 years
of age, died at Titchmarsh, at which place eight out
of the nine cholera cases took place, the last being
on November 17th, a labourer’s son, aged 13 years.
The whole of the diarrhoea cases also occurred at
Titchmarsh during the months of October and
November.

173; 2. •; Raunds. Pop- 5224. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

174; 1. Oundle; Oundle. Pop. 6433. — Choi. 1 ;
Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera occurred at Wigs-
thorpe, November 4th, a labourer's widow, aged 65.

174; 2. ; Weldon. Pop. 2384. — Chol.o; Diarr. o.

174; 3. ; Fotheringhay. Pop. 5959.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This case happened at AVar-
mington August 16th, a labourer’s son, aged 6 years ;
attacked 24 hours.

r 75 ; r. Peterborough , Stilton. Pop.‘5i77.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — First case occurred September
6th, a labouring woman, aged 30. The second
November 2nd, a comb-maker, 34 years of age, and
the last November 13th, a labouring woman, 29 years
of age, all in the parish of Stilton.

175; 2. ; Peterborough. Pop. 10931.

Choi. 41 ; Diarr. 27. — First case of cholera occurred
February 23rd, a glazier's daughter, aged one year,
at Boongate, after an attack of 24 hours’ duration.
The next case was on March 5th, at Boongate, a
labourer, aged 60, attacked 30 hours. The disease
appears to have subsided until August 16th, when
a labourer, aged 70, died, after an attack of 2 days,
duration. The parts of Peterborough in which the
chief mortality occurred are as follows : — Boongate,
Boonfield, Westgate, and New Town ; last case No-
vember 29th, at Boonfield, a carpenter’s son, aged 2
years ; one case of cholera and 9 of diarrhoea occurred
in the Union workhouse. Eleven of the diarrhoea
cases happened to children under one year'of age.

175; 3. ; Crowtand. Pop. 7206. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 8. — First case of cholera at Crowland, Marcli
nth, a labourer’s son, 14 years of age. The next case
at Maxey, June 19th, son of a labourer, 2 years
of age. The third case did not occur until November
3rd, at Eye, when the daughter of a carter, aged 10
years, died, and an inquest was held on the body.
The last case occurred at Newborough, December
9th, in a travelling tinker, aged 23 ; inquest on the
body.

175; 4. ; Thorney. Pop. 2159. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera took place at
Thorney, November 14th, a labourer’s widow, aged
66 years. The first diarrhoea case occurred to a
labourer 79 years of age, the other to a child one
month.

241

in the Counties of Huntingdon, Bedford, and Cambridge.

ii. HUNTINGDONSHIRE.

176; 1. Huntingdon; Ramsey. Pop. 4425. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera occurred
at Ramsey, August 14, a charwoman, 33 years of
age, after an attack of 34 hours : the other case at 40
Foot Bridge, on August 24th, a labourer, aged 26.

3 out of the 4 diarrhoea cases were under 2 years of
age ; the other a labourer, 70 years of age.

176; 2. ; Sawtry. Pop. 2093. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera occurred at Sawtry
St. Andrews, October 19th, a butcher, aged 43 ; the
next case at Sawtry All Saints, November 30th, a
carpenter’s daughter, I 1 years of age, the third,
December 6th, at Sawtry St. Andrews, a labourer’s
widow, aged 60. The fourth and last case took
place at Sawtry All Saints, December 10th, a
labourer, aged 47.

176; 3. ■; Spaldwick. Pop. 3317. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — These were the deaths of an infant, aged

4 months, and a widow, aged 77.

176 ; 4. ; Huntingdon. Pop. 8597. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 10. — This case of cholera occurred at Abbott
Ripton, on November 23rd, a labourer, 62 years of
age. Of the diarrhoea cases, 9 took place at the
Union workhouse.

177; 1. St. Ives; Warboys. Pop. 3194.

Choi. 3; Diarr. o. — First case occurred at Warboys,
February 14th, a carpenter’s son, aged 5 months,
after an attack of 2 days. The next. May 21st, at
Bury, a schoolmaster, aged 64, attacked 5 days.
The other case occurred at Warboys, May 24th, a
shoemaker, aged 60, after an attack of 6 days.

177; 2. ; Somersham. Pop. 4483. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2. — These two cases of diarrhoea occurred at
Colne, onthe 10th and 18th of September, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 15 months, and a shoemaker’s
daughter, aged 10 weeks.

177 5 3- '! Swavesey. Pop. 3417. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Conington,
September nth, a labourer's wife, aged 70, after an
attack of 12 hours.

177; 4. ; St. Ives. Pop. 8004. — Choi, r ;

Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera happened at the
sheep market, St. Ives, October 14th, a labourer,
aged 18, attacked 26 hours. The diarrhoea case
occurred at Crown-yard, October 13th, a tailor’s son,
aged 7 months.

178; 1. St. Neots; St. Neots. Pop. 8979.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera, May 2nd,

I at Buckden, a child, aged 2 months, after an attack
of 2 days. The other case was also at Buckden, Sep-
tember 18th, a butcher, aged 26, attacked 12 hours.

178; 2. ; Kimbolton. Pop. 9056. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 7.

12. BEDFORDSHIRE.

179; r. Bedford; Riseley. Pop. 2666. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

179; 2. ; Sharnbrook. Pop. 2838. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Milton, October 3th,
a brickmaker’s son, aged 8 months.

1 79 ; 3. ; Harrold. Pop. 3208. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

179; 4. ; Turvey. Pop. 2194. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

179; 5. ; Bedford and Kempston.

Pop. 8421. — Choi. I ; Diarr. 7.— The death from
cholera took place in the Alms-house, St. Peter’s,
Bedford, August 29th, a widow, aged 78, after an
I attack of 11 hours’ duration.

179 ; 6. ; Bedford and Cardington.

Pop. 9686. — Choi. 35; Diarr. 15. — The first case of

cholera occurred at Gravel-lane, St. Paul’s, Sep-
tember 20th, a pipemaker’s wife, aged 25. Thirteen
deaths took place in the same district during Septem-
ber and October: 3 cases occurred in the Fever Hos-
pital, 6 in Beauchamp-row, and 5 in Harper-street.
The last case took place in Harper-street, November
17th, a labourer, aged 52, attacked 24 hours.

179; 7. Bedford ; Harford. Pop. 2753. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

180; 1. Biggleswade; Potton. Pop. 8374.

Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 3. — Of the cases of cholera, the first
occurred at Westlingworth, April 7th, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 10, attacked 30 hours: an inquest
was held. Seven deaths from cholera took place at
Girtford, Sandy, between September 28th and Oc-
tober 8th. The last case occurred at Upper Calde-
cot, Northill, October 27th, a labourer’s daughter,
aged one year.

180 ; 2. Biggleswade. Pop. 12320.

Choi. 17; Diarr. 16. — 12 cases of cholera occurred at
Biggleswade, the first August 28th, a labourer’s
daughter, ag-ed 7 weeks : 4 cases occurred at Arlsey.
in September. The last case of cholera took place
at Stotfield, October 3rd, a collar-maker, aged about
50 years, after an attack of 22 hours’ duration; in
this case an inquest was held. Of the cases of
diarrhoea, 3 occurred in the Union workhouse, at
the ages of 71, 79, and 88.

181 : 1. Ampthill; Shitlington. Pop. 3797 —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

181 ; 2. • ; Ampthill. Pop. _8440. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

181 ; 3. * ; Cranfield. Pop. 3444. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 7. — The case of cholera occurred at Marston,
January 29th, a labourer’s daughter, aged 14 : 4 cases
of diarrhoea took place at Cranfield.

182; 1. Woburn; Woburn. Pop. 6814.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — The first case of cholera occurred
at Woburn, September 15th, a druggist and grocer,
aged 34.

182; 2. ; Toddington. Pop. 4468. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

183; 1. Leighton Buzzard ; Leighton Buzzard.
Pop. 7368. Choi. 2; Diarr. 12. — The first case of
cholera took place at Chelsea Linslade, July 16th, in
a labourer's daughter, aged 2^ years; an inquest was
held in this case. The other occurred at Leighton
Buzzard, August 14th, a captain of a trading- vessel’s
son, aged 13. Of the diarrhoea cases, 6 occurred at
Leighton Buzzard, 4 of them children under 3 years
of age.

183; 2. ; Wing. Pop. 2237. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

183; 3- ; Ivinghoe. Pop. 2282. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Ringshall. August
lith, a labourer, aged 73.

183; 4. ; Edlesborough. Pop. 3155.

Choi, o; Diarr. 3.

184; 1. Luton; Dunstable. Pop. 6769. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. 2. — The first case occurred at Houghton
Regis, August 18th, a grocer’s daughter, aged 4
months, the other took place at Dunstable, Septem-
ber 16th, a postboy’s daughter, aged 14, ill 26 hours.

184: 2. ; Luton. Pop. 11144. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 10. — Two deaths from diarrhoea occurred in
the Union workhouse, in persons aged 68 and 61.

13. CAMBRIDGESHIRE.

185; 1. Caxton ; Carton. Pop. 10077.

Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 1. — Cholera was not fatal in this
sub-district until September 22nd, when 3 deaths
occurred at Gamlingay, viz.: a labourer, aged 70,

R

242

Notes on Cholera

attacked 8 hours; a cordwainer, aged 38, attacked
10 hours; and a labourer’s wife, aged 52, after an
attack of 12 hours : from this date up to the 28th
no less than 8 other cases proved fatal at Gamlingay,
4 of which occurred on the 26th. The last case took
place October 6th, a labourer’s wife, aged 30.

186; 1. Chesterton ; Willingham. Pop. 8376. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera, May 1st,
at Waterbeach.in a labourer’s daughter, aged 17, after
an attack of 6 hours; the other case occurred July
25th, at Dry Drayton, a labourer, aged 28, attacked
2 days. Of the diarrhoea cases 3 were children ; the
other one, a tailor’s widow, aged 65.

186; 2. ; Fulbourn. Pop. 6537. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera occurred August
28th, at Ditton, in a labourer’s son, aged 4 months.
Next case at Chesterton, October nth, a labourer,
aged 58. Last case at Horningsea, October 13th,
a labourer, aged 26, after an attack of 24 hours.

186; 3. ; Great Shelford. Pop. 6686.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1. — This case occurred at Grant-
chester, on September 1st, a bricklayer’s daughter,
aged one.

187; 1. Cambridge; St. Andrew the Less.

Pop. 9486. — Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 14. First case of cholera
occurred at Broad-street, August 9th, a booth-
keeper at fairs, aged 39 ; the next August 30th, at
East-road, a cowkeeper, aged 62, after an attack of
22 hours ; the third and last case took place at Fitz-
roy-street, September 24th, a shoeing-smith, aged 60.
Of the 14 diarrhoea cases, 8 were under 2 years of
age. and 2 above the age of 70.

187; 2. ; Great St. Mary. Pop. 4795. — ■ —

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — The cholera case occurred
September 19th, at Trumpington-street, St. Botolph,
a baker, aged 49.

187 ; 3. ; Great St. Andrew. Pop. 5761. —

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 7. — The cholera case occurred at
Ely-place, September 2nd, a tax-collector, aged
45. Of the 7 diarrhoea cases, 5 were of children
under the age of one year.

187; 4. ; St. Giles. Pop. 4411. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5.

188 ; 1. Linton; Duxford. Pop. 3966. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 5. — The following are the ages of the 5
persons who died of diarrhoea: 80, 78, 14, one, and
one.

188; 2. ; Linton. Pop 4762. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — This cholera case occurred in the Union
workhouse, August 31st, a labourer, aged 49. The
deaths from diarrhoea were of children under the age
of one.

188; 3. 4 Balsham. Pop. 4232. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 5. — The cholera case occurred at Balsham,
September 14th, a shoemaker’s daughter, aged 2.
Of the diarrhoea cases, 3 occurred at Balsham and
2 at West VV ratting, 4 were under the age of 2, and
one aged 39.

189; 1. Newmarket; Clieveleij. Pop. 5720 —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 3. — These were all children under
2 years of age.

189; 2. ; Newmarket. Pop. 5825; Choi, o;

Diarr. 6. — Two of the cases occurred at the Union
workhouse, Exning.

189 ; 3. ; Bottisliain. Pop. 3228. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 5. — The first 2 cases occurred January 12th,
at Upware, in Swaffham Prior, the daughters of an
engine-driver, aged 11 and 7 : on the 19th of the same
month, an engine-worker’s son died, aged 8. No
other fatal case of cholera is recorded until July 13th,
when a labourer’s wife died at Swaffham Bulbeck,
aged 49. The last case occurred on July 20th, at
Swaffham Prior, a clerk’s wife, aged 36. Of the 5 I

diarrhoea cases, 3 are above the age of 50 and 2
under the age of one.

189; 4. Newmarket; Gazeley. Pop. 3272. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

189; 5. ; Soham. Pop. 9316. Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Of the 5 diarrhoea cases, 4 are under 2
years of age, and one (a farmer’s wife) aged 69.

190; 1. Ely; Haddenham. Pop. 3960. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. 4. — These were the deaths of persons aged
68, 25, 18, and 11 years respectively.

190; 2. ; Sutton. Pop. 3839. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

19°; 3. ; Ely. Pop. 6783.— Choi. 3;

Diarr. 2. — First case of cholera occurred September
r2th, at Bug’s Hill, Ely, St. Mary, a single woman,
aged 41, after an attack of 26 hours’ duration.
The next case September 26th, at the Union
workhouse, a pauper, aged 57, formerly a grocer.
Last case occurred also in the Union workl muse,
October 10th, a female, aged 79, after an attack of
30 hours’ duration.

190; 4. ; LJttleport. Pop. 3514. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Four were children under 2 years of age,
the other a person aged 77.

x 9 1 ; r. North Witchford ; Chatteris.

Pop. 7928. — Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 10.— First 2 cases
of cholera occurred in the Union workhouse, March
6th and 7th, labourers, aged 39 and 52. No other
fatal case occurred until October 7th, when a labourer
died, aged 25, after an attack of 12 hours’ duration.
Of the 16 cases, 11 took place at Welches Dam.
8 cases occurred during the month of October, and

3 in November. Last case, November nth, at
Welches Dam, a labourer’s daughter, aged 3.

191 ; 2. ; March. Pop. 6805 ;

Choi. 69 ; Diarr. 5. — The whole of these cases
occurred at March during the months of September,
October, and November. The first case of cholera
took place September 1st, a labourer, aged 21, after
an attack of 12 hours’ duration. On the following
day 2 other labourers (aged 32 and 33) died after
an attack of 10 and 19 hours. Of the 69 cases of
cholera, 50 were of labourers and their families. Last
case occurred November 25th, a labourer’s widow,
aged 74, attacked 27 hours.

192; 1. Whittlesey ; Whittlesey. Pop. 6874. —
Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 7. — First case of cholera occurred at
Horsegate, June 12th, a labourer’s wife, aged 64.
The next case was on August 13th, at Briggate, a
widow, aged 21, after an attack of 10 hours’ dura-
tion. Of the 12 cases, 2 occurred at Briggate, and

4 atLatterseyfield. Last case, October 3rd, at Union
workhouse, a labourer, aged 53, after an attack of
12 hours’ duration.

193; 1. Wisbeach; Leverington. Pop. 5148 —
Choi. 22; Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera occurred
at Fen Parson Drove, February 8th, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 3, attacked 16 hours. No other fatal
case is recorded until August 16th, atGuyhirn, when
a labourer’s two daughters died, aged 7 and 5, after
an attack of 16 hours each. Last case occurred
at Leverington September 25th, a labourer’s wife,
aged 44.

193 ; 2. ; Wisbeach St. Peter. Pop. 8530. —

Choi. 80; Diarr. 17. — First case of cholera occurred
August 13th, at Bevis Lane, in a labourer’s daughter,
aged 28, after an attack of 16 hours’ duration.
On August 16th, two other cases occurred, a labourer’s
wife, and a mariner's wife, aged 31 and 21; from
this to the end of September scarcely a day passed
without some deaths being recorded. On September
2nd, 5 cases occurred ; on the 3rd, 6 cases ; 7th, 6
cases ; 8th, 7 cases. The epidemic was now at its

243

in the Counties of Cambridge and Essex.

height, and continued very fatal until the end of
the month ; but not one case occurred after the
30th. It was most fatal in the following localities,
viz., Canalside, Old-horse Fair, North and South
Brink, Elm-road ; and 6 cases in the Union work-
house. Last case occurred September 30th, at
Nettle Bank, a labourer's daughter, aged 4.

193 ; 3. Wisbeach ; Walpnle St. Peter. Pop. 2883.
— Choi. 3; Diarr. o. — First case occurred August
23rd, in a single woman, aged 48, after an attack of
22 hours’ duration. Next case August 26th, a
labourer's wife, aged 67. Last case September 1st,
a farmer’s daughter, aged 8, after an attack of 14
hours, all three deaths took place at West Walton.

193 ; 4. ; Terringlon St. Clement.

Pop. 4408. — Choi, r ; Diarr. 3. — The death from
cholera occurred at Tilney St. Lawrence, September
1st, a labourer, aged 44. Of the diarrhoea cases 2
were of children under 2 years of age, the other a
female aged 18.

I93> 5- Wisbeach; Walsoken. Pop. 5369.

Choi. 27 ; Diarr. 13. — First case of cholera oc-
curred at Walsoken August 25th, in a labourer, aged
48, after an attack of 2 days’ duration. On Septem-
ber 5th 2 fatal cases took place at Kim, a bailiffs son
and daughter, aged 13 and 11. On the 7th, 4 other
deaths occurred at the same place. Of the 27
cholera cases, 15 occurred at Elm, 10 at Walsoken,
and 2 at Enmelh. Last case at Walsoken, October
nth, a labourer, aged 63.

193; 6. ; Upwell. Pop. 5147.- — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 9. — First death from cholera occurred on
January 12th, a labourer's widow, aged 48. No
other cholera case is recorded until October 3rd,
when a labourer’s wife died, aged 53 ; on October
31st, a labourer, aged 27, died after an attack of 14
hours’ duration. November 13th, a labourer, aged
18, after an attack of 40 hours. Last case occurred
November 20th, a labourer, aged 40.

IV. EASTERN DIVISION.

14. ESSEX.

194; 1. West Ham; Stratford. Pop. 7690.

Choi. 64; Diarr. 11. — Cholera had appeared in this
sub-district at the close of 1848, and in January 1849
it proved fatal to three children under 4 years of age.

2 cases were recorded in June, viz., on the 9th and
14th, a labourer, aged 32, and a child, 5. The subse-
quent visitation commenced with the death of a brick-
layer’s wife, aged 25, after 21 hours’ attack, at
Harrow Bridge, on the 24th July; a hawker, 29,
died 2 days after ( inquest ); and on the 30th, 2 cases
occurred in Wood’s-yard, and one (that of a cabinet-
maker, aged 38) in James-place. During August the
epidemic was fatal in New-street, West-street, Far-
ringdon-place, Waterworks-row (in each of which
more than one death took place), and in other
localities. In September 36 deaths from cholera
took place, including several in the places
mentioned, 4 in Laboratory-yard, 3 in East-street,

3 in High-street, and 4 in one family (the children
of a cabinet-maker, all on September 5th), in Strat-
ford-place. 6 cases were recorded in October, the
last being that of a labourer’s son, on the 16th, in
W ater works-row.

194 ; 2. ; West Ham. Pop. 6698. — Choi. 48 ;

Diarr. 10. — The first fatal case of cholera in this sub-
district was that of a sawyer’s wife, after 30 hours’
attack, at Plaistow, June 26th. No other case
was recorded until July 13th, when a female, aged
79, died in the almshouses, West Ham, after 36
hours’ illness. The 3rd death occurred in Greengate-
street, Plaistow, July 30th. During August and
September the epidemic was fatal to 44 persons, in-
cluding 8 (5 of whom were of one family) in Church-
street, West Ham ; 5 at Whitehall-place, Forest Gate-
13 being of one family at No. 3) ; 3 at No. 4 Plaistow
lane, and 2 at No. 19 Baker’s-row. The last case
was that of a labourer’s wife, at East Ham, October
3rd, after 17 hours’ attack.

194; 3. ; Leyton. Pop. 4882. — Choi. 17;

Diarr. 11. — A labourer, aged 20, died from cholera
at Leyton, May 26th (inquest), but no other fatal
cases occurred until July 18th, when a female, aged
25, died at the Union workhouse, after 2 days’ ill-
ness. Diarrhoea was prevalent during August. In
September 5 deaths from cholera were recorded at

Wanstead, 4 at Leytonstone, and one at Leyton. In
October there were 4 deaths from cholera, all at
Wanstead: the last being that of a labourer’s son,
aged 15, on the 27th.

194; 4. West Ham; Walthamstow. Pop. 7650. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 7. — A case described as “ sporadic
cholera” terminated fatally, after 58 hours, at
Woodford, February 21st, a banker, aged 83. 2

deaths from cholera took place in August, viz., a
coach-master, at Salway Hill, Woodford, on the
2nd ; and a shoemaker, at Woodford Bridge, on the
24th. The other cases occurred at Walthamstow, in
September, and were those of a labourer’s son, aged
14, at Chapel-end, and a blacksmith in Wood-street.

rg5; 1. Epping; Chigwell. Pop. 4901.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 4. — The fatal cases of cholera were
as follows : — a draper’s wife, aged 37, at Loughton,
August 1st, after 26 hours’ attack : a policeman's
wife, at Chigwell, August 23rd ; a child in England’s-
lane, Loughton, September 28th, and a labourer’s
daughter, 17, in the Old Road Loughton, October
5 th.

195; 2. ; Epping. Pop. 5423. — Choi. 7;

Diarr. 5. — A death from cholera, that of a labourer,
aged 71, took place in February, at the Union
workhouse, Thoydon Garnon, where 2 fatal cases
occurred on September 20th, and another 2 days
later. The remaining 3 cases were those of a
labourer and 2 females, aged 66 and 75, in Pump-
yard, Epping.

195; 3. ; Harlow. Pop. 5663. — Choi. 9;

Diarr. 8. — Cholera was fatal in this sub-district in
2 localities only, — Fore-street, Harlow, and Latf on-
common, in both of which the first cases occurred
on September 8th, and were those of children 5
years of age. On the following day a female, aged
56, died in Fore-street, and 5 other deaths took
place there shortly afterwards. A brother of the
first case at Latton Common died September 12th.

196; r. Ongab; Bobhingwortli. Pop. 5804.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This case was that of a female,
64, at High Ongar, August 24th.

196; 2. ; Chipping Ongar. Pop. 3997.

Choi. 2; Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera were as
follows: — September 18th, a chair-maker, 67, at the
Anchor public-house, Chippiug Ongar ; and on De-
cember 8th, a female, 57, at Abridge, after 30 hours’

R 2

244

Notes on Cholera

illness. The Registrar states that “ the poor cottages
were visited by the parochial officers, and offensive
nuisances removed, doubtless with much benefit.”

197; r. Romford; Romford.. Pop. 8038.

Choi. 68; Diarr. 13. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district at Beacontree Heath, Dagenham, on
July 30th, when a labourer's son, aged 14, died
after 13 hours' attack. The next 2 cases occurred in
the same family, in Wood-lane, Dagenham, August
13th, and 3 other deaths occurred there a few days
afterwards. In Romford the first fatal case was that
of a labourer, 77, at the workhouse, August 17th;
followed by 2 deaths in Collier-row. The epidemic
prevailed in this town during September, and, in a
lesser degree, throughout October. In the first week
of September it broke out with great virulence in
Well-yard ; 4 persons died there on the 2nd, and 2
on the following day. Other localities also furnished
several deaths, viz., Dog-lane 2, High-street 1 1, Sun-
yard 6 (including a labourer and his 2 children,
September 14th), Collier-row 4, Balls-yard 2 (a brick-
layer and his wife, September 19th). The last case
recorded was on September 29th, in Dagenham
parish, where 25 deaths from cholera had previously
taken place.

197; 2. ; Ilford. Pop. 4500. — Choi. 59;

Diarr. 12. — A labourer died from cholera (17 hours),
after fever, on March 14th, in Union-court, Great
Ilford. No other case was recorded until July
23rd, when cholera proved fatal to a gentleman,
aged 77, at the Angel Inn, 24 hours after the com-
mencement of the attack. In August and September
the epidemic was fatal in Back-street (16 deaths),
Sams-green, Philpots-yard, Chapel-row, Woods-row,
Cottage-row, White-row, the Grove, and in other
parts of Ilford. Six cases terminated fatally at Bark-
ingside. The last case recorded in the sub-district
was that of a female, 72, in the Grove Ilford, Sep-
tember 23rd. The deaths from diarrhoea were, with-
out exception, those of very young children, chiefly
in July and at the beginning of August.

197; 3. ; Barking Town. Pop. 4218.

Choi. 29 ; Diarr. 5. — A death from cholera, that of
a fisherman’s wife, took place in Barking on
February 19th, after an attack of 24 hours. The
disease was not again fatal in the sub-district until
July 12th, on which day a fisherman, aged 45, died
on board a vessel in the River Thames, after 18 hours’
illness; and 4 days later another fisherman died, in
Prince Regent's-court. 3 other deaths from cholera
occurred in July, 9 in August, and 13 in September,
chiefly fishermen and their families. The last case
recorded was that of a labourer, 35, in Fisher-street,
October 1st, after being ill only 8 hours. Amongst
the victims of the epidemic in Barking were 6 in
Heath-street, 7 in Axe-street, 6 in Fisher-street, and
2 in Hart-street.

197; 4. ; Hornchurch. Pop.'545o. — Choi. 7;

Diarr. 13. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-district
on August 25th, when a labourer’s wife, aged 75,
died at Great Warley. The next case was that of a
female, 59, at Hornchurch, 2 days afterwards. The
other deaths from the epidemic, were 2 at Rainham,
2 at Upminster, and one at Great Warley. Diarrhoea
was fatal to 11 children and 2 aged persons.

198; r. Orsett; Grays. Pop. 5322. — Choi. 13 ;
Diarr. xr. — A death from cholera occurred in Ja-
nuary, at Grays, a sailor, aged 22 (inquest'). No
other case was recorded until August 2nd, when
a labourer’s wife, aged 50, died after 12 hours’
attack. With the exception of 2 deaths at South
Ockendon, the mortality from cholera in this sub-
district was confined to Grays, and occurred almost

entirely amongst the labouring population of that
parish.

198; 2. Orsett ; Orsett. Pop. 4834. — Choi. 15 ;
Diarr. 3. — The first fatal cases of cholera in this sub-
district occurred in J uly, viz., on the 2 3rd, a labourer’s
wife, aged 19, after 14 hours attack, and on the 27th,
a labourer, 59, attacked 9 hours, both at Orsett. The
epidemic proved fatal to another person at Orsett, to
a bargeman, and a labourer in the Union workhouse,
5 persons at Mucking, 3 at Fobbing, one at Slan-
ford-le-Hope, and one (the last case recorded, Octo-
ber 14th) at Bulpham.

199; 1. Billericay; Brentivood. Pop. 6377 . —
Choi. 1; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera was that of
a female, 62, in James’ s-place, Brentwood, Septem-
ber 9th.

199 ; 2. ; Great Burstead. Pop. 5072.

Choi. 3; Diarr. 3. — The deaths from cholera were
those of a labourer’s wife, 20, on August 25th,
after 30 hours' attack ; a child, 4, September 13th;
and a chemist, 36, 2 days later, all at Great Burstead.
Two aged paupers died from diarrhcea in the work-
house.

199 ; 3. ; IVickford. Fop. 2158. — CI10I. o;

Diarr. 1. — An infant.

200; 1. Chelmsford; Ingatestone. — Pop. 6581.
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

200; 2. ; Chelmsford. Pop. 7151. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 3. — The fatal cases of cholera were as follows ;
— September 10th, in Conduit-street, a shoemaker,
46; September 30th, near Baddow-lane, Maulsham,
a labourer, 42, after 15 hours’ attack ; and October
5th, in Duke-street, Chelmsford, female, 53, at-
tacked 24 hours.

^ 200 ; 3. ; Writtle. Pop. 5018. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

200; 4 ■ ; Great Waltham. Pop. 5267.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

200; 5. ; Great Baddow. Pop. 6590.

Choi. I; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera was that of
a person aged 35, at GreaUBaddow, August 8th.

201; 1. Rochford ; Rayleigh. Pop. 5347.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 6. — The first fatal case of cholera in
this sub-district was that of a labourer’s daughter,
aged 8, at Rayleigh, August nth, after 36 hours’
illness. A second death from the epidemic took
place August 24th, followed by one at South Ben-
fleet, 3 days after. In September the deaths of 5
persons at Raleigh, and one at South Benfleet, were
recorded, the last case having occurred in the former
parish on the 29th.

20X ; 2. ; Priltlewell. Pop. 4042.

Choi. 41 ; Diarr. 7. — A case of cholera, that of a
labourer’s child, aged 2, occurred at Prittlewell, Ja-
nuary 6th, after 36 hours’ attack. No other cases
were recorded in the sub-district until July, when a
waterman died, after 16 hours’ illness, at Southend,
on the 5th; a female, aged 60, at Southchurch, 3
days afterwards ; a female, aged 56, and another
W'aterman, aged 27, at Southend, on the 10th and
nth. The next death from cholera took place on
August 2nd, on board a vessel off Southend ;
from this day to September 1 6th (when the last case
occurred, the master of a brig, off Southend) it
proved fatal to 16 persons at Leigh, chiefly fishermen
and their families. 10 at Prittlewell, 4 at Southend,
one at Southchurch, and 4 in vessels.

2or ; 3. ; Rochford. Pop. 3986. — Choi. 20;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-district
August 16th, on which day a baker, aged 63, died
after 23 hours’ illness, at Rochford. The next cases
occurred at Paglcsham, September 3rd and 6th. —
a gentleman, 69, and a mariner’s widow, 75 ; fol-

245

in the County of Essex.

lowed by single deaths at Canewdon and Great
Stambridge. From September 25th all the deaths
recorded took place in the Union workhouse, Roeh-
ford, where 15 persons died from cholera in about
3 weeks.

201 ; 4. Rochford ; Great Watering. Top. 2545. —
Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 1. — With one exception, the whole
of the deaths from cholera were in Great Wakering
parish, where the first case occurred August 2nd,
a labourer’s wife, 20, after 23 hours' attack, followed
by that of a child, attacked 36 hours, on the 3rd.
The epidemic continued to prevail until September
30th, its greatest intensity being from September 6th
(on which day 4 persons died) to the 19th. A
farmer’s wife, 46, died after 30 hours’ attack, at
North Shoebury, September 6th. The principal
mortality was in the families of labourers.

202; 1. Maldon ; Southminster. Pop. 4580.

Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 2. — Cholera appeared in this sub-
district at the close of 1848 and in the early part of
1849. A fatal case occurred at Burnham, February
2nd, a labourer, aged 39, and another at Althorne,
March 8th. The disease re-appeared in September,
at Althorne, where one death took place, followed
by 13 at Steeple, between September 23th and
October 30th.

202; 2. ; Bradwell. Pop. 2754. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 4. — The first death from cholera in this sub-
district was that of a labourer’s daughter, 19, on the
14th July, at Bradwell, in which parish the second
case occurred on the 30th, and another, August 6th.
The epidemic proved fatal to a labourer, ^63, on
August 30th, and to 7 other persons in September,
at Tillingham- The last cases occurred at St.
Lawrence, September 17th and October 2nd.

202; 3. ; All Saints. Pop. 4608. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 6. — The case of cholera was that of a female,
aged 5 3, after 16 hours’ illness, in All Saints, Maldon,
August 16th. Of the deaths from diarrhoea, 4 were
those of infants.

202 ; 4. ; St. Peter. Pop. 5707. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 10. — The fatal cases of cholera in this sub-
district were as follows: — In St. Peter’s, Maldon, a
mariner’s daughter, aged 13, on July 28th ; at Hey-
bridge, another mariner’s child, aged 4, J uly 30th ;
a groom, 66, on September 17th; and a female, 79,
3 days afterwards, both in St. Peter’s ; and an infant,
at Great Totham, September 24th. Diarrhoea was
fatal to 3 persons in the Union workhouse.

202; 5. ; Tollesbury. Pop. 3162. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

203; r. Tendring; St. Osyth. Pop. 6196.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — Both cases of cholera occurred at
Thorrington. A corn-merchant, 49, on September
1st, after 12 hours’ attack ; and a labourer's
daughter, aged 16, September 27th.

203; 2. ; Thorpe. Pop. 6131. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

203 ; 3. ; Harwich. Pop. 3829. — CI10I. 69;

Diarr. 17. — A case of cholera terminated fatally in
24 hours on January 14th, a mariner’s daughter,
aged 14. The next case recorded occurred on
June 18th, a mariner, 44, in King’s Head-street,
after 12 hours’ attack; and on the 30th, another
mariner died on board a vessel in Harwich Harbour.
During the months of July, August, and September,
the epidemic was very prevalent and fatal in Harwich,
chiefly in the families of mariners, fishermen, and
dredgermen. On several days 3 or 4 deaths occur-
red. On August 27th and September 6th the
daily mortality from cholera was 6. 25 persons died

in the week ending September 8th. The parts of
the town in which the epidemic was most fatal were

as follow: — King’s Head-street, 17 deaths; Castle
Gate-street, 12; West-street, 11; Custom House-
alley, 6; Bath-side, 5; King’s Quay-street, 4;
Church-street, 4 ; and on board ships in the Har-
bour, 5. No case of cholera or diarrhoea was
recorded after September 30th.

203; 4. Tendring; Manninqtree. Pop. 5189. —
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 6.

2°3 ; 5. ; Ardleigh. Pop. 4908. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4. — Of these cases 3 occurred at Great Brom-
ley, in October, and terminated fatally, after attacks
of one day in two instances, and 2 days in the
other.

204; 1. Colchester; Colchester First Ward. —
Pop. 7176. Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — The cases of cholera
were those of a policeman, 49, in Magdalen-street,
September 30th, after 3 days' illness, and a labour-
er’s widow, 82, in the same street, October 26th.

204; 2. ; Colchester, Second Ward.

Pop. 5347. — Choi, o; Diarr. 1. — An infant,

204; 3. ; Colchester, Third Ward.

Pop. 5 267. — Choi. 2; Diarr. o. — The first of these
cases occurred in February, in Maidenburgh-streef,
a dressmaker, 18, after 24 hours’ attack ( inquest );
the other at Parson's Heath, Greenstead, September
17th, a hawker, 50, after 4 days’ illness.

205; r. Lexden; Wivenhoe. Pop. 3654.

Chol.o; Diarr. 13. — Of these cases, 11 occurred in
Brightlingsea, chiefly in October, and nearly all in
the families of mariners.

205 ; 2. ; Peldon. Pop. 4366. — CI10I. 2 ;

Diarr. 6. — The cases of cholera were those of a mer-
chant, 78, at East Donyland, October 10th, after
being attacked 24 hours following diarrhoea ; and
a mariner, 58, at Salcot, October 14th, after 32 hours’
attack.

205 ; 3. ; S/anway. Pop. 4125. — Cliol. o;

Diarr. 4. — A labourer, 73, in the Union workhouse
and 3 children at Copford.

205 ; 4. ; Fordham. Pop. 4355. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr, 8. — The case of cholera occurred at Fordham,
January 19th, a labourer’s son, 6, after 24 hours’
attack, preceded by diarrhoea. Of the deaths from
diarrhoea, 4 took place in Great Tey and 2 in
Chapel.

205; 5. ; Dedham. Pop. 4395. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

206; 1. Witham; Kelvedon. Pop. 4090.

Choi. 1 ; Diatr. 4. — The case of cholera occurred
at Rivenhall, July 24th, a gentleman, aged 66, after 2
days’ illness.

206; 2. ; Witham. Pop. 6619. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

206; 3. ; Coggeshall. Pop. 4701. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 8. — The case of cholera was that of a labourer,
aged 55, in Stoneham-street. Great Coggeshall, Oc-
tober 31st, after 3 days’ illness. The 8 cases of diar-
rhoea also occurred in that parish, chiefly in Oc-
tober.

207; r. Halstead; Halstead. Pop. 10325.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 13. — 2 cases of diarrhoea were fatal
in the Union workhouse, Halstead; the others were
chieflv those of children in Halstead parish.

207; 2. ; Hedingham. Pop. 7395. — Chol.o;

Diarr. I.

208; I. Braintree; Pinching field. Pop. 5128. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. r.

208; 2. ; Booking. Pop. 5315- — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

208; 3. ; Braintree. Pop. 5575. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 4.

209; 1. Dunmow ; Stchbing. Pop. 5150,

Cliol. o ; Diarr. 2.

246

Notes on Cholera

209 ; 2. Dunmow; Dunmow. Pop. 5370. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 4.

209; 3. ; Hatfield Broadoak. Pop. 4637. —

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 2. — The 3 deaths from cholera occurred
in White Roothing. The Registrar gives the following
particulars of these cases : — “ A woman and her child
(6 years old) came from West Ham (where it was
at that time very fatal) on the evening of Sep-
tember 8th ; about 2 hours after eating her supper,
the child was attacked with severe and constant
vomiting and purging ; collapse took place the fol-
lowing morning, when they applied for assistance ;
she died oti the same evening, September gth, after
19 hours’ illness. The grandmother of the child,
aged 62, was seized with diarrhoea, and after 3 days’
illness applied for assistance, collapse having begun ;
she died on the morning of September 14th. The
grandfather, aged 6i, was attacked with severe vo-
miting and purging on the 20th. collapse took place
a tew hours after, from which he recovered, but he
died of consecutive fever on September 24th. The
father and mother of the deceased child were attacked
with choleraic symptons, but by timely application
soon recovered. No other deaths from cholera have
occurred.”

209; 4. •; Thaxted. Pop. 4723. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5.

210; i. Saffron Walden ; Neviport. Pop. 5103.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — The death from cholera was
that of a child, aged one year, at Debden, July
22nd, after influenza.

210; 2. ; Saffron Walden. Pop. 8736.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

210; 3. ; Radwinter. Pop. 4991. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

15. SUFFOLK.

2ii;i. Risbridge; Haverhill. Pop. 7063.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 2. — The cases of cholera were all
of children under 10 years of age, at Kediugton,
between May 21st and July 4th.

2X1 ; 2. ; Wichhambrook. Pop. 5163.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

211 ; 3. • ; Clare. Pop 5214. — Choi. O;

Diarr. 5.

212; 1. Sudbury; Bulmer. Pop. 4908. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. 3.

212; 2. ; Bures. Pop. 5820. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

212; 3. — — ; Sudbury. Pop. 7969. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 12. — Of these deaths 4 occurred in the Union
workhouse (aged paupers), and 5 in other parts of
Sudbury parish.

212; 4. ; Melford. Pop. 5280. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Melford, April 19th,
a female, aged 72.

212; 5. ; Hartest. Pup. 6042. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

213; 1. Cosford ; Lavenliam. Pop. 8064.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

213; 2. ; Hadleiqh. Pop. 10174. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3. — Two cases in the Union workhouse, 2 in
Hadleigh, and 2 in Elmsett.

214; 1. Thincoe ; Rougham. Pop. 6304.

Chol.o: Diarr. o.

214; 2. ; Fornham. Pop. 5534.— Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

214; 3. ; Ixworth. Pop. 6197. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

213; r. Bury St. Edmunds; Bur y St. Ed-
munds. Pop. 12338. — Choi. 3; Diar. 4.— The 3 fatal
cases ot ctiolera at Bury were as follows: — a la-
bourer’s wife, 28, in Steel's-yard, Churchgate-street,

January 17th; a draper, 38, in Abbey Gate-street,
June 28th, after 11 hours’ attack; and a female, 35,
at 7 Almsrow, September 26th.

216; 1. Mildenhali. ; Worlington. Pop. 3682.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

216; 2. ; Lahenheath. Pop. 5502. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

217; r. Stow; Walsham-le- Willows. Pop. 5727.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

217; 2. ; Rattlesden. Pop. 6386. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3. — The death from cholera was that of a
labourer, 71, at Onehouse, January 10th, after 18
hours’ attack.

217; 3. ; Stow-Market. Pop. 7565. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 4. — The case of cholera was that of an infant
at Stowmarket, September 9th.

218; 1. Hartismere; Mcndlesham. Pop. 5985.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

218; 2. ; Botesdale. Pop. 5536. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3. — The case of cholera occurred at Redgrave,
June 16th, a harness-maker, aged 26.

218; 3. ; Eye. Pop. 7009. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4. — All in the Union workhouse, Eye, aged
paupers.

219; 1. Hoxne ; Stradbroke. Pop. 8286.

Choi, o; Diarr. 5.

219; 2. -Bennington. Pop. 7510. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 4. — The case of cholera was that of a farmer’s
wife, 29, after childbirth, at Southolt, June 14th.

220; 1. Bosmere ; Coddenlium. Pop. 8860.

Cliol. o ; Diarr. 7.

220; 2. ; Needham Market. Pop. 7661. —

Choi, t ; Diarr. 3. — The case of cholera was that of
a labourer’s child, aged 3, at Bramford, October 25th,
after 24 hours’ attack, with symptoms of incipient
scarlatina.

221; 1. Sam ford ; Cupel, St. Mary. Pop. 6589.
— Choi. 1; Diarr. 5. — The death from cholera
occurred on September 8th, at Burstall, an agricul-
tural labourer, aged 74, after 2 days’ illness.

221; 2. ; Holbrook. Pop. 5224. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera was that of a mariner,
aged 50, at Chelmondiston, on September 1 6 1 h .

222; 1. Ipswich; St. Matthew. Pop. 9841.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 22. — Diarrhoea was epidemic in
this sub-district during August and September, but
assumed the choleraic form in 4 fatal cases only, the
first being that of a mariner, 20, on August 15th, at
the Lock Tavern, St. Peters; the others occurred
respectively in Portman-street, Stoke-street, and
Falcon-street.

222; 2. ; St. Clement. Pop. 7625.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 13. — The 5 deaths from cholera
were as follows: — on July 6th in Fore-street, a
master mariner, 61 ; on August 9th, in Rope lane,
a gentleman’s wife, 44, alter 9 hours’ attack ; on
August 1 2th, in the Wet Dock, St. Clements, a
master mariner ; on the following day, in John-street,
a mariner, 27 ; and on August 16th, in Fore hamlet,
a mariner’s wife, 29. In September 7 fatal cases of
diarrhoea, but none of cholera, were recorded.

222; 3. ; St. Margaret. Pop. 7798.

Cliol. 9 ; Diarr. 24. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district on August 13th, when a mariner, aged
43, died in St. Helens ( inquest ); and 4 days later,
a labourer's widow, 66, in the Rope-walk. The
other 7 cases occurred at intervals until September
19th, after which day no death from cholera was
recorded, although diarrhoea continued prevalent
and fatal. Of the 24 cases of diarrhoea, 14 were those
of children under one year of age.

223; r. Wooubkidge; CarlJ'ord. Pop. 5324. —
Cliol. 1 : Diarr. 5. — The case of cholera occurred at

247

in the Counties of

Plaford, on July 17th, a labourer’s child, aged 2
years.

223; 2. Woodbridge: Colneis. Pop. 5715. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — Both cases of cholera occurred
in the Union workhouse, viz., on August 23rd, the
porter of the institution, aged 44, and two days after-
wards, a labourer, aged 71.

223; 3. ; Woodbridge and Wilford.

Pop. 8275. — Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 6. — The deaths from
cholera were as follows : — on January 2nd, at
Holleslev, a labourer’s child, aged 8; on September
3rd, a labourer, 61, at Boyton ; and on September
10th, an infant at Sutton.

223; 4. ; Woodbridge Out. Pop. 3687. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

224; 1. Plomesgate; Earl Soham. Pop. 2780.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

224; 2. ; Framlingham. Pop. 3616.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

224; 3. ; Wickham Market. Pop. 4119. —

Choi, o : Diarr. o.

224; 4. ; Orford. Pop. 3426. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

224; 5. • ; Aldeburgh. Pop. 3991. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

224; 6. ; Saxmundham. Pop. 3119.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

225; 1. Blything ; Westleton. Pop. 9405

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 12. — The single case of cholera was
that of a labourer, aged 64, at Yoxford, on January
14th, after 5 days’ illness. Diarrhoea was fatal
amongst children and aged persons.

225; 2. ; Halesworth. Pop. 8637. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 4. — The death from cholera occurred on
June 2nd, at Walpole, a labourer, aged 66.

225; 3. ; Wenhaston. Pop. 9279. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 6. — Both cases of cholera occurred at Wren-
tham, viz., on January 3rd, a labourer, aged 74,
and on June 15th, a schoolmaster’s wife, 65.

226; 1. Wangford ; Bungay. Pop. 6886.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 10. — The case of cholera was that
of a child, aged 2, on February 10th, in Bungay,
Holy Trinity, where diarrhoea prevailed amongst
children and persons of advanced ages.

226 ; 2. ; Beccles. Pop. 6974.' — Choi. 9 ;

Diarr. 8. — The first fatal cases of cholera in this
sub-district, were those of 2 children of a blacksmith,
on August 23rd and 24th, at Pudding-moor, Beccles ;
a waterman's wife, aged 62, died on the latter day,
in the same place. Four deaths at Swines-green,

2 being in one family ; one in Peddars-lane, and
one in Smallgate-street, were also recorded.

227; 1. Mutford ; Kessingland. Pop. 3470. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 2.

227; 2. ; Lowestoft. Pop. 7607. — Choi. 23;

Diarr. 6. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-district
in June ; a mariner, aged 51, died on the nth, in
the Infirmary, and another, aged 24, in the work-
house, Oulton, 5 days later. In Lowestoft, cholera
was fatal to a female, aged 49, on August 28th, and
to 8 persons during September ; the last case in the
Mutford district occurred on November 1st, in that
town. The mortality from cholera in the work-
house was 12.

227; 3. ■ ; Gorleston. Pop. 5315. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 2. — The 4 cases of cholera were as follows :
— on September 5th, at South Town, a surgeon’s
wife, aged 75, after 2 days’ illness ; on the following
day a fisherman’s daughter, 14 ; and on September
loth, a fisherman, 58, both at Gorleston ; and on
October 13th, at South Town, a shoemaker’s wife,
aged 74.

Suffolk and Norfolk.

16. NORFOLK.

228; 1. Yarmouth; Yarmouth Southern.

Pop. 10009. — Choi. 17 ; Diarr. 22. After several

fatal cases of diarrhoea in August, the first death
from cholera in the sub-district occurred on the 26th,
in Row No. 102, a mariner, aged 62, after 12 hours’
attack. The next cases were those of a “ beachman”
on September 3rd, in Row 125, and a coal-heaver’s
wife, in Row No. 78, on the following day. The
mortality from cholera was confined almost exclu-
sively to the Rows, two persons in one family died
in Row No. 120, and the same in Row No. 128.
No cases were recorded after October 9th.

228; 2. ; Yarmouth Northern. Pop. 14077.

— Choi. 70 ; Diarr. 22. — Cholera became fatal in
this sub-district 16 days before any case had been
recorded in the foregoing. The first death was that
of a mariner's widow, aged 62, on August 9th, in
Row No. 62 ; followed by that of a ship’s carpenter,
23, in the Market, on the 10th. Two cases were
fatal on the North Quay a few days after, and from
that time until the middle of October the epidemic
was very prevalent, particularly in the Rows, where
the total mortality from cholera was 24, and from
diarrhoea 11. In the workhouse 20 deaths from
cholera took place, and at Fuller’s Hill 8. Of the
70 cases recorded, 46 were those of males, including
16 mariners.

229; 1. Flegg; East Flcgg. Pop. 3291.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — The case of cholera was that of
a labourer’s wife, aged 55, at Caister, September
20th, after 12 hours’ attack.

229 ; 2. ; West Flegg. Pop. 4385. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 5. — The single death from cholera in this sub-
district was that of a labourer’s widow, 77, after 14
hours’ illness, at Martham, September 6th.

230; 1. Tunstead; Ludham. Pop. 3803.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — The cases of cholera occurred at
Potter Heigham, October 8th, a labourer’s child,
after 12 days’ illness, without medical attendance ;
and at Catfield, November 8th, a female, 13, at-
tacked 9 days.

230 ; 2. ; Smallburgh. Pop. 4834. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 6. — The 2 deaths from cholera took place at
Honing, an innkeeper, 53, after 17 hours’ attack, on
October 7th ; and a pensioner, 51, a fortnight later.
At Smallburgh, a daughter of the master of the
workhouse died from diarrhoea and exhaustion, 13
hours, on June 27th.

230 ; 3. ; Stalham. Pop. 4265. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

230; 4. ; North Walsham (or Bacton).

Pop. 2529. — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

231 ; 1. Erpingham ; North Walsham. Pop. 6953.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — The case of cholera was that
of a brewer’s daughter, 27, at North Walsham,
September 17th, after 3 days’ illness.

23r; 2. ; Cromer. Pop. 6744. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Three infants and 2 aged females.

231 ; 3. ■; Holt. Pop. 6810. Chol.o; Diarr.2.

232; 1. Aylesham ; Eynsford. Pop. 9486.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

232; 2. ; Buxton. Pop. 10570.— Choi. 21;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera broke out in Buxton about the
middle of September ; the first fatal case was that of
a labourer, 21, “after a night of intemperance,” on
the 15th ; and on the following day two children of
a bricklayer died, after being attacked “ without pre-
monitory symptoms,” 20 and 26 hours. A fourth
case occurred in Buxton on the 18th, followed by
5 deaths in one family, a carpenter, his sister, and
3 children. In October the epidemic appeared at

248

Notes on Cholera

Coltishall, where 8 deaths occurred ; 3 others were
recorded at Buxton and one at Belaugh.

233; 1. St. Faiths; St. Faiths. Fop. 5708.

Choi, o; Diarr. o.

233; 2. ; Sprowston. Pop. 5837. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. o. — These cases were as follows : — at Hor-
stead, October 3rd, a labourer’s daughter, 4, after 12
hours’ illness ; at Sprowston, October 21st, a pen-
sioner, 55 ; and the rest at Wroxham, a labourer’s
wife, 37, and 3 children (2 of the same family), all
in October.

234; 1. Norwich; Coslany. Pop, 11942.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 21. — The following are the particu-
lars of the 4 cases of cholera : — On the 29th of
August, in Infirmary-road, St. Clements, the daugh-
ter of a hawker, aged 4 years, after 6 hours’
attack; September 19th, in St. John’s Head-yard,
a shoemaker’s daughter, 7, ill 22 hours; and on
October 27th, a single woman, 21, after 3 days’ ill-
ness ; and a weaver, 32, after 7 hours’ attack, both
in Distillery-yard, St. Mary. Of the 21 deaths
from diarrhoea, 17 were those of children, and 3 of
aged persons.

234; 2. ; East Wymer , Pop, 12274,

Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 28, — The first case of cholera re-
corded in this sub-district was that of a servant girl,
aged 14, on September nth, in Two Brewers’ Yard,
after 12 hours’ illness. A second fatal case occurred
10 days later in Fisbgate-street, followed by 2 in
Pig-lane, the children of a weaver. In October
cholera was fatal to 4 persons in Queen’s Head-yard,
2 in Le Neves-yard, one in Magdalene-street, and
one (the last in the sub-district, on the 30th) in
Cock-yard. Diarrhoea was fatal exclusively amongst
children and aged persons.

234; 3. ; Conisford. Pop, 11050. — Choi, 4;

Diarr. 21. — The 4 cases of cholera were as follows :
— on September 16th, in St. Peter Southgate, a
shoemaker's wife, 35 ; September 27th, in St.Ethel-
dred, another shoemaker’s wife, 38, after 16 hours’
illness ; October 8th, a tailor, 58, attacked 36 hours,
and 4 days later his wife, alter 3 days’ illness, in St.
Julian parish (particular streets not stated in the
registers). Of the 21 cases of diarrhoea, 15 were
those of children under 2 years of age.

234; 4. ; Mancroft. Pop. 13379 — Choi. I ;

Diarr. 14. — The single case of cholera in this sub-
district was that of an umbrella-maker’s daughter,
11, in Row No. 21, Lakenham. July 28th, 9 infants
under one year, 4 aged persons, and one adult died
from diarrhoea.

234; 5. ; West IVymer. Pop. 13201.

Choi. 17; Diarr. 15. — Cholera was chiefly fatal in
the part of this sub-district called Cockey-yard. where
a warper's wife, aged 31, died 18 hours after being
first attacked, on September 3rd, and her daughter, af-
ter 18 hours’ attack, 4 days afterwards ; and by Sep-
tember 16th, 7 other persons (all females) had fallen
victims to the epidemic in that place. Cases were
also recorded in Osborn’s-yard, Church-alley. Lower
Westwieh-street (2). the workhouse (1), and City-
road, Heigham: the last being that of a weaver’s
widow, aged 61, in Lord Camden-yard, November
2nd.

235; r. Forehoe; Costessy. Pop. 4318.

Choi. 3; Diarr. 1. — The cases of cholera were as fol-
lows:— on October 3rd, at Bawbmgh, a bricklayer,
aged 42. after 14 hours' illness; on the 16th at Col-
ton. a labourer, 24, cholera followed by typhoid
fever, 11 days; and on the 22nd, also at Colton, a
shoemaker’s daughter, 5. after 8 hours’ attack.

235; 2. ; Wymondham. Pop. 9212.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

236; i. Henstead ; Humbleyard. Pop. 5840. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera was that of
a farm-servant, aged 20, at Colney, September 22nd.

236; 2. ; Henstead. Pop. 5541. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

237; 1. Blofield ; Blofield. Pop. 5310.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

237, 2. ; South Walsham. Pop. 5245.

Choi, o ;- Diarr. 4.

238; 1. J-oddon; Aldcby. Pop. 4977. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 1.

238; 2. ; Loddon. Pop. 5015. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

238; 3- ; Woodton. Pop. 4480 — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 1. — The cases of cholera were as follows: —
on March 15th, at Ditchingham, a labourer, aged 32 ;
and on October 8th, at Seething, a charcoal burner,
29.

239; 1. Dktwade; Har/eston. Pop. 5973.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

239; 2. ; Diss. Pop. 7093. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

239; 3- ; Stratton. Pop. 6456. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

239; 4. ; Forncctt. Pop. 6067. — Choi, i;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Carleton-rode on
September 17th, a labourer’s wife, aged 47, after 4
days’ illness.

240: i. Guiltcross; Banham. Pop. 5805. —
Chol.o; Diarr. o.

240; 2. ; Kenninyhall. Pop. 6159. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

241; i. Way-rand; Attleborough. Pop. 5216. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

241; 2. ; Watton. Pop. 5946. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

242; 1. Miti ord; Shipdham. Pop. 3138.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

242; 2. ; Muttishall. Pop. 4630. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

242:3. — — ;j Bamdeswell. Pop. 3471

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

242; 4. ; East Bereham. Pop. 6944.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

242: 5. ; Lilcham. Pop. 5456. — Choi. 20 ;

Diarr. 1. — Cholera was epidemic in this sub-district
throughout the month of January. On the 3rd, a
labourer’s child, aged 3, died at Mileham, after 3
days’ illness, and on the following day the disease
proved fatal to a shopkeeper’s wife, at Tittleshall.
The whole of the subsequent deaths from cholera
occurred between the 6th and 31st of Januarv, and,
with one exception, at Mileham, no less than 6 cases
having terminated fatally in that parish on one day',
January 23rd. On t Me 14th. a labourer, 57, died at
East Lexham. All the deaths, except that at Tittle-
shall, were those of labourers and their families,

242; 6. ; North Elmham. Pop. 4833.

Choi. I ; Diarr. o. — This case occurred on January
6th, at Colkirk, a labourer, aged 57, after 26 hours’
attack.

243; 1. Walsingham ; Fahenham. Pop. 6814.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

243; 2. ; Walsingham. Pop. 6629.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

243 > 3- ! Well*. Pop. 75 r 7. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

244; 1. Docking; Burnham. Pop. 6:59.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

244; 2. ; Snettisham. Pop. 5292. — Chol.o;

Diarr. I.

244; 3. ; Docking. Pop. 5376. — Choi. 17;

Diarr. 1. — Epidemic cholera appeared in this sub-

in the Counties of Norfolk and Wilts.

district at the commencement of the year, but was
fatal in 2 only of the 13 parishes comprised in it,
viz., East and West Rodham. The first case re-
corded was that of a labourer's wife, aged 48, at
West Rudham, January 5th, followed by 4 other
deaths in that parish, and 12 in East Rudham,
where the last took place February 13th. Of the
17 cases, 11 were in the families of labourers. East
and West Rudham are situated inland, contiguous
to each other.

245 ; 1. Freebridce Lynn ; Hillinyton.

Pop. 4114.- — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

245 ; 2. ; Gayton. Pop. 4289. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. I.

245; 3. — ; Middleton. Pop. 2147. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. o.

245; 4. ; Castle Rising. Pop. 2030.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

246; r. Kings Lynn; Kings Lynn North.
Pop. 4857. — Choi. 2; Diarr. 1. — The cases of cho-
lera were those of a corn-porter’s wife, aged 49, in
Pilot-street, after 7 days’ illness, on January 1st, and a
labourer, 68, in North-street, on the following day.

246; 2. ; Kings Lynn Middle. Pop. 5652.

— Choi, o ; Diarr. 11. — Of these cases 4 were persons
upwards of 70 years of age, and the rest children.

246; 3. ; Kings Lynn South. Pop. 6045. —

Choi, o; Diarr. 7.

247 ; 1. Downham ; Wiggenhall. Pop. 6065.—
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 4. — The deaths from cholera were
as follows : on January 7th, a labourer's son, aged
7, at Willenhall, St. Mary Magdalen ; on September

249

7th, in the same parish, a labourer, 33 ; and on Sep-
tember 16th, at Holme, a carpenter’s wife, 27.

247 ; 2. Downham ; Downham. Pop. 82go.-Chol. 4;
Diarr. 3. — The following are the particulars of the
4 cases of cholera : on May 26th, at Downham, a
labourer, aged 53 ; on September 17th, a labourer’s
child, 2, at Fordham ; on September 24U1, a la-
bourer’s wife, 35, in the same parish; and on Oc-
tober 3rd, a labourer’s widow, 60, at Denver ( in-
quest)1 .

247; 3. ; Fincham. Pop. 4847. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

248; 1. S waff ham ; Swaffham. Pop. 6139.

Choi. 4; Diarr. o. — These cases were as follows : on
January 19th, at Newton by Castleacre, a labourer,
32, after 6 days’ illness ; on January 23rd and Feb-
ruary 4th, 2 sons of labourers, aged 14 and 5, at the
same place ; and on February 4th, a labourer, 58, at
Narburgh.

248; 2. ■; Saham Toney. Pop. 6947.

Choi. 2; Diarr. 1. — The cases of cholera were those
of a labourer's son, aged 5, at Necton, April 22nd,
and a bricklayer’s wife, 68, at Asliill, May 31st.

249; 1. Tiietford; Methwold. Pop. 8321.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera occurred at
Methwold, July 24th, a labourer’s widow, aged 47.

249 ; 2. ; Thetford. Pop. 9220. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 7. — The deaths from cholera were those of a
labourer, aged 46, on October 3rd, af;er 14 hour.-.’
attack, and a publican’s wife, 43, on October 6th,
after 19 hours' illness, both in Bridge-street, Thet-
ford.

V. SOUTH WESTERN DIVISION.

17. WILTSHIRE.

250; 1. Highwortii; Higliworth. Pop. 7461.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

250; 2. ; Swindon. Pop. 8098. Choi. 2;

Diarr. I. — Two persons, a glazier’s son aged 3, and a
fireman aged 28, died of cholera at New Swindon.
251; 1. Cricklaue; Wootton Bassett. Pop. 7027;
j, Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 2. — Four labourers’ children, aged 3, 4,
|! 5, and 8, died of cholera at Broadtown-lane, ClifFe

I Pypard, August 3rd and 5th.

251; 2. ; Cric/clade. Pop. 6168. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 6. — This case of cholera occurred at Pivenhill
Purton, a labourer’s son, aged one, June 30th.

252 ; 1. Malmesbury ; Malmesbury, Eastern.

Pop. 7956. — Choi. o. Diarr. 3.

252; 2. ; Malmesbury, Western. Pop. 6758.

— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4.— This case of cholera was of a
mechanic, aged 24, at Sopworth, August 25th, alter
17 hours’ illness.

253; 1. Chippenham; Castle Combe. Pop. 3173.
— Choi. O ; Diarr. 3.

253; 2. ; Corsham. Pop. 8028.— Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

253 i 3- ; Chippenham. Pop. 8470. — Choi. 13 ;

Diarr. 9. — All these deaths from cholera in Chip-
penham occurred in September, except the first case
on August 29th, and the last, October 3rd, amongst
labourers, blacksmiths, sawyers, and weavers, in

II Wood-lane, Church-yard, Cottage-place, Nelson-place,
New-town, and the workhouse. Scarlatina was also

jj epidemic.

253 ; 4. ; Christian Malford. Pop. 3627.

]! Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o.— A labourer's wife, aged 32, at
Christian Malford, August 2nd.

254; 1. Calne ; Caine. Pop. 9324. Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

255; 1. Marlborough ; Marlborough. Pop. 9236.
— Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 4. — All these deaths from cholera
occurred in Broad Town Lane, Broad Hinton, in the
families of labourers, in August, September, and
October, except one, a gentleman aged 76, in the
Iligh-street, St. Peter’s.

256; 1. Devizes; Bishops Cannings. Pop. 4251.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. I. — This death from cholera was
that of a single woman, aged 30, at Chiston, February
3rd.

256; 2. ; Lavington. Pop. 5968. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera took place
on the 26th January, at Easterton market, Lavington,
a labourer, aged 40 ; all the other cases occurred in
September, abo at Market Lavington, except a la-
bourer, aged 44, at Erchfont, August 8th. The last
death from cholera was on November 22nd.

256; 3. ; Bromham. Pop. 4994- — Choi. 25;

Diarr. 6. — All these cases of cholera occurred at
Potterne, most of them in August, amongst labourers
and their families.

256; 4. ; Devizes. Pop. 6916. — Choi. 31;

Diarr. o. — These were labourers and their children,
all from cholera, in Lavington-yard, Magpie-alley,
Balance-row, and Sllort-street, St. John s and St.
Mary’s, in August and September.

257 ; 1. Melksham ; Melksham. Pop. 6856.

Choi, o; Diarr. 6. — All these cases of diarrhoea oc-
curred in the workhouse, 4 children and 2 fema'es
aged 77, in January, April, September, November,
and December.

257 ; 2. ; Trowbridge. Pop. 12023. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 16. — This case of chulera was of a shearman’s

Notes on Cholera

250

son, aged io, June 23rd, in Stallard-street. The
diarrhoea cases were dispersed over the year from
January to December.

258; 1. Bradford; Bradford, South Eastern.
Pop. 7963. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 13. — A labourer, aged
23, and a clothworker, aged 51, both died of cholera
in Avoncliffe workhouse, December 10th, where most
ot’ the diarrhoea cases occurred also.

258 ; 2. ; Bradford , North Western. Pop. 5416.

— Cliol. 5 ; Diarr. 3. — All these deaths from cholera
were of children, except a widow, aged 70, in the
parish of Bradford, in September. A brother and 2
sisters died of cholera 111 Church-street, an engine-
man’s children.

259; 1. Westbury; Bradley. Pop. 2734.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — A labourer, aged 31, at Ditton
Marsh, October 5th, and a labourer, aged 19, at Union
workhouse, December nth.

2 $ 9 ; 2. ; Edington. Pop. 3807. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

259 ; 3. ; Westbury. Pop. 6859. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 5, — These deaths from cholera took place on
October 5th and December nth, at Ditton Marsh,
and the workhouse, Westbury : they were labourers,
aged 31 and 19 respectively.

260; r. Warminster ; Warminster. Pop, 8259. —
Cliol. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — A female vagrant, aged 26, Union
workhouse, August 2nd, and a labourer, aged 35, at
Norridge, Upton Scudamore, September 24th, from
cholera.

260; 2. ; Eongbridge Deverill. Pop. 4349. —

Choi. 4; Diarr. 1. — These cases of cholera occurred
111 June, July, and September, all at Longbridge
Deverill.

26c; 3. ; Heytesbury. Pop. 4501. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

261; i.Pewsey; Netheravon. Pop. 5463.

Cliol. o ; Diarr. 8.

261; 2. ; Pewsey. Pop. 6796. — Choi, 1 ;

Diarr. 5. — This case of cholera was in a labourer’s son,
aged 2, at Burbage, June 20th ; 2 cases of cholera
occurred herein October and November, 1848.

262 ; 1. Amesbury ; Orcheston. Pop. 2166. — —
Choi, o : Diarr, o.

262 ; 2. ; Amesbury. Pop, 3768. — Cliol. o ;

Diarr. r.

262; 3. ; Winterbourne. Pop. 1772. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This case of cholera was in a labourer’s
wife, aged 49, at Idmiston, July 14th, after 12 hours’
illness.

263; 1. Aldkrbury ; Alderbury. Pop. 4385.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — A blacksmith, aged 69, at Alder-
bury, July 15th, of cholera.

263 ; 2. ; Bownton. Pop. 4892. — Choi. 9 ;

Diarr. 1. — Labourers and their wives, & c., at Downton,
in July, August, and September. The first cholera
case July 20th.

263; 3. ; Britford. Pop. 4897. — Choi. 17;

Diarr. 14. — These cases of cholera were principally
labourers at Fisherton Anger and Milford. The first
case was an M.D., aged 29, in the Close, July 24th.
A lady also died of cholera in the Close, August
9th.

264; 1. Salisbury ; Salisbury. Pop. 9490.

Choi. 165 ; Diarr. 30. — The first case of cholera
registered here was on the nth July; the epidemic
prevailed in July, August, and September in Milford-
street, Castle-street, Church-street, Bedwin-street,
Scots-lane, and Bugmore Hospital, St. Edmund’s, St.
Martin’s, and St. Thomas’s. Two children belonging
to a maltster (brother and sister) died in Chipper-lane,
aged 2 and 3, on July 10th ; 2 children, a jeweller’s
son and daughter, aged 4 and 6, in Bedwin-street,

July 19th ; a shoemaker, aged 34, and his 2 children,
aged 2 and 11, in Ivy-street, July 26th.

265 ; 1. Wilton; Wilton. Pop. 5456. — Choi. 7 ;
Diarr. 1. — These cases of cholera, all adults but one,
occurred in Wilton, North-street, South-street, West-
street, and Kingsbury-square, in August.

265; 2. ; Bishopstone. Pop. 4872. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 1. — 3 labourers’ wives and 2 children, all at
Ditchampton, parish of Burcombe, July 20th, 30th
and 31st, of cholera. ’

266 ; 1. Tisbury; Donhead. Pop. 4238. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. o. — A shoemaker's wife, aged 38, at Berwick,
St. John’s, February 7th, and a farmer's widow, at
Tollard Royal, September 4th.

266; 2. ; Tisbury. Pop. 3306. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

266; 3. ; Hindon. Pop. 2551. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

267; 1. Mere; Mere. Pop. 8498. Choi, o;

Diarr. 8.

18. DORSETSHIRE.

268; 1. Shaftesbury; Shaftesbury. Pop. 5231. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

268; 2. ; Fontmell. Pop. 3294. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

268; 3. ; Gillingham. Pop. 4581. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

269 ; 1. Sturminster; Stalbridye. Pop. 4448.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

269 ; 2. ; Sturminster. Pop. 5759. — Cliol. o;

Diarr. o.

270; 1. Blanuforo ; Milton Abbas. Pop. 5671. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

270; 2. ; Blandford. Pop. 8224. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

271; 1. Wimborne; Cranborne. Pop. 7129.

Choi, o; Diarr. 5.

271; 2.. ; Witchampton. Pop. 3710.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

271; 3. ; Wimborne. Pop. 5110. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

272; 1. Poole; Canford. Pop. 1814. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

272 ; 2. ; Poole. Pop. 8236. Choi, 31 ;

Diarr. 3. — The 31 deaths registered in Poole appear
chiefly in the families of fishermen, mariners, and
mechanics; the duration of the attack is stated to be
from 8 hours to 4 days; it is not stated to have been
preceded by diarrhoea. The first death registered from
cholera was on June 1 6th, a master-mariner’s wife,
aged 39,011 the Quay, after 16 hours’ illness. The
last registered was on J uly 30th, a female tramp, aged
47, in Fountain-lane, ill 4 days. Two children, brother
and sister, aged 11 and 12, (lied in the High-street.

272; 3. ; Lytchett. Pop. 2026. — Choi, o;

Diarr, 1.

273 ; 1. Wareham ; Swanage. Pop, 3581,

Choi, 1 ; Diarr. 3. — A mariner, aged 40, in the parish
of Swanage, July 4th, from cholera.

273 ; 2. ; Corfe Castle. Pop. 2409. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. r.

273; 3. ; Wareham. Pop. 5678. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

273 i 4’ i Berc Ilegis. Pop. 4872. — Choi, o;

Diarr. r,

274; 1. Weymouth; Upway. Pop. 3541.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A gardener’s son, aged 8, at
Upway, August 12th.

274; 2. ; Weymouth. Pop. 10290. — Choi. 56;

Diarr. 22. — Fisheimen, sailors, mechanics, and
labourers’ families were those chiefly attacked by
cholera. Four brothers, sons of a blacksmith, at 2

251

in the Counties of Dorset and Devon.

Chapel-vow, aged 2, 5, 7, and 10, August 10th and
1 2th ; 3 sons and a daughter of a Custom’s officer,
aged 8, 7, 3, and 18 months, at 10 Union-place,
Wyke Regis, August 13th and 31st, September 2nd
and 3rd; a whitesmith’s son and daughter, aged 9 and 5,
Hope-street, September lothand nth; a sailor’s son and
daughter, aged 7 and 4, in Hope-street, September
7th and 9th ; 2 cases registered at Chesil Portland
in August, a labourer, aged 70, and a girl, aged 9.
The first death registered from cholera in Weymouth
was on August 12th, a coal-porter, aged 70, after
24 hours’ illness, in Nicholas-street.

274; 3. Weymouth; Isleof Portland. Pop. 2852. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — These 2 cases of cholera occurred
at Chesil, on August 13th and 16th, a labourer, aged
72, and a labourer’s daughter, aged 9.

274; 4. ; Abbotsbury. Pop. 2011, — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

275 ; 1. Dorchester ; Dorchester. Pop. 6926.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera took
place on August 17th, a labourer, aged 21, in Mill-
street, Fordington, where all the deaths occurred, ex-
cept 2 at Holloway-row and one at Bohmston Stinsford.

275; 2. ; Piddletown. Pop. 3867, — Choi. 3;

Diarr. o. — Two cases of cholera at Piddletown, wile
and daughter of a labourer, in September ; and a
carpenter, aged 31, at Stafford.

275 ; 3. ; Maiden Newton. Pop. 5329.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

275 ; 4. ; Cerne. Pop. 7259. Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

276; 1. Sherborne; Yetminster. Pop. 4041.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A glover's sou, aged 8, at Holnest,
January 12th.

276 ; 2. ; Sherborne. Pop. 4758. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

276; 3- ; Bradford Abbas. Pop. 3443.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

277; 1. Beaminster ; Evershot. Pop. 3088.

Choi, o; Diarr. o.

277; 2. ; Misterton. Pop. 1523. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

277; 3. ; Netherbury. Pop. 5667. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 7.

277; 4. ; Beaminster. Pop. 4834.— Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

278 ; 1. Bridport ; Burton Bradstock. Pop. 4688.
— Choi. I; Diarr. 3. — A labourer, aned 61, at
Bothenhampton, October 20th ; 2 from diarrhoea, at
Burton Bradstock, and one at Walditch.

278; 2. ; Bridport. Pop. 7689. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera took place on
September 5th, Union woikhouse, Bradpole, a labour-
er’s sou, aged 13. Cholera appeared also in South-
street and Kast-sfreet ; 2 brothers, aged 9 and 14,
in Bradpole, in November (weaver’s suns). Small-
pox was epidemic at Bridport in Movembtr.

278 ; 3. ; Whitchurch Canonicorum.

Pop. 4297. — Choi, o; Diarr. 3.

19. DEVONSHIRE.

279; 1. Axminster; Lyme. Pop. 4433.

Choi, o; Diarr. 6.

279; 2. ; Axminster. Pop. 5743. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 3. — A single woman, aged 76, at Ilawk-
church, June 7th, from cholera.

279; 3- ; Chardstock. Pop. 4>-32. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

279; 4. ; Colyton. Pop. 6275. Choi, o;

Diarr. 2,

280; 1. Honiton; Honiton. Pop. 11893.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 5. — A tailor, his wife (each aged

39), and child, at Black Lion Drang, were the 3 first
deaths from cholera ; they occurred on August 26th,
1st and 2nd September ; and a gardener, aged 44, and
a sawyer, 76, in Queen-street and Winkley-court, on
the 5th and 6th September.

280; 2. Honiton; Ottery, St. Mary ,

Pop, 1 1999, Choi, o; Diarr, I,

281; 1. St. Thomas; East Budleigh. Pop. 4620.
— Choi. 2; Diarr. 1. — A labourer, aged 62, at Colaton
Raleigh, February 13th; and a gentleman, 89, at
East Budleigh, September 30th, of cholera.

281; 2. ; Exmouth. Pop. 6118. — Choi., 2 ;

Diarr. 8. — A husbandman’s daughter, aged 4 months,
at Withycombe Rawleigh, on August 3rd ; and a
soldier’s widow, aged 69, in George-street, Withy-
combe Rawleigh, on October 15th, both of cholera.

281; 3. ; Woodbury. Pop. 3809. — Chid I;

Diarr. 1. — A tai' s wife, aged 47, at Woodbury,
September 8th, of cholera,

281; 4. ; Broad-Clist. Pop. 3716. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

281; 5. ; Topsham. Pop. 5149. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

281; 6. ; Heavitree. Pop. 6047. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 4. — The first cases of cholera were a sergeant’s
2 children, aged 3 and 5, at the barracks, August
10th and 18th ; the last a gentleman, aged 53, at
Heavitree, October 9th.

281 ; 7. ; St. Thomas. Pop. 5876. — Choi. 8 ;

Diarr. 7. — First cases of cholera were of a servant
and her husband, each aged 42, at King’s Arms,
Sluice Haven Banks, September 10th. The last cases
were of labourers children, in Wares-buildings and
Cowick-street, in October.

281; 8. ; Alphington. Pop. 4488. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

281; 9. ; Christow . Pop. 1881. — Choi, 1 ;

Diarr, 3. — A carpenter, 43, in Christow, July 27th, of
cholera.

281; 10. ; Kenton. Pop. 5400. — Choi, 3 ;

Diarr. o, — Labourers and their wives, in Kenton
and Powderham ; first death, August 13th, and the
others on the 9U1 and 13th Ociober,

282; 1, Exeter; St. Sidwell. Pop. 17317.

Choi. 11; Diarr. 23. — First case of cholera, March
28th, a pipe-maker’s son, aged 7 months, Black Boy-
road ; 2nd case, May 27th, a porter’s son, aged 5
weeks, in Coombe-street. Diarrhoea also prevailed with
cholera in South-street, Coombe-street, Preston-street,
and in the Union workhouse, in August.

282; 2. ; St. David. Pop. 13995. — Choi. 33 ;

Diarr. 16. — The first case of cholera was in a spinster,
aged 87, in Martin’s-laue, St. Stephen’s, January
22nd. The second case was not recorded till August
13th, a bookseller’s wife, in West St. Mary’s Sieps ;
several deaths occurred in Paul-street West, St.
Cricklepit-lane, St, Mary’s Steps, in August, Sep-
tember, and October. The last case was that of a
labourer, aged 27, in Day’s-court, Frog-lane, St.
Edmund’s, October 30th ; 2 soldiers, each aged 22,
at the barracks, St. David, August 15th.

283; 1. Newton Abbot ; Teignmouth, Pop. 8766.
— Choi, 2 ; Diarr, 10. — A licensed victualler, aged 45,
at Dawlish, March 13th, and a widow, aged 71,
in Workhouse-lane, Shaldon, St. Nicholas, September
22nd, of cholera.

283; 2. ; Chudleigh. Pop, 6602. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 1, — A labourer's daughter, in Mill-lane, July
23rd ; a traveller, aged 24, September 7th ; and a
carpenter’s daughter, October 6th, aged 23, both in
New Exeter-street, both from cholera.

283 ; 3. ’, Moreton Hampstead. Pop. 3437.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

Notes on Cholera

252

283 ; 4. Newton Abbot ; Ashburton. Pop. 7481.
— Cliol. 2 ; Diarr. 2.- — A labourer’s wife, aged 67,
and a stonecutter, aged 24, September 12th and
17th, both at Widdicomb-in-the-Moor, of cholera,

283; 5. ; Newton Abbot. Pop. 8569,

Choi, 7 ; Diarr. 11. — The 7 cases of cholera were of
labourers and their children, at Kingsteinton and
Wolborough, The first case, a printer’s son, August
23rd, at Wolborough ; the last, a labourer’s wife, aged
40, at Kingsteinton, November 5th.

283; 6. ; Torquay , Pop. 9504, — Choi, 72;

Diarr. 15. — The cholera prevailed in labouring
families in Swan-street and Warren-place, in Sep-
tember and October. Tbe first death from cholera
took place September 3rd, a washerwoman, aged 29,
in Swan-street; the last, October 25th, a labourer's
widow, aged 34, at the dispensary. A lodging-house-
keeper and his wife, aged 43 and 48, at Marine-
house, September 15th; and a labourer’s wife and
child, at 3 George-street, October 1st and 5th.

284; 1. Totnes ; Paington. Pop. 3662. — Choi, o ;
Diarr, 4.

284; 2. ; Brixliam, Pop. 6456. — Choi. 75;

Diarr. 8, — Nearly all these deaths from cholera
occurred in Brixbam during the months of September
and October, in the families of fishermen, mariners,
and labourers. The first death from cholera occurred
September 21st, a fisherman, aged 40 ; the last death
on December nth, a labourer’s widow, aged 67 ; both
in Brixbam.

284 ; 3. ; Dartmouth. Pop. 5 782, — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 7.

284; 4. ; Totnes. Pop, 6457. Choi. 20;

Diarr. 1. — Nearly all these deaths from cholera
occurred in the Union workhouse, in September and
October. The first death took place July 27th, a
gentleman’s son, aged 7 months, Plains Totness ; the
last, October 16th, a soldier’s widow, aged 81, in the
Union workhouse.

284 ; 5. ; Buchfastlciyh. Pop. 4591, — Choi, o ;

Diarr, r,

284; 6. ; Ugborough. Pop. 3998. — Cliol. 12;

Diarr. 1. — All these deaths from cholera took place
at South Brent, except one at Ugborough, among
labourers and their families, in July and August.
The first death occurred July 17th, at South Brent, a
labourer, aged 28; the last, August 13th, at Ug-
borough, a labourer's wife, aged 63.

284; 7. ; Harberton, Pop. 3182. — Choi, c;

Diarr. 1,

285; 1. Kingsbridge ; Blachauton. Pop. 2911, —
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — All these deaths from cholera
occurred at Stokefleming ; a labourer and 2 females,
aged 40, 30, and 60. after a few hours’ illness.

285; 2. ; Stohenliam . Pop. 4347. — (hoi. 1;

Diair. o. — A labourer’s wife, aged 44, in Stokenham,
November 18th.

285; 3. ; West Allington. Pop. 4771.

Choi, o ; Diarr 3.

285 ; 4. ; Kingsbridge. Pop_ 4860. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

283 ; . ; Modbury. Pop. 4648. — Choi, 13 ;

Diarr. 45 — All these took place at Mcdbury, among
labouring families, in August and September. The
first death from cholera took place August 26th, a
labourer, aged 54; the last, October 1st, a mason’s
widow, aged 60.

286; 1. Pi.ympton St. Mary; Yealmpton.

Pop. 9839, — Choi, 105; Diarr, 4. — Nearly all these
deaths from cholera occurred in labourers and fisher-
men’s families, the cholera prevailing here in June,
July, August, and September; it was very fatal at
Noss Mayo, ltevelstoke, and also at Newtown Ferrers,

Yealmpton, Ivy Bridge, Ermington, and Oreston
Plymstock. The first case occurred May 17th, at
Noss Mayo, a fisherman, aged 25 ; the last, October
25th, at Torr Newton Ferrers, a labourer's daughter,
aged 2.

286 ; 2. Plympton St. Mary; Flymplon. Pop.
9968. — Choi. 46 ; Diarr, 2. — These deaths from
cholera took place in labouring families, at Cole-
brook-Sutton, Cornwood, and Tamerton Foliott, in
June, July, August, and September. The first death
took place June 25th, at Crabtree-egg, Buckland, a
cooper’s wife, aged 64 ; the last, October 18th, at
Tamerton Foliott, a labourer's daughter, aged 9.

287 ; 1. Plymouth ; Charles-the-Martyr.

Pop. 12956, — Choi. 264; Diarr. 18. — These deaths
from cholera occurred chiefly in labourers and trades-
men’s families in Plymouth, in July, August, andt
September. Tbe first death took place June 25th, a
butcher, aged 73, at 77 Cobourg-street ; the last, October
23rd, at 8 How-street, a labourer’s son, aged one.
Several deaths took place in Cobourg-street, High-
street, Moon-street, Ham-street, Tin-street, Mount-
street, Gasking-street, and How-street. Four deaths
occurred at 19 Moon-street ; a labourer and his
2 children at 12 Jory-street ; a railway porter’s

2 children, aged 3 and 5, at 1 Week-street; alabotiier
and his daughter at 8 Higher-street ; 12 deaths occurred
in this house, and several at Nos. 9, 18, and 235 a
lieutenant, R.N., and his daughter, at 15 Ham-street.
Husbands and wives, brothers and sisters, sometimes

3 and 4 in the same families, fell victims to the
epidemic.

287; 2. ; St. Andrew. Pop. 23564

Choi. 566; Diarr. 31. — These deaths from cholera
occurred chiefly in labourers, mariners, and fisher-
men's families, in June, July, August, September,
and October. The first death from cholera occurred
January 23rd, on board “ The Stebbon Heath
Ship” in the Sound, an emigrant painter and glazier,
aged 41; the 2nd, on June 9th, in Stonebouse-lane,
a labourer, aged 30, where many deaths subsequently
occurred. The last death from cholera occurred Novem-
ber 8th, also in Stonehouse-lane, No. 84, a marine-
store-dealer’s wife, aged 35. 6 deaths from cholera

occurred onboard “The American Eagle” in the
Sound, 3 on board H.M.S. “ Tyne,” one in the
“ Andromeda,” and one in the “ Tarman.” 35 deaths
occurred in Quarry-court and lane. 20 in the Union-
woikhouse, 149 at the Temporary-hospital, Five-
fields, 30 in Stonehouse-lane, and the epidemic
carried off whole families in Union-street, High-street,
Kinterbury-street, Notte-street, Lower-lane, Willow-
street, Cecd-streef, and Manor-street.

288 ; 1. East Stonehouse ; Bast Storehouse.
Pop. 9712. — Choi. 171 ; Diarr. 9. — The first death
from cholera occurred January 31st, in the. work-
house, a mariner's wife, aged 48, and the 2nd death
occurred March 16th, in Fore-street, a private in
marines’ wife, aged 32. The 3rd and 4th cases April
13th and 17th, in Water-lane, a poulterer’s widow, aired
74, and a forage-dealer’s daughter, aged one. The
5th death did not occur until July 2nd, at 68 George-
street, a private of marines’ wife, aged 42. It prevailed
and became very fatal in July, August, September,
and October ; the last death occurred October loth,
at 5 Adelaide-sireet, a cordwainer, aged 56. — 26
deaths occurred at the Hoyal Naval Hospital,
several in Market-lane, Barrack-street, Brownlow-
place, Fore-streer, Clarence-place, and Adclaide-
street ; 35 deaths occurred in Fore-street.

289 ; r. Stoke Damkrel, ; St. Aubyn. Pop. 6207.
— Cliol. 1 1 2 ; Diarr, 15 — Most of these deaths from
cholera occurred amongst the labouring population in

in the County of Devon.

St. Aubyn, in Barrack-street, Cross-street, South-street,
Cherry -gardens, St. Dodges-well, and Fraucis-allev,
all in Devonpoit; it was most fatal in August and
September. The first death from cholera occurred
July 25th, at 6 Barrack-street, an umbrella-maker’s
son, aged 2 ; the last, October 4th, at 5 Market-
lane, a cordwainer’s widow, aged 76.

289 ; 2. Stoke Damerei, ; Clowancc. Pop. 8941.
• — Choi. 122 ; Diarr. 21. — The epidemic prevailed
here in July, August, and September, principally
in labourers and seamen’s families, in Pembroke-
street, Mount-street, George-square, James-street,
Monument-street, Quarry-street, and George-street,
Devonpoit. The first death frem cholera occur/ ed
July 23rd, at 20 Pembroke-street, a seaman’s wife,
aged 25 ; the last, September 22nd, at 3 George-
lane, a sawyer's widow, aged 61 ; 21 of these deaths
occurred in the workhouse.

289; 3. ; Morice. Pop. 8517. — Choi. 253;

Diarr. 12. — The first death from cholera occurred
July 24th, at 12 back of Cornwall-street, Devonp >rt.
a shoemaker, aged 25 ; the last, October 14th, at 105
Fore-street, a butcher's wife, aged 63. The epidemic
prevailed in August, and September, amongst labour-
ers and seamen’s families, in Cornwall-street, Granby-
street, Morice-street, Cannon-street, Marlborough-
street, Geak’s-alley, King-street, Queen-street, and
Princess-street, Devonport ; 56 deaths occurred in
the workhouse.

289; 4. ; Stoke. Pop. 3970. — Choi, 72;

Diarr. 3. — Here the military appear to have suffered
severely. The first death from cholera occurred
July nth, at Pennycomequick, Stoke Damerei, a
labourer’s daughter, aged 4 ; the next occurred July
26th, at 21-Keate’s-place, where 3 deaths occurred, and
the next at the military hospital, where 24 deaths
took place ; 18 in Keate’s-place, and 12 in Boscawen-
place, and several in Tavistock-street,

289; 5. ; Tamar. Pop. 6185 — Choi. 162;

Diarr. 13. — These deaths from cholera were principally
among the labouring population, shipwrights, stone-
masons, and carpenters’ families, &c., in July', August,
and September, in William-street, John-street, Navy-
row, Charlotte-street, Moon-street, Tamar-street, and
Pym-street. First cholera death July 4th, at 139
Navy-row, Stoke D.imerel, a labourer’s wife, aged 50 ;
the last, September 25th, at 10 Moon street, a baker’s
wife, aged 41.

290; 1. Tavistock; Buckland Monachorum.
Pop. 6134 — Choi. 81 ; Diarr. 12. — The first death
registered from cholera in this place occurred April
30th, at Beeralston Beer Ferris, a labourer’s widow,
aged 62, where also the last took place on October 6th,
a miner’s daughter, aged 2, and where they nearly
all occurred in the families of miners and labourers ;
prevailing in August and September.

290; 2. ; Tavistock. Pop. 7777. — Choi. 55 ;

Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera occurred
among labourers and miners’ families in West-
street, Brook-street, Exeter-street, and Elbow-lane.
The first death from cholera in Tavistock was a sur-
geon, aged 46, in West-street, August 24th, an out-
pensioner of Greenwich Hospital having died on the
22nd in the same street of diarrhoea. The last death
occurred October 21st, in King-street, a gardener’s
daughter, aged 2.

290; 3. ; Milton Ablot. Pop. 4914-“

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — September 23rd, a 1 ibourer, aged
62, died at Portington Sydenham Damerei ; a farmer’s
wife, aged 72, at Quither, October 7th, and a labourer’s
wife, aged 43, at Waterfield Lamerion, October 23rd,
of cholera.

290; 4. ; Liflon. Pop. 5170. — Choi. 1;

253

Diarr. o. — On June 19th, a single-woman’s son, aged
20, at Lifton.

291; 1. Okehampton ; Bratton Clovelley. Pop.
2805. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

291; 2. ; Hatherleiyh. Pop. 4389.

Choi, 1 ; Diarr. 1. — A labourer, aged 40, of
cholera, and a labourer’s widow, aged 50, of diar-
rhoea at Inwardleigh, September 15th and 21st.

291; 3. ; Okehampton . Pop. 6133.

Choi. 4; Diarr. o. — Labourers and their wives at
Bright ley, Okehampton, September 4th, 6th, 13th,
and 17 th.

291; 4. ; Chayford. Pop. 3778. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 1. — A labourer, aged 67, at Chagford, June
16th. of cholera.

291; 5. ; North Tawton. Pop. 4896. .

Clml. o ; Diarr. o.

292; r. Crediton ; Morchard Bishop. Pop. 4968.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

292 ; 2. ; Bow. Pop, 3924. Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

292; 3. ; Crediton. Pop. 6825. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5.

292; 4. ; Cheriton Fitzpaine, Pop. 6313.

— Choi, o ; Diarr. 5.

293; 1. Tiverton; Silverton. Pop. 5559.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1. — A carpenter’s widow, aged 42,
at Bradninch, September 5th, and a labourer’s wife,
aged 55> at Silverton, October 10th, of cholera.

293; 2. ; Cidlomplon. Pop. 5360.-

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

293 ; 3. ; Uffculme. Pop. 5380. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

293; 4. ; Tiverton. Pop. 10040. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 4. — A 'cordwainer, aged 46, died of diarrhoea,
and his wife, aged 40, of cholera, in Bampton-street,
September 23rd and 28th ; and a labourer, aged 47,
and his son, aged 4, in Hammeth-square, October
7th and 12th, of cholera.

293 ; 5. ; Washjield. Pop. 2851. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

293; 6, ; Bampton. Pop. 3335. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

293 ; 7. ; Dulverlon. Pop. 5647. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o,

294; 1. South Molton ; Witheridye. Pop.
5870. — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

294; 2. ; Chulndeigh. Pop. 5431. — Cliol. o;

Diarr. o.

294; 3. ; South Molton. Pop. 9681.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 9.

295; 1. Barnstaple; Barnstaple. Pop. 10757.
— Choi. 22 ; Diarr. 11. — The first death from cholera
occurred June 19th, in Maiden-street, a labourer, aged
40; a hairdresser’s 3 daughters, aged 21, 6, and 4,
also in Maiden-street, September 7th and 16th ;
9 deaths from cholera occurred in the workhouse,
2 at Rackfield, and 3 in Myrtle-place, where the
last occurred on October 29th, a painter’s wife, aged
42.

295; 2, ; Taraccmbe. Pop. 2916. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

295; 3. ; Combmartin. Pop. 4026. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

295; 4. ; Bfracombe. Pop. 5766.

Cliol. 21. ; Diarr. 12. — The first death from cholera
occurred September 8th, a lady, aged 59, on the
Quay, where 11 deaths took place, 3 in Rope-path,
all in Ilfracombe, except the last, September 26th, a
labourer’s wife, aged 70, which occurred at Beiry-
narbor. Scarlatina was prevalent in the latter part
of the year.

295 ; 5, ; Braunlon. Pop, 7193. — Choi, 9;

254

Notes on Cholera

Diarr, i. — First death from cholera occurred August
30th, at Marwood, a labourer’s daughter, aged 2 ; her
brother, aged 9, died on September 2nd; a labourer,
45, and his wife, aged 37, died on the same day,
August 31st, and his 2 children subsequently, and
another labourer's wife and a spinster, all at Pilton,

295 ; 6. Barnstaple-; i Bishop's Tawton.

Pop. 6537. — Cliol. o; Diarr. 2.

296; 1. Toriungton; High Bickington , Pop.
3242. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

296; 2. ; Winkleigh. Pop. 2982. — Chol.o ;

Diarr. o.

296; 3. ; Dolton . Pop. 3155. — Cool, o;

Diarr, o.

296; 4. ; Shebbear. Pop. 3224. — Choi, 1;

Diarr. o. — September 22nd, a labourer, aged 55,
at Buckland Fdleigh.

296 ; 5. ; Great Torrington. Pop. 5584. —

Choi, o ; Diarr o.

297; 1. Bideford ; Bideford. Pop. 5331

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — September 4th, a farmer’s
daughter, aged 9 months, at Lower Wiusford.

297; 2. ; 1 Wortham. Pop, 4382. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 2, — October 9th, a mariner, in Vernon’s-lane,
Appledore, of cholera.

297; 3. ; Parkham. Pop. 3189.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

297; 4. ; Hartland. Pop. 4454- — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

297; 5. ; Bradworthy. Pop. 2225.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

298; r. Hoi.swoeihv ; Milton Darner el.

Pop. 1935. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

298 ; 2. ; Holsworthy. Pop 3287. — Choi. 0 ;

Diarr. o.

298 ; 3. ; Black Torrington. Pop. 2402. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

298; 4. ; Broadwoodwidger. Pop. 2611. —

Choi. 2. Diarr. o. — August 15th, a labourer’s son,
aged 2, and a farmer’s wife, aged 50, August 28th,
both at Beckett, the child after 6 hours’ illness, the
adult 7 days.

298; 5. ; Clawton. Pop. 2118. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

20. CORNWALL.

299; i. Stratton; Kilkhampton. Pop. 2287.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

299; 2. ; Stratton. Pop. 3945. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — These 2 deaths from cholera occurred at
Bude Stratton, a mariner's son, aged 4, on June 25th,
and a mariner, aged 47. on August nth.

299 ; 3. ■; Week Si. Mary. Pop. 3200.

Choi, o ; Diarr, o.

300; 1. Camelford; Boscastle. Pop. 2934. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

300; 2. ; Camelford. Pop. 5129.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — A miner’s daughter, aged 24,
at Lemliead-street, Breward, died of cholera on
August 22nd.

301; 1. Launceston; Altarnun. Pop. 2608. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

301 ; 2. ; North Pelherwin. Pop. 2602. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

301; 3. ; St. Stephen. Pop. 2619.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

301; 4. ; Launceston. Pop. 3706.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — A commercial traveller, in
Broad-street, September 16th, of cholera.

301 ; 5. , Northill. Pop. 5192. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 2. — Two females, aged 64 and 73, a servant
and a labourer’s widow, at Farmer's Hill and Church
Town, September 3rd and 12th, from cholera.

302; 1. St. Germans; Antony. Pop. 6568. .

Choi. 199 ; Diarr. 12. — The first death from cholera
recorded in this sub-district was that of a mason’s
wife, aged 31, at West-street, Milbrook Maker, July
10th ; she had diarrhoea 3 or 4 days, and neglected
it:. then follow 13 deaths in the Union workhouse,
Torpoint, Antony, in July and August; it prevailed
in August, September, and October, in Newport-
street, Back-street, West-street, Duck-street, Market-
street, Upper-row, and Fore-street, Kings and Maker,
chiefly in the families of labourers, fishermen, mariners,
and watermen. A labourer, on the 5th October, and
his 3 children, at Eaglerseal Kings and Maker, on
September 1st; and a surgeon, aged 51, at Kings and
House, September 7th. All these deaths, except 11,
occurred in August and September.

302; 2. ; St. Germans. Pop. 3410.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — Two of these deaths from cholera
occurred on the Quay, the other in the town, after
neglected diarrhoea.

302; 3. ; Saltash. Pop. 6142. — Choi. 34.

Diarr. 5. — All these deaths from cholera occurred
in Saltash or Landrake in July, August, and Sep-
tember, amongst labourers and watermen ; the first,
a carpenter’s wife, aged 38, in Landrake, July 17th.

303 ; 1. Liskeard ; Callington. Pop. 7996.

Choi. 102 ; Diarr. 18. — All these deaths from cholera,
except 8, occurred in August and September, chiefly
among labourers and miners in Chapel-street,
Back-lane, Calstock Town, Rilla Mill, Moon’s
Field, and Lower-street. The first case was a farm-
er’s wife, aged 48, in Chapel-street, August 6th.

303; 2. ■; Liskeard. Pop. 9050.— Choi. 17;

Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera were of miners
and labourers in Church-street, Barn-street, and
Bowden's-row, in August and September. A
miner and his 2 children died in Church-street,
July 30th and August 1st : these were the 3 first
cases.

303 ; 3. ; Looe. Pop. 5356. — Choi. 12;

Diarr. 4, — These deaths from cholera were chiefly
of labourers in East Looe and St. Martin’s, all in
August, except the first death, February 25th, a
farmer’s son, aged 4 months, in St. Martin’s , and
the last, December 22nd, a fishmonger's wife, aged
66, at East Looe.

303; 4. ; Lenin. Pop. 4073. — Cliol. 1;

Diarr. 1. — A mariner, aged 49, at Polruan, Lars-
tcgloss, September 20th, of cholera.

304; 1. Bodmin; Lanlivery. Pop. 5563.

Cliol. 2 ; Diarr. 2 — These deaths from cholera were
of labourer’s children, aged 3 and 4, at Brigend St.
Winnoe, August 7th and 14th.

304; 2. ; St. Mahyn. Pop. 3635. — Choi, r ;

Diarr. 2. — A labourer’s widow, aged 65, at Pomery’s
Ford, Cardingham, December 20th, of cholera. The
death from cholera in this sub-district was by acci-
dent not included in the total for the Bodmin dis-
trict, as given in the tables.

304; 3. ; Bodmin. Pop. 6523. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. o.

304; 4. ; Egloshale. Pop. 5079. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. o.

305 ; 1. St. Columb; Padstow. Pop. 6253

Cliol. i; Diarr. o. — A farmer, aged 43, at Wade-
bridge, October 7th.

305 ; 2. ; St. Columb. Pop. 6518.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — A farmer's widow, aged 61, and
a mason's son aged 4 months, at St. Columb Minor
and Major, July 2nd and 29th, of cholera.

305; 3. ; Newlyn. Pop. 3396. — Cliol. 1 ;

Diarr. 1. — A female seller of matches, at St. Enoder,
October 27th, of cholera*

in the Counties of Cornwall and Somerset.

306; 1. St. Austell ; Fowey. Pop. 8340.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — A labourer’s son, aged 17, at
Long Steps, Fowey, September 4th, after 10 hours’
illness.

306; 2. ; St. Austell. Pop. 13189 — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 1. — Two of these cases of cholera occurred at
Old West Turnpike, St. Austell, the others at Car-
vath Trenarren, West Bridge, and Blowing-house-
lane, in July, August, September, and October.

306; 3. ; Mevagissey. Pop. 5218.

Choi. 128; Diarr. 2. — AH these deaths from cholera
occurred in Mevagissey, except 2 at Gorran, in the
families of fishermen, mariners, and labourers, in
July, August, and September. The first case,
on July 10th, a mariner’s daughter, aged 7.

306; 4. ; Grampound. Pop. 4661.

Choi, i; Diarr. o. — A carpenter’s daughter, aged 3 ;
at Creed, July 23rd.

307; I. Truro \ Probus. Pop. 4286. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. I.

307; 2. ; St. Just. Pop. 4917. — Choi, o;

Diarr. x.

307; 3- ! St. Agnes. Pop. 10918.-

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera were
of miners at Churchtown, Peter-ville, Goonown,
Mount Hanke in St. Agues, and at Perranzabulce.
First case, August 1st, a carpenter, aged 21, at
Perramcoombe Perranzabulce.

307 ; 4. ; St. Clement. Pop. 7683. — Choi. 37;

Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera were of miners
and labourers in Goodwin’s-lane, Pydar-street, St.
Clement’s, Truro, in August, September, and Oc-
tober. First case, July 29th, a fisherman’s wife,
aged 54, in James’s-place.

307; 5. ; Kenwyn. Pop. 9607. — Choi 31;

Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera were in
labourers’ families in Charles street, Bull-lane, Cale-
wick-street, in August, September, and October.
The first death recorded August 24th, a mariner’s
wife, aged 82.

307; 6. ; Kea. Pop. 5737. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. o. — These deaths from cholera were of miners
at Wheal Baddern and Chace-water, and at Quench-
well and Carnon Downs Frock, in September.

308; 1. Falmouth; Mylor. Pop. 4234

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. o. — These deaths from cholera were
of labourers at Flushing, the Downs and Perran-
down, Perranerworthal, in September, October, and
November. First case September 14th, a mariner's
daughter, aged 31, at Flushing Mylor.

308; 2. ; Falmouth. Pop. 9674. — Choi. 24;

Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera were princi-
pally of labourers in New-streef, Snow’s- court, and
the poorhouse, in June, July, August, and September.
The first death recorded was that of a tailoress, aged
63, in Mills’ -yard, June 17th.

308; 3. ; Penryn. Pop. 4484. — Choi. 36;

Diarr. 7. — All these deaths from cholera occurred in
Penryn in September, October, and November.
Three woolcombers’ children, aged 2, 4, and 12,
are the first recorded, on September 1 6th, and an
excise-officer’s 3 children on October 25th.

308; 4. Constantine. Pop. 3218.

Choi. 6. Diarr. 1.- — These deaths from cholera
were of labourers at Mabe Mannan and Durgan, in
August, September, October, and November. The
first case was a stone-cutter, aged 38, August 29th,
at Holland Mill.

309; 1. Helston ; Wendron. Pup. 8938.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera were
of labourers, all in the parish of Wendron, in Septem-
ber and November. The first death recorded was on
April 12th, a single-woman’s son, at Medlyn, aged 7.

255

309 ; 2. Helston; Helston. Pop. 5507. — Cliol. o ;
Diarr. o.

3°9 ; 3. ; St. Keverne. Pop. 5953.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

309; 4. ; Breage. Pop. 7502.— Choi. 1;

Diarr. 9. — A miner, aged 35, at Trew, August 28th,
of cholera; several deaths from diarrhoea having
occurred in the Union workhouse in February,
March, April, May, and August.

309; 5. ; Crowan. Pop. 4638. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

310; 1. Redruth; Gwennap. Pop. 13324.

Choi. 21; Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera
occurred in miners’ families at Crofthandy and St.
Day, in September. The first death recorded was a
miner's daughter, aged 21, at Yogue, August 31st.

310; 2. ; Redruth. Pop. 9305. — Choi. 35 ;

Diarr. o. — All these deaths from cholera occurred in
Redruth, in the families of miners, iir September
and October. The first case September 3rd, a
miner’s daughter, aged 24, at Trerufi’e.

310 ; 3. ; Illogan. Pop. 7815. — Choi. 20;

Diarr. 2 — These deaths from cholera occurred in
miners and labourers’ families, all in Illogan, in
September and October. The first case July 19th,
a miner’s son, aged 4, at Carnkie.

310; 4. ; Camborne. Pop. 1006 1. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera occurred in
miners’ families atCamborne, August and September.
First case August 23th, a miner’s son, aged 6 months,
at Park Bracket.

310; 5. ; Phillack. Pop. 7542. — Choi. 52 ;

Diarr. 1. — These deaths from cholera occurred in
labourers and miners’ families at Ventonleague,
Trevassack, and Guildford in the parish, of Phillack,
in August and September. The first death recorded
from cholera was on July 19th, a boiler-maker, aged
30, at Yeutonleague.

3 1 1 ; 1. Penzance; Uny Lelant. Pop. 7654. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

3 1 1 ; 2. ; St. Ives. Pop. 7638.

Choi. 17; Diarr. 13. — The first death from cholera
recorded in this sub-district was on June 17th,
a master mariner, aged 55, in Fore-street, from
Cardiff, where the cholera had prevailed ; second case
August 30th, a fisherman’s wife, aged 25, in the
Back-road ; it was fatal in labourers and fishermen’s
families, on the Quay and in Bailey’s-lane, in August
and September.

311 ; 3. ; Marazion. Pop. 5250. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This was the mate on board the schooner
“Star,” in the Roadsteads, St. Michael’s Mount,
aged 36, August 6th.

311; 4. ; Penzance. Pop. 17749. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera were of la-
bourers in Penzance, October 1st.

3 1 1 ; 5. ; St. Just in Penwith. Pop. 8702. —

Cliol. 2 ; Diarr. 8. — A miner’s wife, aged 28, at
Boswedden, on July 1st, and a traveller, aged 56,
at Churchtown, on October 31st, of cholera.

311; 6. ; St. Bury an. Pop. 3101.

Choi, o ; Diarr. I.

312; 1. Scilly Islands; Scilly Islands.

Pop. 2582. — Choi. 4; Diarr. o. — These deaths from
cholera were of master mariners and labourers at
Crow Sound and Hugh Town, St. Mary’s, all adults.

21. SOMERSETSHIRE.

313; r. Williton; Minchead. Pop. 3643.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

313; 2. ; Dunster. Pop. 4003. Cliol. o;

Diarr. o.

256

Notes on Cholera

313; 3. Williton; Williton. Pop. 4838.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — The wife of a tramp, aged 30,
in the Union workhouse, after 70 hours’ illness, from
cholera.

313; 4. ; Stogursey. Pop, -2640. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

313; 5. ; Stogumber. Pop. 3953. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

3 T4 ; 1. Wellington; tJ'iveliscombe. Pop. 3838.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

314; 2. ; Milverton. Pop. 4685. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

3 r4 ; 3. ; Wellington. Pop. 7936.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 7. — A boy at Union workhouse, on
May 28th, ill 16 hours, of cholera.

314; 4. - — — ; Culmstock. Pop. 5318. — Chol.o;
Diarr. o.

315; 1. Taunton; Pitminster. Pop. 4890.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A labourer, aged 36, at Stoke,
St. Gregory, ill 36 hours, of cholera.

315; 2. ; North Curry. Pop. 6378.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 7.

315; 3. ; Taunton, St. Mary Magdalen.

Pop. 9615. — Choi. 58; Diarr. 16. — These 58 persons
all died of cholera in the Union workhouse, St. Mary
Magdalen, and all in November; 13 of t lie deaths
from diarrhoea occurred also in the Union workhouse
during the year.

315; 4. ; Taunton, St. James. Pop. 8829.

— Choi, o ; Diarr. 8.

315; 5. ; Bishops- Lydeard. Pop. 3710. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

316; 1. Bridgwater; Stowey. Pop. 4757.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — A carpenter, aged 33, at Spaxton,
November 14th, ill 25 hours, of cholera.

316; 2. ; North Petherton. Pop. 5074.

Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 10. — These deaths from cholera were
all of labourers’ families, in High-street, Hammett-
street, Fore-street, and Moorland. A labourer’s wife
and her 3 children died of cholera in the High-street,
North Petherton, on August 23rd. A boatman’s wife
and child, at Fonlgate Moorland, on September 15th.

316; 3. ; Middlezoy. Pop. 2882. — Choi. I ;

Diarr. 3. — A labourer’s son, aged 6, at Weston Zoy-
land, October 13th, of cholera.

316; 4. ; Bridgwater. Pop. 11530.

Choi. 213 ; Diarr. 17. — The first 5 deaths from
cholera registered in Bridgwater, occurred at the
Union-workhouse, August 7th, loth, nth and 13th;
it afterwards appeared at Eastover, Honey-alley, West-
street, Moat-lane, Golds-buildings, Monmouth-street,
Bath-road. Pricket-street, and Union-street, Albert-
street, St. Mary. A shoemaker's 2 children, at East-
over, on August 22nd ; a labourer’s 2 children, in
Golds-buildings, on September 10th ; 4 persons in
a shoemaker’s family in West-street, on the 25th,
26th, and 28th September ; a cabinet-maker and
his 2 children in Monmouth-street, on October
7th. The last case, a labourer’s son, aged 4 years, at
Chedzoy-iane, on December 14th.

316; 5. ; Huntspill. Pop. 3811. — Cliol. 3 ;

Diarr. o. — A shoemaker, a mechanic, and a black-
smith’s sou, at Pawlett-Puriton and Huntspill, in
August, September, and October, of cholera.

316; 6. ; PoIdenHill. Pop. 3739. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — A butcher's daughter, at Chelton Poldeu,
26th August, of cholera.

317; 1. Langport; Somerton. Pop. 5724.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 5.

317; 2. ; Langport. Pop. 7297. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 5.

3 1 7 ; 3- ; Curry- liivell. Pop. 5088.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

318; 1. Chard; Ilminster. Pop. 7852. — Chol.o;
Diarr. o.

318; 2. ; Combe, St. Nicholas. Pop. 3458.

— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

318; 3. ; Chard. Pop. 7153. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 9. — A labourer, aged 19. at Chard, 31st August,
and another in the Union workhouse at Chard, on
September 1st, of cholera. Four children died of
diarrhoea in one family, in Silver-street, August 10th,
I2ih, and 14th.

318; 4. • ; Crewkerne. Pop. 8149. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 4.

319; i. Yeovil; Coker. Pop. 6760. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 4.

319; 2. ; South Petherton. Pop. 4225.

Cliol. o ; Diarr. o.

319; 3. ; Martock. Pop. 5992. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6.

31954. ; Yeovil. Pop. 8089. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 8. — These deaths from cholera took place
October 15th. A hawker and his wife, after 10
and 16 hours’ illness, at the Sun Inn, Wine-street, and
a mason’s son, aged 10, in Wine-street, on Decem-
ber 9th.

3x9; 5. ; Ilchesler. Pop. 2818. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

320; r. Wincanton; Castle Cary. Pop. 6103.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — A labourer’s daughter, aged
3 , at North Barrow. May 27th, of cholera.

320. 2. ■ ; Milborne Port. Pop. 5428.

Chol.o; Diarr. 2.

320. 3. ; Wincanton. Pop. 5962. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 3.

320; 4. ; Bruton. Pop. 3793. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3. — A tailor, aged 19, at Bruton, August 4th,
of cholera.

321; 1. Frome; Nunney , Pop. 5249. — Chol.o;
Diarr. 2.

321; 2. ; Frome. Pop. 12253. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 15. — A labourer's son, aged 16, at Keyford
Frome, April 7th, of cholera.

321; 3. ; Road. Pop. 4255, Choi, o;

Diarr. 7.

32154. ; Kilrnersdon. Pop. 4060. — Cliol. 2 ;

Diarr. o. — A coal-miner and a thatcher’s wife, at
Withlington and Culeford, on November 7th and
December 29th. of cholera.

32251. Shepton Mallet ; Stoke-lane.

Pop. 4073. — Chol.o; Diarr. o.

322; 2. ; Evercreech. Pop. 5505.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

322; 3. ; Shepton Mallet. Pop. 8067.

Choi. 40 ; Diarr. 9. — The coroner was the first who
died from cholera in Shepton Mallet, August 8th,
aged 63, in Leg-street. Several cases occurred in
Town-street and Garston-street, Croscombe ; 2

brothers, sons of a plasterer, aged 5 and 7, in Town-
lane, August 26th, and a son and daughter of a
mason, at Croscombe, September 2nd.

323; 1. Wells; Wells. Pop.11247. — Choi. 16;
Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera in Wells
was on March 25th, a printer’s wife, aged 25, in
St. Cuthbert-street ; 4 persons in the same family,
in Tucker-street, September 5th, 6th, and 12th ; and
a brushmaker and his wife, both aged 57, in Law-
pool-lane, St. Cuthberts, September 7th.

323; 2. ; Glastonbury. Pop. 9362.

Cliol. 10; Diarr. 3. — 4 persons (2 in the same
family) : t Godney Mere, September 26th, and 3 in
North Road-street, Glastonbury, of cholera.

324; 1. Axbridge ; Wedinore. Pop. 6884.— —
Cliol, 3 ; Diarr. 4. — A labourer, his wife, and a
child, at Wedinore, September 1 6 ill, of cholera.

257

in the Counties of Somerset and Gloucester.

324; 2. Axbridge; Burnham. Pop. 5441.

Choi, o; Diarr. 2.

324; 3- 5 Banwell. Pop. 6727. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5.

324; 4. ; Axbridge. Pop. 6987. — Choi. 2:

Diarr. 3. — A labourer and his wile at Burton Wins-
combe, aged 65 and 70, October 14th, of cholera.

324; 5. ; Blagdon. Pop. 6165. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 3. — The first case of cholera was in a labourer,
aged 41, at Congresbury, September 7th ; and 4 other
cases, including a labourer and his son, at Wrington,
in October.

325; 1. Glutton; Harptree. Pop. 4156.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

325 ; 2. ; Chew Magna. Pop. 5144.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A labourer’s wife, aged 29, at
Knowl-hill, September 18th, of cholera.

325; 3. ; Clutton. Pop. 7634. — Choi. 68;

Diarr. rr. — These cases of cholera occurred in Oc-
tober, November, and December, chiefly in the fa-
milies of coal-miners, at Paulton, and in the Union
Workhouse at Clutton. The first case, a coal-miner,
aged 28, at High Littleton, September 25th.

325; 4. ; Midsomer- Norton. — Pop. 8256. —

Choi. 29 ; Diarr. 11. — The cholera cases were chiefly
coal-miners and their families at Midsomer Norton,
Camerton, and Radstoek, in October, November, and
December.

326; 1. Bath; Twerton. Pop. 7037. — Choi. 17;
Diarr. 13. — These cholera cases were chiefly of la-
bourers and weavers, in September, October, and
November.

326; 2. ; Bathwick. Pop. 6610. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 1. — A plasterer, aged 73 ; a butcher’s daughter
at Grove-cottage, Bathwick, August 21st; a publican,
aged 62, and a lady aged 75, at CombDown, Moncton
Combe, October 1st, of cholera.

326; 3. ; Abbey. Pop. 12104.— Choi. 10;

Diarr. 19. — Diarrhoea prevailed in January, March,
April, and June. The first case of cholera occurred
on August 13th, at rg Little Corn-street, St. James,
an errand boy, aged 16 ; 2nd case at 1 Little Corn-
street, August 24th, a labourer’s wile, aged 44 ; 3rd
case, a surgeon’s wife, 2 St. James’ s-parade, Sep-
tember 1st; a chairman and his wife, died at 33
Wine-street, September 15th.

326 ; 4. ; Lyncombe. Pop. 9920. — Choi. 21 ;

Diarr. 11. — All the cholera deaths occurred at
Widcombe ; 3 at 14 Wells-road, 3 at 11 Russell-
place, and 2 at 9 Farmer’s-terrace, in the same
families, in August ami September.

326 ; 5. ; Walcot. Pop. 12089. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 18.

326; 6. ; Lansdown. Pop. 14111. —

Choi. 21; Diarr. 21. — The first case of cholera

was a waggoner’s son, aged 3, at 24 Milk-street, on
July 24th, after 10 hours’ illness, and a labourer,
his wife and child, at 28 Milk-street, in September ;
2 at 26 New Quay, and 12 in Avon-street.

326; 7. Bath; Batheaston. Pop. 7212.

Choi. 17; Diarr. 18. — All thecases of cholera and
diarrhcea occurred in the Bristol-road, Westou, in
August, September, and October.

327; 1. Keynsham ; Bitton. Pop. 5072.

Choi. 6 ; Diarr. o. — Labourers and their children
at Jefferies-hill, Hanham, in August, of cholera.

327; 2. ; Oldland. Pop. 9570. — Choi. 17;

Diarr. 8. — These deaths from cholera occurred in
miners and labourers’ families at Kingswood, Sound-
well, Mangotsfield, in June, July, August, and Sep-
tember.

327 i 3- 5 Newton. Pop. 2815. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

327 ; 4. ■; Keynsham. Pop. 4251. — Choi. 54;

Diarr. 8. — These deaths from cholera were of la-
bourers and their children in Keynsham, and in the
Union Workhouse; the first case, a labourer, aged
32, in Union Workhouse, May 5th ; the epidemic pre-
vailed here in May and June.

328; 1. Bebminster ; Bedminster. Pop. 17862.
— Choi. 243; Diarr. 23. — The cholera prevailed
here in July, August, and September, in Southey 's-
paddock, Bright’s-row, Kaynton’s-buildings, Dean-
street, North-street, and King-stieet. A pattern-
maker's wife and child, at Southey ’s-paddock, July
1 8t h ; a labourer's 2 children, sisters, on July 25th, at
Bright’s-row ; a labourer’s wife and 2 children, at
Southey’s-paddock, on July 28th; a cordwainer, his
wife, and 2 chddren, at Bright's-row, on July 28th ;
a twine-spinner and his wife, at Bright’s-row, on July
26th ; a labourer, his wife and child, in Deau-lane,
August 3rd ; 3 brothers (sons of a labourer), in
Bull-lane, on August 2nd; a labourer and his wife,
in Bayuton’s-buildings, on August nth; a paper-
hanger’s wife, and 3 children, in Baynton’s-buildmgs,
14th August; a coal-miner’s wife and child, also in
Baynton’s-buildings, on August 21st; 33 deaths in
the Cholera Hospital, 2 were of brothers.

J28; 2. ; Long Ashton. Pop. 5996.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. I. — A mason, and a labourer’s wife,
in Long Ashton, August 6th and 18th, of cholera.

328; 3. ; Yatton. Pop. 7621. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 8. — Two watchmakers, aged 58 and 78, and a
labourer’s wife and child, all at Yatton, on July 15th
and September 7th, of cholera.

328; 4. ; St. George. Pop. 4801. — —

Choi. 32; Diarr. jc. — These deaths from cholera were
labourers, watermen, anil mariners’ families, all in
Pill St. George, July 8tli, August, September, and
October.

VI. WEST MIDLAND DIVISION.

‘ 22. GLOUCESTERSHIRE.

329; r. Bristol; St. Mary Eedcliffe.

Pop. 14617. — Choi. 167; Diarr. 22. — The majority
of these deaths from cholera occurred amongst
labourers and their families, in Avon-street, King’s-
buildings, Pipe-lane, Union-court, Wright’s-court,
Church-street, and Temple-street. T 'e first death
occurred on July 5th, in Harriss’s-yard, Temple
parish, a potter’s son, aged 6 weeks ; the last, on
October 12th, in South-place, Redcliffe, a maltster,
aged 39. The cholera prevailed here in July, August,

and September, taking whole families, husbands and
wives, parents and their children, brothers and
sisters.

329; 2. Bristol; Castle Precincts. Pop. 10726.
— Choi. 224; Diarr. 22. — The cholera prevailed in this
sub-district in June, July, August, September, and
October. The first death occurred on June 1st, a
labourer, aged 16, in St. Peter's Hospital, where
31 deaths took place ; 153 died in the Cholera Hos-
pital, Peter-street, St. Peter’s, principally labourers
and mechanics; 4 deaths from cholera took place
it 17 King-street. The last death occurred October

S

Notes on Cholera

258

irth, in the Cholera Hospital, a mason’s son, aged
one.

329; 3. Bristol; St. Paul. Pop. 14872.

Choi. 1 1 7 ; Diarr. 38. — These deaths from cholera
occurred chiefly in labourers and mechanics’ families
in Wellington-buildings and court, Gloucester-court,
Rosemary- street, Philadelphia-street, Water-street,
Hampton-court, Victoria-street, Milk-street, Cross’s-
gardens, and John-street, &c. The first death from
cholera took place June 10th, at 14 Wellington-
buildings ; it was in a stonecutter’s wife, aged 30 ;
the last on November 2nd, in John-street, a labourer’s
son, aged 7. The epidemic prevailed here in June,
July, August, September, and October; most of
them died after a few hours’ illness.

329 ; 4. ; St. James'. Pop. 10555. — Choi. 60 ;

Diarr. 25. — These deaths from cholera occurred
chiefly in the families of labourers, mechanics, and
tradesmen, in Broadmead, Horsefair, Charles-street,
Montague-hill, Gillam’s-court, Lewin’s-mead, and
Harford-court; the cholera prevailed in August and
September. The first death from cholera occurred
on July 4th, at 10 Broadmead, an agent's wife,
aged 33; the last, on October 19th, at 4 Harford-
court, a cordwainer, aged 46.

329; 5. ; St. Augustine. Pop. 13496.

Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 16. — These deaths from cholera
occurred chiefly in the families of tradesmen and
labourers, in August, September, and October, in
College-crescent, Lime Kiln-lane, Frogmore-street,
and Jacob’s-wells ; the first death from cholera in
this sub district occurred June 24th, in Thatched
House-lane, a saddle-tree maker’s daughter, aged 4 ;
the last, October 13th, at 12 Orchard-street, a gentle-
man’s son, aged 17.

330; 1. Clifton; Clifton. Pop. 14177.- —

Choi. 15 ; Diarr. 12. — Labourers, tradesmen, and
mariners’ families, in Hotwell-road, Avon-crescent,
and Jones’s-court, chiefly suffered ; first death from
cholera, July 9th, in Hotwell-road, a mariner’s son,
aged 5 ; the last, 12th October, at 10 Jones’s-court,
a mariner’s wife, aged 37.

330; 2. ; Ashley. Pop. 6759. — Choi. 39;

Diarr. 11. — These deaths from cholera took place in
the families of tradesmen and labourers, in Grosvenor-
place, St. Andrew, Ashfield-place, Hilgrove-street,
Conduit-street, and Picton-lane. The first, July
15th, at 4 Grosvenor-place, a coachman’s wife, aged
51; 11 deaths occurred in Grosvenor-place ; the last,
October 10th, at 10 Thomas-street, Stokes Croft, a
cooper’s widow, aged 69.

33°> 3- ; St. George. Pop. 8318. — Choi. 82;

Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera were chiefly of
labourers and coal miners, and their families, living
In Crew’s Hold, near the Fire Engine Turnpike,
near Two Mile Hill ; Moorfields, the Alley, Square,
and Buildings ; YVhite’s-hill, north and south, and
Pyle Marsh ; the 3 first deaths from cholera occurred
on May 29th, at Crew’s Hold, 2 brothers and
their sister, labourer’s children, aged one, 4, and 13 ;
the last, on December 20th, at Blacksworth, a labourer,
aged 62, after 12 hours’ illness.

330; 4. ; St. Philip, and Jacob.'

Pop. 21590. — Choi. 262 ; Diarr. 44. — These deaths
from cholera were chiefly in the families of labourers,
tradesmen, and mechanics, in Wade-street, New-
street, Pinnell-street, Bristol ; Great and Little
George-street, York-street, Bread-street, Goat-alley,
Great and Little Ann-slreet, Lamb-street, Kilkenny ;
Oxford-road, Kingsland-road, Gloucester lane,
Poyntz-pool, Shorland’s-court, Pennywell-road,
and Harrow-plain. Several deaths from cholera took
place at the Old Workhouse. The first death from

cholera occurred on June 4th, at 4 Phoenix-street,
a weaver’s son, aged 4 ; the last, on October 31st,
in Great George-street, a painter’s son, aged 21
months. Many instances occurred of several mem-
bers of the same family dying of cholera.

33° ; 5. Clifton; Westbury. Pop. 7086. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. 1. — July 28th, a labourer, aged 36, at Sea
Mill Farm, Henbury; September 9th, at 5 Redland-
terraee, a linen draper’s son, aged 5 ; October 1st,
a tailor’s wife, aged 41, at 9 Alfred-place, Kings-
down, of cholera.

330 ; 6. ■ ; Stapleton. Pop. 7851. — Choi. 162 ;

Diarr. 16. — These deaths from cholera were pauper
inmates of the Union Workhouse, Stapleton and
Clifton, the Poor Asylum and the Fishponds, and
labourers’ children, at Freeland-place. The first 2
deaths from cholera occurred June 16th and 20th,
in the Union House Stapleton, 2 females aged 26
and 7 ; the last, December 20th, at Winterbourns, a
labourer’s son, aged 4 months ; 8 deaths took place
in the Union YVorkhouse, 144 in the Poor Asylum,
and 8 at the Fishponds. The deaths from diarrhoea
occurred in January, March, and May, except one or
two in September ; the cholera prevailed chiefly in
July, August, and September, in this sub-district.

331; 1. Chipping Sodbury ; Chipping Sodbury.
Pop. 5291. — Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

331; 2. ; Marshfield. Pop. 4099. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

331; 3. ; Hawkesbury. Pop. 4321.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

331; 4. ; Iron Acton. Pop. 5515. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 20. — The deaths from diarrhoea took place in
the Union Workhouse, Yate, during the| year ; they
were nearly all adults. The first death from cholera
occurred on May 12th, in the Union Workhouse,
Yate, a labourer’s widow, aged 85 ; the second and
last on September 28th, a labourer, aged 57, at
Frampton Cotterell.

332; 1. Thornbury (Almondsbury. Pop. 4982. —
Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 3. — All these deaths from cholera
were of labourers and their children, at Redwiek, in
August, except the first, which occurred on July
29th, a mason’s son, aged 14; the last, on August
19th, a labourer, aged 59, at the White Horse,
Almondsbury.

332; 2. ; Thornbury. Pop. 6142.

Choi, o ; Diarr. I.

332; 3. ; Berkeley. Pop. 5343. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 5. — August 18th, a labourer’s daughter, aged
2, in the parish of Alkington, from cholera.

333; 1. Dursley; Wotton-under-Edge.

Pop. 7328. — Choi. 50; Diarr. 9. — Nearly all these
deaths from cholera occurred in Wotton-under-Edge
and Kingswood, in July and August ; labourers,
weavers, and their families, except the first, which
occurred at Bradley, on June 7th, a labourer’s son,
aged 15 ; the last, on September 20th, a weaver’s
widow, aged 5 7, in Wotton-under-Edge.

333; 2. ; Uley. Pop. 3252. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

333; 3. ; Dursley. Pop. 6041. — Choi. 8;

Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera occurred in
the families of tradesmen and labourers, all in Upper
and Lower Cam, in September and October ; the
first death occurred in Upper Cam, on September
15th, a labourer’s wife, aged 24; the last, at
Lower Cam, October 12th, a grocer’s wife, aged 39.

334; 1. Westbury-on-Severn ; Newnham.

Pop. 10586. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — August 25th, a
haw ker’s daughter, aged 5, at Blakeney, in the parish
of Awre, of cholera.

334; 2. ; Huntley. Pop. 5189.— Choi. 6;

259

in the County of Gloucester.

Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera were of labour-
ers in the Union Workhouse, Westbury, Bollow, and
Walmer. The first occurred May 24th, at Bollow, a
labourer, aged 61; the second, June 3rd, in the
Union Workhouse, Westbury, a labourer, aged 35 ;
the last, in the Union Workhouse, .November 7th, a
labourer, aged 57.

335; 1. Newent; Newent. Pop. 6469.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 7. — March 14th, a farmer’s son, aged
10, at Kilcott; May 19th, a comb-maker’s wife,
aged 43, in Culvert-street, of cholera. The deaths
from diarrhoea occurred in the Workhouse and at
Linton.

335; 2. ; Redmarley. Pop. 5218.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

336; 1. Gloucester; Kingsholm. Pop. 5903. —
Choi. 9; Diarr. 2. — The first of the deaths from
cholera occurred February 26th, at Barnwood, a
farmer’s son, aged 20 ; the next 4 on June 3rd,
at the County Gaol, North Hamlet, male adults
(inquests); the next, July 10th, at Sandhurst, a
single-woman’s son, aged 2 ; the other 3 in October
and November, labourers at Barnwood, Longford,
and Wotton St. Catherine.

336; 2. ; St. Nicholas. Pop. 6933.

Choi. 63; Diarr. 17. — The deaths from cholera in
this sub-district occurred in May, June, July,
August, and September, in Royal Oak-yard, Deacon-
street, the Island, Sweet Brier-street, King’s Holm,
St. Mary, Reform-court, Westgate-street, Swan-lane,
and St. Catharine’s-buildings ; most of them occurred
in labourers’ families ; the first death from cholera
took place May 8th, at Royal Oak-yard, a female
pinner, aged 50, after 20 hours’ illness, where also 10
others died; the last, November nth, in St. Catha-
rine’s-buildings, a drover’s son, aged 5, ill 14 hours.

336; 3. ; St. John the Baptist. Pop. 7219. —

Choi. 34 ; Diarr. 7. — These deaths from cholera were
nearly all of labourers and their families, in Union-
street, Brothers’-place, Columbia-street, in June and
July ; the first death from cholera occurred May 26th,
at 4 Suffolk-street, a cordwainer’s wife, aged 60 ;
the last, November 5th, in Clarence-street, St.
Michael’s, a wine merchant’s wife, aged 50, where
also a female servant, aged 27, died; a cordwainer’s
3 children, a sister and her 2 brothers, died at 3
Brothers’-place ; a customs’ officer’s wife and her 2
sons died in Brothers’-place (14 died in this place) ;
a labourer’s 2 daughters died in Columbia-street.

336; 4. ; South Hamlet. Pop. 6760.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera were
mostly of labourers and their children at Elmore,
Littleworth, and Barton-street, St. Mary, in June
and July; the first death from cholera took place
June 9th, at Elmore, a labourer, aged 57; the last,
in South Hamlet, a master mariner, aged 39.

337; 1. Wheatenhurst; Frampton. Pop. 4778.
— Choi. 13; Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera
occurred chiefly in labourers’ families, at Arlingham,
Frampton, Eastington, and Saul, in June, July, and
August; the first, June 9th, a waterman’s son, aged
14 months, June 13th, his brother, aged 3; June
10th, a labourer’s wife, aged 38, and her 2 sons, all at
Arlingham ; the last death from cholera took place
November 4th, at Eastington, a millwright’s wife,
aged 55.

337; 2. ; Haresfield. Pop. 3x82. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera were of la-
bourers and their children, at Longney, Hardwick,
Haresfield, and Moreton Valence, in June and
August.

338; 1. Stroud; Stonehouse. Pop. 4564.

Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera were

chiefly in the families of clothworkers, in Stonehouse,
Can-lane, and Beard’s Mill, Leonard Stanley, in
July ; the first at Beard’s Mill, on July 9th. a cloth-
worker’s son, aged 7 ; the last, August 21st, inStone-
house, a widow, aged 61.

338; 2. Stroud; Painswick. Pop. 4910. — Choi 1;
Diarr. 1. — August 27th, a clothworker’s son, aged 7,
in Painswick, of cholera.

338; 3- ; Bisleij. Pop. 5339. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 2. — August 25th, a washerwoman’s son, aged
9, at Chalford Hill, and a lock-keeper, aged 51, at
Fulcomb, November 6th, of cholera.

338; 4. ; Stroud. Pop. 8680. — Choi. 15;

Diarr. 13. — Three deaths from cholera took place
as early as January 1 3th, 24th, and 26th, in the Union
Workhouse, all of females, aged 24, 54, and 60;
several deaths from diarrhoea occurred also in the same
place ; the next death from cholera occurred in the
Union Workhouse, but not until June 23rd ; it then
appeared, on August 16th, in Stroud, amongst cloth-
workers, and labourers, in Summer-street, Parlia-
ment-street, and Stroud-hill ; the last death from
cholera took place on September 21st, a tailor, aged
21, Tower-hill.

338; 5- — ; Bodborough. Pop. 5255

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — The first death from cholera took
place June 22nd, in a labourer, aged 48, at Button-
row ; the other 2 in Rodborough ; the last of these 2,
September 22nd, a boatman, aged 26.

338; 6. ; Minchinhampton. Pop. 4890.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — April 3rd, a labourer’s wife, aged
66, at Box; and on July 15th, an itinerant singer,
aged 21, in Minchinhampton, of cholera.

338; 7. ; Horsley. Pop. 5291. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

339; 1. Tetbury ; Didmarton. Pop. 1591.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

339; 2. ; Tetbury. Pop. 4300. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

340; 1. Cirencester; Cotswold. Pop. 3929. —
Choi. 1; Diarr. I. — January 16th, a labourer, aged
84, at Sapper ton ; an inquest was held upon this case,
verdict, “ Visitation of God, having been suffering
apparently from cholera.”

340: 2. ; Cirencester. Pop. 10736.

Choi, o; Diarr. 3.

340; 3. ; Fairford. Pop. 6063. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

341; 1. Northleach; Bibury. Pop. 5485.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

341; 2. ; Chedworth. Pop. 5176.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

342 ; 1. Stow-on-the-Woi.d ; Bourton-on-the-

Water. Pop. 4617. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

342; 2. ; Stow-on-tlie-Wold. Pop. 4905.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

343; 1. Winchcomb; Guyting. Pop. 5876.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

343; 2. ; Cleeve. Pop. 4124. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

344; 1. Cheltenham; Charlton Kings.

Pop. 8835. Chol.o; Diarr. 5.

344; 2. ; Cheltenham. Pop. 3141 1.

Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 46. — Diarrhoea appears to

have prevailed, and to have been unusually fatal
in Cheltenham during the months of June, July,
August, and September, amongst labourers, mecha-
nics, and their children : having been in this place
preceded by 5 deaths from cholera, on May 6th,
19th, and 20th, the first on the 6th, in Cheltenham,
a female of intemperate habits, aged 32; then 3
females, aged 60, 63, and 4, in the Workhouse, Bethel
Union, on the 19th and 20th ; and a labourer, aged

s 2

Notes on Cholera

260

63, back of 17 Worcester-street ; the other death
from cholera occurred August 25th, at 6 Stanhope-
street, a combmaker, aged 34. No death from
cholera at Charlton Kings.

345 ; x. Tewkesbury ; Deerhurst. Pop. 4392. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera were
of labourers’ wives and their children, at Withey
Bridge and Barrow in Boddington parish and Has-
field, in May, June, and July.

345; 2. ; Overbury. Pop. 2922. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

345 ; 3 . ; Tewkesbury. Pop. 7644.

Choi. 54; Diarr. 12. — These deaths from cholera
took place chiefly in labourers and weavers’ families,
in Bird’s-court, Wilkes-alley, the Union Workhouse,
and St. Mary’s-lane ; the first, from cholera, on
August 1st, a stocking-weaver, aged 23, in Bird’s-
court ; the last, on October 8th, a stocking-weaver,
aged 61, in George-yard; 6 deaths from cholera and
5 from diarrhoea took place in the Union Workhouse.

23. HEREFORDSHIRE.

346; 1. Ledbury; Ledbury. Pop. 8398.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

346; 2. ; Yarhhill. Pop. 4487. Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

347; 1. Ross; Sollers Hope. Pop. 3317.

Choi, o; Diarr. o.

347; 2. ; Ross. Pop. 8009. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

347 ! 3. ; St. Weonards. Pop. 3474.

Choi, o ; diarr. o.

348; 1. Hereford; Dewchurch. Pop. 4552. — .
Choi, o; Diair. 1.

348; 2. ; Fownhope. Pop. 4883. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Of these cases, 2 were children under one
year.

348; 3. ; Rurghill. Pop. 4972. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

348; 4. ; Hereford City. Pop. 10921.

Choi, o ; Diarr. ix. — Five of these cases were children
under 2 years ; one case occurred at the Asylum, age
nut stated.

348; 5. ; Madley. Pop. 311a. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

348; 6. ; Kentchurch, Pop. 3286. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

348; 7. ; Clodock. Pop. 2733. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

349; 1. Weobly; Weobly. Pop. 5039. — Chol.o;
Diarr. I. — This case took place in the Union Work-
house, a female, aged 68.

349; 2. ; Dilwyn. Pop. 3445. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

350; x. Bromyard; Bromyard. Pop. 3557.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1,

350; 2. ; Bishops Frome. Pop. 41x0.

Choi. O ; Diarr. O.

350. ; 3. ; Brockhampton. Pop. 3826.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

351, 1. Leominster; Leominster. Pop. 5679. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera occurred at
Burgates, September 30th, a labourer’s son, aged 9.

351; 2. ; Bodenham. Pop.3859. Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

351 , 3. ; Kingsland. Pop. 4857. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3. — The first case of diarrhoea occurrrd at
Lucton, a labourer’s son, aged 5 months. The 3
deaths from diarrhoea in this sub-district were by
accident not included in the total for the Leominster
district, as given in the tables.

24. SHROPSHIRE.

352; 1. Ludlow; Leintwardine. Pop. 2211.

Choi, o; Diarr. o.

352; 2. ; Ludlow. Pop. 8459 — Choi, o

Diarr. 1.

352; 3. ; Cainham. Pop. 2538. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

352; 4. ; Munslow. Pop. 2162. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

352; 5. \Diddlebury. Pop. 2x51. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

.35 3 5 1. Clun; Clun. Pop. 3789.— Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

353; 2. ; Bishops Castle. Pop. 2688.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

35 3 ; 3- i Norbury. Pop. 1744. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

353; 4. ; Lydbury. Pop. 1801. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

354; 1. Church Stretton; Church Stretton.—
Pop. 3849. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — The first case of
cholera occurred at Church Stretton, August nth,
a mail-cart driver, aged 37, followed on August 21st,
at the same place, bv a labourer’s widow, aged 83,
after an attack of 20 hours.

354; 2. ; Wall. Pop. 2217. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

355; 1. Cleobury Mortimer; Cleobury Mor-
timer- Pop. 5818. — Choi. 1; Diarr. 7. — This case
took place in the New Road, August 29th, a single
woman’s son, aged 5, after an attack of 2 days, after
eating unripe fruit. Of the cases of diarrhoea, 2 were
children under 3 days, and 3 occurred in the Union
Workhouse, aged 86, 88, and 55.

355; 2. - — — Stoddesden. Pop. 2890. — Chol.o;
Diarr. o.

356; 1. Bridgnorth; Chetton. Pop. 4940.

Choi, o ; Diair. 2. — These 2 cases occurred in Sep-
tember, ages 76 and 63.

356; 2. ; Bridgnorth. Pop. 6199. — Choi. 70;

Diarr. 8 — The epidemic first made its appearance on
July 24th, at the Library Steps, when a charwoman,
aged 56, died, after an attack of 36 hours’ duration ; it
continued with great virulence during the months of
August and September. During that time, 10 fatal
cases took place in Listley-street, 9 in Friar-street, 7 in
St. Mary’s-street, 7 at New Town, 6 in Underhill-
street, and 6 in St. Leonard’s Workhouse; the last
case occurred December 31st, in Underhill-street, a
sawyer, aged 37. One death from diarrhoea took
place in St. Mary's Workhouse, a male, aged 57; the
others were chiefly children under one year.

356; 3- ! Warfield. Pop. 4739.— Choi. 5;

Diarr. o. — The first case of cholera occurred at
Gatacre Claverley, January 20th, an agricultural
labourer’s daughter, aged one ; 2 cases took place
August 18th and 22nd, at Hermitage, a male and
female, aged 60 and 72 (husband and wife).

357; 1. Shiffnal; Albrighton. Pop. 3741.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

357; 2. ; Shiffnal. Pop 7309. ;

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — This case occurred at Pain’s-
lane, September 17th, a labourer’s widow, aged 73,
attacked 36 hours.

358; 1. Madeley; Dawley. Pop. 8942.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — The first case took place at
Dawley Green, September 6th, a collier, aged 46 ;
the other at Hinckley, October 14th, a puddler,
aged 32.

358; 2. ; Madeley. Pop. 8732. — Choi. 33;

Diarr. 5. — The first fatal case of cholera took place
at Madeley Wood, August 8th, when a shoemaker's

261

in the County of Salop.

son, aged i;, died : 14 other cases occurred at the
same place during August and September, and 9
at Coalbroukdale, in the same period; 2 cases took
place in the Madeley Workhouse, September 9th,
males, aged 61 and 70. The last case of cholera
occurred September 30th at Lincoln Hill, a collier
aged 29. Two deaths from diarrhoea occurred at
Madeley Workhouse, both old people.

358; 3. Madeley; Broseley. Pop. 6094.

Choi. 13; Diarr. 2. — Cholera first made its appear-
ance in High-street, August 3rd, a farmer, aged 45,
having died after 2 days’ attack; several other cases
occurred at Salthouse, Cockshut-lane, Lloyd’s Head,
&c., in the months of August and September. The
last case occurred at Ladvwood.

358; 4. ; Much Wenlock. Pop. 2487.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. 2. — The fiist case of cholera oc-
curred September 1st, at Farley, a labourer’s sou,
aged 3, followed September 3rd, by his daughter,
aged 5 ; on the 10th and nth, 2 children of a
labourer died; and on 25th and 26th, a labourer and
his daughter died, aged 55 and 18 ; a few cases oc-
curred at Back-laue during October.

359; I. Atcham; Condover. Pop. 5567.

Choi. 15; Diarr. 3. — 13 of these cases of cholera
occurred in August, at the Union Workhouse, Cross
Houses, mostly aged people ; the last case took place
at the Union Workhouse, September 4th : one death
also occurred there from diarrhoea, a person aged 69.

359; 2. ; Pontesbury. Pop. 3603. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

359 ; 3- ; Westbury. Pop. 2435. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

359; 4. ; Alberbury. Pop. 2288. — Choi, o;

Diarr. x.

.359; 5- ; Montford. Pop. 1161. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

359; 6. ; Battlefield. Pop. 1846. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

359; 7- 5 Atcham. Pop. 1942. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

360; 1. Shrewsbury; St. Mary- Pop. 12698 —
Choi. 63; Diarr. 19. — Cholera first made its appear-
ance February 24th, at Wyle Cop, Saint Julian ; a
gentleman’s widow, aged 66, having died after 4 days'
attack; a few cases occurred in July, 4 of them at
Salop gaol ; the epidemic attained its greatest height
in August ; in St. Alkamond-square,- an ostler and his
daughter died, August 5th and 7th; several cases
occurred in Coleham. St. Julian, Castle Foregate,
Canal Buildings, &c. Six cases occurred in Salop Gaol
during this month. The epidemic prevailed much
during September, chiefly in the same places, 8 deaths
having occurred on the 8th ; the last case took place
October xst, in Coleham.

360; 2. ; St. Chad. Pop. 8820. — Choi. 53;

Diarr. 7. — The epidemic first commenced July 25th,
10 cases having occurred on that day in the House
of Industry and Lunatic Asylum, followed on the
26th by 10 other cases in the same places ; it continued
very prevalent during August, 5 cases occurred on
the 15th, 2 of them, a tanner and his daughter,
living in St. Austin’s-conrt ; a few deaths occurred
in September; the last on the 17th, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 8.

361; 1. Oswestry; Knockin. Pop. 4293.

Choi. 0 ; Diarr. 1.

361; 2. -; Llansillin. Pop. 4x72. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

361 ; 3. ; Oswestry. Pop. 8843.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — The first case of cholera occurred
on September nth, in a commercial traveller, aged
27 ; the other took place October 11th, in the Salop-
road, a labourer’s daughter, aged 5,

361; 4. Oswestry ; St. Martin. Pop. 5764.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — This case occurred Srptember 8th,
at Gobower, Whittington, an engine-driver’s wife,
aged 18.

362; 1. Ellesmere; Overton. Pop. 2140.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

362; 2. ; Hanmer, Pop. 3206. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

362; 3. ; Ellesmere. Pop. 7506. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 3.- — The first case of cholera occurred at
Cockshutt, April 7th, a labourer, aged 40. The 2
other cases took place in the Workhouse, August 30th
and 31st, a male and female aged 66 and 75.

362; 4. ; Baschurch. Pop. 3482, — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o. — No deaths from cholera or diarrhoea in
this sub-district.

363; 1. Wkm; Wem. Pop. 7586. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 2. — One of these cases of diarrhoea took place
in the Union Workhouse, a labourer’s widow, aged 60.

363; 2. ; Frees. Pop. 3986. — (.hoi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This case occurred February 8th, at Prees
Heath, a shoemaker’s son, aged 2, after an attack of
3 days’ duration.

363 ; 3. ; Whitchurch. Pop. 6282. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera first appeared April 9th, at
Yardington, when a labourer's daughter, aged 5,
died, after an attack of 36 hours’ duration; 3 other
cases took place at Yardington during September.

364; 1. Market Drayton; Moreton Say.

Pop. 4050. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — This case of cholera
took place January 29th, at Ashley, a farmer’s
daughter, aged 7, ill 27 hours.

364; 2. ; Market Drayton. Pop. 4680.— —

Choi. 14; Diarr. 5. — The epidemic first proved fatal
at Berringtons, January 28th, in a labourer’s wife,
aged 74; 2 cases occurred at Drayton in July ; it
disappeared during August, but became prevalent in
September, 9 cases having occurred, 8 of them in the
Workhouse, mostly aged persons; 2 also occurred in
the W’orkhouse duriug October. Of the cases of
diarrhoea, 3 took place in the Workhouse, one of
them a child under one year.

364; 3. ; Hodnet. Pop. 5220. — Choi, o

Diarr. I.

365; 1. Wellington; Ercall Magna.

Pop. 3375. — Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

365; 2. ; Wellington. Pop. 12x57. .

Choi. 4; Diarr. 9. — Cholera first proved fatal
September nth, at Ketley. in a miner, aged 35 ; 2
cases occurred at the same place on the 20th, females
of the same family ; another case also on the 27th,
a labourer, aged 50; one death from diarrhoea took
place at the Workhouse, March 4th, a female,
aged 40.

365 ; 3. ; Wombridge. Pop. 4366. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 7. — All these cases of cholera occurred at
Wrockwardine Wood, the first on September 14th,
a labourer’s wife, aged 60, followed by 2 more cases
on the 17th and 18th, colliers’ wives ; 2 other
deaths took place October 4th, one of them a foun-
der’s daughter, aged 3 months, after an attack of one
day. Three of the cases of diarrhoea occurred at the
same place, one in a child 2 years.

366; 1. Newport; Newport. Pop. 9908.——
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera occurred
February 16th, at Edgmond, a labourer’s widow,
aged 68 ; the other, August 14th, at Jones’s-yard, a
labourer’s widow, aged 47.

366 ; 2. ; Gnosall. Pop. 4809. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 3. — Of these cases of cholera, the fiist took
place September 21st, at Norbury, in a boatman's
son, aged 17 months; the other case occurred October
2nd, at High Offley, a labourer, aged 52.

262

Notes on Cholera

25. STAFFORDSHIRE.

367; r. Stafford ; Stafford. Pop. 12273.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 4. — The first death from cholera oc-
curred in the Infirmary on January 10th, when a
labourer, aged 27 years, died in 62 hours after the
attack ; the other case was recorded on October 27th,
at St. Chads’-place.

367; 2. ; Castle Church. Pop. 3477.

Choi, r; Diarr. 5. — The only fatal case of cholera
recorded in this district occurred on September 19th,
at Bradley, a labourer, aged 23 years ; duration
4 days.

367; 3. ; Colwich. Pop. 4542. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

368; i. Stone; Stone. Pop. 8593. Choi. 2;

Diarr. I. — A boatman, aged 41 years, died of cholera,
(24 days) on July 24ih, at Church-street; the other
case. August 24th, in Newcastle-street.

368; 2. ; Eccleshall. Pop. 6150. Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — Cholera was fatal to the wife of a labourer,
aged 48 years, at Millstone-green, on September 4th ;
the other case, with premonitory diarrhoea, occurred on
October 2nd.

368; 3. ; Trentham. Pop. 4063. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. I. — The first case of cholera which proved
fatal in this district occurred on September 3rd, at
Butterton Hall; the next case on the 5th, at Meer
Heath, and the last case on the 8th, at Hanford,
viz., a. butcher, aged 40 years, who survived the
attack 10 hours.

369 ; 1. Newcastle-under-Lyme ; Whitmore.

Pop. 1291. — Choi. 2; Diarr. o First death from

cholera on September 2nd, the other on the 3rd;
the first a labourer’s son, the second a labourer’s
wife, both at Meer Sutton.

369; 2.' ; Newcastle-under-Lyme. Pop. 12524.

Choi. 239 ; Diarr. 19. — After 2 fatal cases of diarrhoea
on May 8th and June 13th, in the Union Workhouse ;
the first case of cholera occurred in the above Work-
house on June 19th, in a spinster s daughter, aged
14 years, duration of attack 7 hours ; next fatal
case at Red Lion-square, July 29th, another on
August 3rd, at Lower-street, and from this time the
epidemic was most malignant in character. By
the end of August 129 persons died ; the greatest
number in any one day was on the 17th, when 14
deaths occurred ; in the following day they de-
clined to 4, but on the succeeding day, the 19th,
13 deaths happened. In September there were 94
deaths; the epidemic declined towards the end of
this month, and on October 30th, in the Union Work-
house, the last case recorded was a widow, aged 80
years : after this date cholera ceased to be fatal,
in the months of July, August, and September, 225
deaths from cholera were registered, and only 95
from other diseases. During the year 1849, the
epidemic proved fatal to 93 males and 146 females;
all exceptiug 41 were above 20 years of age. In
the Union Workhouse 7 cases of cholera were fatal,
and 5 of diarrhoea. The infected streets in this
town were Lower-street, 24 deaths. 23 of which
were in August ; Roebuck-lane 5 ; Penkhult-street
11 (5 in August and 6 in September) ; High-
street 6 ; Church-street 8 ; Friar-street 4 ; Pepper-
street 4 ; Bridge-street 6 ; Holbom 4 ; Hick-street 5 ;
Cross-street 4 ; Fletcher-street 16 (3 in August, 9 in
September, and 4 in October) ; Ireland Newcastle 12,
all in September; Lower-green 19 (3 in August and
16 in September); Liverpool-street 4; Shoreditch 3;
Hagrells-street 9 (8 in September and one in October).

369; 3. ; Audley. Pop. 5674. Choi, o ;

Diarr. 5.

370; 1. Wolstanton ; Wolstanton. Pop. 4144. —
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera
occurred in this district on August 12th, at Dunkirk,
Chesterton ; the next on September 6th, at Four-lane-
ends ; and the other in the same locality on the
1 2 th.

370; 2. ; Tunstall. Pop. 12431. — Choi. 7 ;

Diarr. 31. — On August 12th, cholera appeared at
Kidsgrove, Brieryhurst, and proved fatal to a collier’s
wife, aged 48 years ; the next death occurred on the
13th at Rathbone- street, where another also occurred
on the 20th ; on October 6th, the last case proved
fatal to a slip-maker, aged 38 years. Diarrhoea pre-
vailed through the year, 10 cases proving fatal in the
Union Workhouse, and one of cholera.

370; 3. ; Burslem. Pop. 16091. — Choi. 69;

Diarr. 34. — Cholera was prevalent in July and
August; the first fatal case in this district occurred
on June 16th, at Nile-street, a coal-dealer, aged 29
years; another in the same street on the 17th; by
July 10th, 3 other deaths were registered, and on that
day the epidemic rapidly increased, and 3 attacks
were fatal ; the following localities mostly suffered,
viz. : —

Deaths from
Cholera.

Nile-street. ... 6

Mayer's Bank. . . 2

Greenhead ... 4

Holehouse . . .11

Bourne’s Bank . . 6

Deaths from
Cholera.

Daniel’s-row ... 3

Navigation-road . . 3

Pit-street .... 6

Kilncroft .... 4

Church-street . . 4

The epidemic in this town caused great mortality
amongst potters, colliers, labourers, &c., and their
families; in 16 deaths from cholera, the average
duration of illness was 11 hours. Of the 69 fatal
cases, 57 were 10 years of age and upwards, and of
the 34 deaths from diarrhoea, ri only were above the
age of 10 years; by the middle of September, cholera
considerably declined ; in the month of October one
death occurred, the last and only fatal case in Novem-
ber was on the 16th, at Bleak Hill ; a dancing master,
aged 40 years, was attacked with diarrhoea, which
terminated in cholera.

371 ; r. Stoke-upon-Trent; Hanley. Pop. 10218.

— Choi. 30; Diarr. 6. In this town cholera was

very fatal in September ; the epidemic commenced
on August 6th, in Wood-street, and was fatal to a
potter aged 56 years ; the next following on the 19th,
at Northwood ; 16 died in September, and 6 in
October ; the last death on the 9th, in Sluck-lane, a
potter’s overman’s wife, aged 28 years (diarrhoea 2
days, cholera 3 days). The cholera was prevalent in
Joiner’s-squnre, Northwood, New-street, Chapel-
field, &c. The families of potters and colliers chiefly
suffered.

371; 2. ; Shelton. Pop. 11955. — Choi. 43;

Diarr. 18. — Cholera prevailed in this locality on April
19th ; from April to August 18th, 2 other cases proved
fatal ; from this date the epidemic increased, but a
decline was perceptible after October loth ; the last
case recorded was on October 23rd, at Mill’s Bauk.
In Joiner's-square, 12 deaths occurred; Etruria 5;
Mill-street 3 ; Marsh-street 3 ; Hope-street 3. Diarhoea
proved fatal to 13 children.

371; 3. ; Stoke-upon-Trent. Pop. 8430.

Choi. 28; Diarr. 15. — Cholera appeared on August
15th, first case recorded at Spittals Workhouse, a
labourer aged 40 years ; in this Workhousecholera was
fatal to 17 persons. Previous to the first case of
cholera in the Workhouse, 9 deaths from diarrhoea
occurred, subsequently 2 more ; the last case of
cholera proved fatal on October 7th, at Sloke-lane,
a pottery painter, aged 8 1 years.

in the County of Stafford.

263

571 ; 4. Stoke-upon-Trent ; Fenton. Pop. 4923.
— Cliol. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — The only case of cholera in
this district occurred on October 10th ; at Park-lane,
in the wife of a potter, aged 40 years.

.371; 5- ! Longton. Pop. 12425. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 20 — Diarrhoea was prevalent during the
year in this locality ; 13 deaths were those of children,
not exceeding 12 months old; the only case of cholera
that proved fatal was at Market-street’ on October 4th,
the son of a pawnbroker aged one year.

372; 1. Leek; Norton. Pop. 3989. — Choi. 1;
Diarr. 3.— One fatal case of cholera in this district,
at Smallthorn, on July 26th, a collier’s son, 10 years
of age.

372; 2. ; Leek. Pop. 9572. Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 7.— Diarrhoea prevailed in the early part of
the year; on August 21st a case of cholera proved
fatal at Pickwood-road, a silk-twister, aged 46 years,
died in 74 hours after the attack ; the other case oc-
curred on September 23rd, at Compton.

372 5 3- ; Leek Frith. Pop. 2010. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

372; 4. ; Languor. Pop. 5726. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

373; 1. Cheadle; Alton. Pop. 2788. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 1.

373; 2. ; Tpstones. Pop. 4748. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

,373 ; 3< ! Dilhorne. Pop. 3602. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

373 ; 4. ; Cheadle. Pop. 6721. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 8. — The son of a labourer, aged 12 years, died
of cholera (15 hours) on September 24th at Para-
dise-lane; it was likewise fatal to a sister of the above
in the same house on the 26th: one death from
diarrhoea was recorded in the Workhouse.

374; 1. Uttoxetek; Uttoxeter. Pop. 7985.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

374; 2. ; Abbot's Bromley. Pop. 2979.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

3745 3- ; Sudbury. Pop. 3968. Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

375; 1. Burton-upon-Trent ; 7 'utbury. Pop. 6520.
Choi, r ; Diarr. 2. — On August 8th, at Foston,
a joiner aged 30 years died of cholera in 14 hours
after the attack. The 2 deaths from diarrhoea were
children under the age of one year.

375 ; 2. ; Repton. Pop. 5904. Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

375 5 3- ; Gresley. Pop. 6087. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

375: 4. ; Burton-upon-Trent. Pop. 10365.

— Choi. 5; Diarr. 11. — First fatal case of cholera
occurred on October 7th, at Goose Moor, the wife of
a labourer, aged 29 years, died in 11 hours ; the next
two deaths in the same locality on the 8th and r2th ;
the fourth case in the Workhouse on the i3th, and the
last in the Cholera Hospital on the 21st, the daughter
of a single woman, aged 6 months. Four deaths from
diarrhoea in the Workhouse, Horninglow, and one from
cholera.

376; 1. Tamworth; Tamwortli. Pop. 7710.

Choi, r; Diarr. 3. — At Anstrey, August 25th, a la-
bourer died of cholera aged 30 years.

376; 2. ; Fazetey. Pop. 5194.— Choi, r ;

Diarr. 2. — At Fazeley, July 20th, a cattle-dealer died
of cholera, aged 48 years.

377: 1. Lichfield; Lichfield. Pop. 12475.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 9. — The first case of cholera, on the
12th September, at Shire Oaks Hill, parish of Shen-
stone, the son of a labourer, aged 15 years. The Re-
gistrar states that “this case of cholera was imported
into this district from the parish of Rushall ;” the other
case, October 14th, at Bird Street, the son of a chemist,

aged 3 weeks, cholera 6 hours ; 3 cases of diarrhoea
proved fatal in the Union Workhouse.

377; 2. Lichfield; Yoxall. Pop. 5025.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

377 5 3- ; Rugeley. Pop. 6616. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera appeared on September 16th,
at Longdon, the wife of a butcher, aged 48 years,
survived the attack 25 hours; the last fatal case on
October 3rd.

378; 1. Penkridge; Penkridge. Pop. 4256.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal on August
1st to a labourer’s son, aged 2 years, at Teddesley
Hay ; the last case recorded October nth, a boatman,
aged 52 years.

378; 2. ; Brewood. Pop. 5785. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 5. — In the Union Workhouse, cholera appeared
on August r8th, a labourer’s son, aged 14 years,
died in 95 hours ; the next fatal case on September
1st, a labourer aged 41 years, cholera 12 hours;
the last, the daughter of a labourer, aged 19 years,
died in 20 hours ; on September 2nd, one death
from diarrhoea is also reported in the Union Work-
house. The Registrar, in his quarterly report to the
Registrar-General, states that, , “ the first case of
cholera was supposed to have been imported from an
infected district in Wolverhampton; the other 2 oc-
curred to Irish, who, while harvesting, slept at night
in an uncleaned feeding-stall, exposed to the exhala-
tions of a large fold yard.” Scarlatina was prevalent
in the last 3 months of the year.

378; 3. ; Cannock. Pop. 6033. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — A pot-seller, aged 40 years, died of cholera
on August 301I1.

379; 1. Wolverhampton; Tettenhall. Pop.
5142. — Choi. 4; Diarr. 3. — At Aldersby, on July
30th, the first case of cholera was fatal to a female
servant, aged 18 years, followed on September 3rd
by another death ; on September 17th the last death
occurred, the daughter of a labourer, aged 17 years.

379; 2. ; IVombourn. Pop. 3714. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal on August 30th, at
Seisdon Trysull, a labourer died aged 66 years ; the
next case on September 6th in the same locality ;
the last recorded case occurred on October 2nd, at
Upper Germ, a higgler, aged 46 years, died of diarrhoea
and cholera.

379; 3. ; Kinfare. Pop. 3439-— Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

379; 4. ; Wolverhampton Western. Pop.

13356. — Choi. 44; Diarr. 36. — Diarrhopa prevailed in
August and September, and proved fatal to 9 persons
before cholera made its appearance ; the first death
from cholera was recorded on August 17th, a thumb-
latch-maker, aged 74 years, at Hen and Chicken-yard,
Dudley-street, the following case on the 20th, a steel-
yard-maker’s daughter, aged 6 years, died in 4 hours ;
from this time 16 days elapsed before another fatal
case occurred, when on September 5th, a farmer
aged 77 years died in Temple-street, another case on
the 7th, the wife of a japanner aged 50 years also died
in Temple-street, having survived the attack 1 1 hours,
from which time to the end of September 21 cases
proved fatal, in October 13, and in November 6, the
last on the 13th, at Bennetsfold. The following
localities mostly suffered, viz. : —

Deaths.

Pountney-street . . 9

Pountneyfold, Dudley-
street . • . . .10

Pountney Pool . . 2

Deaths,

Temple-street . . 3

Pool-street ... 2
Dunstall-lane . . 3

At Pountngy-street, on September 28th and 29th
inclusive, 4 deaths from cholera occurred in the same
family. At Pountney Pool, a father and son both

264

Notes on Cholera

diet! on October 5th. Diarrhoea proved fatal to 30
children under the age of 2 years.

379; 5. Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton

Eastern. Pop. 23026. — Choi. 420; Diarr. 109. —
Cholera was very prevalent in the month of Septem-
ber, when 339 persons were fatally attacked by the
epidemic ; the first case proved fatal at Monmore
Green, on June gth, the daughter of a sawyer, aged
16 years, attacked 9 hours; the next on August 5th at
Canal street, subsequently in the same street 5 deaths
from cholera, by the nth. Towards the end of the
month a considerable increase was perceptible ; in one
day, August 3tst, 7 fatal cases were recorded ; in Sep-
tember the epidemic extended, (luctuating between 3
and 28 deaths daily, and on an average throughout
the month of September, 11 cases ot cholera daily
proved fatal. In 12 days, from September 3rd to
the 14th inclusive, 216 persons died ; and after the
1 8th, on which day 15 deaths occurred, the epidemic
somewhat abated; from the 18th to the end of the
month, 62 cases proved fatal ; in the first 6 days of
October 25 persons died, by the end of the month 10
more were added to the lists of mortality. The last
fatal case was recorded on October 23rd in the Union
Workhouse, a labourer’s son, aged 4 years; the greatest
number of deaths from cholera took place on September
14th, on which day 28 persons died, 8 of whom were
in the Union Workhouse, the others chiefly in Walsall
street, Willenhall-road, Canal-street, Bilston-street,
&c. ; 230 males and 190 females died from cholera.
The following are the ages in 3 periods of life : —

Localities.

In the Bilston-road 3 deaths from cholera occurred
on September 10th, also 2 on the nth, 5 on the 12th,
and 3 on the 13th; on September 5th, 8 persons
died of cholera, in Willenhall-road; a labourer
aged 40 years, with his 3 sons, aged 5, 10, and 12
years, and his 3 daughters, aged 2, 8, and 16 years,
all died from cholera, in Willenhall-road, in 7 days,
from September 4th to the loth inclusive ; the 2
daughters of a miner also died in one day, September
4th, in the Willenhall-road ; a blacksmith and his wife
both died from cholera, on the same day, in the Union
House, also a weaver and his wife at Caribbee Island
on September 12th. The following are the occupations
of some of the sufferers from cholera, and the locali-
ties infected : —

Occupations. Deaths from

Cholera.

Labourers, their wives and families

«

139

Miners

ditto

#

«

79

Locksmiths

ditto

•

J9

Puddlers

ditto

#

10

Cordwainers

ditto

.

8

Blacksmiths

ditto

6

Latch, hinge, I

mill, file, and;

• ditto

#

•

16

buckle makers. J

Forgemen and 1

• ditto

I

11

fumacemen . J
Carpenters, brick-

layers, sawyers,

> ditto

•

•

10

and painters .

J

Bakers

ditto

•

•

3

Engineers

ditto

•

«

4

Boatmen

ditto

•

•

4

Canal-street .
Walsall-street.
Willenhall-road
Monmore-green
Back-lane.
Caribbee Island
Coles’ Croft .
Bilston-road .

24

20

55

33

7

16

7

15

Bilston-street .
Ghillington Works
Horseley Fields
Charles-street
Falklaml-street
Castle-place .
Castle-yard .
Staffbrd-street

Union Workhouse .
Cholera Hospital
Union Workhouse

"1

Total

Choi.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

105

19

73

13

19

* *

16

3

Male.

Fem.

Total.

Under 15 years of age ,

75

59

*34

15 years and under 60 .

123

103

226

60 years and upwards .

32

28

60

One case of diarrhoea proved fatal in the Workhouse ;
diarrhoea prevailed in the months of August and Sep-
tember, and was fatal to 45 children under the age of
one year, to 46 at one year of age and under 15 ; to 7 at
1 5 and under 60 ; and to 1 1 at 60 years of age and
upwards. .

379 -, 6. Wolverhampton; Willenhall. Pop. 11863.
—Choi. 281; Diarr. 27.— Cholera was very fatal in
this sub-district, and 160 males and 12 1 females were in
a short time deprived of life ; it was fatal to 167 per-
sons in 12 days, viz., from September 1st to the 12th,
both inclusive ; the first case occurred on August
17th, at Moseley Hole, the son of a brickmaker,
aged 7 years, who survived the attack 8 hours ; the suc-
ceeding case occurred on the 2 1st, then followed a
continuous increase of mortality to the 29th, on which
day 19 deaths were recorded; the greatest severity of
the epidemic was felt on September 4th, when 21
persons died ; the duration of attacks fluctuated be-
tween 8 and 48 hours; after September 16th the
mortality abated, and from October 21st the epidemic
ceased. On August 28th, the 2 sons of a locksmith
died of cholera, in Birmingham-street, and on Au-
gust 28th and 29th, the 3 children of a tailor in
Wolverhampton-street. It was roost fatal in the
families of labourers, locksmiths, miners, boltmakers,
keymakers, latchmakers, &c., &c. The localities in
which cholera greatly prevailed were : —

Deaths from
Cholera.

Portobello. ... 78
Moseley Hole . . 7

Birmingham-street . 8

Wolverhampton-street 6
Walsall-street. . .22

Rose Hill. . . .11

Love-lane ... 3

Gashouse-lane . . 7

The Registrar, in his quarterly report to the Re-
gistrar-General. states that “the greatest number of
cholera cases has taken place in those localities where
drainage, sewerage, ventilation, and water are most
wanted.”

379 ! 7- ; Bilston. Pop. 20181. — Choi. 612;

Diarr. 63. — Cholera in a malignant form visited the
township and chapelry of Bilston with great severity ;
a gradual augmentation of mortality occurred in Au-
gust, a very considerable increase in September, and
a manifest tendency to abate by the middle of Octo-
ber; during these months the deaths from cholera
were 68, 457, and 83 respectively. The first 2 cases
occurred on July 17th at Moorcroft, viz., the widow
of a blacksmith, aged 68 years, who survived
the attack 6 hours; the other, a puddler, aged 19

Morficle-lane .

Deaths from
Cholera.

• • 7

L> eve-lane

. . 6

Heath . . .

. . 11

Water Glade .

. . 4

Love-alley

• • 4

New Inn yard

. . 8

Cross-street .

. . 8

Buggins lane

• • 4

265

in the County

years, died in 14 hours ; the next case followed on the
24th, succeeded by another on August 7th, and con-
tinued to increase with rapidity to September 9th,
on which day 30 deaths were recorded. In the follow-
ing 13 days the epidemic fluctuated between 9 and 27
deaths daily ; during the remainder of the month, from
the 23rd to the 30th inclusive, 57 deaths took place ;
the average daily deaths from cholera throughout
the month of September was 15. At Pipes Meadows
in 7 days, from September 3rd to the 9th, both in-
clusive, 21 cases of cholera proved fatal, 5 occurring
in one day, the 7th ; the 4 children of a tailor resid-
ing in Union-street died of cholera on September
18th and 19th ; also at Quarry-lane, the 3 children
of a miner died on September 8th and 9tn ; and
on October 16th, a labourer and his wife both
died at Hallfields; 5 deaths liom the epidemic
are recorded on September 5th in Birch-buildings,
and 6 on the 13th in Temple-street ; a father and son
were both attacked in Gibbet-lane on the 13th Sep-
tember, and died on the same day. In the first 9 days
of October the deaths from cholera ranged from
4 to 16 on each day; after the 9th the mortality per-
ceptibly declined, and from that time to the end of
the month 16 deaths were recorded; one death was
registered in November, on the 1 ith, after which date
the town was relieved of a visitation from which the
sacrifice of human life was fearfully great. The fol-
lowing streets and contiguous neighbourhoods suf-
fered severely.

Total

Choi.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Duck-lane ....

21

12

9

, ,

Gozzard-street • .

26

8

17

I

Rowley’s-square, Goz- 1

6

6

zard-street . . . . f

Stone-street ....

6

4

2

. .

Bridge-street ....

24

6

w

I

Oxford-street ....
Jackson’s-square, Oxford- 1

34

4

21

9

street /

4

* *

4

Brown’s-buildings

4

. .

4

. .

Bassel’s-yard ....

5

• .

5

Temple-street. . . .

3r

3

24

4

Union-street . . . .

l6

2

14

New Village ....

23

6

13

4

Brook-street ....

22

3

19

• •

Warwick-street . . .

4

I

3

High street ....

8

2

2

4

Coseley-street . . .

19

2

12

5

Market-place ....

3

I

2

• •

Pipes Meadows ...

35

I

34

• .

Bristol-street ....

IO

I

9

• •

Hare-street ....

15

11

4

Gibbet-lane ....

15

15

. .

Wol verham pton-street .

23

17

6

Wolverhampton-road

4

4

• •

Birches-buildings • .

17

17

• •

Workhousefold . . .

9

9

• •

Walsall-street. . . .

22

18

4

Church-street. . . .

4

3

1

Bradley .....

14

9

5

Farthing-row ....

8

I

7

• •

Priests-fields ....

17

14

3

Green Croft ....

U

7

4

Shropshire or Salop-row .

13

2

9

2

Hall-fields. ....

7

• •

7

Mill-fields

4

4

• .

Hallford

9

5

4

Quarry-lane ....

, II

7

4

of Stafford.

In the Cholera Hospital, Bilston, 42 deaths took
place from cholera, and 2 in the Workhouse at Old
Bilston. 314 were males, and 298 females, who died
of cholera during the year 1849 ; of this number 238
were under 15 years of age, 329 were from 15 to 60
years of age, and 45 at 60 years and upwards ; in
August,- September, and October, 608 deaths were
ascribed to cholera, and during those 3 months
63 to other causes of death. Diarrhoea prevailed
throughout the year, a few isolated cases occur-
ring prior to the first appearance of cholera, and
was most fatal in September, principally to children ;
remarkably severe in a few cases, approaching in
character to cholera, from the quick termination of
life, namely from 7 to 27 hours' illness. With reference
to the trades and occupations of the sufferers from
cholera, it appears that miners, puddlers, shinglers,
blankmakers, mechanics, labourers, &c., with their
wives and children, suffered severely; from the com-
mencement of the attack to the termination of life,
in the majority of cases, but a few hours intervened.
The Registrar, in his quarterly report to the Registrar-
General, states that “ about 60 interments in the
September quarter took place without registration,
owing to my own severe illness, and the impossibility
of my deputy leaving home to seek proper inform-
ants, from the constant applications made to register
deaths.”

380; 1. Walsall; Darlaston. Pop. 8672.

Choi. 44; Diarr. 16. — On July 15th, a labourer,
aged 42 years, died of cholera, at Fallen’s-heath ; the
next fatal case was on August 25 th, followed by
another on the 30th. In September 34 persons died
of this disease, and in October 7, the last death
occurring on the 17th. A Heathfield, the Green,
Catherine’s Cross, Pinfold-street, Moxley, &c., the
attacks were of short duration and most malignant.
Miners, gun-lock filers, locksmiths, screw-forgers, la-
bourers, &c., with their families, fell victims to the
epidemic.

380; 2. ; Bloxwicli. — Pop. 4827. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1.— October 29th, the wife of a bitmaker, aged
30 years, died of cholera in 24 hours.

380 ; 3. ; Walsall. Pop. 16056.— Choi. 138 ;

Diarr. 27. — The mortality from cholera during the
months of September and October was consider-
able; 138 persons died after a few hours’ ill-
ness. The first case, in a labourer, aged 25 years, was
fatal on September 1st, in theUnion Workhouse ; the
next 2 cases on the 7th, another on the nth; in
September 27 deaths were recorded; in the month
of October the epidemic rapidly increased in severity,
on the 2nd 17 deaths occurred; on the 3rd, 13 ; on
the 4th, 8 ; by the end of the month, 105 persons died
chiefly of the working classes, residing at Wolver-
hampton-road, Rushall-street, Newtown-row, New-
street, Townend Bank, Stafford-street, Marsh-
lane, Green-lane, Blue-lane, Wisemore, Rye-
croft-street, Park-street, &c. In the Union Workhouse
28 cases of cholera proved fatal. At Townend-street
the wife of a rim-lock maker and her 3 children died
of cholera, between October 4th and 12th ; also a
tailor and his wife, in the same street, on October
2nd and 7th.

380; 4. ; Aldridge. Pop. 4698.— Choi. 3;

Diarr. 10. — The first case of cholera proved fatal
on September 7th, in Acn-street, Rushall, a miner,
57 years of age, who died in 39 hours. The next
case occurred on the 21st, in Ann-street ; the last
case in Ryecroft, October 1st. 6 children died of

I diarrhoea.

381; r. West Bromwich; Handsworth.

Pop. 6138. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — At Birchfield, on

266

Notes on Cholera

September 19th, a labourer, aged 50 years, died of
cholera, after 7 hours’ illness.

381 ; 2. West Bromwich ; Oldbury. Pop. 8694. —
Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 21. — The deaths of II males and 5
females are referred to cholera; the first fatal case
occurred on September 7th, at Bristnall Fields, a la-
bourer, aged 43 years. The last death from cholera
was on November nth. 5 adults died of diarrhoea;
the rest were children belonging to miners, labourers,
cordwainers, &c.

381 ; 3. ; South West Bromwich. Pop. 13034.

. — Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 16. — In Duke-street, a widow
aged 74 years died of cholera, on July 21st. It
was the first case. Another person died on Septem-
ber 15th ; 3 fatal cases followed on the 24th. The
last death occurred on October 22nd. The epidemic
prevailed in Greet-green, Sheepwash-lane, Glover-
street, &c.

381 ; 4. ; North East Bromwich. Pop. 13087.

— Choi. 10; Diarr. 16. — First fatal case of cholera in
this sub-district was recorded on August 31st,, at
New-street, Hill-top, a pattern-maker, aged 57 years,
died in 12 hours, collapse 4 hours. The last case
on October 18th at Hill-top, the son of a tailor,
aged one year, died in 6 hours. One death from
cholera and one from diarrhoea occurred in the work-
house.

381; 5. ; fVednesbury. Pop. 11625.

Choi. 212; Diarr. 51. — Cholera appeared in the
parish of Wednesbury in September and October,
in which months the deaths were 143 and 67 re-
spectively ; the first fatal case was recorded at
Kingshill Fields, on August 6th, the wife of a
labourer, aged 33 years; the only other case in
August occurred on the 31st, at Bolton-square,
where subsequently, on September 1st and 2nd,
the next cases proved fatal to members of the same
family, namely, a puddler's wife and 2 children,
averaging each about 12 hours between the attack
and death ; also on September 6th and 7th,
the wife of a labourer and daughter died in the
above square. From the commencement of September,
the epidemic increased up to the 17th, on which day
10 deaths took place; after this period a gradual
decrease was observable, which continued towards
the close of the month, but was of short duration ;
in October it increased, in the first 9 days 50 deaths
took place, and by the 29th of the month 17
more occurred ; the last death was on the 29th, at
Potter’s-lane. Cholera was fatal to 126 males and
86 females.

From birth to 15 years .

15 years and under 60 years
60 years and upwards .

Total . . .

At Ridding-lane, a gas-tube finisher and his 2
children died of cholera on the 9th, 12th, and 17th
September; 011 September 19th, in one day, 5
deaths occurred at High Bullen; it prevailed with
great severity amongst the families of miners,
puddlers, labourers, carpenters, smiths, &c., residing
in the following neighbourhoods: —

Deaths from
Cholera.

Bolton-square, 1

Mo n way-field

. f ^

Lea Brook .

• . 21

Dudley-street

• • 13

Queen-street.

• .21

Holyhead-road

• • 12

Portway-road

• • 17

Market-place.

. . 2

High Bullen .

. . 23

High-street .
Ridding-lane .
Camphill-lane
Bilston-road .
Meeting-street
Brick-kiln Holes
Union-street .
Potter’s-lane .

Deaths from
Cholera.

5

3

5

2

14

7

3
3

Choi.

Diarr.

Hospital, Bilston-road ....

9

• •

Temporary Infirmary, Bilston-road.

II

I

Poorhouse and Workhouse .

2

8

Cholera.

M.

F.

Total.

42

29

71

73

47

120

II

IO

21

126

86

212

382; i. Dudley; Eowley Regis. Pop. mu. —
Choi. 14; Diarr. 40. — Diarrhoea prevailed in October
and November, principally fatal to children ; the
first case of cholera occurred on October 3rd, at
Twidale, a collier's wife, aged 33 years ; the next
death, on the 8th at Lawrence-lane, where many
subsequent deaths occurred, also at Wilkes’ Hill,
Redhall Hill, New Town, &c. The last death from
cholera occurred at New Town, November 25th.

382; 2. ; Tipton. Pop. 18891. — Choi. 112 ;

Diarrhoea 65. — Cholera was very prevalent from
September 15th to October 4th, during which
period, 69 deaths were registered from this disease;
a shoemaker’s wife, aged 58 years, residing at Hurst-
lane, was the first attacked, and died in 12
hours; the next occurred on August 13th, at
Toll-end. The epidemic was fatal to miners,
smiths, shoemakers, bricklayers, carpenters, pud-
dlers, forgemen, labourers, &c.. and their wives and
children, located in Toll-end. Lea Brook, Park-lane,
Church-lane, Coppice-street, Wood-street, Union-
street, Cross-street, Owen-street, Watery-lane. In the
Cholera Hospital there were 5 dea hs f rom cholera and
one from diarrhoea; the last death from cholera
took place on December 5th, at Watery-lane. 52
deaths from diarrhoea were those of children under
the age of 2 years.

382 ; 3. ; Sedgley. Pop. 24819. — Choi. 202 ;

Diarr. 69. — Cholera prevailed in the months of Sep-
tember, October, and November, the deaths being
86, 87, and 28 respectively ; it was first fatal to the
wife of a labourer, aged 30 years, residing at High-
fields, Coseley, on August 2ist; the next case
was on September 4th, and the last on Novem-
ber 24th, at Gospeland-strcet. The deaths from
cholera were numerous in the subjoined localities : —

Deaths from Cholera.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Total.

High-fields, Coseley.

6

I

7

Deep-fields , ,

Mount Pleasant, Deep-1

8

• •

8

5

fields )

7

Darkhouse-lane, Coseley.

8

• .

8

Catchem’s-corner. .

2

2

4

Hall-green ....

4

8

I

13

Sodom. .....

4

4

8

Daisey Bank, Brierly

7

3

IO

Can-lane

I

5

6

Gornal-wood ....

I

IO

7

18

Lower Gornal. . . .

3

..

I

4

267

in the Counties of Stafford and Worcester.

j Brierly-lane . . •

1 Round Hill, Coseley .
High-fields, Brieily .
High-fields, Ettingshall
Ettingshall . . •
i Gospeland-street .

Old End ....
New Walbrook, Coseley

Smiths, miners, carpenters, labourers, moulders,
nailmakers, &c., &c., and their families, were the
greatest sufferers, of whom 79 were under 20 years
of age, and 123 adults above that age; of the deaths
from diarrhoea, 61 were under the age of 20 years,
and 8 adults. Three children ofthe same father died of
cholera at Daisey Bank, 2 on the 27th and one on
September 29th, also the wife and child of a labourer
at Brierly-lane on September 26th and 28th, and
a miner and his daughter died on September 22nd,

1 at Hall-green.

382; 4. Dudley; Dudley. Pop. 31232. —

Choi. 84; Drarr. 96. — Diarrhoea was prevalent in
September, October, and November ; the mortality
was considerable amongst children under 5 years
of age. The first fatal case of cholera occurred on
September 4th, at the Poorhouse, a labourer, aged
17 years, survived the attack 19 hours; the next case
on the 10th, in the Union Workhouse, Tower-street ;
by the end of the month of September 21 persons
were fatally attacked. The epidemic increased in
the early part of October; during the first ir
days, 26 fatal cases occurred, followed by 12 more
by the end of the month; in November 16, and
in December 8. The last case that proved fatal
occurred on December 22nd, at Netherton. Four
deaths from diarrhoea were recorded in the Union
Workhouse, and 12 from cholera, viz., 9 in September,
2 in October, and 2 in December ; in the following
streets, &e., the inhabitants suffered from cholera
and diarrhoea : — Birmingham-street/Wolverhampton-
street, Grey-stone-street, Woodside, Oakey Well-
street, Holly Hall, Bowling Green, &c.

26. WORCESTERSHIRE.

383; 1. Stourbridge; Hales Owen. Pop. 8m.
— Choi. 7; Diarr. 8. — Cholera in this locality was
fatal to 5 males and 2 females; its first appearance
was at Husbury, on July 22nd, a labourer died,
aged 30 years, duration of attack 18 hours ; sub-
sequently 3 other cases proved fatal at Husbury ;
the last case recorded was at Islington, on Novem-
ber 14th, the wife of a nailer, aged 47 years.

383; 2. ; Stourbridge. Pop. 17597-

Choi. 95 ; Diarr. 38.— Ten cases of diarrhoea proved
fatal in the early part of the year ; the first appear-
ance of cholera was on July 22nd, at Lower-lane,
a forgeman died, aged 48 years ; the next case on
August 27th; from this time to the end ot the
year the epidemic prevailed, and was fatal in Sep-
tember to 15 persons; in October 23 ; in November
39; and in December 15. Children under 15 years
of age suffered in the proportion of nearly one-
half; the last case that occurred was 011 Decem-
ber 29th, at Waste Lye, the son of a chair-maker,
aged 3 years. At Waste Bank, Wollescote, 25
deaths from cholera were registered, 13 occurring
between the 1st and 12th November (both inclusive);

Deaths from Cholera.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Total.

7

, ,

, ,

7

5

8

. •

13

5

6

. •

II

..

4

2

6

• •

I

4

5

I

2

5

8

2

3

. .

5

I

2

3

6

the following localities also suffered, at Waste Lye,
19 deaths ; Banden’s Green Lye, 7 ; Crown-lane,
6 ; Crab-street, 4 ; Angel-street, 3 ; &c. With
reference to the trades and occupations of the suf-
ferers, it appears that 47 were nailers, or their wives
and children ; 16 labourers, 9 miners, 8 anvil-makers,
including their families. The Registrar states that
“ there were 29 deaths more from cholera than took
place on the visitation of this disease in 1832, and
there has been an unusually large number of children
still-born.”

383 ; 3. Stourbridge; Kingswinford. Pop. 22221.
— Cliol. 212 ; Diarr. 27. — Cholera was very preva-
lent. in September and October, in which months
were recorded respectively 131 and 72 deaths; the
epidemic appeared on August 28th, at Wallheatli, a
pedlar, aged 26 years, died in 15 hours ; by the end
of the month 3 other deaths occurred. On September
13th, there were 10 deaths ; on the 14th, 7 ; and on
the 30th, 11 ; alter October 14th, on which day 5
deaths occurred, the epidemic abated, and from that
time to the end of the month there were 12 deaths ;
in November, 3; and in December, 2; the last
case on December 19th, at Thornes, a forgeman,
aged 24 years. In the Union House, Wordsley,
on September 2nd to November 1st inclusive, 29
deaths from cholera took place, 4 deaths also occurred
from diarrhoea. Miners and labourers, with their
families, chiefly suffered in the following localities,
viz. : — Commonside, Brockmoor, Bromley, Wordsley-
green, Tansey-green, Bug Pool, &c.

384; 1. Kidderminster; Chaddesley Corbett. —
Pop. 2058. — Cliol. 2; Diarr. 1. — Two deaths from
cholera at Chaddesley Corbett on the 5th and 24th
September: first, a labourer, 80 years of age ; second,
a bricklayer, 37 years of age.

384; 2. ; Wolverley. Pop. 2384. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 2. — At Churchill, on September 17th, died of
cholera, an itinerant beggar, aged 65 years.

384; 3. ; Kidderminster. Pop. 17741.

Choi. 10 ; Diarr. 24. — In this town during the month
of October, 6 cases of cholera proved fatal ; the
epidemic first appeared on September 9th, at New-
place. Borough, the daughter of a weaver, aged 5
years ; the next case on the 14th, in Orchard-street,
the last case occurred on October 19th, at Mill-
street, described as a labourer, aged 18 years. In
Patt’s-lane, 3 deaths, viz. : — on the 8th, 9th, and
10th October respectively, and in Clensmore-lane,
a mother and daughter, on the same day, also died
of cholera. 16 cases of diarrhoea during the year
proved fatal to children.

384; 4. ; Lower Mitt on. Pop. 3012.-

Choi, o ; Diarr. I.

384; 5. ; Bewdley. Pop. 4212. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6.

385; 1. Tenbury; Tenbury. Pop. 4045.

Choi, o; Diarr. 2.

385; 2. ; Bockleton. Pop. 3021. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

386; 1. Martley; Martley. Pop. 3203.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

386; 2. ; Witley. Pop. 3168. — Choi, o:

Diarr. o.

386; 3. ; Holt. Pop. 3196. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

386; 4. ; Leigh. Pop. 3554- — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera proved fatal on the
9th October, in 36 hours, to a labourer, aged 27
years.

387; 1. Worcester; West Worcester.

Pop. 7912. — Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 9. — Cholera commenced
in this sub-district on the 1st September; at 31 Broad-

Notes on Cholera

268

street, All Saints, the son of a butcher, aged one year, .
uied in 8 hiurs ; the next case on the 2nd, ill New-
port-street; 2 cases on the I2th, at Dolby ; the last
fatal case on the 24th, at Friars-alley, a stone-mason,
aged 20 years, duration of illness 15 hours.

387 ; 2. Worcester; North Worcester. Pop. 9851.
— Choi. 22; Diarr. 12. — In this sub-district of Wor-
cester is situated the Cholera Hospital and the Union
Workhouse; in the former occurred 13 deaths from
cholera, and one from diarrhoea; in the latter, 7 from
cholera, and 4 from diarrhoea; apart from the above
institutions, 2 cases of cholera were fatal, one on the
23rd September, at Park-place, the other on the 22nd,
at Lowesmoor ; the first death from cholera in the
hospital occurred on the 14th July, the daughter of
a labourer, aged 5 years; a sister of the above died
on the 15th, and another on the 16th. The last
death from cholera was recorded the 4th October,
in the hospital, a charwoman, aged 40 years, cholera
14 days, fever 7 days, abortion 3 days. The
Pegistrar, in his quarterly report to the Registrar-
General, stated that “ the Cholera Hospital admitted
patients from all the parishes in the Union.”

387 ; 3. ; South Worcester. Pop. 9370. —

Choi. 15; Diarr. 6. — On the 29th June, cholera
was fatal to a boy, aged 2^ years, in 9 hours, at
Hooper's-buildings ; the next case, on the 5th July,
at Digles-street, the son of a leather-parer, aged 13
years ; a brother of the above died of cholera on
the 6th, the father on the 9th, and the mother on
the 10th ; the last death took place on the 7th October.
Digles-street, Merivale, Quay-street, and Copenhagen-
street mostly suffered from the cholera epidemic.

388 ; 1. Upton-on-Severn ; Hanley Castle.

Pop. 7064. — Choi, o; Diarr. 3.

388; 2. ; Upton-on-Severn. Pop. 6333.

Choi. 13 ; Diarr. o. — Cholera prevailed 111 this district,
more particularly in the Union House, where 8 persons
died, chiefly in November, viz., 6 from the 1st to
the 10th ; the epidemic first appeared on the 7th June,
at Long Green, a porter, aged 20 years, died of
cholera in 2 days, and 3 children of the same
family died at Fish-row, on the 26th to the 30th
August.

388; 3. ; Kcmpsey. Pop. 3494. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

389; r. Evesham; Evesham. Pop. 7139.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 8 — There were two deaths from
diarrhoea in the Union Workhouse.

389; 2. ; Broadway. Pop. 6750 — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

390; r. Pershore; Echington. Pop. 4237.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

390; 2. ; Pershore. Pop. 6012. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

390; 3. ; Upton Snodsbury. Pop. 3133. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

391; x. Droitwich; Claines. Pop. 6264.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 3. — First case of cholera recorded
4th September, the daughter of a tallow-chandler,
aged 4 years ; next case on the 7th, and the last on
the nth; the daughter of a boatman, aged 2 years,
who survived the attack 14 hours.

391; 2. ; Omhersley. Pop. 4952. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

391 ; 3. ; Droitwich. Pop. 6252. — Choi. 19;

Diarr. 4. — Cholera was fatal to 11 males and 8
females ; the first case was in the wife of a labourer,
aged 48 years, on the 27th August, at Henbrook ;
another ill the same locality, on the 28th ; the
epidemic gradually increased in September and
October, and entirely ceased on the 10th November.
Henbrook, Upton Brook, in the Liberties, and

Wickbould, &c., were the vicinities in which cholera
prevailed.

392; 1. Bromsgrove; Bromsgrove. Pop. 11247.
— Choi. 19 ; Di.irr. 15. — On the 23rd July a case of
cholera proved fatal in 36 hours, at Holy -lane, to a
labourer’s widow, aged 28 years; next death the 21st
August ; and by the end of September, 1 3 more
occurred, chiefly attacking the working classes and
their families; the character of the epidemic was
severe in 9 cases, the average duration between the
attack and death was but ro hours. On the 28th
September and 5th October, in each of those days, 3
deaths from cholera occurred ; the last case which
proved fatal was recorded on the 6th October, ou
this day the epidemic ceased. In Stoke Prior, 5
deaths; Holy-lane, 3; Worcester-street, 3; Stoke
Pound, 3. Four deaths from diarrhoea took place
in the Union House, and 10 deaths from diarrhoea
were described as children of nailers, labourers, &c.

392; 2. ; Belbroughton. Pop. 4459,

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

392; 3. -— — ; Tardebigg. Pop. 6721. — Choi, o;
Diarr. I.

393; 1. King’s Norton; King’s Norton.

Pop. 6207. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 5. — At Stnckley-street,
on the 17th February, cholera proved fatal to the
daughter of a gun-barrel-maker, aged 19 years ; the
other case, on the 22nd August, at Houndsfield,
the son of a farmer, aged 5 weeks, cholera 6 days.

393; 2. ; Edgbaston. Pop. 8810. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera appeared on the 1st September,
at Woodgate, Northfield, subsequently in the same
locality, by the 5th, 3 other deaths occurred. The
last fatal case was on the 7th October, at Bell Barn-
road, a bricklayer, aged 30 years, cholera 21 hours
(inquest').

395! 3- ; Harborne. Pop. 6657. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 8. — With one exception, all were children
about the age of 2 years.

27. WARWICKSHIRE.

394; 1. Birmingham, LadyWood. Pop. 12325-
— Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 24. — First fatal case of cholera,
the 10th September, a gentleman’s widow, aged
66 years, after 16 days’ illness, at No. 1 Court,
Tyndall-street; second, on the 19th, a japanner’s
daughter, aged 2 months, at St. Mark’s-street ;
third; on the 20th, duration 4 days and 10 hours,
a plater, aged 28 years, at 24 Hill-street ; fourth, on
the 2nd October, a labourer’s daughter, aged 7 years,
cholera 14 hours (inquest), at No. 13 Essington-
street ; last fatal case on the nth October, a
striker's son, aged 8 years, cholera 20 hours, (inquest),
at No. 9 Court, 9 House Mill-street. Of the 24 deaths
from diarrhoea, 2i were children under one year;
diarrhoea prevailed throughout the year, principally
in September.

394; 2. ; St. Thomas. Pop. 18237.

Choi. 3; Diarr. 44. — Cholera appeared in this
district on the 4th September; first case, in a
bricklayer’s son, aged 16, Queen’s Hospital, Bath-
row ; second fatal case on the 6th September, the
daughter of a brass-founder, aged one year, at
Latimer-street South ; last case. October 8th,
cholera 11 hours (inquest), a plumber, aged 29 years,
at Box Iron-court, Fordrough-street. Diarrhoea was
fatal in August to 11 persons, in September 8, in
October 7, and in November 5 ; 20 persons were
under the age of 2 years ; one death from cholera was
recorded in Queen’s Hospital, Bath-row, and 2 from
diarrhoea ; Bishopsgate-street, Gough-street, Latimer-
street, Wharf-street, &c., were some of the localities
iu which diarrhoea appeared.

in the County

394; 3. Birmingham ; St. Martin. Pop. 16858. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 62. — No cholera in this sub-district ;
diarrhoea prevailed in June and July, and increased
in August, at its height in September and October,
and declined by the end of the year. 62 deaths
occurred, and with the exception of 13 all were under
the age of 4 years ; the neighbourhoods of St.
Martin’s-lane, Park-street, Floodgate-street, Milk-
street, Hurst-street, Bromsgrove-street, Trent-street,
Allison-street, Oxford-street, &c., mostly suffered.

394; 4. ; St. Peter. Pop. 14166. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 50. — The first and only case of cholera oc-
curred on the 19th July, at 40 Lawrence-street, a
painter, aged 45 years ; duration of attack, 5 days.
Diarrhoea proved fatal in Park-street, Lawrence-
street, Coleshill-street, Sheep-street, Stafford-street,
Duke-street, &c. ; 50 deaths were recorded, 40 of
whom were children about 2 years of age, chiefly
belonging to artisans and tradesmen.

394; 5. ; St. Philip. Pop. 12197. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 24. — The only recorded case of cholera oc-
curred on the 17th August, a coachmaker’s wife,
aged 73 years ; duration of attack, 28 hours at Park-
lane. Diarrhoea prevailed in August, September,
and October, fatal in the following localities, — ' Tonk-
street, New-street, Inkleys-street, Cherry-street, &c.

394; 6. ; St. Paul. Pop. 12641. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 27. — No fatal case of cholera in this district.
Diarrhoea appeared in the autumn, and proved fatal to
one adult and 26 children, visiting Livery-street,
Charles-street, Lionel-street, Fleet-street, &c., and
adjacent neighbourhoods.

394; 7. ; St. Mary. Pop. 17679. — Choi. 16;

Diarr. 83. — The first death from cholera took place on
the 7th September, at No. 12 London Prentice-street,
a tinman’s wife, aged 27 years ; the second on the
15th, at Court 10 House, 7 London Prentice-street,
a slater’s widow, aged 35 years, cholera 32 hours
( inquest ) ; the epidemic then assumed a malignant
form in the Workhouse, and fatally attacked, between
the 3rd and 19th October, 14 persons, all male adults
(except 2), of whom 5 were insane paupers. 32 fatal
cases of diarrhoea occurred in the Workhouse, chiefly
before and after cholera had shown itself ; diarrhoea
proved fatal in August and September, cholera in
October, the last case on the 19th, in the Workhouse.
London Prentice-street, John-street, Lancaster-street,
Whit tail-street, Loveday-street, Lichfield-street, &c.,
were localities in which the epidemic prevailed.
The Registrar states in his quarterly report, that the
first fatal case of cholera was that of a woman who
came from Bilston ; the second was a resident, sup-
posed to have taken the disease from washing the
clothes of the former.

394 ; 8. ; St. George. Pop. 24974. — Choi. 3 ,

Diarr. 94. — Cholera was first fatal in the case, of
the son of a spur-maker, aged 4 months, at 39 Great
Hampton-street ; second case, a button-turner’s son,
aged 2 years, cholera 10 hours ( inquest ) ; on the 6th
September, at 24 Court-street, George-street, and on
the 30th December, a boy, aged one year, died of
cholera at the Asylum for Infant Poor, at which
Asylum, 6 deaths from diarrhoea were recorded, and
at the General Hospital, 2 deaths by diarrhoea; 86
other cases proved fatal in ihe vicinities of Upper and
Lower Tower-street, Hospital-street, St. George-
street, Blew-street, Smith-street, &c. Diarrhoea was
very fatal to artisans and their chi dren, in the
months of July, August, September, and October; in
a few cases a short time elapsed between the attack
and death.

394; 9. ; Ail Saints. Pop. 10138. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 19. — 7 males and 12 females died of diar-

of Warwick. 269

rhoea ; 2 only were adults, and 10 under the age of
one year.

395 ; 1. Aston ; Deritend. Pop. 18019.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 32. — On the 28th April, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 4 months, died of cholera after 3 days
attack, at Bardesley Green ; last case on November
14th, a carpenter, aged 43 years, at Edward-street.

395 ; 2. ; Duddeston. Pop. 20079.- '

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 58. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer,
aged 33 years, 17th August, at 17 Court, Aston-road,
the second case, a gun-maker, aged 83 years, ill 4
days at 63, Ashted-row. Diarrhoea was epidemic in
August, at its height in September, and declined in
October; it fatally attacked 58 persons, in the pro-
portion of one adult to 15 children.

395 ! 3- ; Erdinyton. Pop. 7620. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 12. — First and only case of cholera on the 14th
August, a wheelwright, aged 52 years, at Ward-end
Little Bromwick,

395 ; 4. ; Sutton Coldfield. Pop. 5259.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

396; 1. Meriden; Coleshill. Pop. 5268. •

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

396; 2. ; Meriden. Pop. 6334. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — On the 20th August died of cholera
(attacked 2 days), at Filloughley, a single-woman’s
son, aged 2 years.

397; 1. Atherstone; Atherstone. Pop. 10891.
— Chol.o; Diarr. 8.

398; 1. Nuneaton ; Nuneaton. Pop. 12250. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. II. — First case of cholera on March
30th, an agricultural labourer’s son, aged 3 months,
at Hockley Hole, Stockingford; the other case in the
Union House, a labourer, aged 23 years.

399; 1. Foleshill; Foleshill. Pop. 12650.

Cliol. 23; Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera
occurred on the 13th January, the son of a pattern
reader, aged 2 years; from the 28th July, the
epidemic spread rapidly, and proved fatal to 21
persons by the nth September, at which date the
epidemic ceased ; the last sufferer was a female
weaver, aged 62 years.

399; 2. ; Sowe, Pop. 4696. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o.

400; 1. Coventry ; St. John. Pop. 19123.

Choi. 91 ; Diarr. 52.— Cholera presented itself in this
sub-district on the 14th July, first case recorded the
son of an engine-driver, aged 11 months, at Spon-
street; next case on the 13th August, at Much Park-
street ; between this time and the 5th September, 4
deaths occurred ; from this date the epidemic increased
in virulence, in the month of September to 78 persons ;
it declined in the succeeding month to 12 deaths,
disappearing on the 25th October, the last case a
weaver, aged 75 years, cholera 18 hours, at White-
friars-lane. The termination of life in this district was
rapid, in many instances under 20 hours, most fatal
in the following streets, &c. : — In Spon-street, 13;
Much Park-street, 9 ; Sinithford-street, 4; St. John’s-
street, 4; Whitefriars-street, 4; Greyfriais-lane, 4;
and in the barracks, 8, namely, 5 soldiers and 3
married women ; the majority of deaths were the
young and middle-aged, chiefly weavers and their
families.

400; 2. ; Holy Trinity. Pop. 1 1909.

Chul. in; Diarr. 54. — After 15 fatal cases of
diarrhoea in the early portion of the year, cholera
visited the district on the 15th July ; first fatal case
in a weaver’s daughter, aged 2 years, ill 14 hours,
at Far Gosford-street ; next case a silk-tiller, aged
29 years, on the 16th, at Harnal-lane ; it then
spread with severity, and by the end of Septem-
ber, 106 persons were victims to its ravages; the

270

Notes on Cholera

epidemic then abated, and on the 8th November
the last case was recorded, a weaver’s wife, aged 23
years, cholera 24 hours, at Brewery-street. In the
month of September, 75 deaths by cholera occurred,
and in one day, the 8th September, 9 deaths; on the
9th, 7; on the 10th, 4; the average duration of
attack not exceeding 24 hours. In the following
localities the epidemic was most fatal, particularly
in Well-street; from the 27th to the 30th August,
13 deaths occurred, and in the same street, in the
month of September, 23 ; in Harnal-lane, from the
16th to the 26th July, 9 deaths; including Bishops
Gate-green, Agnes-lane, Chantry-place, Upper Well-
street, &c. The Registrar states, in his quarterly
reports to the Registrar-General, that “ I have
noticed by far the majority of deaths which have
occurred were in houses built back to back, that is
to say, having only a front door and windows;
scarlatina and typhus prevailed in the last three
months of the year.”

401; 1. Rugby; Rugby. Pop. 9515. — Choi. 1;
Diarr. 2 — In the Union Workhouse, on 26 th February,
a button-maker, aged 45 years, died of cholera.

401; 2. ; Crick. Pop. 4953. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

401; 3. ; Dunchurch. Pop. 6120. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

402; x. Solihull; Solihull. Pop. 6393.

Choi, o; Diarr. 4. — In the Union House, one death
from diarrhoea.

402; 2. ; Knowle. Pop. 2875. — Choi, o;

Diarr. x.

402; 3. ; Tanworth. Pop. 3136. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

403; 1. Warwick.; Budbrooke. Pop. 4389.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. I. — The case of cholera occurred at
Barford, on the 8th November, a blanket-manu-
facturer’s widow, aged 51 years.

403 ; 2. ; Leamington. Pop. 13695.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 11. — First death from cholera on the
26th August, at. 1 Grove-place, a nurseryman, aged
65 years; next, on the 23rd and 26th September,
at 2 Queen-street, 2 labourers, aged 60 aud 29 years,
father and son.

403; 3. ; Kenilworth, Pop. 5708. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 6.

403; 4. ; Warwick. Pop. 9775. — Choi. 11;

Diarr, 10. — First recorded case, 4th September, a

linen-draper, aged 35 years, of Bowling Green-street ;
from the 24th September to 13th October, 9 deaths ;
last case on the 17th, a labourer, aged 17 years,
cholera 2 days, at Staltisford.

403; 5. Warwick; Radford. Pop. 3642. ■

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. I . — A labourer, aged 47 years, died of
cholera, on the 3rd January, at Offchurch ; next case
on the 22nd and 23rd ; last case, the 2nd of July,
a farmer, aged 53 years, at Wappenbury. At the
Lunatic Asylum, Huningham, one death by diarrhcea.

404; 1. Stratford-on-Avon; Kineton.

Pop. 2239. — Chol.o; Diarr. o.

404 ; 2, ; Wellesbourne. Pop. 2904.

Choi, o; Diarr. 4.

404; 3. ; Stratford-on-Avon. Pop, 5694. —

Choi, i; Diarr. 4. — A labourer, aged 57 years, cho-
lera 16 hours, on the 17th September, at Garden-row.

404; 4. ; Old Stratford. Pop. 5515.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 6. — On the 24th June, a shoe-
maker’s daughter, aged 3 years, died of vomiting
and diarrhoea, after 12 hours’ illness. One case of
diarrhoea in the Workhouse.

404; 5. ; Wootton Wawen. Pop. 3850. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

405 ; 1. Alcester; Studley. Pop. 4023.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — -At Studley, January 20th, the
son of a carpenter, aged 3 years, cholera 18 hours.

405; 2. ; Alcester. Pop. 5155. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4. — One death by diarrhoea in the Union
Workhouse, on the 18th January.

4°5 ; 3- ; Feckenham. Pop. 4900. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 3.

405; 4. ; Bidford. Pop. 2760. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

406; 1. Shipston-on-Stour ; Campden.

Pop. 4925. — Choi, o; Diarr. 2.

406; 2. ; Moreton. Pop. 5648. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — At Aston Magna, Blockley, 18th April,
a tailor, aged 41 years, died of bronchitis and
cholera, 3 weeks.

406; 3. ; Shipston-on-Stour. Pop. 5179. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

406; 4. ; Halford. Pop. 3935. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

407; 1. Southam; Southam. Pop. 9897.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 12. — Died of cholera, on the 18th
June, at Gaydon, a labourer, aged 55 years; in the
Union House, 3 dealbs from diarrhoea.

VII. NORTH MIDLAND DIVISION.

28. LEICESTERSHIRE.

408; 1. Lutterworth ; Lutterworth. Pop. 16043.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 5. — At Shawell, on the 16th
August, a butcher died of cholera, aged 65 years.

409; 1. Market Harborough ; Market Har-
borouyh. Pop. 15789. — Chol.o; Diarr.4 — 3 deaths
from diarrhoea occurred in the quarter ending March
31st.

410; 1. Billesdon ; Billesdon. Pop. 6810.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — A grazier, aged 73 years, died
of cholera (one day) at Little Stretton, on the 1st
August.

411 ; 1. Blaby; Wigston. Pop. 6758. — Chol.o;
Diarr. 6.

411; 2. ; Enderby. Pop. 6941. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 11. — 7 were children under one year of age,
whose deaths are ascribed to diarrhoea.

412; 1. Hinckley; Burbage. Pop. 4320.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

412; 2. ; Hinckley. Pop. 7688. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 12. — 3 deaths from diarrhoea occurred in the
Union Workhouse.

412; 3. ; Earl Shilton. Pop. 3607.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

413; 1. Market Bos worth ; Market Bosworth.
Pop. 7375. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

413; 2. ; Ibstock. Pop. 6225. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — A gardener, aged 68 years, died oi
cholera on the 30th April, at Ibstock.

414; I. Ashby-de-la-Zouch; Measham. — —
Pop. 4237. — Choi. 2; Diarr. o. — The first case or.
the 8th August, the second on the 19th September;
the duration of each attack 6 hours.

414; 2. ; Hartshorn. Pop. 5637. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — A labourer, aged 62 year6, ou the 6th
November, died of cholera.

414; 3. ; Ashby-de-la-Zouch. Pop. 7191.—

Choi, I ; Diarr. 5.— A surgeon's son, aged 3 month*,

271

in the Counties of Leicester , Rutland, and Lincoln.

died of cholera on the loth June, in Market-street;

2 deaths occurred in the Union House from diarrhoea.
414 ; 4. Ashby-de-la-Zouch ; Whitwick. Pop. 7169.

— Choi, o; Diarr. 4.

415 ; 1. Loughborough; Leake. Pop. 7330. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 4. — On the 2nd November, at
Wymeswold, a labourer died of cholera, aged 30
years.

415; 2. ; Loughborough. Pop. 17339.

Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 10. — The first death from cholera in
this sub-district was a labourer, aged 73 years, on
the 16th January, at Long Whatton ; 5 deaths took
place in the Union House, 2 from diarrhoea and 3
from cholera.

416; 1; Barrow-on-Soar; Barrow. Pop. 5147.
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — A labourer’s son, aged 5 months,
died of cholera on the 29th March, at Sileby.

416; 2. ; Quorndon. Pop. 5195. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

416; 3. ; Rothley, Pop. 4692. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — Died of cholera, the wife of an agricultural
labourer, aged 25 years, on the 17th September, at
Ansty. Oue death by diarrhoea in the Union House,
on the nth January.

416; 4. ; Syston. Pop. 4661. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

417; 1. Leicester; East Leicester. Pop. 30784.
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 51. — The first who died from cholera
was a frame-work knitter's son, aged 6 weeks, on the
6th August, at No. 7 Bailey’s-yard ; the other case,
son of a cordwainer, aged 3 months, on the 14th
August, at No. 16 Bed ford-street. Diarrhoea was
prevalent in August, at its height in September, and
declined at the end of October. Bedford-street,
Brook-street, Hill-street, Friday-street, and Lower
Abbey-street, were the principal localities infected;
41 children under 2 years died of diarrhoea, of whom
nearly one-half were the children of frame-work
knitters,

417; 2. ; West Leicester. Pop. 20069.

Choi, o; Diarr. 24. — Diarrhoea prevailed in the
summer and autumn, viz., — 2 deaths in July, 6 in
August, 9 in September, and 3 in October ; with

3 exceptions, they were children under the age of 2
years. One death by diarrhoea in the infirmary.

418; 1. Melton Mowbray ; Somerby. Pop. 3790.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. I.

418; 2. ; Melton Mowbray. Pop. 5700.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

418; 3. ; Clawson. Pop. 5301. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

418; 4. ; Waltham. Pop. 4506. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

29. RUTLANDSHIRE.

419; 1. Oakham; Oakham. Pop. 11218. —

Choi. 6; Diarr.5. — Cholera appeared in this sub-dis-
trict the 1 8th August, at Lords Hold, first case a gen-
tleman, aged 84 yeais ; it then prevailed in YVhis-
sendine, on the 25th, and by the 15th September

4 persons died ; the last, the son of a labourer, aged
one year.

420; 1. Uppingham; Uppingham. Pop. 5076.
— Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — 2 cases recorded in the Union
House of cholera, on the 7th and 17th December,
a woolcomber, aged 75, and a labourer, 77.

420; 2. ; Great Easton. Pop. 3052.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2.— On the nth September, at Great
Easton, described as a labourer’s son, aged 4 years,
died of cholera; duration of attack, 10 hours.

420; 3. ; Barrowden, Pop. 3805. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

30. LINCOLNSHIRE.

421; 1. Stamford; Stamford. Pop. 11715.

Choi. I ; Diarr. 4. — A clergyman, aged 80 years,
died of cholera on the 31st August, at High-street,
St. Martin’s, the only case recorded in this district.
The Registrar states, that “ this is owing in a
great measure to the early sanitary' precautions
taken by the Stamford Board of Guardians.”

421; 2. ; Barnack. Pop. 5348. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

422; 1. Bourn; Corby. Pop. 3169. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

422; 2. ; Aslachby. Pop. 4839. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera took place on
February 16th, at Hobling, a cottager, aged 74
years ; next case, at Rippingate, on the 26th June ;
the other 2 at Aslackby, on the 5th and 6th
September ; the last 3 are under the age of one
year.

422; 3. ; Bourn. Pop. 6906. — Choi. 2 ;

D iarr. 7. — At Morton, on the 29th June, a female,
aged 48 years, a spinster, died of cholera, 36 hours
afier the attack; the other case, the 8th November,
in the Union House, a spinster, aged 64 years. Two
deaths from diarrhoea in the Union House.

422; 4. • ; Deeping. Pop. 5468. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 1. — The only case of cholera in this district
occurred on the nth July, at Market Deeping, the
daughter of a labourer, aged 4 months, after 3 days1
illness.

423; 1. Spalding; Pinchbeck. Pop. 2893.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 5. — First case of cholera, February
1st, wife of a shoemaker, aged 53 years ; next case,
September nth, a labourer’s son, aged 5 years;
duration of attack, 24 hours.

423; 2. ; Donington. Pop. 2997. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

423 ; 3. — — ; Gosberton. Pop. 3071. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. o.

423; 4. ; Spalding. Pop. 8329. — Choi. O;

Diarr. 13. — 4 deaths from diarrhoea in the Union
House ; last case, 25th August.

423 ; 5. ; Moulton. Pop. 2719. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

424; i ; Holbeach ; Gedney Hill. Pop. 2855.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — Died of cholera, nth May, at
Whaplode Drove, a farmer, aged 77 years.

424: 2. ; Long Sutton. Pop. 7337. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 6. — The 2 deaths by cholera occurred at
Gedney, first on August 30th, the daughter of a
labourer, aged 2 years, cholera 11 hours; second
case on September 13th, a blacksmith’s son, aged
8 years.

424; 3. ; Holbeach. Pop. 6804. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — One death from diarrhoea in the Union
House, 2 1st July.

425; 1. Boston; Kirton-in- Holland. Pop. 4784.
— Choi, o ; Diar r. 1.

425; 2. ; Bennington. Pop. 6372. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

425 ; 3. ; Sibsey. Pop. 3235. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

425; 4. ; Boston. Pop. 14521. — Choi. 35 ;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera was very prevalerrt in the Union
House, where the first case occurred in this district
on the 30th May, a labourer, aged 64 years ; second
case, August 2nd, in the Union House, from which
time to the 27th inclusive the epidemic fatally at-
tacked 19 inmates. A labourer died of cholera
August 4th, aged 54 years, at North-street. The
last case, September 21st, at Boston, a fisherman,
aged 63 years (inquest').

272

Notes on Cholera

425; 5. Boston; Swineshead. Pop. 5769.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

426; 1. Sleaford; Billingliay. Pop. 5230.

Choi. I ; Diarr. 2. — On the 31st August, a tramp
was seized with cholera, and died in 14 hours.

426; 2. ; Sleaford. Pop. 7741. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 9. — In the Union Workhouse, a death by
cholera on the 7th August, a labourer, aged 45 years.

426; 3. ; Leadenham. Pop. 3240. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

426; 4. ■ ; Heckington. Pop. 4153.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

426; 5. ; Aswarby. Pop. 2869. — Cbol. o;

Diarr. 2.

427; 1. Grantham; Colstericorth. Pop. 5085. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

427; 2. ; Denton. Pop. 7077. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

427; 3. ; Grantham.. Pop. 13453. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 5. — First case of cholera in the Union House,
the 29th July; next case at Swinegate, September
8th, after 17 hours’ illness, a fisherman’s son, aged 8
years; next case in the Union House, on the 8th
September; last case on November 12th, a labourer,
aged 34 years, in the Union House.

428; 1. Lincoln ; South West Lincoln. Pop. H746.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 7. — One case of cholera in this
sub-district, on the 9th May, at Brauston, a joiner’s
son, aged 18 months; duration 4 days.

428; 2. ; Home Lincoln. Pop. 16678.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 32. — After 13 deaths from diarrhoea
had been recorded, a shoemaker's wife, aged 30
years, was seized with cholera, and expired in 14
hours, on the 21st August, at Bullring-court, St.
Michael’s; next case, on the 27th, at Blundell’s-pas-
sage; the last case occurred the 20th September, at
Shait, St. Martin's, a tinman’s son, aged 2 years,
cholera 5 days. Diarrhoea was prevalent throughout
the year, especially among the working classes ; in
the Union House, there were 7 deaths from this
disease.

428 ; 3. ; North-East Lincoln. Pop. 7686.

— Choi, r ; Diarr. 3. — Died of cholera on the 12th
August, at Scampton, a labourer, aged 30 years.

429; 1. Hohncastlk; Wragby. Pop. 4010.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

429; 2. ; Horncastle. Pop. 8357. — Choi 1 ;

Diarr. 9. — A case of cholera, nth August, at
Cagthorpe, a gardener’s son, aged 3 years; duration
of attack 24 hours. In the Union Workhouse one
death from diarrhoea.

429; 3* ; Tetford. Pop. 4183. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. o. — From the 5th to the 7th September, at
Miuingsby, 3 males died of cholera, aged respectively
54, 4, and 32 years.

429; 4. ; Tattershall. Pop. 6670. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 2. — At Coniugsby, 18th January, died of cho-
lera, a tanner’s son, aged 2 years ( inquest ).

430; 1. Spilsby; Stickney. Pop. 2145.

Choi, o; Diarr. o.

430; 2. ; Wainfleet. Pop. 5266. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

43°; 3- ; Spilsby. Pop. 8366. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

430; 4. ; Burgh-le Marsh. Pop. 4427. —

a farmer, Choi. I ; Diarr. o. — On the 1st April, at
Hogsthorpe aged 44 years ; cholera. 4 hours.

410; 5. ; Alford. Pop. 6549. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

431; 1. Loutii; Withern. Pop. 3884. — Choi. 1 ;
Diarr. o. — A labourer, aged 56 years, died of cholera,
7th May, at Bellean.

431 ; 2. ; Louth. Pop. 12350. — Cliol. 1;

Diarr. 4. — A bricklayer, aged 42 years, died of
choleraic diarrhoea, October 6th, at Bracken-
borough.

431; 3. Louth; Binbrook. Pop. 3852.

Choi, o; Diarr. I.

431; 4. -; Saltfleet. Pop. 4704.— Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — Cholera recorded on the 4th November, at
North Corkerington, a cottager’s son, aged 17 years;
duration of attack 3 weeks, not certified by medical
attendant.

431; 5. ; Tetney. Pop. 4619. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

432; 1 Caistor; Great Grimsby. Pop. 9763. —
Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 16. — Cholera appeared in this dis-
trict early in the year: the 3rd February, in King
Edward-street, a sawyer’s wife, aged 63 years, died
in 34 hours ; next case, the 19th August, at Flotter-
gate. From this date to the end of the month, 4
deaths were registered ; the following month 10, anil
declined in October to 3. The families of the working
classes suffered from the epidemic, in the following
localities: — Burgess-street, Cleethorpe-road, Silver-
street, Holme-street, Cleethorpes, &c. 5 deaths by

cholera on board the ships in the roads, river
head, &c.

432; 2. ; Caistor. Pop. 8037. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 2. — The first 2 deaths by cholera occurred in
one day, at Caistor, on the 5th September ; the next
case on the 6th ; then in the Union House on the 18th.
The last on the 25th September, a gipsy’s son, aged
8 months.

432; 3. ; Market Rasen. Pop. 9269.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 4. — 5 deaths are ascribed to cholera.
First fatal case, the 14th September, at Waddingham,
a labourer’s son, aged 6 weeks; last case, the 4th
November, at Legshy, a mariner’s son, aged 3 years.
The other cases were under the age of 12 months.

433; 1. Gi.anfoud Biuqo; Brigg. Pop. 10395.
— Choi. 4; Diarr. 6. — First case of cholera, the
24th August, a weaver, aged 22 years; duration
of attack 10 hours. Next case on the 29th. Last
case, September 6th, at Kirton, a labourer, aged 85
years ; ill 24 hours.

433; 2. ; Winterton. Pop. 8945 — Choi. 6;

Diarr.2. — In this sub-district, on the 16th August, a
death by cholera occurred at Burringham, the
daughter of a labourer, aged 15 years; next case on
the 20th, at Burton; last case on the 25th Septem-
ber, at Winkingham, a brick-maker, aged 47 years,
after 11 hours’ illness.

433; 3. ; Barton. Pop. 10489. — Cliol. 16;

Diarr. 12. — The first fatal case of cholera took place
on July 4th, at Barton House, in a cook, aged 39
years ; duration of attack 2 days. The next case did not
occur until the 27th August, on which day 2 deaths
are recorded: the epidemic from this time con-
tinued to the 22nd September, the last case a railway
guard, aged 33 years. The 12 deaths from diarrhoea,
with one exception, were children under 4 years.

434; r. Gainsborough; Owston. Pop. 4487. —
Choi. 16; Diarr. ir. — After one fatal case of diar-
rhoea, at West Ferry the 14th August, choleta sud-
denly appeared on the 16th in the same locality':
first case, a farmer’s widow, aged 67 years, died in 14
hours; next case on the 24th. In the month of
August 8 ileaths. the same number in September;
the last case on the 26th, a labourer’s son, aged 7
years, at West Butterwick, duration 2 days. The
epidemic was most fatal at West Ferry and West
Butterwick. On the first outbreak of cholera, the
termination of life was rapid ; the average du-
ration of the 8 cases in the month of August was
17 hours; it disappeared from the locality on the

273

in the Counties of Lincoln and Nottingham.

26th September. Of the 16 deaths from cholera, 12
were of labourers or their families.

434; 2. Gainsborough; Scotter. Pop. 4457. —
Choi. 2; Diarr. I. — First case of cholera, September
12th, at Blyton, a miller, aged 72 years ; last case, at
Blyton, on September 21st, a farmer, aged 58 years.

434; 3. ; Misterton. Pop. 3066. — Choi. 12;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera was fatal to 8 males and 4
females ; the first case, on the 16th August, at West
Stockwith, a labourer, aged 71 years, expired in 13
hours after the attack. 8 other cases were fatal in
August, after which time the epidemic abated, and
entirely left this neighbourhood on the 17th Sep-
tember; on this day a waterman’s widow died of
cholera in 27 hours, at West Stockwith, which
locality, with Walkeringham, were chiefly visited.
The average lapse of time between the attack and
death, in 10 cases of cholera, was 14 hours.

434; 4. ; Gainsborough. Pop. 7860.

Choi. 211; Diarr. 41. — This district suffered severely
from cholera, the attack in the majority of cases
fatal after a few hours’ illness: the first fatal case
was recorded the 17th July, at Bridge-street, a
mariner’s widow, aged 74 years ; the next cases, on
the 4th August, when 2 deaths occurred. From this
date the ravages of the epidemic increased, and by
the end of the month 137 attacks were fatal. On
the 14th August 14 deaths occurred. The greatest
mortality in one day was on the 15th August, when
17 died, the average duration between the attack and
death being 19 hours. The epidemic continued with
much severity in the early part of September ; on
the 5th, there were 12 deaths; a decline took place
after the 13th, between which date and the end of
September there were 16 deaths. In October, the
only case on the loth, followed by the last case,
on the 27th November, at Morton, a tailor, aged
41 years, cholera 3 days. Diarrhoea prevailed in
the month of August, 12 deaths, in September 14,
in October 3, and in November 3; of the 41 deaths,
12 were adults, the remainder children. Cholera was
most fatal in the following streets and contiguous
localities : —

Bridge-street .

Deaths.

• 56

Morton . .

Deaths.
. 12

Church-street .

. 45

Hickman-street

• 9

Pillard’s-house

• 19

Beamont street

• 9

Beast-market .

. 16

Jerrew’s-street.

. 8

Silver-street .

• 7

East Stockwith

• 4

In the Union Workhouse 4 deaths from diarrhoea.
The greater number of persons attacked by cholera
were tradesmen, mechanics, watermen, labourers,
and their families; and it was more fatal to the
female than to the male sex.

434> 5- > Willingham. Pop. 3553.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 1.— First fatal case of cholera,
August 27th, at Corringham, a labourer, aged 69
years (inquest'). Last case, October 10th, at Wel-
lingham, in a labourer’s daughter, aged 3 years ; du-
ration of attack 24 hours.

434; 6. ; Marton. Pop. 2434 — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 4. — At Marton, the 28th August, first and only
fatal case of cholera, a labourer, aged 76 years, ill 7
days.

31. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

435 ; 1. East Retford; Gringley. Pop. 3792- —
Choi. 1; Diarr. o.— Cholera was fatal on the 18th
August, to a boatman’s wife, aged 46 years, who
survived the attack 23 hours.

435; 2. ; Clarborough. Pop. 5861.

Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal to 4 males

and 7 females ; first death, August 3rd, at Moorgate,
a joiner, aged 53 years, duration of attack 10 hours ; his
son died of cholera on the 6th September following,
aged one year, after 11 hours’ illness; second and third
case in the Union House, on the 4th and 6th August;
last case at Spittle-hill, October 6th, a farmer’s wife,
aged 42 years. In the Union Workhouse, 2 deaths
from cholera ; at Moorgate, 7 ; and at Spittle hill, 2.

435; 3. East Retford; East Retford. Pop. 6722.
— Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 4. — The first death from cholera,
August 18th, at Ordsall, a bricklayer, aged 25 years,
after 12 hours’ illness; on the same day, another
fatal case was recorded; the last death, September
2 1st, at Ordsall, a boatman’s son, aged 9 months.
The epidemic subsided on 21st September.

435; 4. ; Tuxford. Pop. 5001. — Choi. I;

Diarr. r. — At East Markham, the 16th September,
a female, aged 52 years, described as a farmer’s wife,
died of cholera in 16 hours after the attack.

436; 1. Worksop; Worksop. Pop. 6283. ■

Choi, o; Diarr. 6. — With one exception, the deaths
from diarrhoea were children.

436; 2. ; Carlton. Pop. 3566. — Choi. r.

Diarr. 1. — A farmer, aged 69 years, died of cholera
at Carlton, the 13th May.

436.; 3- ; Anston. Pop. 3155. — Choi, oi

Diarr. I.

436; 4. ; Carburton. Pop. 4973. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — At Whitwell, September nth, an inn-
keeper, aged 67 years, died of cholera in 5 days.

437; 1. Mansfield; Warsop. Pop. 3255.

Choi. I; Diarr. 1. — One case of cholera, July 18th,
a labourer’s widow, 70 years of age, not authenti-
cated by a medical certificate.

437; 2. ; Pleasley. Pop. 2647. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

437; 3. ; Blacliwell. Pop. 3445. — Chid, o ;

Diarr. o.

437 5 4- i Siitlon-in-Ashfield. Pop. 7338. —

Choi, o; Diarr. 5.— The deaths from diarrhoea were
all children.

437; 5. — — ; Mansfield. Pop. 9788. — Choi. 4;
Diarr. 2. — First death by cholera 27th Angust, in
Union-street (subsequently in the same street, 2
other fatal cases occurred), a stocking-maker's wife,
62 years of age, survived the attack 26 hours ; next
case, September 4th ; last case, 9th September,
the son of a stocking-maker, aged 4 months. The 2
deaths from diarrhoea were children under the age of
3 months.

437; 6. — ~ — ; Blidwortli. Pop. 1154. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

438; 1. Basford; Grcasley. Pop. 13798.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 7. — The deaths by cholera both
occurred on the 29th October, at Newthorpe ; the
first a collier, 23 years of age; the other a collier
aged 46 years. The deaths from diarrhoea were
all children, and occurred previous to the 29th
October.

438; 2. ■ — — ; Ilkeston. Pop. 9769.— Choi. 16;
Diarr. 6. — On the 2nd of February, the first fatal
case of cholera was recorded, at Ilkeston, a boatman,
44 years of age ; 2 fatal attacks subsequently oc-
curred in March, on the I2th and 28th ; from this
time to the 17th October the neighbourhood was
free from the epidemic ; at the latter date, a labourer’s
wife was attacked, and died, aged 32 years, at Little
Hallom (inquest) ; the next case, 6th November, at
Ilkeston, in which locality, by the 26th December
(when the last death took place), 11 persons were
carried off by cholera ; 10 of the 11 occurred in the
month of December.

438 ; 3. ; Basford. Pop. 12069. — Choi. 7;

T

Notes on Cholera

274

Diarr. II. — Cholera was fatal on 24th September, to
a publican, aged 46 years ( inquest ) ; next case on the
3rd October; the last death occurred the 17th
November, a male, aged 68 years, a frame-work
knitter (inquest). In Wood-street, Mill-street, &c.,
the epidemic was fatal. Scarlatina prevailed during
the first quarter of the year.

438; 4. Basford; Bulwell. Pop. 7057. — Choi. 8 ;
Diarr. 8.— First fatal case of cholera, September 20th,
a glover’s son, aged 3 years, duration of attack one
day ; last case on the 30th October, the wife of a la-
bourer, aged 46 years. The Registrar states that
“ during the June quarter, erysipelas and scarlatina
had prevailed in populous parts of the sub-district ; the
first person attacked by cholera had been on a visit
to Hull, and died the day after his return home.”

438; 5.' ; Arnold. Pop. 8415. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

438 ; 6. ; Carlton. Pop. 3693. — Choi. 8 ;

Diarr. 4. — Died of cholera, January 30th, at Stoke,
a cottager’s wife, 44 years of age; next case, August
19th ; another, September 4th. The last fatal case
on the 7th October, a frame-work-knitter's son, aged
16 mouths. Except the first case, all were frame-
work knitters and their families.

438; 7. ; Wilford. Pop. 4826. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 3. — A fatal case of cholera occurred 25 th Oc-
tober, at Barton, a boatman, aged 40 years (inquest).

439; 1. Radford ; Lenton. Pop. 4462. — CI10I.4;
Diarr. 4. — The first case of cholera, 20th August, at
Kyte-street, a labourer, aged 50 years; next case,
September 2nd; last case, September 18th, at Kyte-
street, a lace-maker’s wife, aged 29 years, cholera and
consecutive fever, 10 days’ duration.

439; 2. ; Radford. Pop. 7779. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 13. — The only fatal case of cholera took place
on the 4th October, a widow, aged 70 years, brought
on by the unhealthy state of the privy and drain
belonging to the house (inquest). Diarrhoea was
prevalent in September and October.

439 i 3- > Hyson Green. Pop. 3153. —

Choi, o; Diarr. 2.

439; 4. ; Snenton. Pop. 7079. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 20. 3 deaths from diarrhoea took place in the

Lunatic Asylum. First case of cholera, 13th August,
a frame-smith’s son, aged 3 years, in Victoria-street ;
the other case on the 13th October, a draper, aged
29 years (inquest). Diarrhoea prevailed in August,
September, and October. 16 deaths were of children,
in 4 cases attended with teething.

440; 1. Nottingham; Sherwood. Pop. 5230. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 4 — These deaths from diarrhoea were
of children under 2 years of age.

440; 2. ; St. Mary. Pop. 7156. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 17. — The 2 deaths from cholera occurred re-
spectively on. the 1 6th August and October 1st. 1' irst, a
single woman, aged 28 years, at Island-street ; second
a schoolmaster’s wile, aged 54 years, at St. Mary s-
place. Diarrhoea was prevalent in the summer and
autumn.

440; 3, ; St. Ann. Pop. 11062.— Choi, o;

Diarr. 32. — Diarrhoea was prevalent in the months of
August and September. 6 deaths occurred in the
Union Workhouse, to old people. The epidemic
considerably abated in October ; the last death was
registered the 5th December.

440; 4. 4 Byron. Pop. 11029. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 16. — Died of cholera, September 7th, the wife
of a frame-work knitter, aged 42 years, at Hart’s-
yard, Goose Gate ; next case, September 18th, in
Pipe-street; last case, 30th September, at East-
street, a frame-work knitter, 39 years of age. Diar-
rhoea was fatal to 13 children.

440; 5. ; Exchange. Pop. 5924. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 7. — Without any previous diarrhoea, cholera on
the 30th July appeared in Crossland-court, and fatally
attacked the wife of a frame-work knitter, aged 46
years. The second occurred in the same court the
2nd August, and the last case October 7th, at
Chandler’s-lane, a publican, aged 68 years.

440; 6. Nottingham; Castle.. Pop. 7117.

Choi. 6; Diarr. 12. — After 10 deaths from diarrhoea,
cholera broke out on the 31st October, at Leen Side,
a boatman died, aged 46 years ; the next death, fol-
lowed on the 17 th December; 2 deaths took place on
the 20th. The last case was recorded on the 25th in
Albion-street, a labourer's wife, aged 34 years.

44057.' ; Park. Pop. 5573.— Choi. 4;

Diarr. 6. — The first case of cholera was recorded on
the 5th August, at Hind’s-yard, a joiner, aged 21
years (inquest) ; next case, the 16th ; the last case
was at Mount-street, on the 22nd December, a baker,
aged 49 years. Diarrhoea prevailed in the summer
and autumn. 3 of the deaths were of children, the
eldest only 2 years of age.

441; 1. Southwell; Southwell. Pop. 13672. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 3.

441; 2. ; Kneesal. Pop. — 11342. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. o.

442; 1. Newark; North Collingham. Pop. 5112.
— Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — On May 4th, at North Scarle,
the wife of a cottager, 62 years of age, died of cholera ;
the other case, September 10th, at Swindarby, the
wife of a farmer, aged 34.

44252. ; Bassingham. Pop. 3490. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

442 ; 3 ; ; Newark. Pop. 10220. — Choi. 25 ;

Diarr. 17. — Cholera prevailed in the months of Oc-
tober and November. The first attacked was a
labourer, aged 52 years, on June 19th, at Castle,
Gate; next fatal case, August 15th; another on
the 29th, then an interim of 49 days to October
18th, when the epidemic much increased in virulence,
and was fatal, by November 18th, to 22 persons.
From this period cholera ceased. The last death
recorded on November 18th, a blacksmith, aged 49
years, at Ellis-row. The average duration between
the" attack and death, in 15 cases, was 14 hours ; it
prevailed among tradesmen, mechanics, labourers,
&c., and their families. The following streets and
localities suffered from the epidemic, namely, at

Deaths.

Mill-gate ... 6

Ellis-row ... 3

Cotton-square . . 3

Castle-gate ... 2

Mill-lane ... 1

King-street ... 1

North-gate ... r

Deaths.

Middle-gate . . 1

Summer’s-rotv. . 1

Spittal-row . . 1

Cholera Hospital, 1
Hawton-road . j

The Old Workhouse 4

The registrar states that “The houses in the yard in
Mill-gate, where the cholera appeared on October
1 8th, consist of one low small room and one chamber
over it. In one of these houses lived a man, his
wife, and 6 children ; in another a man, his wife,
and 9 children ; no ventilation, and the back of
another row of houses within a few feet of their doors
and windows.” Small-pox and hooping-cough were
prevalent in the last quarter of the year.

442; 4. ; Bennington. Pop. 4350. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 2. — A death from cholera in 8 hours was re-
corded on August 19th, at Farndon, the widow of a
labourer, aged 64 years.

442 ; 5. ; Claypole. Pop. 4178. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3. 2 deaths from diarrhoea took place in the

U nion workhouse.

443; 1. Bingham ; Bingham. Pop. 8385.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 6. — The only death from cholera

in the County of Derby.

on August 18th, at East Bridgeford, a labourer, aged
36 years; duration of attack, 3 days. The deaths
from diarrhoea, with one exception (a female, aged
74 years), were of children under one year.

443! 2. Bingham; Ratclijfie-on- Trent. Pop. 78x1.
Choi. 13 ;r;Diarr. 10. — Cholera appeared September
1st, at Hickling ; a labourer died, aged 48 years. A
subsequent death occurred on the 17th, another on
the 1 8th. The last death on October 14th in a
labourer, aged 68 years; labourers and their fa-
milies suffered severely from the epidemic.

32. DERBYSHIRE.

444; r. Shardlow; Castle Donington. Pop. 7230.
— Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera
occurred on July 23rd, after 19 hours’ illness, a boat-
man’s wife, aged 38 years, at Hudson’s-yard ; next,
on the 31st, in Borough-street. The epidemic sub-
sided on September 7th, when the last death took
place, in 36 hours after the attack, at Bond-gate, a
boatman, aged 54 years.

444; 2. ; Melbourne. Pop. 5056. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

444; 3. •; Shardlow. Pop. 4579.— Choi. 1;

Diarr. 4. — Died of cholera, in 15 hours after the
attack, October 3rd, at Aston, a boatman, aged 22
years. 2 deaths from diarrhoea occurred in the
Workhouse.

444; 4. ; Stapleford. Pop. 8328. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 5.

444 ; 5. ; Spondon. Pop. 7436. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 4.

445; 1. Derby; St. Alkmund. Pop. 15531. ■

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 15. — Cholera appeared in January;
a fatal case on the 16th, at 56 Willow-row, All Saints,
the wife of a labourer, aged 66 years. The next
death from cholera did not occur until September
23rd, at Court Goodwin-street, the daughter of a
labourer, aged 10 years, after 15 hours’ illness ; next
case was on the 26th, and the last on October nth,
at Goodwin-street, a labourer, aged 58 years, died in
30 hours after the attack. 6 deaths from cholera
occurred in Goodwin-street and courts adjacent.
Diarrhoea prevailed in August, September, and Oc-
tober.

44;; 2. — ; St. Peter's. Pop. 19488.' — -Choi. 9;
Diarr. 25. — At the infirmary the first death from
cholera occurred on August 6th, described as an Irish
labourer, aged about 25 years; the next case at 24
Copeland-street, on the 27th; the last on October
2 1st, at St. Werburgh, following 2 other deaths in
this vicinity, one on September 28th, the other on
October 9th. Inquests were held in 5 instances.
Diarrhoea carried off 19 children, was prevalent in
August and September : at the W orkhouse, Litchurcb,

2 deaths were reported, and one at the County Gaol.

446; 1. Belper; Dufiield. Pop. 7100.— -Choi. 1 ;
Diarr. 4. — On September 16th, a blacksmith, aged
21 years, died of cholera (30 hours’ duration).

446; 2. ■ ; Horsley. Pop. 5986.— Choi, o;

Diarr. r.

446; 3. ; Belper. Pop. 9885. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 12. — 6 deaths from diarrhoea occurred in the
Union Workhouse.

446; 4. — — ; Ripley. Pop. 9166. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 3.

446; 5. ; Alfreton. Pop. 7377. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2 At Birchwood, on March 22nd, the wife

of a labourer, aged 26 years, died of cholera.

44656. ; Wirhsworth. Pop. 6519. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — A bricklayer, aged 46 years, died August
18th, at Packside, Alderwasley, of diarrhoea, 3 weeks,
succeeded by cholera, one day’s duration.

275

447; 1. Ashborne; Brailsford. Pop. 3303. —
Choi, o; Diarr. o.

447! 2- ; Mayfield. Pop.! 3393. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

447; 3- ; Ashborne. Pop. 48x7. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 3. — The first death from cholera is recorded on
May 6th, at Osmaston, a man-servant, aged 27 years ;
the other case, August 23rd, at Compton, Sturston,
the widow of a joiner, aged 82 years, died in 24
hours after the attack. 2 deaths from diarrhoea were
in the Union Workhouse.

.447; 4- 4 Calton. Pop. 3141. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — On June 4th, at Hope, township of Alston-
field, a farm-servant died of cholera, aged 42 years,
and at Alstonfield, September 23rd, a shoemaker’s
daughter, aged one year.

.447; 5* ; Hartington. Pop. 1692. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

447; 6. ; Brassington. Pop. 5011. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

448 ; 1. Chesterfield; Ashover. Pop. 7737. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. x.

448; 2. ; Chesterfield. Pop. 16970.

Choi. 2; Diarr. 15. — Diarrhoea was prevalent in
July, August, and September. Cholera appeared on
July 27th, at Knifesmith-gate, the wife of a higgler,
aged 52 years, ill 4 days. The other death occurred
on August 6th, at Whittington, the wife of a miner,
aged 24 years, at the latter end of pregnancy.
One death from diarrhoea in the Union. Workhouse.

448; 3. ; Bolsover. Pop. 2451. — Choi, o;

Diarr. r.

448; 4. ; Eckington. Pop. 7995. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 5. — At the Reuishaw Iron-works, on October
19th, an iron-moulder, aged 24 years, died of cholera
in 24 hours after the attack.

448; 5. Dronfield. Pop. 4227. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

449; 1. Bakewell ; Bahewell. Pop. 1x839.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

449 ; 2. ; Matlock. Pop. 9432. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 4.

449; 3. ; Tideswell. Pop. 8x22. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. I. — The daughter of a weaver, aged 15 years,
died of cholera on March 5th ; not certified by a
medical certificate.

450 ; 1. Chapel-en-le-Frith ; Buxton .-
Pop. 3042. — Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

450; 2. ; Chapel-en-le-Frith. Pop. 8645. —

Choi. 4; Diarr. o. — 'On May 5th, cholera was fatal
to the son of a labourer, aged 5 [years, at Spar-
row-pit. Next death on June 25th, another on Oc-
tober 12th, and the last on October 20th, at the
“ Gisborne Arms,” the widow of a publican, aged 56
years ; she had been suffering from diarrhoea 7 days
before applying for medical aid, cholera followed
with collapse (survived the attack 20 hours).

451; 1. Hatfield; Glossop. Pop. 14577

Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal to 6 males and
2 females, all above 20 years of age. It first ap-
peared at Hadfield, on June 12th, a labourer, aged
21 years, survived the attack 22 hours; next case on
September 19th, at Higher Barn; on October 15th,

2 deaths occurred at The Heath, the wife of a farmer,
aged 64 years, cholera 14 hours’ duration, and a
farmer, aged 72 years, 22 hours’ duration. The epi-
demicsubsided November 5th, when a labourer, aged
5 8 years, died at Whitfield, in 5 3 hours after the attack.

45 x ; 2. ; Hayfield. Pop. 9516. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 4. — A cordwainer, aged 4r years, died of
cholera on September 27th; the other case in the
Workhouse, Ollerset, October 8th, a vagrant, aged 20
years, in 36 hours, followed by typhus fever, 4 days.

T 2

276

Notes on Cholera

VIII. NORTH WESTERN DIVISION.

33. CHESHIRE.

452; 1. Stockport; Marple. Pop. 5281.

Choi, x ; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera occurred at
Green End, Romiley, October 8th, a sawyer, aged
72. The deaths from diarrhoea were those of
females aged 68 and 6;.

452;' 2. ; Hyde. Pop. 17375. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 18. — The cases described as cholera occurred
July 30th in Wood-street (a female aged 56), and
August 16th on the Peak Forest Canal (a boatman’s
child aged 5). Of the 18 cases of diarrhoea, 13 were
those of children under 3 years of age.

452; 3. ; Heaton Norris. Pop. 15817.

Choi. 30; Diarr. 37. — The first death from cholera
took place August 18th, at 3 Longson’s Houses, a
hand-loom weaver, aged 54, after 46 hours’ illness.
Second case, 4 days later, at 1 3 Thomas-street,
followed by 2 deaths (sisters) at the back of the
George Inn, August 29th and September 1st.
From this day to October 3rd (when the last 2 cases
occurred) 26 persons died from cholera, including
12 in the Hospital and 2 in Brown-street. Diarrhoea
was fatal amongst infants, especially at the period of
dentition; of the 37 deaths, 27 were those of
children under 2 years of age. Seven persons died
in “ cellars ” in various parts of the sub-district.

452; 4. ; Stockport First. Pop. 25310.

Choi. 29; Diarr. 59. — A death from cholera
occurred May 24th at 17 Queen-street West, a
printer’s daughter, aged 1 7, after an attack of 2 days’
duration. No other case until July 24th, when a
cabinet-maker, aged 71, died at Great Underbank.
In August only 4 cases of cholera were recorded
but diarrhoea proved fatal to 22 persons between the
12th and 25th of that month. During September
the epidemic prevailed in both forms with nearly
equal malignity ; diarrhoea, however, being con-
fined almost exclusively to children. The last case
of cholera occurred October 2nd, at 38 Ardern
Field, a female, 62. Seven persons died in Chester-
gate, 6 in Brinksway, 3 in Bamford-street, 3 in
Spring Bank, 2 in the Workhouse, &c. Diarrhoea
was fatal to 44 children under 2 years of age.

452; 5- ; Stockport Second. Pop. 12973. —

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 35. — A single case of cholera
occurred in this sub-district in the month of May
— on the 27th, a bleacher, aged 52, in Newbridge
Lane. Next case, August 28th, a spinner, aged 42,
in Avenue-street, Brinnington. In September, 6
deaths from cholera and 16 from diarrhoea were re-
corded ; the last from cholera took place October
1 8th in Newbridge-lanc, where the disease first
appeared in the sub-district. Of the 44 deaths, more
than half took place in various streets in Brinnington.

452; 6. ; Cheadle. Pop. 4660. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 5. — The case of cholera occurred February
23rd, at Gatley Etchells, a female, aged 11, after
an attack of 38 hours’ duration (inquest). The
deaths from diarrhoea were those of infants.

452; 7. ; Hazelgrove. Pop. 4262.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 9. — 3 adults and 6 children under
4 years of age.

453; 1. Macclesfield; Frestbury. Pop. 4828.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — The death from cholera took
place at Adlington, September 4th, a labourer,
aged 50.

45 3 ; 2. ; Bollington. — Pop. 8949. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 8. — 3 adults and 5 children.

453; 3. Macclesfield; Rainow. Pop. 3204. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

453 ; 4. ; East Macclesfield. Pop. 11192.

— Choi. 10; Diarr. 9. — First case of cholera, July
9th, a carter, aged 56 (inquest). The second
death took place a fortnight later, in the Gap, a
silk-washer, aged 56, followed by cases in Square-
alley, Gutters, and other parts of the town. Last
case, October 8th, at Waters, a shoemaker aged 34.

453; 5. ; West Macclesfield. Pop. 12945. —

Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 23. — A death from cholera recorded
June 24th, in West-street, a female, aged 34, after
an attack of 7 hours. Next case, July 3rd, in King
Edward-street, a shoemaker, aged 46. Other cases
subsequently occurred in the following localities
in the sub-district : — Little-street, Chester-gate,
Stanley-street, Park-lane, Parsonage-street, Park-
green (2 deaths), Oxford-road, Prestbury-road,
Crompton-road, and Derby-street (3 deaths). One
fatal case of cholera and 4 of diarrhoea in the Union
Workhouse.

453 > 6. 5 Sutton. Pop. 7837. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 5. — The deaths from cholera were as follows :
— August 8th, at Sutton, a charwoman, aged 35
(inquest)-, August 20th, in Lord-street, awheel wright’s
son, aged 16, after being attacked 15 hours; August
25th, in High-street, a widow, aged 595 September 7th,
in Mill-lane, an infant; September 12th, at Mill-
green, a female, 62 ; and 5 days after the last case
occurred in Pool-street, a female, aged 17.

453; 7. ; Gawswortli. Pop. 3453.-

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

453 i 8. ; Alderley. Pop. 3627. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — These cases occurred at Nether Alderley,
August 26th, and at Great Warford, September
25th, a coachman, aged 50, and a farmer aged 47.

454 ; 1. Altrincham ; Wilmslow. Pop. 7070. —
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera took
place as follows : — August 12th, at Mobberley, a
gardener, aged 30, after being attacked 24 hours ;
September 4th, a labourer, aged 71, at Bollin Fee;
and on the following day a labourer, aged 27, at
Pownall Fee.

454; 2. ■ ; Altrincham. Pop. 10422.-

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 12. — The cases of cholera occurred
August nth, at Sale-Moor-Sale, and September
26th, at Goose Green, a labourer, aged 58, and a
painter, aged 29. Of the 12 deaths from diarrhcea,
8 were those of infants under one year.

454; 3. ; Lymm. Pop. 6293. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4. — 3 infants and one aged person.

454; 4. ; Knutsford. Pop. 7234. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 2. — The deaths from cholera were as follow :
— at Nether Knutsford, June 9th, a female, aged 62,
after an attack of 13 hours’ duration ; and at
Rostherne, August 19th, a female, aged 47, attacked
10 hours.

455; 1. Runcorn; Budworth.—Fop. 4243.

Choi. 3; Diarr. o. — These cases occurred at
Appleton, viz.— July 30th, a labourer, aged 66, after
3 days’ attack ; October 8th, a farmer, aged 59, and
on the following day, a farmer's widow, aged 52.

455 ; 2. ; Daresbury. Pop. 2872. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. I. — The case of cholera was that of a boat-
man, aged 45, who died in a boat at Preston-on-
the-Hill, October 6th.

455» 3* i Runcorn. Pop. 9853. — Choi. 75 ;

Diarr. 21. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-district
in July. The first cases occurred on the 9th of

277

in the County of Chester.

that month, in Wivern -place and Mill-street, a
“ flatman,” aged 47, and a “ bricksetter,” aged 22.
These deaths were followed by others in July at
Sutton, Halton (2), and the Rookery. During
August and September cholera proved fatal to 63
persons. 4 cases were recorded in October —
the last 2, on the 7th, in Bridgewater-street. —
The epidemic was more than usually severe in the
following localities : — Water-street, 8 deaths ; High-
street, 6 ; the Rookery, 5 ; Gilbert-street, 7 ;
Nelson-street, 5 ; Stenhills, 7 ; Halton, 8; Halton-
lane, 5. Diarrhoea was almost exclusively confined
to children under 2 years of age.

455 ; 4. Runcorn; Frodsham. Pop. 5924.—
Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 3. — The 3 cases of cholera occurred
at Kingsley: the first, April 29th, a child, aged 4;
the second, July 29th, a farmer’s widow, attacked
2 days; and the last, October 17th, a female, aged 9.

456; 1. Northwich ; Weaverham. Pop. 5647.
— Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 1. — Of the cases of cholera, 2
occurred at Weaverham, viz., on August 1st, a
female, aged 49, and October 6th, a labourer's child,
aged 10; 2 at Hartford, September 5th, a labourer,
aged 62, and October 3rd, a butcher’s widow, 67 ;
and one at Little Leigh, a labourer, aged 18.

456; 2. ; Northwich. Pop. 11151.

Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 10. — A death from cholera took
place at the Workhouse, Leftwich, January 23rd,
a hoy, aged 14. A second case, also in the Work-
house, occurred May 7th. The next cases were in
July, commencing with a labourer at the Work-
house on the 13th ; 8 persons died in August, 13
in September, and 8 in October. Of the 45 deaths
from cholera and diarrhoea, 16 took place in North-
wich, 8 at Whitton, 6 at Leftwich, 5 at Castle-
Northwich, 2 at Winnington, 2 at Marston, and 4
in the Workhouse.

456; 3- ; Over. Pop. 6477. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 5. — The cases of cholera occurred as follows : —
July 13th, at Over, a saltmaker, aged 54 ; at Moulton,
August 24th, a joiner; and at Over, September 4th
and 16th, a waterman and a saltmaker.

456; 4. ; Middlewich. Pop. 5742.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1.— The deaths from cholera
occurred at Newton, July 12th, a labourer, aged 45 ;
and at Shipbrook, October 22nd, a labourer, aged 52.

457; 1. Congleton ; Church Hulme. Pop. 3491.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 1. — A child, aged 5.

457; 2. ; Conyleton. Pop. 14684.

Choi, o; Diarr. 6. — Nearly all infants.

457; 3. ; Sandhnch. Pop. 10862.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 7. — The case of cholera, the only
one recorded in the Congleton district, occurred at
Sandbach, October 10th, a joiner, aged 46, after an
attack of 18 hours.

458; 1. Nantwich ; Wybunbury. Pop. 7996. —
Choi. 10; Diarr. 6.— First fatal 'case of cholera,
July nth, at Warmingham, a labourer’s wife, aged
64, attacked 26 hours. The second case occurred,
July 22nd, at Stapely, where 4 persons died on the
24th and 25th. 2 deaths took place at Monks

Coppenhall and 2 at Crewe. The cases of diarrhoea
were, with one exception, those of infants.

458; 2. ; Nantwich. Pop. 9431.

Choi. 164 ; Diarr. 8. — The epidemic broke out with
great virulence in this sub-district in June. The
first cases occurred in Welch-row and Wood-street;

8 persons died fr om cholera in the latter place, and
4 in Welch-row, between June 21st and 30th. In
July the epidemic proved fatal to 108 persons, 9
dying on the 14th, and 6 on several other days. The
mortality from cholera in August was 18, and in
September 20. The following localities furnished a

large proportion of the cases, viz., Wood-street 28 ;
Mill-street 15 ; Wyeh House Bank 16; Welch-row
11; Hospital-street 14; Pillory-street 13; Beam-
street 9 ; Love-lane 13 ; and the Workhouse (where
the last cases in the district occurred Oct. 8th and
10th) 8.

458; 3. Nantwich; Banbury. Pop. 7965.

Choi. 3; Diarr. 2. — On ecase of cholera occurred at
Tarporley, July 10th, a painter, aged 29 (inquest);
the others at Church Minshul, July 19th and August
1 2th, a labourer, 53, and a female, 74.

458; 4. ; Wrenbury. Pop. 8449. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 1. — Of the deaths from cholera, 3 took place at
Audlem, viz., June 24th, a nutseller, attacked 12
hour’s ; August 16th, a draper; and September 16th,
a bargeman on the canal. The remaining case
occurred at Broomhall, October 5th, a farmer.

459; i. Great Boughton (Chester); Tatten-
liall. Pop. 8160. — Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

459; 2. ; Chester Castle. Pop. 16687.

Choi. 57; Diarr 19. — Cholera became fatal in this
sub-district in .Tune ; the first case occurred on the
25 th at Boughton, a labourer, aged 19, after an attack
of 10 hours’ duration. A second case was recorded
in June. Two persons died in July ; 17 in August;
21 in September, and 12 in October, with occasional
intervals of several days between the cases. The
epidemic proved fatal to 10 persons in Greewav-
street, 8 in Handbridge, 4 in Union-street, 3 in
Duke-street, and to a prisoner in the castle.

459! 3- ; Chester Cathedral. Pop. 15812.

— Choi. 32 ; Diarr. 15. — The first death from cholera
in the Great Boughton district took place in the
Infirmary in this sub-district; a slater, aged 29,
attacked 40 hours. The next cases were those of
a butcher’s wife, in Wellington-street, June 13th,
and a tin-plate worker, aged 40, induced (according
to the verdict of the coroner’s jury) by fatigue and
want of the necessaries of life. Three cases were
recorded in July, 8 in August, 13 in September,
and 4 in October. Pour deaths occurred in the
House of Industry, Paradise-row; 5 at Handbridge,
St. Bridget’s Parish ; and 3 in the Infirmary. Last
case, December 3rd, in the House of Industry.

459 ; 4. ; Hawarden. Pop. 8438. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 7. — The deaths from cholera were, on August
23rd, at Hawarden, a female, 11, after 12 hours’
attack, and October 1st, at Saltney, a female, 29,
attacked 16 hours. Five adults (4 at advanced ages)
and 2 infants died from diarrhoea.

460 ; 1. Wirrall ; Neston. Pop. 4783. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. 3. — Both cases of cholera occurred at Neston;
a female, aged 22, September 14th, and a collier, 44,
November 8th.

460; 2. ; Eastham. Pop. 5476. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 6. — Two cases of cholera (the first and last
recorded in the sub-district) occurred at Whitby ;
a female, aged 55, attacked 6 hours, July 19th, and
a boatman 31, October 7th. Two at Lower Bebing-
ton, August nth and 20th, and one at Higher
Bebington, September 27th. The deaths from diar-
rhoea. were with one exception those of infants.

460; 3. ; Woodchurch. Pop. 4487.-

Choi. 6; Diarr. 2. — The first death from cholera took
place at Greasby, July 19th, a farmer’s widow, aged
78, after 1 7 hours’ illness. Second case, August 20th,
at Hoose, where another occurred, September 15th.
Great Meolse, Bidston, and Saughall each con-
tributed a death from cholera. Of the 6 persons, 5
were females, at ages ranging 38 to 78.

460; 4. : Wallasey. Pop. 6261. — Choi. 30;

Diarr. 4. — The epidemic appeared in this sub-district
in June, the first case having occurred at Liscard on

278

Notes on Cholera

the 16th, a surgeon’s daughter, aged 19, after 10
hours’ attack. A few days after it broke out at
Poolton-cuin-Seacombe, and proved fatal to 10 per-
sons, while no cases were recorded in any other
part of the sub-district. On July 17th, cholera re-
appeared at Liscard, and 9 persons were its victims
between that day and August 1st. Four fatal cases
occurred at Wallasey, all the others having taken
place at the above-named places, viz., 13 at Liscard,
and the same number at Poolton.

460; 5. Wirral ; Birkenhead. Pop. 10777.

Choi. 96 ; Diarr.55. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-
district a week earlier than in the foregoing ; the first
case having occurred, June 9th, in Field-street, Birk-
enhead, a labourer’s wife, attacked 8 hours. Eight
other deaths in the same street, and 7 in other parts
of Birkenhead, were recorded in June. In July
the deaths from cholera were 14, and in August 15 ;
diarrhoea being very fatal amongst children. The
epidemic was at its height in September, when 44
persons died. The 3 last cases occurred at the
same house, No. 14, Leicester-street, October 25th,
November 3rd and 6th. The following localities fur-
nished many of the deaths : — Field-street (10 cases);
Oak-street; St. Anne-street; Chapel-street and
Duke-street, Tranmere ; Albert Terrace ; Rose
Cottages; and Lower Tranmere. Of the 55 deaths
from diarrhoea, 40 were those of children under two
years of age.

34. LANCASHIRE.

461; r. Liverpool; St. Martin. Pop. 35478. —
Choi. 1136; Diarr. 273.

461; 2. ; Howard-street. Pop. 26197.— .

Choi. 742; Diarr. 163.

461; 3. ; Dale-street. Pop. 35861.

Choi. 820; Diarr. 153.

461; 4. ; St. George. Pop. 19723.

Choi. 198; Diarr. 32.

461; 5. ; St. Thomas. Pop. 34972.

Choi. 445 ; Diarr. 100.

461; 6. ; Mount Pleasant. Pop. 33042. —

Choi. 228 ; Diarr. 126.

461; 7. ; Islington. Pop. 37730. — Choi. 604;

Diarr. 134.

The observations on the district of Liverpool will
be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

462 : 1. West Derby ; Toxteth Park.

Pop. 41295. — Choi. 754; Diarr. 158.

462; 2. ; Everton. Pop. 13489. — Choi. 222;

Diarr. 52.

462; 3. ; Walton. Pop. 5625. — Choi. [27;

Diarr. 10.

462; 4. ; Crosby. Pop. 3194. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 4.

462; 5. ; Litherland. Pop. 2970. — Choi. 9;

Diarr. 4.

462; 6. ; West Derby. Pop. 16921.

Choi. 100 ; Diarr. 47.

462; 7. ; IVavertree. Pop. 5186. — Choi. 13 ;

Diarr. 4.

The observations on the district of West Derby
will be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

463; 1. Prescot; Hale. Pop. 2294. — Choi. 5;
Diarr. 2. — The first 2 cases of cholera occurred at
Halebank, on August loth and September 7th; the
three others at Speke, on October 5th, 9th, and loth.

463; 2. ; Much Woolton. Pop. 3185.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 6. — First death from cholera on
July 19th at Allerton-road, a shoemaker, aged 33,
duration of attack ro hours. The last case was that
of a shoemaker’s son, aged 14, at 60 Quarry -street, on
September 25 th.

463 ; 3. Prescot; Huyton. Pop. 3798. — Choi. 1 ;
Diarr. 2. — This death from cholera was that of a
joiner, aged 35, at Knowsley, on May 18th, effu-
sion of the brain supervened.

463; 4. ; Farnworth. Pop. 3836.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

463; 5. ; Prescot. Pop. 10922. — Choi. 42 ;

Diarr. 15. — Cholera appeared fatally on June 10th,
in the case of a watchmaker, aged 68^at Whiston:
duration of attack 2 days. Thenext 3 deaths were
at the Workhouse, Whiston; Fall-lane suffered
much, but it was at the Workhouse that the epi-
demic was most fatal, causing the death of no less
than 24 inmates, in addition to 5 from diarrhoea.

463; 6. ; St. Helen. Pop. 17849.

Choi. 120 ; Diarr. 31. — Cholera first proved fatal
to a labourer at glass-works, aged 63, at Peasley-
cross on June nth, duration of attack 9 hours;
the next case was on June 24th, at Bold-street; 6
deaths occurred in J uly ; throughout August and
September it prevailed with great intensity ; Peasley-
cross, Parr-street, Parr-stocks, and near Merton-
bank, suffered most. In the old Workhouse, 3 deaths
took place : the last fatal case was that of a collier’s
daughter, aged 4, near Parr Mill, on November 17th.
The families of colliers suffered severely. The
deaths from diarrhoea were more frequent, when the
cholera declined.

463; 7* ; Rainford. Pop. 1855. — Choi, r;

Diarr.j 1. — This case of cholera was that of a la-
bourer, aged 38, at Rainford, on October 18th,
duration of attack 19 hours.

464; 1. Ormskirk.; Bickerstaffe. Pop. 2679. —
Choi. 1; Diarr. 4. — A labourer, aged 34, died of
cholera at Mellin, on August 1st.

464; 2. ; Aughton. Pop. 3440. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

464; 3. ; Halsall. Pop. 1958. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera were those of a
waterman and his son, on July nth, at Halsall.

464; 4. ; Formby. Pop. 2493. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. o. — First death on July 2nd, at Formby —
a stonemason, aged 27, duration of attack 8 hours;
the other 3 cases occurred at Altcar on Septem-
ber 3rd, October 9th and 12th.

464; 5. ; North Meols. Pop. 7774.

Choi. 44; Diarr. 25. — Cholera first became fatal on
June 27th, in the case of a timekeeper’s wife, aged
60, at Southport; it was fatal throughout July,
August, and September, at Southport, Crossens,
and Marshside. The last case was that of a labourer's
wife, aged 39, at Southport, on October 13. Diar-
rhoea, accompanied by vomiting, was very prevalent.

464; 6. ; Tarleton. Pop. 3296. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

464; 7. ; Scarisbrick. Pop. 4185.

Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 9. — Excepting one case of diarrhoea
at Scarisbrick, on November 8th, the whole of the
deaths took place at Burscough. The first fatal case
of cholera was on July 25th, and the last on
August 14.

464. 8. ; Ormskirk. Pop. 4891. — Choi. 18;

Diarr. 22. — After 5 deaths from diarrhoea iu April,
May and June, cholera appeared fatally on July
30th, at Blackhouse-hill ; it prevailed, together with
diarrhoea, throughout August and September. The
last death from cholera occurred on September 27th
iu the fever ward, a labourer, aged 22.

464; 9. ; Lathom. Pop. 4259. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 7. — This death from cholera was that of a
boatman’s wife, aged 37, at Lathom, on September
7th ; duration of attack one day.

465; i. Wigan; Standish. Pop. 6009. — Choi. 5 ;

279

in the County of Lancaster.

Diarr. 3. — The first case of cholera was that of a
boatman’s son, aged 5, at Standish, on July 18th;
he had no medical attendant, and died after an
attack of 8 hours’ duration ; no fatal case occurred
after October 15th, when a bookkeeper, aged 70,
died at Shevington.

465 ; 2. Wigan; Aspull. Pop. 6750. — Choi. 24;
Diarr. 1. — These deaths from cholera occurred at
Aspull; the first on August 4th, a collier, aged 51,
after an attack of 9 hours; the last on November
26th, a collier’s widow, aged 60, after an attack
of 14 hours. The epidemic prevailed most fatally
in the families of colliers.

465 l 3- — — 5 Wigan. Pop. 25517

Choi. 348; Diarr. 116. — Diarrhoea prevailed from
the beginning of the year, but it was not until July
1 6 th that the first death from cholera was recorded,
in the case of a collier, aged 35, at Douglas-bank,
the duration of attack being 15 hours: one other
case occurred on July 18th, at Belvoir-street ; in
August, 15 deaths took place. The epidemic con-
tinued with increasing violence throughout Septem-
ber, and attained its greatest height on October 1 8th,
when 17 fatal attacks were recorded: it declined
towards the end of the month, and in November
only 15 deaths took place at intervals, the last case
being on November 18th, a widow, aged 40, at the
Workhouse. Wigan-lane, Spring-gardens, Frank-
fort-street, School-lane, Union-street, Scholefield-
lane, Warrington-lane, Vauxhall-road, Seholes,
and Nicholas-nook are among the places which
suffered most. In the families of colliers and wea-
vers, great numbers were carried off. Diarrhoea
prevailed chiefly amongst young children, and no
less than 63 died under the age of 2 years.

465; 4. ; Hindleg. Pop. 8925. — Choi. 112;

Diarr. 14. — Cholera prevailed at the Workhouse in
March, when 4 deaths took place between the
8th and 16th of the month ; no other case occurred
until July 26th, when it proved fatal to a collier,
aged 43, at Hindley. In August it became most
prevalent: Mill-lane; Hindley; New Seholes;

Wigan-road ; Broom-street, and Platt-bridge, suf-
fered severely : in Brackley-street, a collier and his
wife died from cholera, and their daughter from
diarrhoea, the first two on September 1 7th, and the
latter on September 15 th. The last death from
cholera was that of a collier, aged 55, at Platt-bridge,
on November 15th.

465 ; 5- ; Pemberton. Pop. 7553. — Choi. 62;

Diarr. 8. — A weaver, aged 66, died of cholera, at
Pemberton, on March 6th. No other cases occurred
until July 9th and 1 6th, when a bricklayer and his
daughter died at Pemberton : it then prevailed
throughout August, September, and the early part
of October. All the deaths took place in Pem-
berton and Orrell, chiefly in the families of colliers
and weavers. The last death was that of a weaver,
aged 46, at Pemberton, on October 18th.

465; 6. ; Upholland. Pop. 5858. — Choi. 10";

Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera on June 20th,
at Billinge Chapelend, a labourer's son, aged 19,
duration of attack 8 hours. Most of the deaths
took place at Billinge Chapelend, and Billinge
Higher-end : the last fatal case was on October 29th.

465 ; 7. ; Ashton-in-MaherJield. Pop. 5410.

— Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 11. — These deaths from cholera
were those of a labourer, aged 48, at the Hole-
house, on September 26th ; and a locksmith’s wife,
aged 55, at Downall-green, on December 16th.

466; 1. Warrington; Newton. Pop. 4422. —
Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was first fatal to a
smith and his son, at 26 Viaducts, Newton, on July

27th and 29th ; the other 2 cases occurred at Red-
bank, on August 19th; and at Parks Haydock, on
October 27th.

466; 2. Warrington; Winwick. Pop. 1993. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 1.— These deaths took place at South-
wood-with-Croft ; the case of cholera on August
25th, and that of diarrhoea on August 16th.

466; 3. ; Sankey. Pop. 2276. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. o. — The first 2 cases took place atBintinwood,
on July 2 1st and 31st, and the other at Sankey, on
August 19th.

466; 4. • ; Warrington. Pop. 18981.

Choi. 50 ; Diarr. 32. — Cholera was first fatal at the
House of Recovery, on April 25 th. The next 3 cases
were . at Goodier’s-yard, on June 28th and 29th.
The epidemic prevailed throughout July, August,
September, and the early part of October, the last
death occurring on October 14th. At the House of
Recovery 25 deaths from cholera took place.

466; 5. ; Latchford. Pop. 3282. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera occurred at
Latchford, between August 29th and September
24th, inclusive.

466; 6. ; Rixton. Pop. 2084. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

467; 1. Leigh; Lowton. Pop. 4130. — Choi. 1;
Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera was that of a white-
smith’s son, aged 9, at Golborne, on June 29th.

467; 2. — — ; Culcheth. Pop. 8391. — Choi. 6;
Diarr. 9. — Of these cases of cholera one occurred on
January 3rd, at Twist Green; one on May 28th, at
Jones’-square ; 3 on August 7th, 14th, and 17th, at
Bury-lane ; and one on November 7th, at Trafalgar-
street.

467; 3. ; West Leigh. Pop. 6838. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 5. — First death from cholera on July nth, at
Liverpool-road ; second on August 12th, at Dan-
gerous Corner; third on October 7th, at Farring-
ton’s Fold.

467; 4. ; Atherton. Pop. 9193. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 7. — This death from cholera was that of a
nailer, aged 34, at Atherton, on September 9th. Of
the diarrhoea cases, 4 occurred at Tyldesley.

468; 1. Bolton; Farnworth. Pop. 8265.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 7. — First case of cholera on June
6th, at Chapel-street; second on August 1st, at 33
Green Side.

468; 2. ; Hulton. Pop. 5697. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 1. — These deaths from cholera took place on
June 16th, at Lanes End; on June 28th, at Mills
Brow; and on September 10th, at Cat-row.

468; 3. ; Westhoughton. Pop. 4527.'

Choi. 4; Diarr. 1. — On January 6th, a farmer and car-
rier, aged 51, died of cholera at Old Lees ; duration
of attack, 14 hours ; he was of intemperate habits.
The other cases occurred on June 10th, and Sep-
tember 1st and 14th, the last two being aged persons.

468 ; 4. ; Halliwell. Pop. 3955. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. o. — These were the deaths of a carter, aged
56, at Topoth-lanc, on September 10th; and a
bleacher’s wife, aged 29, at Mortfield, on September
18th.

468; 5. ; Horwich. Pop. 4398. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 4. — The first 2 to suffer from cholera were a
block-printer and his wife, at the top of the meadow,
Horwich, on March 30th and April 2nd. The other
cases took place on June 22nd at Seholes Bank ; and
on October 5th, at Brinks.

468; 6. ; Tonge-w ith-IIa u Igh . Pop. 5932.

— Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — These were the deaths of a
labourer's son, aged 15, at Lane Ends, on September
28th ; and a finisher’s daughter, aged 14, at Hag
Brow, on October 21st,

280

Notes on Cholera

468; 7. Bolton: Turton. Pop. 4553. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. 3. — -The deaths from cholera were those of a
shopkeeper’s wife, aged 42, at Dunscar, on April
30th; and a weaver’s wife, aged 61, at Volunteer-
row, on September 24th.

468; 8. ; Edgeworth. Pop. 2622. — Chol.l;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a winder of twist,
in a cotton-mill, at Entwisle, on September 5th.

468; 9. ; Sharpies. Pop. 3326. — Choi. X;

Diarr. 3. — This death from cholera was that of a
hand-loom weaver’s widow, aged 5 8, at Bank Top,
on September 9th.

468; 10. Little Bolton. Pop. 15707.

Choi. 24; Diarr. if. — The first death from cholera
was that of a weaver's son, aged 7, at 2 Back Charles-
street, on May 8th ; no other case, however, occurred
until August 22nd, when a weaver, aged 56, died at
6 Green Heyes : its prevalence after this increased,
and it was not until October 7th that the last death
was recorded.

468; xr. • ; Eastern Bolton. Pop. 18254. —

Choi. 37; Diarr. 28. — On January 27th, an inn-
keeper’s wife, aged 37, died of cholera at Mealhouse-
lane. The next case was at the Workhouse, on June
12th; 2 deaths took place in July; in August and
September its prevalence increased. The last fatal case
was that of a tailor’s son, aged 12, at Bradford-square,
on October nth. In the Union Workhouse there
were 3 deaths from cholera, and 6 from diarrhoea.

468; 12. ; Western Bolton. Pop. 15356. —

Cho!. 38; Diarr. 45. — The presence of cholera is
not recorded in this sub-district until July 26th,
when a weaver, aged 72, died at Marshes-court, after
an attack of 18 hours’ duration: this case was pre-
ceded by several deaths from diarrhoea. The epi-
demic increased in August, and prevailed severely
throughout September. On October 4th, 2 cases
occurred at Green-street; and on November gth,
the last death from cholera took place at 10 Corona-
tion-street. It was most fatal in Spring-gardens.

468; 13. ; Lever. Pop. 4937.— Choi. 3;

D iarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Creams, Little Lever, on January 13th; at Lever-lane,
on June 19th; and at Topoth Gorses, Darcy Lever,
on September 12th.

469; 1. Bury; Holconibe. Pop. 5445. — Choi. 6 ;
Diarr. 2. — The whole of these deaths from cholera
took place at Ramsbottom ; the first on June 25th,
and the last on September 26th.

469; 2. ; Tottington, Lower End. Pop. 4484.

— Choi, o; Diarr. o.

469 ; 3. ; Walmersley. Pop. 4564.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 4. The deaths from cholera occurred
between June 26th and September 7th, inclusive.

469; 4. - — — ; Birtle. Pop. 4282. — Choi. 3;
Diarr. 8. — These cases of cholera occurred at Fair-
field, Heap, on August 5th and 12th; and at Ash-
worth Hallfold, on September 23rd. Diarrhoea pre-
vailed at Birtle Dean and Hooley Bridge.

469 ; 5. ; Heywood. Pop. 14438.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 2r. — Cholera was fatal at Vale-street,
on September 4th; at 8 Back York-street, on Sep-
tember 1st and 2nd ; and at Church-street, on'Sep-
tember Gth. Diarrhoea prevailed until the beginning
of December.

469; 6. South Bury. Pop. 9926.

Choi. 13; Diarr. 14. — Cholera was first fatal to a
cotton-reeler, aged 30, at Clerke-street, on July 30th ;
it prevailed until October 10th, the last death being
that of a calico printer, aged 33, at Back-square.

469; 7. ; North Bury. Pop. 11393.—

Choi. 12; Diarr. 9. — A tile-maker's son, aged 3,
died of cholera, at Hornby-street, on January 26th.

The next case was on March 31st, at Pump-street.
In August, 7 deaths took place, and 2 in September :
it ceased to be fatal after October 2nd, when a
weaver’s son died at Eernhill.

469 ; 8. Bury ; Elton. Pop. 6646. — Choi. 6 ;
Diarr. 9. The deaths from cholera took place
between June 18th and November 4th. Diarrhoea
was most fatal in September.

469 ; 9. ; Radcliffe. Pop. 5133. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

469; 10. ; Pilkington. Pop. 11186.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 15. — First death from cholera on
June 8th, at Hollins-lane. The next 2 occurred at
Whitefield, on July 25 th and August 10th. The last
2 deaths were on October 1st, at Oak-gate and
Higher-lane. Diarrhoea was most prevalent in the
spring; it was fatal to two sons of a weaver, on
October 16th, at Chapelfield.

470; 1. Worsley; Worsley. Pop. 9697.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 3. — On January 19th, a farmer, aged
82, died of cholera at Hill Top ; the next case took
place on July 20th, and the others from September
1st to September 2ist.

471; 1. Chorlton ; Barton. Pop. 10865

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 14.

471; 2. ; Stretford. Pop. 6386. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 8.

47i > 3- j Didsbury. Pop. 3014. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 7.

471 ; 4. ; Ardwick. Pop. 17707. — Choi. 18 ;

Diarr. 45.

471; 5. ; Chorlton-upon-Medlock.

Pop. 28336. — Choi. 96; Diarr. 76.

471; 6. ; Hulme. Pop. 27418. — Choi. 160;

Diarr. 155.

The observations on the district of Chorlton will
be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

472; 1. Salford; Pendleton. Pop. 13230.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 34.

472; 2. ; Broughton. Pop. 3794. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 6.

472; 3. ; Greengate. Pop. 30682.

Choi. 165 ; Diarr. 148.

472; 4. ; Regent Road. — Pop. 22518.

Choi. 64; Diarr. 73.

The observations on the district of Salford will be
found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

473; 1. Manchester; Ancoats. Pop. 42231. —
Choi. 376 ; Diarr. 228.

473 ; 2. ; Deansgate. Top. 33153.

Choi. 172; Diarr. 140.

473; 3. ; London Road. Pop. 29049.

Choi. 148; Diarr. 129.

473; 4- ; Market-street. Pop. 27834.

Choi. 67 ; Diarr. 88.

473; 5. ; St. George. Pop. 31589.'

Choi. 93 ; Diarr. 148.

473 ) 6. ; Newton. Pop. 7383. — Choi. 17;

Diarr. 17.

473 ; 7. ; Cheetham. Pop. 8827. — Choi. 3:

Diarr. 8.

473 ; 8. ; Failsworth. Pop. 4550. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2.

473 1 9- ; Blackley. Pop. 3640. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 3.

473; 10. ; Prestwich. Pop. 4147. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

The observations on the district of Manchester
will be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

474; 1. Ashton-under-Lyne ; Knott Lanes.
Pop. 5521. — Chol.l; Diarr. 1. — This death from
cholera was that of a roller-maker, aged 58, at
Waterloo, on August 2nd.

281

in the County of Lancaster.

474; 2. Ashton-under- Lvne ; Ashton Town.
Pop. 22678. — Choi. 30; Diarr. 65. After a preva-
lence of diarrhoea from the commencement of the
year, cholera first became fatal on August 13th, to a
blacksmith’s daughter, aged 7 months, at Catherine-
street. It prevailed chiefly in August and September :
the last two cases occurred on November 29th and
December 2nd. Adelphi-court and Scotland-brook
suffered most ; and 3 deaths from cholera and 3 from
diarrhoea took place at the Hospital in Crickets-
lane. Diarrhoea was fatal in 5 cases at the
Workhouse.

474; 3. Audenshaw. Pop. 10307.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 10. — Diarrhoea was most prevalent
in September.

474; 4. ; Denton. Pop. 6759 — Choi.' o;

Diarr. 2.

474; 5. ■; Newton and Godleij. Pop. 8900 —

Choi, o; Diarr. 7. Diarrhoea was most fatal in the
spring.

474; 6. ; Dukinfield. Pop. 22394.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 24. Cholera was first fatal in the
case of a shoemaker’s wife, aged 52, at 22 Grass
Croft-street, on June nth; the last deaths were
those of a striper’s two sons, at 12 Nelson-street,
September 8th. Diarrhoea was prevalent throughout
the year, but chiefly in September.

474; 7. ; Hartshead. Pop. 12731.

Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 7. First death from cholera on June
7th, at 23 Old-street, Staleybridge ; the other cases
occurred from September 2nd to September 14th.

474; 8. - ; Mottram. Pop. 7613. — Choi. 21;

Diarr. o. — From the 9th to the 17th of June,
cholera prevailed with much severity; 13 deaths
occurring within that period, and the whole of
them at Woodhead Tintwistle among the mining
and labouring population : of the remaining cases
5 occurred in August, 2 on September 6th, and the
last death on October 5th at Wedenscougb.

474; 9. ; Stayley. Pop. 4702. — Choi. I;

Diarr. o.— This was the death of a shoemaker’s wife,
aged 57, at Warrington Place, on September 9th.

475; 1. Oldhaji; Oldham-below-Town.

Pop. 21986. — Choi. 24; Diarr. 31. — Diarrhoea was
very prevalent in the early part of the year. Cholera
was first fatal to a mechanic’s daughter, aged 5, at
Morton-terrace, on August 14th ; the next case
was on August 26th, at Back Royton-street. The
influence of the epidemic was most felt throughout
September: several deaths took place in New
Radcliffe-street ; Maygate-lane, and North-moor;
in October only 3 cases occurred, the last being on
October 13th, at Royton-street.

475; 2. ; Oldham-above-Town , Pop. 20609.

— Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 9. — Cholera was first fatal at New
Earth, Oldham, on July 28th and August 3rd ; the
last case occurred on October 23rd, at Beever-street.

475; 3. ; Chadderton. Pop. 7820.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 7. — The first deaths from cholera
were those of a mother and daughter at the work-
house, on May 16th and 17th; the other cases
occurred on July 12th, at Lark-hill, Tonge, and on
October 3rd, at the Fever ward.

475; 4. ; Middleton. Pop. 8078.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 8. — These deaths from cholera took
place at Rhodes, on August 21st, an engraver,
aged 40 ; and on September roth, a grocer, aged 43.

475; 5. ; Royton. Pop. 7186. — Choi 2;

Diarr. 9. — The deaths from cholera were those of a
shopkeeper, aged 46, at Trub Smithy, Thornham,
and a cotton spinner, aged 30, at Downing-street,
on September 12th. Diarrhoea was most prevalent in
J anuary.

475; 6. Oldham; Crompton. Pop. 6729.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 10. — Most of these deaths took place
in the spring.

476; 1. Rochdale; Butterworth Freeholdside.
Pop. 2313. — Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1. — Cholera was fatal
to a weaver and pensioner, aged 44, at Sungate, on
August 13th ; and to a carter, aged 21, at Stonepit-
field, October 4th.

476; 2. ; Butterworth Lordshipside.

Pop. 2775. — Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

476; 3. ; Castleton without. Pop. 5860. —

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 5. — Two of the deaths from cholera
occurred on July 29th, at Brimrod-lane and at
Orchard, and the other, on August 23rd, at Balder-
stone.

476; 4. ; Castleton within. Pop. 8419. —

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 4. — Cholera was fatal at Milkstone,
on September 16th ; at Bell-street on September
28th ; and at Church-lane, on October 8th.

476 ; 5. ; Spotland-nearer-side. Pop. 7537.

—Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera
took place at College-street, on September 22nd ;
at Hamilton Buildings, on September 25th; and
at Wham Bottom, on October nth.

476 ; 6. ; Spotland-farther-side. Pop. 5211.

— Choi. 2; Diarr. 3. — The deaths from cholera
occurred at Dunisbooth, on February 3rd, and at
Clapgate on July 6th.

47^> 7- ; Wardlewortli. — Pop. 11400.

— Choi. 4 ; Diarr.’ 14. — Cholera was first fatal to a
male infant, aged 6 months, at John-street, on
January 21st ; the other cases occurred at Red Cross-
street, on July 30th; at Yorkshire- street, on
September 19th ; and at Rope-street, on October 18th.
The deaths from diarrhoea ranged between February
4th and October 19th.

476; 8. ; Wuerdle. Pop. 6875.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 8. The cases of cholera were those
of a weaver, aged 44, at Smallbridge, on June 13th ;
and a weaver’s wife, aged 41, at Hamerbottoms, on
October 10th.

476; 9. ; Blatchinworth. Pop. 4456.

— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 5.- — Cholera was fatal to a
shoemaker, aged 55, at Littleborough Blatchinworth,
on August 14th ; duration of attack 2 days. 3 of
the deaths from diarrhoea occurred in December.

476; 10. ; Whitworth. Pop. 5732. ■

— Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 8. — On Feb. 1st a farmer's son,
aged 7 months, died of cholera, after an attack
lasting 30 hours, at Back Fields, Spotland ; next
case on February 22nd, at Bridge Mill, Spodand ; and
the last death on October 2nd, at Greave, Spotland.

477; r. Haslingden ; New-church. Pop. 11668.
— Choi. 3; Diarr. 13. The cases of cholera occurred
on June 25th, at Edgeside ; on September 17th, at
Bridleway; and on September 24th, at Waterfoot.
Diarrhoea prevailed chiefly from April 16th to
September 7th ; the exception being 3 cases in
December.

477; 2. ; Rossendale. Pop. 7832. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6.

477; 3- ; Edenfield. Pop. 4832. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o.- — This was the death of a labourer, aged
36, at Musden-head, Musbury, on December 4th,
duration of attack 3^ days.

477 ; 4. ; Haslingden. Pop. 8239. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 6. — Cholera was fatal to a designer of colours at
the market-place on September 3rd : duration of
attack 8 hours ; he had suffered from slight diarrhoea
for 40 hours previous.

477 ; 5. ; Accrington. Pop. 8719. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 6. — The deaths from cholera were those of a
block-cutter’s widow, aged 62, at Black Abbey, on

282

Notes on Cholera

June 14th ; duration of attack 4 days : and a labourer’s
son, aged ‘4 months, at Grange, New Accrington,
on August 4th ; duration of attack 24 hours.

478; 1. Burnley; Burnley. Pop. 23546.

Choi. 28 ; Diarr. 20. — Diarrhoea was very prevalent
in the early part of the year. A block-printer’s wife
died from cholera, on February 2nd, at Penny-street,
Habergham Eves : it was not, however, until July
1 4th, that the next death from cholera took place. It
then prevailed until November 24th, when the last
case is recorded : several deaths occurred at Healey
Wood, Thorny Bank, Cross-street, and Wood-street.

478; 2. ; Padiham. Pop. 7145. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 2. — The fatal cases of cholera occurred at
Ightonhill-street, on June 24th ; at Dame-street, on
August 28th; at Syke-side Altham, on September
nth; and at Guy-street, on October 21st.

478; 3- ■; Colne. Pop. 20761. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 4.

478; 4. ; Pendle. Pop. 2750. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

479; 1. Clitheroe; Gisburn. Pop. 3422.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a farmer’s
wife, aged 40, at Rimmington, on September 17th ;
duration of attack 2 days, and she had diarrhoea for
3 days previously.

479; 2. ; Slaidburn. Pop. 2122. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 3.

479 1 3- j Chipping. Pop. 3746. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

479; 4. ; Clitheroe. Pop. 10187. — Choi. 21;

Diarr. 8. — The first death from cholera was that of a
labourer’s daughter, after an attack of 9 hours’
duration, at Back Salford, on August 28th ; after this
it prevailed greatly in Russell-street, where 11 deaths
took place, out of which number 7 were block-printers
and their wives : the last case recorded is that of
a labourer’s wife, aged 54, at Shaw Bridge, on
October 8th.

479 i 5- ; Whalley. Pop. 3540. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a railway labourer,
aged 77, at Whalley, on May 18th ; duration of attack
7 days.

480; r. Blackburn; Billington. Pop. 1851. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal to a railway
labourer, aged 25, at Billington, on August 2nd, after
an attack of 9 hours’ duration.

480; 2. ; Harwood. Pop. 6114.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 8. — These deaths from cholera
occurred at Rishton, on August 1 7th ; at Oakenshaw,
Clay ton-le-moors, on October 9th ; and at Great Har-
wood, on November 23rd.

480; 3. ; Mellor. Pop. 3682. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

480; 4. >; Blackburn. Pop. 36629.

Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 59. — The first death from cholera
was that of a bricklayer’s sou, aged 7 months, at 4
Mary Ann-street, on February 20th ; second case on
March 4th, at 81 Montague-street, a printer, aged 45 ;
the next 2 cases were in July'. In August the epide-
mic increased, and it prevailed until the end of
September ; one death, however, being recorded so
late as November i8th,at 8 Jackson-street, a labourer,
aged 38, after an attack of 4 days’ duration. Diar-
rhoea was prevalent from January until the end of
November.

480; 5. ; Oswaldtwistle. Pop. 8200.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 6. — The deaths from cholera took
place at Cross, on October 26th ; at Barlow-row,
on December 3rd, and at Alletroyds, on December
nth.

480 ; 6. ; Darwen. Pop. 14003. — Cliol. 3 ;

Diarr. 6. — These fatal cases of cholera occurred on

September 14th at Chapels; on September 21st at
Blackmoor ; and on September 22nd at Henry-street.

480; 7. Clitheroe; Witton. Pop. 4609.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 5.

481; r. Chorley ; Brindle. Pop. 6143.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal to a quarry-
man’s son, aged 10 months, at Wheelton, on Jan-
uary 25th, after an attack lasting one week ; and to a
cotton carder, aged 35, at Withnell, on September
22nd, after an attack of 22 hours’ duration.

481; 2. ; Leyland. Pop. 8794. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera was that of
a weaver’s wife, aged 64, at Clayton-le- Woods, on
June 1 7th ; second case, at Euxton, on August 14th ;
and the other 3 deaths were those of a labourer’s
wife, daughter, and son, at Euxton, on October 17th
and 1 8th.

481 ; 3. ; Rivington. Pop. 3166. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Charnock Heath, on October 14th, 16th, and 17th.

48154. ; Chorley. Pop. 15970. — Choi, n;

Diarr. 8. — Cholera was first fatal on March loth, to
a spinner, aged 34, at Standish-street ; the next two
cases were on April 17th and May 8th; 2 deaths
took place on September 24th, viz. , a mother and son
at Market-street : the last case was that of a book-
keeper aged 33. at Standish-street, on November 6th ;
Standish-street and Market-street suffered most.

481; 5. ; Croston. Pop. 4763. — Choi. 7;

Diarr. 2. — Excepting one case at Eccleston, on Sep-
tember 7th, all the deaths from cholera occurred at
Croston, from August 21st to October 2nd ; a joiner
and his son died on September 30th.

482; 1. Preston ; Longton. Pop. 6487. — Chol.o;
Diarr. 2.

482; 2. ; Preston. Pop. 50887. — Choi. 29;

Diarr. 15 1. — Diarrhoea was very fatal in this sub-
district, and prevailed throughout the year, though
chiefly in July, August, September, and October ;
infant mortality was very great, upwards of §rds of the
deaths occurring amongst children under 2 years of
age. Cholera first appeared in a fatal form on May
9th, at Holme Slack, in the case of a labourer’s wife,
aged 51 ; the next 2 deaths were in Yicar-street, on
July 24th and 30th. Of the other cases, 12 took
place in August ; 8 in September ; 5 in October ; and
the last on November 16th, at the House of Recovery,
where 3 deaths had previously occurred : it was fatal
to a labourer’s widow and daughter, at 2 Bleasdale-
street, on August 16th and 17th ; to a spindle-maker
and his twin daughters, at Snow-hill, on September
17th, 22nd, and 24th ; and to a hatter’s wife and son
at Fitches-yard, on October 26th and 27th.

482; 3. ; Walton-le-Dale. Pop. 8493.——

Choi. 4; Diarr. 10. — Excepting one case at Turner
Green, Samlesbury, on September 8th, the deaths
from cholera occurred at Moon’s Mill, Walton-le-
Dale, on September 15 th, 16th, and 17th.

482 ; 4. ; Alston. Pop. 4676. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 4.

482 ; 5. ; Broughton. Pop. 6658. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 1.

483; 1. Fylde; Kirkham. Pop. 8855. — Choi. 2;
Diarr. 3. — These cases of cholera were those of a
well-sinker’s widow, aged 78, at Kirkham, on August
20th; and a flax-spinner, aged 27, at Kirkham, on
November 12 th.

483; 2. ; Lytham. Pop. 2547. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

483; 3.' ; Poulton-le- Fylde. Pop. 9538.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal at Hawes Side,
Marton, to a tailor, aged 62, on June 12th ; and to
I a labourer’s son, aged 10, on August 17th.

283

in the Counties of Lancaster and York.

484; 1. Garstang; Stalmine. Pop. 3032.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a labourer's
widow, aged 54, at Pilling, on November 20th.

484; 2. ; St. Michael. Pop. 3456.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

484; 3. ; Garstang. Pop. 6519. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 4.

485; i. Lancaster; Ellel. Pop. 4472.— Choi. o ;
Diarr. o.

485 ; 2. ; Heaton. Pop. 2474. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. o. — These were deaths of a boatman, aged
23, at Bare, on August 4th ; and of a joiner’s wife,
aged 28, at Poulton, on August 14th.

485 ; 3- ; Lancaster. Pop. 17816. — Choi. 92 ;

Diarr. 39. — Cholera commenced its ravages in this
sub-district on July 24th, when a printer’s daughter,
aged 2, died at Moor-lane, alter an attack lasting 6
hours ; 3 other cases occurred in July : the epidemic
then increased and prevailed throughout August, Sep-
tember, October, and November. The last 2 deaths
took place on December 3rd and 12th, at Bridge-
lane : it was most fatal in Henry -street, Bridge-
lane, and Main-street Skerton ; 1 1 deaths occurred in
the Dispensary and House of Recovery. Diarrhoea
was very prevalent in the early part of the year.

485 ; 4. ; Caton. Pop. 1984. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

485; 5. Lancaster; Wray. Pop. 2309.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

485 ; 6. ; Tunstal. Pop. 866. Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

485; 7* ; Arhholme. Pop. 1017. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

485 ; 8. ; Warton. Pop. 3822. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

486; 1, Ulvekstone; Cartmel. Pop. 4927.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

486; 2. ; Colton. Pop. 3701. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

486; 3. ; Ulverstone. Pop. 6101. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 13. — This case of cholera, was that of a female
servant, aged 14, at Market-place, on October 31st ;
duration of attack 22 hours. 5 deaths from diar-
rhoea took place in the Union Workhouse.

486 ; 4. ; Dalton. Pop. 4899. — Choi. I ;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer, aged 48,
at Seales, on July 26th ; duration of attack 3 days.

486; 5. ; West Broughton. Pop. 3449.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

486 ; 6. ; Hawkshead. Pop. 3670. Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a farmer, aged 61,
at Sawrey-ground Township, on September 5th ;
duration of attack 17 hours.

IX. YORK

35. WEST RIDING.

487; 1. Sedbergh; Sedbergh. Pop. 2268.

Chol.o ; Diarr. o.

487; 2. ; Garsdale. Pop. 681. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

487; 3. ; Dent. Pop. 1887. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

488; x. Settle; Bentham. Pop. 5418. — Chol.o;
Diarr. o.

488 2. ; Settle. Pop. 5614. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 6. — The 6 deaths from diarrhoea all occurred
at Giggleswick — • 2 males, 4 females — 4 in January,
2 in October.

488; 3. ; Long Preston. Pop. 1749. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

488 ; 4. ; Kirkby Malliam. Pop. 868.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

488; 5. ; Arncliffe. Pop. 447. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

489 ; 1. Skxpton ; Kettlewell. Pop. 1244.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

489; 2. ; Gargrave. Pop. 2031. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

489 ; 3. ; Barnoldswick. Pop. 5732.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

489; 4. ; Kildwich. Pop. 5874. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 1. — A labourer, aged 71, at Farnhill, July
22nd, of cholera. A farmer’s son, aged 14 weeks, at
Cowling, of diarrhoea, on December 5th.

489; 5- ; Sliipton. Pop. 7826. — Choi 4;

Diarr. 3. — These 4 deaths from cholera occurred in
September at Waller-hill, Carlton, Market-place,
and Mill-fields— one male and 3 females. The first,
September 4th, a boatman's wife, aged 47, at \\ aller-
hill ; the last September 29th, a gardener, aged 71,
at Mill-fields.

4.89 ; 6. ; Addinyham. Pop. 2968.— Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. o. — Both these deaths occurred in Addingham,
in November — a male aged 75, and a female lodging-
house keeper, aged 66, both after 24 hours’ illness.

DIVISION.

489 ; 7. Skxpton : Grassington. Pop. 3060.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

490; 1. Pateley Bridge ; Ranisgill. Pop. 1237. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

490; 2. ; Pateley Bridge. Pop. 3266.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 3. — The death from cholera oc-
curred May 8th, a miller’s son, aged 4 months, at
Pateley Bridge. The 3 deaths from diarrhoea oc-
curred in the Workhouse.

49°; 3- ; Tkornthwaite. Pop. 1582.

Choi. 1. ; Diarr. o. — August 7th, farmer’s son, aged
24 weeks, at West End, Fewstone.

490; 4. ; Dacre Banks. Pop. 1914.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

491; 1. Ripon; Marhington. Pop. 3011

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

491; 2. ; Ripon. Pop. 8235. — Choi. 3;

Diar. 6. — The first death from cholera occurred
June 2nd, a labourer's wife, aged 71, in High-street,
Agnesgate. The second, August 31st, a wool-
comber, aged 63, at Bedern-bank. The last, Sep-
tember 2nd, a labourer’s daughter, aged XI, at
Bridge Hewick.

491; 3. ; Kirkby Malzeard. Pop. 3398.

Choi, o; Diarr. 5. — These were all children except
one.

491; 4. ; Sutton Howyrave. Pop. 1863. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

491 , 5. ; Dishforth. Pop. 2394. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

492 ; 1. Knaresborough ; Boroughbridge.

Pop. 3404. — Choi, i; Diarr. 6. — This death from
cholera occurred September 21st, a labourer’s wife,
aged 34, in Boroughbridge, after 9 hours’ illness.

492; 2. ; Harrogate. Pop. 8248. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 8. — The death Iroin cholera occurred June
20th, a labourer, aged 33, at Mill-lane, Follifoot.

492; 3. ; Knaresborough. Pop. booo.

Choi. 49 ; Diarr. 20. — These deaths from cholera oc-
curred in October and November, in Knaresborough
and the township of Scriven, amongst weavers and

284

Notes on Cholera

labourers at Bond-end Scriven, Briggate, Iligh-street,
Market-place, Church-lane, and Horsemill-yard.
The first death registered from cholera occurred,
August 19th, at Bond-end, a dealer in earthenware,
aged 68. The last, December 7th, at Briggate, a
tinner or tinman, aged 27. The cholera here was
accompanied and preceded by several deaths from
diarrhoea.

492; 4. Knaresborough ; Wkixley. Pop. 3247.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

492 ; 5. ; Wetherby. Pop. 4354. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 3. — June 21st, a labourer, aged 23, in Wether-
by, of cholera ; also a labourer, aged 55, in Wetherby,
October 29th.

493; I. Otley; Harewood. Pop. 4198. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

493; 2. ; Fewston. Pop. 1706. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

493i 3- : Otley. Pop. 9028. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. o.- — A horsekeeper, a tailor, and a copper-
plate printer’s wife, aged 29, 55, and 31, September
3rd, 15th, 17th, in Westgate, Gay-lane, and Cam-
bridge in Otley.

493 ; 4. ; Yeadon. Pop. 8086. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 6. — September 9th, a clothier, aged 37, at
Guiseley, and a gardener’s 2 children at Rawdon, of
cholera.

493; 5* j Baildon. Pop. 4062. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

494; 1. Keighley; Bingley. Pop. 11850. —

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 8. — August 1st, a worsted spinner,
aged 55, at Wesley, 12 hours’ illness, from cholera.

494 ; 2. ; Keighley. Pop. 18014. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 6. — The first death from cholera, January 19th,
a mechanic, aged 57, in Brunswick-street. The
second, March 1 7th, a dressmaker, aged 34, at Silsden.
July 24th, a labourer, aged 69, at Cat-hole, Silsden.
August 14th, a joiner, aged 70, at Upper Green ; and
the last, November 18, a woolcomber’s daughter,
aged 4 months, at Beeks Silsden.

494; 3. • ; Haworth. Pop. 6303. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — September 4th, a butcher, aged 58, at
Scar Hail.

1 495; 1. Todmorden; Hebden Bridge. Pop. 15018.
— Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 9. — The first death registered here
from cholera took place April 15th, a widow lady,
aged 67, at Hanksclough Wadsworth, after 2 hours’
illness. The last, December 19th, a farmer’s son,
aged 16, at Law-hill, Erringden, after 24 hours’
illness.

495; 2. ; Todmorden. Pop. 16638. — Choi. 5 ;

Diarr. 15. — The first death from cholera occurred
July 16th, a jobber, aged 57, at Brook-street, Tod-
morden, Langfield. The last, September 24th, a
toll-collector's son, aged 5, at Wandsworth Mill.

496 ; 1. Saddleworth ; Delph. Pop. 9233.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 3. — The first death from cholera oc-
curred August 3rd, a cotton-piecer, aged 25, in the
New-road, near Lees. The last, September 13th,
a farmer, aged 62, at Moscow, Highmoor.

496; 2. ; Upper Mill. Pop. 7596. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

497; 1. Huddersfield; Slaithwaite. Pop. 7335.
— Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 2. — The first 2 deaths from cholera,
and one from diarrhoea complicated with dysentery ;
all occurred at Stubbin Marsden, Almondbury.
August 12th, 20th, and 25th, labourers’ sons, aged
15 months, 15, and 3. The others occurred at Dry
Mill and Waterside in Slaithwaite. The last, a
clothier’s wife, aged 57, Water Side, October 10th.

497; 2. ; Meltham, Pop. 5968. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 10. — First death from cholera, January 3rd, a
cotton-spinner’s wife, aged 65, at Bunker’s Hill.

The last, October 1st, a slubber’s son, aged 3, at
Lower Hey.

497; 3. Huddersfield; Honley. Pop. 6539. —
Choi. 2; Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera
took place July 7th, a delver's daughter, aged one, at
Honley. The' second December 26th, a weaver,
aged 71, at Shayhead.

497; 4. ; Holmfirth. Pop. 9761. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 1. — First death from cholera took place August
7th, a clothier’s son, aged 4 months, at Bank End,
Wooldale. October 5th, a clothier, aged 46, at
Boothouse, Anstonley ; and October 13th, a collier’s
widow, aged 39, at Underbank, Wooldale.

497 > 5- i New-Mill. Pop. 5495. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 1. — This death from cholera occurred on
June 4th, a clothier, aged 71, at Lee-side, in Ful-
stone.

497; 6. — ; Kirkburton. Pop. 10967.-
Chol. o ; Diarr. 2.

497) 7- ; Almondbury. Pop. 9672. — Choi, r ;

Diarr. 13. — This death from cholera occurred Sep-
tember 22nd, a weaver, aged 23, at Quarry-hill,
after 49 hours’ illness. The deaths from diarrhoea
were most of them children teething.

497; 8. — — ; Kirk Heaton. Pop. 1 1930.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — October 12th, a cloth finisher,
aged 52, at Mould-green, Dalton.

497 5 9- 5 Huddersfield. Pop. 25068.

Choi. 20 ; Diarr. 26. — These occurred chiefly in
August and September in clothiers’ and cloth-dres-
sers’ families, at Paddock-head and Croppers-row.
The first death from cholera occurred January 21st, a
tailor, aged 50, Vagrant-office, Huddersfield. The
last October 3rd, a cloth-dresser, aged 39, Croppers-
row.

497; 10. ; Lockwood. Pop. 6407. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 7. — The first death from cholera occurred
February 15th, a butcher, aged 38, at Rash Cliffe;
The last, November 28th, a fulling miller’s son, aged
2, at Crosland Moor.

497; ir. ; Golcar. Pop. 9869. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 2 .■ — Most of these deaths from cholera oc-
curred in September, nearly all females. The first
took place February 3rd, a clothier, aged 65, at I.ey-
moor, Golcar. The last, November 16th, a clothier’s
wife, aged 63, at Well-house.

498 ; 1. Halifax ; Rastricli. Pop. 3881. •

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — June 2 ist, a cloth-dresser’s wife,
aged 55, in Lerowtrees-lane.

498; 2. ; Brighouse. Pop. 8096. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

498; 3. ; Southowram. Pop. 6478.—

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — October 8th, a weaver’s wife,
aged 40, at Caddyfield.

498; 4. ; Halifax. Pop. 25118. — Choi. r3 ;

Diarr. 26. — The first death from cholera occurred
July 27th, a cardmaker’s daughter, aged one month,
at 41 Great Albion-street. The last took place
December 12th, a labourer, aged 52, at Mearclough,
Bottom Skircoat. Diarrhoea also prevailed.

498 ; 5. ; Elland. Pop. 10238. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 5.

498; 6. ; Ripponden. Pop. 7704. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. o.— -September 5th, a farmer, aged 70, at
Stott-hall, Rishworth.

498; 7. ; Sowerby. Pop, 13045. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 8. — The deaths from cholera occurred Octo-
ber 8th, 13th, and November ist, in a cotton-twister,
a boatman, and a millwright, aged 41, 55, and 66, at
Mill Bank and Sowerby Bridge, Warley. "

498; 8. ; Luddenden. Pop. 6312. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

498; 9. ; Ovenden. Pop. 11799. — Choi. 2;

285

in the West Riding of the County of York.

Diarr. I. — The deaths from ’ cholera took place
August 22nd and September 6th, a spinner’s widow,
aged 55, and a labourer’s son, aged 12, at Wheatley
and Page-hill.

498 ; 10. Halifax ; Northowram. Pop. 16402.
— Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 4.- — These were weavers, &c., at
Madehouse-lane Shelf, Plowcroft, Haley Hill, Booth
Town, and Only House, North Owram, in August
and September. The first death from cholera took
place August 12th, the last October 3rd.

499 ; 1. Bradford ; Cleckheaton. Pop. 7607.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera oc-
curred in August and September, in miners’ and
labourers' families, at Cleckheaton and Hunsworth.
The first, August 15th, a banksman, 74, at Oken-
shaw. The last, October 23rd, a wire-drawer’s son,
aged 15, in Water-lane.

499; 2. ; Drighlington. Pop. 4561.

Choi. 14; Diarr. 3. — These were in miners’ and la-
bourers’ families at Nethertown, Lamb Bottom in
Drighlington. The first death from cholera took
place August 1st, a nailmaker’s daughter, aged 13,
in Drighlington, her sister, aged 3, having died the
day before of diarrhoea. The last death took place
October 19th, a brickmaker’s wife, aged 57, at
Nethertown.

499; 3- i North Bierley. Pop. 9512.

Choi, 6 ; Diarr. 3. — These were in miners’ and la-
bourers’ families at Slack, Wibsey, and Odsall, in
September and October. The first, a miner’s son,
aged 8 months, at Slack, September 4th. The last a
miner, aged 35, also at Slack, October 20th.

499 ; 4. ; Bowling. Pop. 8918. — Choi. 14;

Diarr. 10. — These were in labourers’ and mechanics’
families in Back-lane and Smiddles. The first death
from cholera took place August 18th, a female spin-
ner, aged 22, in Back-lane, after 9 hours’ illness.
The last, September 30th, a railway labourer, aged
35, at Smiddles, after 24 hours’ illness.

499 i 5- ; Bradford East End. Pop. 18128.

— Choi. 210; Diarr. 64.— These deaths occurred
chiefly in the families of woolcombers, weavers,
and labourers in North Wing, Belgrave-street, New
Leeds, Bradford Moor, Wellington-street, Mel-
bourne-street, Spring-street, Wapping, Warwick-
street, George-street, and Palladio’s-buildings, Bol-
ton-road, in June, July, August, September, October,
and November. The first death from cholera took
place June 7th, a smith’s assistant, aged 55, at 103
North Wing, several deaths from diarrhoea having
previously occurred. The last death from cholera
took place December 28th, a labourer, aged 45, at
33 Spring-street.

499 ; 6. ; Bradford West End. Pop. 16432.

— Choi. 76 ; Diarr. 79. — The deaths from cholera and
diarrhoea are nearly equal. They were principally
woolcombers’ and labourers’ families in Long
Lands-street, Longcroft-place, Vagrant Office, Vic-
toria-street, Providence-street, Thomas street, and
Westgate-street. The deaths from diarrhoea preceded
and accompanied those from cholera. The first
death from cholera took place February 27th, a
drover, aged 47, at 12 Back-lane, from drinking.
The second, on March 6th, a grocer, aged 71, in
Gracechurch-street, after 3 days’ illness. The third
June 4th, a dram-shopkeeper’s widow, aged 72, at
27 Lamb-lane. The cholera prevailed in August
and September. The 2 last deaths from cholera
took place December 4th and 17th, a labourer, aged
40, at Mill Bank, and a labourer, aged 20, in Thomp-
son’s-alley.

499 5 7- ! Horton. Pop. 23237.— Choi. 60 ;

Diarr. 51. — The majority of these deaths occurred

in the families of woolcombers, weavers, and labour"
ers in Chapel-street, Hope-street, Duke-street, John-
street, High-street, King-street, and Preston-place
in the township of Horton. The first death from
cholera took place June 9th, a domestic female ser-
vant, aged 19, in Chapel-lane. The second, a wool-
comber’s daughter, aged 9 months, in Portland-
street. The last, December 5th, a blacksmith's
daughter, aged 11, in Baldwin’s Fold, Manningham.
The cholera prevailed in August and September.

499; 8. Bradford; Thornton. Pop. [11135.

Choi. 2; Diarr. 5. — A delver’s son, aged 11 months,
August 13th, at New Halifax, and a single woman’s
son, aged 10 weeks, in Ball-street, after 32 hours’
illness, died from cholera.

499; 9- ) Wilsden. Pop. 4598. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 3. — July 27th, a weaver, aged 42, at Poggs
Allerton, and October 2nd, a weaver, aged 60, at
Crossley Hall, from cholera.

499; 10. ; Shipley. Pop. 3986. — Choi. 8;

Diarr. 7. — The first death from cholera took place
July 10th, a coal miner’s son, aged 16 weeks, at
Westgate. The last, October 15 th, a carrier, aged
75, in Union Mill-yard, Shipley.

499; 11. ; Idle. Pop. 9903. — Choi. 10;

Diarr. 6. — Most of these occurred at Windhill and
Eccleshill in September. The first death from
cholera took place January 8th, a clothier, aged
62, at Windhill, after 24 hours’ illness, having suf-
fered from dyspepsia for 3 or 4 months. The
2 next, September 18th, both at Windhill, a cloth
burler, aged 29, and a clothier, aged 65. The last,
October 12th, a clothier, aged 62, at Windhill.

499; 12. ; Calverley. Pop. 4142. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 3. — This death from cholera took place May
16th, a clothier’s wife, aged 58, at Farsley.

4991 x3- > Pvdsey. Pop. 10002. — Choi. 14;

Diarr. 6. — These deaths from cholera took place
chiefly in clothiers’ families in October. The first,
March 13th, a farmer, aged 81, at Delfend. The
second July 6th, a cloth-weaver’s daughter, aged 38
weeks, at Waterloo. The last, December 21st, a
waste-dealer’s daughter, aged 8 months, at Little-
moor. Several deaths from cholera took place at
Greenside.

500; 1. Hunslet; Worthy. Pop. 16213.

Choi. 40 ; Diarr. 8.

500; 2. ; Kirkstall. Pop. 17831. — Choi. 69 ;

Diarr. 12.

500; 3. ; Chapeltown. Pop. 4538. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

50054. ; Whit kirk. Pop- 32oi.--Chol. 30 ;

Diarr. 2.

500; 5. ; Rothwell. Pop. 5601. — Choi. 44 ;

Diarr. 18.

500; 6. ; HoTbeck. Pop. 16719. — Choi. 260;

Diarr. 30.

500; 7. •; Hunslet. Pop. 15852. — Cbol.44l;

Diarr. 50.

The observations on the district of Hunslet will
be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

501; 1. Leeds; South East Leeds. Pop. 25151.
— Choi. 796; Diarr. in.

501; 2. ; North Leeds. Pop. 31143.

Choi. 521 ; Diarr. 96.

501; 3. ; West Leeds. Pop. 32447.

Choi. 122 ; Diarr. 60.

The observations on the district of Leeds will be
found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

502; 1. Dewsbury; Morley. Pop. 4087. — Choi.
99 : Diarr. 4. — Cholera became fatal in this sub-
district on August 3rd, when a clothier, aged 80,
died after an attack of 9 hours’ duration, at Morley

286

Notes on Cholera

Hole; it prevailed with severity throughout the
month, and abated towards the middle of Septem-
ber. The last two cases took place on October 3rd
and 13th, at Town End, Morley. The epidemic was
most severely felt at Morley Hole, Morley Com-
mon, Morley Bottoms, Banks Hill, Town End,
Middlethorp, and Troy Hill. It was most fatal in
the families of clothiers, and several instances
occurred of two members of the same family dying.

502 ; 2. Dewsbury; Batley. Pop. 7076. — Choi. 53 ;
Diarr. 21. — The first death from cholera was that of
a blacksmith’s son, aged 4, at Clark Green, on
August nth, the duration of attack being only 7
hours: the next cases occurred on August 13th, at
Havercroft; and on August 14th and 18th, at New
Batley. It prevailed until November 3rd, when the
last death was recorded at Havercroft : it was severe
at Havercroft and Brownhill, and chiefly in the
families of clothiers. Several deaths from diarrhoea
took place prior to cholera being prevalent.

502; 3. ; Gomersal. Pop. 8030. — Choi.

46 ; Diarr. 14. — Cholera was first fatal to a clothier,
aged 78, at Birstal, on June 14th ; the next two cases
were on July 19th, at Birkenshaw, and on August
13th, at Birstal. No other death took place until
September 6th : it then became prevalent, and con-
tinued so until November 16th, when the last death
was recorded at Birkenshaw Bottoms. By far the
greatest number of deaths took place at Birstal, the
families of clothiers and coal-miners suffering most.
In the Union Workhouse, Gomersal, 3 fatal cases
occurred in addition to 4 of diarrhoea.

502; 4. ; Liversedge. Pop 9525. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 4. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Mill ‘Bridge, on August 21st; at Milton Row, on
August 29th ; and at Dog House, on September 5th.

502; 5. ; Mirjicld. Pop. 6919. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — This case of cholera, was that of a la-
bourer, aged 43, at Batty Ford, on October 2nd ;
the duration of attack being 2 days.

502; 6. ; Dewsbury. Pop. 10600.

Choi. 18 ; Diarr. 19. — After a prevalence of diarrhoea
inf July and August, cholera became fatal to 2 female
children, aged respectively 7 and 8 years, at Daw-
green, on September 5th : the epidemic was con-
fined to this month, excepting the last death, which
took place on October 3rd, in Union-street. Daw-
green and Bradford-road suffered most. 4 deaths
from diarrhoea took place in the Union Workhouse.

502; 7. ; Soothill. Pop. 4453. — Choi, o;

Diarr 4.

502; 8. ; Ossett. Pop. 6078. — .Choi. 3;

Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Gawthorpe, on August 12th, and at Ossett, on Sep-
tember 18th and 24th.

502; 9. ; Thornhill. Pop. 3941. — Choi, r;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a bookkeeper, aged
61, at Thornhill, Lees, on August 23rd; duration of
attack, 21 hours.

503; r. Wakefield; Bretton. Pop. 5399.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — These deaths occurred at
Emley, on September 1st ; at Shitlington, on Octo-
ber 26th; and at Emley, on October 27th.

503; 2. ; Sandall. Pop. 6074. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal at Fall lng, Sandal,
on September 16th ; at Dirtcarr, Crigglestone, on
October 10th and December 9th; the duration of
attack being in each case 24 hours, 3 days, and 5
days respectively.

503 ; 3. ; Stanley. Pop. 6625. — Choi. 132;

Diarr. 16. — A miner, aged 38, died of cholera at Hat-
field-row, on June 21st; the next death was that of a
mechanic, aged 25, at Lofthouscgate, Wrenthorpe,

on August 13th : 6 other deaths took place in
August, and 4 in September. Throughout October
and November it prevailed most severely; the last
death being that of a slubber, aged 26, in the
Lunatic Asylum, on November 30th. The epidemic
was very fatal at Cock Pit Houses, Stanley, and at
East Moor ; the virulence with which it prevailed
in the Lunatic Asylum, Stanley, was most remark-
able, there being no less than 102 fatal attacks, viz.,
in September, 1 ; in October, 86, and in November,
15. 8 deaths from diarrhoea also took place in the

same institution.

503; 4. Wakefield; Wakefield. Pop. 14754. —
Choi. 86 ; Diarr. 36. — Cholera was very fatal in
January, 19 deaths taking place from the 9th to
the 24th of the month ; but, with the exception of a
labourer’s wife at Blackburn’s-yard, Kirkgate, on
January nth, and the son and daughter of acorn
miller, at Low Mills, Wakefield, on January 16th
and 2 1st, all the deaths took place at the House of
Correction. Diarrhcea prevailed from May to
August, but no other cases of cholera are recorded
until August 23rd, when an iron-moulder's son,
aged 9, died at Salt-pie-alley, Westgate : it then
prevailed chiefly up to the end of October, although
3 deaths took place in November, and one as
late as December 12th. Nelson-street and New-
street suffered much, and one fatal case occurred at
the Union Workhouse, on September 14th, and one
on September 23rd at the House of Correction,
in addition to the 16 which took place in January.

503 ; 5. ; Horbury. Pop. 2683. — Choi 2;

Diarr. 6. — Cholera was fatal to a shoemaker, aged
56, and a spinner, aged 78, at Horbury, on Septem-
ber 2 1st and 22nd.

503; 6. ; Alverthorpe. Pop. 5930.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 9. — The first death from cholera
was that of a spinner, aged 69, at Westgate Common,
on June 28th, duration of attack 3 days : of the
other deaths, one took place on September 18th;
6 in October, and the last on November nth : 6 of
these cases took place at Thornes-lane.

5°3 ; 7. ; Ardsley. Pop. 2392. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 2. — These deaths from cholera were those of
the wife and son of a miner, at West Ardsley, on
October 6th and nth ; the duration of attack being
2 days and 8 days respectively.

503; 8. ; Oulton. Pop. 1789. Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 2. — 3 of these deaths from cholera took place
at Woodesford, on August 14th, September 12th
and 29th, and the last at Oulston, on October 18th.

504; 1. Pontefract; Kippax. Pop. 6734.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 2. — The first 2 deaths from cholera
took place on January 18th, at Little Preston and
Allerton Bywater ; the next case was on March 25th,
at Kippax : of the rest, 3 occurred in August ; 2 in
September, and the last on October 2nd, at Meth-
ley. It was most prevalent at Allerton Bywater,
where 5 fatal cases took place.

504; 2. ; Knottinyley. Pop. 10154.

Choi. 49 ; Diarr. 17. — Diarrhcea prevailed in Janu-
ary ; and a mariner’s widow, aged 45, died of cholera,
after an attack of 48 hours’ duration, at Knottingley,
on January 31st. No other fatal case occurred until
August 6th ; its prevalence then extended, and con-
tinued chiefly to the end of October, although 2
deaths occurred on November 3rd, and 2 as late as
December 1 tth : it was most fatal at Brotherton and
Knottingley. The totals for the Pontefract district,
as given in the tables, included 50 cholera and 18
diarrhoea for this sub-district, instead of 49 cholera
and 17 diarrhoea.

504; 3. ; Whitley. Pop. 2585. — Choi. 4;

in the West Riding of the County of York. 287

Diarr. 3. — Three of these deaths from cholera took
place at Whitley, on February 7th, 8th, and 14th,
and the other at Eggborough, on September 5th.

504; 4. Pontefract; Pontefract. Pop. 9226. —
Choi. 67 ; Diarr. IX. — Cholera prevailed at an early
period of the year ; 3 deaths occurring at Castleford,
on January 24th, February 3rd and 18th, and 2 at
Mere Whitwood, on February 20th and 22nd.
Excepting one case on April 23rd, at Horsefair, no
other death is recorded mntil September 13th; it
was very fatal until the end of October; in Novem-
ber only one case took place; but from December
5th to the 26th, 15 deaths were registered, viz., 12 at
Castleford and 3 at Glass Houghton. Several in-
stances occurred of 2 members of the same family
dying, and the epidemic was most severely felt at
Castleford,

504; 5. ; Ackworth. Pop. 5629. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 3 . — Three ofthe deaths from cholera took place
at Ackworth, on September 9th, 14th, and 20th ;
and the other at North Elmsall, on November 2nd.

505; 1. Ecclesfield ; Roystone. Pop. 3907. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — A waterman, aged 44, died of
cholera, at Royston on September 6th.

505; 2. ; High Hoyland. Pop. 3402.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

5°5 ; 3. ; Cawthorne. Pop. 6096.

Choi. 8; Diarr. 7. — The first death from cholera
was that of a labourer’s wife, aged 57, at Cawthorne,
on August 13th : all the other cases took place from
September 2nd to 11th; and excepting one death at
Gawber, they were all at Cawthorne.

505 ; 4. ; Barnsley. Pop. 16729. — Choi. 39 ;

Diarr. 7. — Cholera was first fatal to a weaver’s
wife, aged 71, at Beckett-square, on July 9th,
duration of attack 4 days : there were no other
cases until September 6th ; it then prevailed until
December 8th, when the last death was recorded at
Kingston-place. The epidemic prevailed most
fatally at May-day Green, Wilson-piece, Union-
street, Barebones, and Dawson-wall, where a weaver
lost 3 daughters on November 6th and 7th: the fa-
milies of weavers suffered very severely.

5°5 1 5- 5 Barfield. Pop. 2493. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 3. — This death from cholera was that of a
coal-miner, aged 39, at Hemingfield, on September
14th.

505; 6. ; Worsbrough. Pop. 6879.

Choi. 30; Diarr. 2. — The first death from cholera
was that of a waterman’s wife, aged 38, on board
a vessel at Worsbrough Bridge, on September 2nd;
the next case occurred on September 3rd, at
Worsbrough Common, and it continued prevalent
until October 14th. Nearly all the deaths took
place at Worsbrough Common and Worsbrough
Bridge, and chiefly in the families of weavers and
miners.

506; 1. Wortley ; Worthy. Fop. 3135.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

506; 2. ; Penistone. Pop. 4930. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — There were the deaths of fi female, aged
X5, at Hoylandswain, on May 3rd; and a farmer,
aged 65, at Gunthwaite, on September 2nd.

506; 3. ; Bradfield. Pop. 6318. — Choi, o;

Diarr. r.

506 ; 4. ; Ecclesfield. Pop. 8832. — Choi. 3 ;

Diarr. 9. — These deaths from cholera took place
at Fox Hill, on June 30th ; at Malin Bridge, on
August 10th, and at Burncrop, on November 9th.

507; i. Ecclesall Bierlow ; Nether Hallam.
Pop. 6259. — Choi. 12; Diarr. 8. — Cholera was first
fatal to a silversmith and his daughter at Phila-
delphia, on August 27th and 31st; the last death

took place on October 6th, at Wentworth-street,
where it was very prevalent.

507; 2. Ecclesall Bierlow; Upper Hallam.
Pop. 2384. — Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

507 ; 3. ; Norton. Pop. 1982. — Choi. I;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a labourer, aged
58, at Woodend, on October 1st.

507; 4. 4 Ecclesall Bierlow. Pop. 21000. —

Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 38. — After a prevalence of diarrhoea,
cholera was first fatal on August 26th to a farmer’s
widow, aged 80, at 59 South-street; duration of
attack 5 days. The epidemic continued prevalent
until October 27th, when the last death occurred
at 13 Carver-street : it was most fatal in the families
of workers in cutlery.

508; 1. Sheffield; West Sheffield. Pop. 16176.
— Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 40. — First 2 deaths from cholera
took place on January 4th at Broad-lane, and on
February 27th at Charlotte-street ; the next case
was on August 28th at Newcastle-street : of the
others, 3 took place in September and 2 in October.
Diarrhoea was chiefly fatal from July to the end of
October.

508; 2. ; North Sheffield. Pop. 23632. —

Choi. 26 ; Diarr. 100. — Cholera was first fatal in the
case of a coachmaker’s daughter, aged 18 months, at
6 Court, Alien-street, on August 1st; 3 other deaths
took place in August : the others were spread at
intervals through September and October, the last
case being at Co|irt, Alien-street, on November
3rd. Diarrhoea prevailed in January, when 5
deaths took place ; it was chiefly fatal, however, in
August, September, and October : the families of
operatives in cutlery suffered severely, and 17
deaths from diarrhoea took place in the Union
Workhouse, in addition to one from cholera.

508; 3. ; South Sheffield. Pop. 14414.

Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 33. — The first death from cholera
took place on June 26th at 57 Sydney- street ; the
next case was on August 30th at Forge-row : of the
others, 4 occurred in September ; 4 in October ; and
the last on November 4th. Diarrhoea prevailed
from May 20th to November 26th ; and the families
of workers in cutlery suffered much.

508; 4. ; Sheffield Park. Pop. 11964.

Choi. 11 ; Diarr. 12. — Cholera was first fatal to a
brace-bit maker’s son at South-street, on May 7th ;
next case on July 22nd at Bellemont : of the others
8 took place in September and one on October 4th
at Befnard-street.

508; 5. 4 Brightside. Pop. 10089.

Choi. 36 ; Diarr. 14. — The first death from cholera
was that of a file-smith’s daughter, aged 6 weeks,
at Pye Bank on August 21st; the next case occurred
at Chapel-street on September 10th : it then pre-
vailed until October 16th, when the last case was
recorded at II Harvest-lane. Many deaths took
place in Nursery-street, Neepsend, and Harvest-
lane, and several instances occurred of two members
of the same family dying : it was most prevalent in
the families of workers in metal.

508; 6. ■ ; Attercliffe. Pop. 4156. — Choi. 22 ;

Diarr. 8. — Cholera was first fatal to a coal-miner’s
wife, aged 36, at Attercliffe, on September 8th ; it
then prevailed with much severity until October
2nd : the whole of the deaths took place at Atter-
cliffe, and chiefly in the families of labourers,
miners, and workers in metal.

508; 7. 4 Handsworth. Pop. 2862.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

509 ; 1. Rotheraji ; Beiyhion. Pop. 2849.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a cord-
wainer, aged 56, at Trecton, on September loth.

288

Notes on Cholera

509 ; 2. Rotherham ; Rotherham. Pop. 8301. —
Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 12. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer,
aged 42, at Wickersley, on June 7th ; and a labourer’s
wife, aged 40, at Ickles, on October 12th. Diarrhoea
prevailed chiefly at Westgate, Wellgate, and
Crofts ; and 2 deaths took place in the W orkhouse.

509 ; 3. ; Kimberwortli. Pop. 8757.

Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 11. — Diarrhoea was chiefly pre-
valent in August and September. Cholera was
first fatal on September 15th, to a fork-maker, aged
35, at College-road; of the other cases, 5 took
place in October, and 2 on November 1st. 6 of the
deaths from cholera occurred at Pool-green, Mas-
b rough.

509; 4. ; Wath. Pop. 6314. — Choi. 19;

Diarr. 6. — A labourer’s wife, aged 19, died of
cholera on February 28th, at Swinton: the next
two deaths took place on August 28th and 30th;
in September 8 cases occurred ; in October 7 ; and
the last death was recorded on November 3rd at
Swinton ; it was most prevalent at West Melton
and Swinton.

509; 5. ; Maltby. Pop. 2564. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

510; 1. Doncaster; Tickhill. Pop. 6136.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 6. — This death from cholera was
that of a labourer, aged 56, at Conisbrough, on
November 30th. Diarrhoea prevailed most at
Tickhill.

510; 2. ; Barmbrough. Pop. 5041. — Choi. 8 ;

Diarr. 4. — The first death from cholera was that of
a labourer’s wife, aged 28, at Barmbrough, on
October 6th ; the other cases took place from
October 31st to November 27th, the whole of them
being at Mexbrough.

510; 3. ; j Doncaster. Pop. 10455. — Choi. 58;

Diarr. 22. — Diarrhoea prevailed in January; and a
labourer, aged 44, died of cholera on January 3rd at
Mail-Coach-yard, Frenchgate. No other death from
cholera took place until August 22nd : it then con-
tinued prevalent until November 22nd; and was
most fatal at Fisher-gate, Marsh-gate, and St.
Sepulchre-gate; 11 deaths occurred in the Union
Workhouse, in addition to 2 from diarrhoea.

510; 4. ; Campsall. Pop. 4910. — Chol.ro;

Diarr. o. — The first of these deaths was that of a
carrier's wife, aged 67, at Askern, on September
6th ; duration of attack 2 days : of the others 4 took
place in October, 3 in November, and 2 on
December 1st and 2nd : Arksey and Bentley suffered
most.

510; 5. ; Bawtry. Pop. 5860. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a tramp, aged 35,
at Bawtry, on October 13th ; duration of attack 41
hours.

5 1 1 ; r. Thorne; Epworth. Pop. 3885. — Choi. 6;
Diarr. 5. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Epworth, from September 5th to 13th. Diarrhoea
prevailed most in May.

5 1 1 ; 2. ; Thorne. Pop. 7703. — Choi. 60;

Diarr 7. — Cholera was first fatal to a waterman,
aged 38, at Canal-lane, on July 29th; the next case
was on August 19th: it then prevailed until October
25th; it was most fatal at Field-side, Back-street, and
Fishlake.

5 11; 3. ; Crowle. Pop. 3728. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. o. — These deaths took place at Derrythorpe,
Amcotls, on September 14th and 22nd ; at Crowle
on October 2nd, and at Althorpe on November
19th.

512; 1. Goole; Swinejlect. Pop. 3783.

Choi. 28 ; Diarr. 7 — Cholera was fatal to a labourer
and a labourer’s wife, at Reedness, on April 9th and

12th. No other death took place until August 18th :
it then prevailed throughout the rest of August and
September ; 2 cases took place in October, and 2
on November, 17th and 21st: it was most fatal at
Garthorpe and Swinefleet.

512; 2. Goole; Goole. Pop. 4664. — Choi. 40 ;
Diarr. 16. — Cholera was fatal at an early period of
the year; 4 deaths took place in the latter part of
January, and 4 towards the end of March. Excepting
one case in the Union Workhouse, Hook, on April
17th, no other deaths occurred until August 6th ;
it then continued prevalent throughout August and
September: the last 2 deaths took place at Armin
on October 7th, and on board a vessel in the Barge-
dock on October 28th : it was most fatal in James-
street, South-street, and Doyle-street. Diarrhoea
prevailed most in September and October.

512; 3. ; Snaith. Pop. 4082. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 3. — The first death from cholera was that of
an Irish vagrant, aged 35, at Snaith, on January
31st: the other cases took place at Rawcliffe on
September 6th, 12th, and October 9th; and
at Snaith on October 7 th and 12 th.

513; 1. Selby; Snaith. Pop. 2427. — Choi. 3;
Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera took place at
Temple Hirst on January 16th and October 29th;
and at Little Armin on January 28th.

513; 2. ; Selby. Pop. 9722. — Choi. 108;

Diarr. 15. Cholera, which was very fatal in this
sub-district in the latter part of 1848, continued to
prevail until February 5th : a pause then took place
until July 13th; from this time until November
12th it was very severe, principally, however, in
August and September ; it prevailed in a great
number of streets in Selby, but with especial
virulence at Millgate, Wide-street, Ousegate — and
Fiukle-street suffered, though to a less extent. In
the Union Workhouse no less than 19 deaths took
place, in addition to 2 from diarrhoea.

513; 3. ; Riccall. Pop. 2953. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a waterman’s
daughter, aged 4, at Barlby on September nth.

514; 1. Tadcaster; Appleton Roebuck.

Pop. 1228. — Choi. 6 ; Diarr. 1. — These deaths from
cholera took place at Acaster, on July 22nd ; and
at Appleton Roebuck from August 15th to 23rd.

514; 2. ; Aberford. Pop. 6157. — Choi. II;

Diarr. 1. — Excepting one case at Crossgate Berwick,
in Elmet, on October 30th, all the deaths from
cholera took place at Lotherton-cum-Aberford, from
October 18th to November 4th, and chiefly in the
families of labourers.

514; 3. ; Bramham. Pop. 5482. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a labourer, aged
50, at Thorner, on October 1st.

514; 4. • ; Tadcaster. Pop. 503 1. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

514; 5. ; Bilton. Pop. 1667. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

36. EAST RIDING (with YORK).

515; 1. York; Skelton. Pop. 1864 — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

515; 2. ; Boolham. Pop. 12584. — Chol.88;

Diarr. 12. — On January 3rd, 2 deaths from cholera
took place at the Union workhouse, Clifton: no
other cases occurred until July 9th and loth, when
it was fatal to a shoemaker and his daughter at
Friargate, St. Mary Castlegate. From this time until
the middle of September it prevailed very fatally :
it was severely felt in the parish of St. Mary Castle-
gate ; Friargate, Middle Water Lane, and Kings
Staith suffering much : in the^ Union Workhouse,

289

in the East Riding of the County of York.

situated in the township of Clifton, no less than 27
deaths took place. The last 2 deaths occurred on
October 6th and 14th. In only a few cases was the
duration of the attack recorded.

515; 3. York; Micklegate. Pop. 11449.

Choi. 18 ; Diarr. 13. — After several deaths from
diarrhoea in the spring, cholera made its appearance
fatally on July 16th, in the case of a cutler, aged 33,
at Clementhorpe, who died in 10 hours from the
commencement of the attack. The next 3 deaths
took place on July 28th: it prevailed until Sep-
tember 19th, when the last case was recorded ;
Swan-street, Clementhorpe, and Beedhams-court,
suffered most.

5 15 ; 4. ; Walmgate. Pop. 14373.

Choi. 61; Diarr. 31. — Cholera was fatal in 2 instances
in this sub-district in January. A male infant, aged
7 months, died at 25 Bilton-street on January 17th,
duration of attack 6 days ; the second case being
that of a servant housekeeper, aged 38, at Vicars-row,
on January 23rd, duration of attack 24 hours. No
other deaths took place until July 13th, after which
it spread, and many deaths took place in Church-
lane, Union-buildings, Duke of York-street, and
Wenlock-street ; the last 3 deaths were those of an
innkeeper’s widow, aged 63, a gentlewoman aged 53,
and a farmer’s daughter, aged 38, at 10 Lord Mayor’s
Walk, on October 3rd, 7th, and nth.

515; 5. ; Escrick. Pop. 2807. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. o.— Three of the deaths occurred at Naburn
on July 28th and 30th, and August 1st; and the last
at Weldrake on August 5 th.

515; 6. ■; Dunnington. Pop. 2821.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — The deaths from cholera were
those of labourers’ wives, at Dunnington on July
24th, and at Elvington on August 12th.

515; 7. ; Flaxton. Pop. 1880.— Choi. I;

Diarr. 1. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer’s wife,
aged 76, at Flaxton on January 13th, duration of
attack 14 days.

516; 1. Poc Islington ; East Stamford Bridge.
Pop. 4374. — Choi. 1; Diarr. 1. — This death from
cholera was that of a tailor, aged 48, atLowCatton,
on August 3rd, duration of attack 5 days.

516; 2. Pocklington. Pop. 6r2i.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 4. — The deaths from cholera took
place at Pocklington ; the first being that of a tramp,
aged 50, on September 2nd ; the second a labourer,
aged 43, on September 15 th ; and the last two a tailor
and his son, aged 31 and 5 years respectively, on
September 18th and 19th.

516 ; 3. ; Market Weighton. Pop. 4933. —

Choi. 32 ; Diarr. 4. — Cholera was first fatal on July
24th to a stonemason aged 40, in 4 days from the
commencement of the attack ; the next two deaths
were on August 5th and 8th, but it was not until
September 4th that it set in with virulence. The
whole of the deaths took place at Market Weighton
up to September 24th, when the epidemic ceased,
except one case on November 30th at Bielby, when
a labourer’s son, aged one year, died after an attack
of 7 days’ duration ; the deaths in the workhouse
were on two days, the nth and 12th of September,
5 fatal cases occurring on each day.

517; 1. Howden ■, Holme. Pop. 1509. — Chol.o;
Diarr. 2.

517; 2. ; Bubwith. Pop. 2016. — Choi, o;

Diarr. I.

517; 3. ; Howden. Pop. 6403. — Choi. 50;

Diarr. 5. — Cholera was very fatal in the Howden
Union Workhouse from January 5th to February
nth inclusive, 10 deaths took place in addition to 2
from diarrhoea. No other cases occurred until July

15th, when a labourer’s son, aged 2, died at Skelton
township, where also the 3 next cases took place on
August 2nd, 9th, and nth : the epidemic was most
severely felt at Hemingbrough, Howden, and Skel-
ton ; several families lost two members. The last
death occurred on October 19th at Sandhill.

517; 4. Howden; Newport. Pop. 4335.

Choi. 8 ; Diarr. o. — The deaths from cholera took place
between August 17th and October 1st, the whole of
them being those of males.

5 r8 ; 1. Beverley; Cave. Pop. 3956. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. o. — The deaths took place at South Cave on
January 3rd, April 20th, and November 6th.

518; 2. ; Beverley. Pop. 10792. — Choi. 16 ;

Diarr. 3. — The first two deaths from cholera occurred
akBeckside on August 3rd and 7th; it afterwards
prevailed severely at the Union Workhouse, where
11 deaths took place from August 13th to 23rd. The
last two fatal cases were at Grove Hill-lane on October
2nd and November 7th.

518; 3. ; Lockington, Pop. 2776. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

518; 4. ; Leven. Pop. 1430. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a farmer's widow,
aged 85, at Leven on July 2nd ; duration of attack 7
days.

519; 1. Sculcoates ; Sutton. Pop. 6384.

Choi. 157 ; Diarr. 34.

519; 2. ; Cottingham. Pop. 2832.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 4.

519; 3. ; Ferriby. Pop. 1970. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 1.

519; 4. ; Hessle. Pop. 2235. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 1.

519; 5. ; Hedon. Pop. 2085. — Choi. 53;

Diarr. o.

519; 6. ; Drypool. Pop. 4029. — Choi. 60;

Diarr. 18.

519; 7. ; East Sculcoates. Pop. 9437.

Choi. 207 ; Diarr. 46.

519; 8. ; West Sculcoates. Pop. 7245.

Choi. 162 ; Diarr. 40.

The observations on the district of Sculcoates will
be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

520; 1. Hull; Humber. Pop. 11984.

Choi. 253 ; Diarr. 37.

520; 2. ; St. Mary. Pop. 6918.

Choi. 206 ; Diarr. 16.

520; 3. ; Myton. Pop. 22248.- -Choi. 719;

Diarr. 141.

The observations on the district of Hull will be
found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

5 2 x ; 1. Patrington ; Patrington. Pop. 8680. —
Choi. 4; Diarr. o. These deaths were those of two
labourers ; of a sailor and of a farmer, on August
29th and 31st, and September 23rd and 26th.

522; I. SkirlauGh; Hurr.bleton. Pop. 1346. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

522 ; 2. ; Shirlaugh. Pop. 2196. Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 7. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer aged 52,
at Swine on September 9th, duration of attack 24
hours ; and a labourer, aged 25, at Fareholme, Ben-
ningholme, on September 15th, after an attack of 15
hours’ duration. 3 deaths from diarrhoea took place
at the Workhouse.

522; 3. ; Aldbrougli. Pop. 1707. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera were those of a
farmer, aged 62, at Aldbrough, on September 9th,
duration of attack 3 days ; and a blacksmith’s -wife,
aged 71, at Withernwick, on September 12th, attack
lasting 15 hours.

522; 4. ; Hornsea. Pop. 2306.— Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

tJ

290

Notes on Cholera

522; 5. Skirlaugh; Brandesburton. Pop. 1462.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

523; r. Driffield; Foston. Pop. 3122.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

523; 2. •; Driffield. Pop. 6186. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

523; 3. ; Bainton. Pop. 3722. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — The deaths occurred at Bainton on Sep-
tember 6th and 9th, and were those of a labourer,
aged 29, and a labourer's wife, aged 49.

523; 4. ; Langtoft. Pop. 3798 — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

524; 1. Bridlington; Skipsea. Pop. 1849.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

524; 2. ; Bridlington. Pop. 7696. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera took place
between August 17th and September 28th, inclusive ;
3 cases occurring at the Union Workhouse.

524; 3. ; Hunmanby. Pop. 3516.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3 — Cholera was fatal to a labourer,
aged 79, on May 31st ; and to a grocer's widow, aged
50, on December 3rd, at Hunmanby.

37. NORTH RIDING.

525; 1. Scarborough; Filey. Pop. 3159- —
Choi, i; Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera oc-
curred on August 6th at Muston, it was in a labourer,
aged 53, after an attack of 3 days’ duration. The
diarrhoea case happened to a fisherman’s widow,
aged 8 r.

525; 2. ; Scarborough. Pop. 12188.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. 5 — The first case occurred June
25th, at Staith, a master mariner, aged 63, after an
attack of 12 hours’ duration ; the next case, July 24th,
in the harbour, also a master mariner, aged 25, who
died after an attack of only 8 hours’ duration. The
last case occurred September 7th, at Quay-street, a
fisherman, aged 52. Of the diarrhoea cases, two
occurred in the Union workhouse.

525; 3. ; Hutton Bushell. Pop. 4535.

Choi, o; Diarr. 2. — These deaths were both of chil-
dren under 2 years of age.

525; 4. ; Sherburn. Pop. 1415. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

526; 1. Malton; Rillington. Pop. 3930,

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. I. — The cholera case took place
September nth, at Scampston, a carpenter’s wife,
aged 31. The case of diarrhoea happened also to a
carpenter’s wife, at Winteringham.

526; 2. ; Westow. Pop. 2933. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 5. — Of these deaths 3 were of children under
1 year.

526; 3. ; Malton. Pop. 8745. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 11. — The first death from cholera occurred
August 2nd, Low-street, a labourer, aged 61, after
an attack of 26 hours' duration. The next case took
place at old Malton gate, Aug. 17th, in a labourer's
wife, aged 46. The other 3 cases occurred in the
Cholera Hospital, as follows, on August i8tb and
19th, and September 3rd. Of the diarrhoea cases, 9
were in children under the age of one year.

526; 4. ; Hovingham. Pop. 2149.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

526; 5. ; Bulmer. Pop. 3917. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1. — This case occurred at Sherriff Hutton,
October 8th, a child, aged one month.

327; 1. Easingwold; Stillington. Pop. 2794. —
Choi. 0; Diarr. 2. These deaths occurred at Sutton
Forest and Stillington. A labourer’s daughter, aged
3 weeks, and a female servant, aged 55.

527; 2. ; Easingwold. Pop. 6835.— Choi. I.

Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera occurred June nth
at Easingwold, in a joiner s daughter, aged 3, after an

attack of 18 hours’ duration. The case of diarrhcea
happened to a child aged 13 weeks.

527; 3. Easingwold; Coxwold. Pop. 1650. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o,

528; 1. Thirsk; Topcliffe. Pop. 19 11. — Choi,
o ; Diarr. 1. — This case took place at Dalton,
January 8th, a child, aged n months.

528; 2. ; Pickhill. Pop. 1819. —Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

528; 3. ; Thirsk. Pop. 5584. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 3. — The first case occurred August 3rd, at
Morley ; a labourer's widow, aged 72. The next
case in the Union Workhouse, September 19th, a
labouring woman, aged 58, after an attack of 10
hours’ duration. The last case was at Millgate,
December 20th, a coal agent, aged 27. Of the
diarrhoea cases, 2 occurred in the Union Workhouse.
The other 3 cases of cholera occurred at Sowerby.

528; 4. ; Sutton. Pop. 1565.— Choi 2;

Diarr. 1. — These cases of cholera occurred July 8th
and 9th, at Gormers Sutton, the children of a
farmer, aged 6 and 3.

528; 5. ; Knayton. Pop. 1844. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

529; 1. Helmsley; Helmsley. Pop. 4827. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

529; 2. ; Oswaldkirk. Pop. 2093.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

529; 3. ; Kirkby Moorside. Pop. 5932.' —

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3. — These were the deaths of child-
ren under the age of one year.

530; 1. Pickering; Lastingham. Pop. 1388. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

530; 2. ; Pickering. Pop. 4145. Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera occurred September
5th, at Hay Stone Slack, a farmer’s daughter,
aged 12.

530; 3. ; Siimmgton. Pop. 1081.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

530; 4. ; Allerston. — Pop. 2365. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

530; 5. ; Lockton.' Pop. 510. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1. — This case occurred at Lockton, December
2nd, a house steward’s widow, aged 98.

531; 1 Whitby; Egton. Pop. 3735.— Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. o. — These cases occurred at Glaisdale,
January 19th and 23rd, a labourer and a labourer’s
wife.

531; 2. ; Whitby. Pop. 12326. — Choi. 8;

Diarr. 7. — The first case of cholera occurred at
Ruswarp, May 10th, a stonemason, aged 59
( inquest). The next fatal case was in Church-
street, August 2 rst, a mariner, aged 25. Three other
fatal cases occurred in Church-street, the last of
which was on October 16th, a mariner’s son, aged 8,
after an attack of 17 hours’ duration. Of the
diarrhcea cases, 4 are under the age of 2 years, the
other 3 being above the age of 70.

53 r; 3. ; Lythe. Pop. 4050. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

532; r. Goisborough; Lo/t house. Pop. 2 347.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

532; 2. ; Marske. Pop. 2562. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — The first case occurred August 27th, at
Saltbury, in the parish of Brotton, a coast-guard’s
son, aged 2. The other case was at lledcar,
September 25th, a widow.

532; 3. ; Kirh-Leatham. Pop. 1877.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1. — A child, aged 10 months.

532; 4. ; Guisborough. Pop. 2132.

Choi. r. Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera occurred in
the Workhouse, September 28th, a labourer, aged
50. The diarrhcea case was a child, aged 8 mouths.

291

in the Counties of

532; 5. Guisborough; Danby. Pop. 1617. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

533; x. Stokesley ; Slokesley. Pop. 6489.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This case occurred at Newby,
August 1 8th, a farmer, aged 67, after an attack of
12 hours' duration.

533; 2. ; Hutton. Pop. 2499.— Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

534; x. Northallerton; Appleton-upon-Wiske.
Pop. 2970. — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

534; 2. ; Northallerton. Pop. 960;.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 1. — The first case occurred at the
House of Correction, January 21st, a labourer, aged
62 (inquest'). The other 2 cases at Northallerton,
February 1st, a labouring woman, aged 18, and Oc-
tober 31st, a tailor’s wife, aged 30, after an attack
of r2 hours’ duration.

535; r. Bedale; Bedale. Pop. 5551. — Choi. 2 ;
Diarr. 1. — These cases occurred at Leeming. The
first took place August 31st, a labourer, aged 38,
after an attack of 9 hours’ duration ; the other case
of cholera occurred on September 10th, a rag-
gatherer’s wife, aged 40, attacked 24 hours. The
case of diarrhoea was that of a labourer’s widow,
aged 79.

535; 2. - — Masham. Pop. 3062. ^Chol. o;
Diarr. 1. — The case occurred at Masham, July 22nd,
a tailor, aged 56.

536; 1. Leyburn ; Middleham. Pop. 4307.——
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

York and Durham

536 ; 2. Leyburn ; Leyburn. Pop. 5641. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 1. — This case occurred at Leyburn, January
26th, a draper and tailor, aged 69.

537; 1. Askrigg ; Askriyg. Pop. 3374. — Choi, o;
Diarr. I. — This case occurred September 28th, at
W orton, a blanket manufacturer, aged 65.

537; 2.—; Hawes. Pop. 235X. — Choi. I;
Diarr. 1. — The case of cholera occurred September
1 8th, at Hawes, a labourer, aged 72. The case of
diarrhrea happened to an infant, aged xo days.

538; 1. Reeth; Muker. Pop. 2874.— Choi. 0;
Diarr. 1. — This death occurred December 26th, at
Muker, in a miner’s son, aged 21 months.

538; 2. ; Reeth. Pop. 3884. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

539; 1. Richmond; Richmond. Pop. 6968.

Choi. I ; Diarr. 2. — The case of cholera occurred at
Bargate, September 7th, a rag-gatherer, aged 24,
after an attack of 24 hours’ duration. Both of the
diarrhoea cases occurred in September. One in a
tailor, aged 54; the other in a child, aged 6 months.

539; 2. ; Catterick. Pop. 3020. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. o. — These cases occurred at Catterick,
September 10th and 13th, in a weaver's widow, aged
40, and a labourer, aged 56, after an attack of 32
hours.

539 > 3- ; Newsham. Pop. 1655. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

539; 4. ; Aldborough. Pop. 1820 -Choi.

o ; Diarr. o.

X. NORTHERN DIVISION.

38. DURHAM.

540; 1. Darlington; Darlington. Pop. 16629.
— Choi. 3 ; Diarr. 46. — The deaths from cholera were
those of a store-keeper, aged 58, August 24th, at 84
Northgate; a weaver, aged 27, October 4th, at the
Workhouse ; and a publican, aged 5 1, October 27th,
at Tubwell-row. Excepting one case on March 25th,
and another on June 24th, all the deaths from diar-
rhoea occurred in August, September, and October;
Blackwellgate, Skinnergate, Northgate, and Bond-
gate, suffered most.

540; 2. ; Aycliffe. Pop. 4858. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. r. — This was the death of a platelayer, aged 53,
on July 23rd, at Aycliffe.

541; 1. Stockton; Yarm. Pop. 10198.

Choi. 87; Diarr. 17. — First fatal case of cholera on
July 27th, when a sailor, aged 35, died in King-street :
it prevailed extensively in the parishes of Yarm and
Middlesborough ; in Garbutt-street, Dacre-street,
North-street, and Market-place Middlesborough,
many deaths took place; the last person to whom
cholera was fatal was a fisherman’s widow at Yarm,
on November 16th.

541 ; 2. ; Stockton. Pop. 13184. — Choi. 21 ;

Diarr. 19. — The first death from cholera was that of
a sailor, aged 63, at Blackbull-yard, on July 15th;
last fatal attack on November 12th, when a labourer’s
wife, aged 61, died at Victoria-yard.

541; 3. ; Hartlepool. Pop. 10563.

Choi. 138; Diarr. 23. — On July 7th, at Silver-street,
a labourer’s wife died of cholera after an attack of 12
hours’ duration, this being the first death recorded;
this was followed by the deaths of two mariners in
George-street, on July 24th. The disease prevailed to
a great extent in Tweddle-street, Wells-street, and
N orth W ells-street, Chapman-street, Cleveland-street,

and Croft-street ; the labouring and seafaring popu-
lation appear to have suffered most : the last death oc-
curred on October 25th, at Darlington-place, a joiner
aged 39 years.

541 ; 4. Stockton; Sedgefield. Pop. 5970.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal to a labourer,
aged 21, at Ferry-hill, on August 23rd; and a pitman,
aged 26, at Red-row, Cornforth, on October 28th.

542; 1. Auckland; Bishop Auckland.

Pop. 14520. — Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 15. — First death from
cholera was a cartman’s wife, aged 38, at Leasing-
thorne, on March 24th : no other death till August
31st ; and the three other cases occurred on Decem-
ber 20th, 23rd, and 27th; the latter being a pitman’s
daughter, aged 8, at Blue-row. Nine deaths from
diarrhoea happened in the families of pitmen.

542 ; 2. ; Hamsterley. Pop. 7468. •

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — Cholera was fatal on September
10th to a platelayer, aged 27, at Crook ; on Septem-
ber 14th, ’to a labourer aged 21, at Woodifield. Crook,
and Billy-row ; and on December 26th, to a pitman
aged 17, at West Auckland.

543 ; 1. Teesdale ; Staindrop. Pop. 4954.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

543 ; 2. ; Barnard Castle. Pop. 8591.

Choi. 138 ; Diarr. 6. — Cholera was very fatal in
Barnard Castle, commencing on August 17th, when
a carpet weaver, aged 23, died: its prevalence then
increased, and throughout September it was very
virulent. The greatest number of deaths occurred on
September 20th, 21st, and 22nd, when no less than
23 fatal cases are recorded- it declined towards the
end of the month, and prevailed with diminished
force in the early part of October, and the last two
deaths took place on October 18th and November
6th. Females suffered to a greater extent than
males ; and in the families of carpet weavers the

u 2

292

Notes on Cholera

epidemic made great ravages, and many instances
occurred of two or more members of the same family
being carried off. In many cases, the duration of
the attack was very short.

543 > 3- Teesdale ; Middleton. Pop. 6028.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

544; 1. Weardale; St. John. Pop. 4382.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 5.

544 ; 2. ; Stanhope. Pop. 3706. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. 1. — The deaths from cholera are those of a
quarryman, on July 2nd, aged 45 ; a labourer, on July
4th, aged 40 ; and a miner’s widow, on September
26th, aged 58, all at Stanhope.

544; 3. ; Wolsinyham. Pop. 2086.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A miller, on May 8th, aged 67,
at Bradley Burn.

545 ; 1. Durham ; Tanjield. Pop. 4489.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

545; 2. ; Lanchester. Pop. 6434. — Choi. I;

Diarr. 16. — Cholera was fatal to a shoemaker, on
September 8th, aged 37, at Cutler’s Hall, Benfield-
side. 4 deaths from diarrhoea took place at Lead-
gate, Iveston, and 4 at High Conside.

545; 3. ; St. Oswald. Pop. 9473.

Choi. 68 3 Diarr. 11. — A fatal case of cholera took
place on January 19th, at New Elvet, where a
labourer’s wife, aged 36, died. No other death took
place, until a pitman, aged 44, died after an attack
of 20 hours’ duration, at New-row, Elvet, on May
29th. It then spread with rapid and fatal effect,
particularly at Framwell Gate and New Elvet ; 8
deaths occurred in the Union Workhouse, in addition
to 5 from diarrhoea. The last death from cholera
took place on October 4th, when a hawker’s daughter,
aged 10 years, died at New Elvet, after an attack of
II hours.

545; 4. ; St. Nicholas. Pop. 18457.

Choi. 123 ; Diarr. 13. — First death from cholera
took place at Ludworth, Shadforth, a viewer’s
widow, aged 70. It was almost exclusively confined
to this locality, and in the families of pitmen, until
June 4th, a pitman then died at West Hetton, Cox-
hoe. It was very fatal in June at Cassop Moor,
Quarrington Hill, and Coxhoe Hill; 2 sons and a
daughter of a pitman died at 15 Quarrington Hill,
on June 19th, 20th, and 24th: it prevailed greatly
at Pittington in August ; Blackgate, Coxhoe, in
October; Long-row, Coxhoe, in November; and
Oxclose, Coxhoe, in December : several families lost
two members. The last death was that of a
labourer's wife, aged 56, at Oxclose, on December
31st.

546; 1. Easington ; Easington. Pop. 15740. —
Choi. 72; Diarr. 9. — First death from cholera on
March 30th, at Wingate, — a pitman’s wife, aged 46.
Two deaths occurred at the same place in April, but
it was not until August that it set in with virulence :
it prevailed greatly in August and September, in the
families of mariners at Seaham Harbour, and
throughout the epidemic at South Hetton amongst
the mining population. Several fatal cases took
place at Haswell in September and October; and 17
deaths occurred in October at Murton colliery. Last
2 deaths on October 30th, a sailor’s widow, aged
70, and a pitman, aged 36, at Murton colliery.

547 ; 1. IIoughtonle-Spring ; Houghton-le-
Spring. Pop. 8466. — Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 8. — First
fatal case of cholera occurred on August 28th, at
Stott's Pastures, N'ewbottle, an ironfounder’s wife,
aged 39 ; last death a pitman's widow, aged 60, at
Philadelphia Township, Newbottle, on September !
1 8th.

547 ; 2. ; He'tvn-le-Hole. Pop. 7C04. j

Choi. 10; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal to a sawyer,
aged 50, on February 13th, at West Rainton, at
which place several deaths took place, as also at
Brick Garth. Last death, a pitman, aged 52, at
Brick Garth, on February 28th.

548; 1. Ch ESTER- LE Street ; Chest er-le- Street.
Pop. 10057. — Choi. 67; Diarr. 7. — No fatal case of
cholera was recorded until August 6th, when a
labourer, aged 37, died at Edmondsley colliery,
Waldridge: it prevailed extensively in September
at Bourn Moor ; in September and October at
Chester-le-Street : many families lost 2 members.
Last death, a tanner’s wife, aged 47, at Chester-le-
Street, October 24th.

548; 2. ; Harraton. Pop. 8300. — Choi. 67 ;

Diarr. 3. — A pitman, aged 14, died of cholera at
Waggon-row, Usworth, on January 28th. 10 deaths

occurred in February at Waggon-row, at Fatfield
and Chartershaugh, Harraton. After this, no fatal
cases are recorded until August 13th, at Eighton-
banks, Lamesley, at which place it was very virulent
throughout September, amongst the mining popula-
tion; a pitman and his 2 sons died at Peal’s Houses,
on October 9th and 10th, where also a blacksmith and
his wife died. Last death at Birtley, on October
17th, a pitman's widow, aged 72.

549; 1. Sunderland ; North Bishop-Wearmouth.
Pop. 14774. — Choi. 53 ; Diarr. 17. — First death from
cholera took place on March 11th, a shipwright’s
daughter, aged 3 months, at 15 Dunning-street.
Several deaths occurred at Pallion and at Deptford ;
4 deaths at the Workhouse and 2 at the Infirmary.
Last fatal case, on October 29th, at Farrington-row,
a weaver, aged 82.

549; 2. ; South Bishop-Wearmouth.

Pop. 11424. — Choi. 18; Diarr. 16. — Cholera was
first fatal at Sunnyside, on March 18th, a deceased
blacksmith’s daughter, aged 31. With the exception
of one on March 19th, and one on April 10th, no
other death is recorded till August 7th, at 41 Wear-
street, where a master mariner’s wife, aged 35, died
after an attack of 13 hours’ duration. Several deaths
took place at Middle-street, Little Gate: the son
and daughter of a tanner died at 3 Church-lane.
Last 2 deaths at 57 Brougham-street, a female,
aged 77, and a male, aged 8, on September 27th and
28th.

549 1 3 j East Sunderland. Pop. 9497. —

Choi. 141 ; Diarr. 14. — First death from cholera took
place on March 10th, at 13 Moorgate-street, a
blacksmith, aged 18; it was particularly fatal from
the 10th to the 31st of March, prevailing principally
at Minorca, Robiuson's-lane, Silver-street, and
Fitters’- row. With the exception of one case, on
April 13th, no other fatal attack is recorded until
August 1st: from this time its ravages extended
through August, September, and October, and, in
addition to the places before mentioned, its severity
was much felt in Moorgate-street, Ropery-lane,
Vine-street, and East-street : several families lost
more than one member. The last death was on
October 28th, a painter’s wife, aged 27, at Northum-
berland-place.

549; 4. ; Best Sunderland. Pop. 8038. —

Choi. 96 ; Diarr. 13. — On January 2nd, cholera
was fatal to a mariner's wife, aged 49, at 30 Covent
Garden-street: no other death until March 10th,
when it set in with severity, particularly in Low-
street; Market open, Church-street, where a butcher,
his wife, and infant son died ; Lombard-street ;
Golden-alley; Arras-lane; High-street; Queen-
street, where 2 sous and a daughter of a butcher
I died ; Bank-street ; Baines-lane ; Union-lane ; and

in the Comities of Durham and Northumberland.

Church-street, where 3 female children of a pilot
died. Last- death, on November 7th, a mason’s
wife, aged 28, at Arras-lane.

549; 5. Sunderland; Monkwearmouth.

Pop. 12493. — Choi. 35 ; Diarr. 12. — Cholera was very
fatal in this sub-district in the latterpart of 1848. One
death is recorded on January 1st, 1849, at a colliery —
a miner, aged 33 ; also 3 deaths in April, but it was
not until July that it again prevailed extensively.
It was most felt in Fighting Cock-yard, Hedworth-
street, William-street, and Wear-street. Last death,
on November 1st, a cordwainer, aged 55, at Hed-
worth-place.

550; 1. South Shields; Westoe. Pop. 16231. —
Choi. 124; Diarr. 51. — First death from cholera was
that of a master mariner’s son, aged 18, at John-
ston’s Hill, on January 2ist. Two deaths occurred
in February; 3 in March at Union-alley; one in
June. After July 10th its prevalence extended, and
it became very fatal in Carpenter street, Archers
Hill, Corstorphine Town, and Temple Town; a
pipe-maker’s 3 children died at 33 Brunswick-street,
on October nth and 12th: ri deaths took place at
the Union Workhouse. Last fatal case on November
14th, at 22 Green-street, where a stone-mason’s
wife, aged 30, died.

550; 2. — — ; South Shields. Pop. 12682.

Choi. 77; Diarr. 15. — Cholera was first fatal on
February 13th, to a pitman's wife, aged 25, at
Weaver’s-row, Yarrow ; it prevailed greatly in
Wapping-street, Shad well-street, and chiefly in the
families of the seafaring population; several instances
occurred of two persons dying in the same house.
Last death, on November 2nd, a labourer’s son, aged
13, at Church Jarrow.

551; 1. Gateshead; Heworth. Pop. 7008. —
Choi. 23 ; Diarr. 6. — First death took place on
February 10th, at Felling Shore, — a waterman’s
wife, aged 36 ; excepting one on February 14th, no
other fatal case is recorded until August 31st, a
waterman’s wife at Felling Shore, at which place,
and at Heworth Shore and Lane, most of the deaths
occurred. Last death, on October 16th, a labourer,
aged 21, at Felling Shore.

551; 2. ; Gateshead. Pop. 19505.

Choi. 164; Diarr. 26. — On January 8th, a shoe-
maker, aged 57, died of cholera, at Pipewell-gate, at
which place it raged with great inlensity throughout
the months of January and February. In March,
one death, and in May 3 deaths took place. On
August 1 2th it again began to increase, prevailing
most at Wreckenton ; 1 1 deaths occurred in the
Union Workhouse, and 20 in the Wreckenton Luna-
tic Asylum. Last fatal case, on October 8th, a
waterman, aged 72, at the Workhouse.

551; 3. ; Whickham. Pop. 4319.

Choi. 45 ; Diarr. 1. — On January 13th a waterman’s
son, aged 2, died of cholera at Dunston : it was also
very fatal at Swalwell in February and August, and
Dunston in September and October. Last death, on
October 31st, an engine-man’s son, aged 3, at
Dunston.

551 ; 4. ; Winlaton. Pop. 7915. — Choi. 25 ;

Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera took place on
February 4th at Winlaton Hill ; it prevailed most in
September at Cottage-row, Blaydon, and Blaydon
Slaith. Last death, on October 6th, a forge-man’s
daughter at Cottage-row.

39. NORTHUMBERLAND.

552; 1. Newcastle-upon-Tyne; H'estgate.

Pop. 13785. — Choi. 32; Diarr. 19.

293

552; 2. Newcaste-upon-Tyne ; St. Andrew. —
Pop. 13320. — Choi. 8 ; Diarr. 26.

552; 3. — — ; St Nicholas. Pop. 15066.

Choi. 30; Diarr. 25.

552 ; 4. ; All Saints. Pop. 21474.

Choi. 118 ; Diarr. 35.

552; 5. ; Byher. Pop. 8199. — Choi. 107;

Diarr. 12. — -The observations on the district of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne will be found in the remarks,
in foregoing pages.

553; 1. Tynemouth; Wallsend. Pop. 4758.

Choi. 36 ; Diarr. 1.

553; 2. ; North Shields. Pop. 13291.

Choi. 291 ; Diarr. 3 1.

553; 3. ; Tynemouth. Pop. 13958.

Choi. 1 13 ; Diarr. 28.

553; 4. ; Lonybenton. Pop. 8711.

Choi. 75 ; Diarr. 8.

553; 5. ; Earsdon. Pop. 7508. — Choi. 182 ;

Diarr. 17.

553; 6. ; Blyth. Pop. 7393. — Choi. 118;

Diarr. 4.— The observations on the district of Tyne-
mouth will be found in the remarks, in foregoing
pages.

554; 1. Castle Ward ; Ponteland. Pop. 7229. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. o. — First death from cholera on
September 6th, at Horton Grange, a labourer, aged
24 ; the other 4 cases occurred on September 16th,
18th, 22nd, and November 9th.

554; 2. ; Stamfordham. Pop. 7308.

Choi. 12 ; Diarr. 3. — A waggoner’ss on, aged one, died
of cholera on May 25th, at Leamington; no other
case occurred until August 4th, when a sailor’s
widow, aged 73, died at Bells Close ; all the subse-
quent cases took place at Newburn and Walbottle ;
the last two on November 6th.

555; 1. Hexham; Bywell. Pop. 6450. — Choi.
3 ; Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera occurred on
August 29th at Blanchland ; second and third, on
September 14th and 30th, at Wylam.

5554 2. ; Hexham. Pop. 9x16. — Choi 10;

Diarr. 8. — Cholera prevailed in February at the
Workhouse, where 4 deaths took place; the first 2
on February 18th; in July and August 4 females
died from diarrhoea and old age in the Workhouse.
The last fatal case of cholera occurred on October
26th at Market-street.

555 ! 3- ; Allendale- Pop. 7637. — Choi. 0;

Diarr. 1.

555; 4. ; Cliollerton. Pop. 4724. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

55651. Haltwhistle; Haltwhistle. Pop. 5949.
— Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera, on
September 27th, an agricultural labourer, aged 30,
at the workhouse ; second case, on October 4th, a
butcher, aged 31, at Haltwhistle.

557 ; 1. Bellingham ; Bellingham. Pop. 3577. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

557; 2. ; Kirkwhelpington. Pop. 3885.—

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

558 ; 1. Morpeth ; Morpeth. Pop. 6995. — Choi. 7 ;
Diarr. 4. — First case of cholera on March 20th
at Manchester-lane ; no other death took place until
September 14th, when it was fatal to a farmer’s
wife, at New Houses Farm ; one death occurred at
the Workhouse; the last case was on October 13th,
at Old Chapel, Chantry Place. 3 of the deaths from
diarrhoea took place early in November.

558, 2. ; Bedlington. Pop. 7993. — Cliol. 29 ;

Diarr. 5. — The first death from cholera was
that of a traveller from Ireland, aged 26, at East
Thirston, on March 8th ; the next case was on
August 27th at Newbiggin; the third on October

294

Notes on Cholera

4th at Bedlington, where, after November 2nd, it
prevailed with great severity, several families losing
2 members : the epidemic was not fatal after No-
vember 27th.

559; 1. Alnwick; Warkwortli. Pop. 6416. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 5. The first 2 deaths from cholera
occurred at Warkworth Harbour on September 3rd
and 7th, 2 mariners, aged respectively 40 and 46.
The last case took place on September 27th at
Amble Link House.

559; 2. ; Alnwick. Pop. 6637. — Choi. 127;

Diarr. 11. — The first fatal cases of cholera were those
of a mason’s wife, daughter, and son, who died at
Monkhouse-square, on September 17th and 1 8th.
Several deaths followed on September 23rd at Clay-
port-street and Greenbat: it prevailed with remark-
able virulence at Clayport-street throughout the epi-
demic; Bondgate-street also suffered much, and
several families lost 2 members : 5 deaths took

place at the Dispensary, Dispensary-street, in
October. The last fatal case occurred on October
31st at Crofthouse, a clergyman’s son, aged 3
months.

559 ! 3- ; Embleton. Pop. 5746. — Choi. 10;

D iarr. 1. — Cholera first appeared fatally at Boulmer,
on August 7th, when a grocer’s wife, aged 52, died,
her husband being the next victim on August 13th.
7 of the deaths occurred at Boulmer; 2 at Long-
hauton ; and the last, on September 30th, at Newton-
by-the-Sea.

560; 1. Belford; Belford. Pop. 6436. — Choi. 3 ;
Diarr. 4. — The deaths from cholera took place at
Belford, on October 18th, 24th, and 30th. No
males died of cholera or diarrhoea during the year.

561; 1. Berwick; Islandshire. Pop. 3502.

Choi. 3; Diarr. o. — First death, a female aged 53,
at Scremerston, on September 23rd; second at
Aucroft Moor, on September 27th ; and the third
at Fenwick on October 8th.

561; 2. ; Berwick-upon-Tweed. Pop. 13686.

— Choi. 45 ; Diarr. 4. — Cholera prevailed in this
sub-district early in the year, the first case being
on January 2nd, at the Workhouse, where also 2
other deaths took place in this month. A remark-
able mortality occurred in the family of a fisher-
man, at Shore Houses Spittal, where between Janu-
ary 6th and 12th, the man, his wife, and 3 children
died. With the exception of 2 cases in February,
and 2 in April, no deaths took place until Sep-
tember 17th, when it again became very prevalent,
4 more fatal cases occurring at the Workhouse ; the
Parade, Chapel-street, and Casllegate, also suffered :
the last case was on December 6th at Ness Gate.

561; 3. ; Norhamshire. Pop. 3757. — Choi.

28 ; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was fatal, on January 2nd,
to a pauper’s daughter at Hornchurch. Excepting in
June and July, it prevailed until November, chiefly,
however, in September. Norham and Cornhill
suffered most : the last death was at Norham on
November 20th.

562: 1. Glendale; Ford. Pop. 7224. — Choi.
10; Diarr. 8. — Cholera was prevalent in the sub-
district in the latter part of 1848; the first death in
1849 occurred on January 2nd at Milfield, Berry
Hill, Wark Carham, and West Newton ;Kirknewton
suffered most; the last death took place on October
26th at Kilham Kirknewton.

362; 2. ; Wooler. Pop. 6993. Choi 1;

Diarr. 1. — This case of cholera occurred at the
Union Workhouse on April 2nd, an Irish labourer,
aged 27.

563; i. Rothbury; Rothbury. Pop. 5477. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

563; 2. Rothbury; Elsdon. Pop. 1820.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

40. CUMBERLAND.

564; 1. Alston ; Alston. Pop. 6062, — Choi, o ;
Diarr. 1.

565; 1. Penrith; Penrith. Pop. 10061. ■

Choi, o ; Diarr. 4.

565; 2. ; Greystolie. Pop. 5084. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. o. — The first death from cholera was that of a
farmer’s wife, on January 24th, at Hole House Skel-
ton. The other fatal cases were on the 7th and 16th
of September, in females aged 45 and 27, they being
travelling pedlars.

565 ; 3. ; Kirk Oswald. Pop. 5868.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. I. — A husbandman died of cholera
at High Hesket, on 16th November.

566; 1. Brampton; Hayton. Pop. 2628.

Cbol. 1 ; Diarr. 1. — Cholera was fatal to an iron-
merchant’s assistant, at Cumwhitton, on 30th Sep-
tember.

566; 2. ; Brampton. Pop. 4873. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. 2.

566; 3. ; Walton. Pop. 3032. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

567; 1. Longtow n ; High Longtown. Pop. 3269.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

567 ; 2. ; Low Longtown. Pop. 6452.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A weaver’s son, on January
24th.

568; 1. Carlisle; Wetheral. Pop. 3571.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. 2. — A stonemason’s wife died of
cholera at Cumwhinton, April 29th.

568; 2. ■ ; St. Cuthbert. Pop. ill 16.

Choi. 10 ; Diarr. 17. — The first fatal case of cholera
in 1849, was recorded January 8th, when a labour-
er’s daughter died at Court-square, English-street,
after an attack of 8 hours’ duration. 3 deaths
occurred at the gaol, English-street. After February
15th, no deaths took place until August 6th, when
it proved fatal to a railway clerk’s son, aged 3, at 15
Jackson’s-place, Botchergate : this was the last death.
Diarrhoea prevailed throughout the year, principally
between April 13th and December 12th.

568 ; 3. ; St. Mary. Pop. 12624.

Choi. 40; Diarr. 19. — Cholera was present ia this
sub-district in the latter part of 1848. The first
death in 1849 took place January 2nd, at Irish
Damside, when, after an attack of 5 day’ sduration, it
was fatal to a labourer’s daughter, aged ir years. In
the House of Recovery 11 deaths took place. At
Eden Cottage it was fatal to the twin son and daugh-
ter, aged 10 months, of the captain of a passage-boat.
The epidemic was very prevalent in Caldcoats, in
Bridge-street, and at Irish Damside, and the families
of the weaving population suffered much. After
March, a few deaths occurred at intervals; the latest
being December 14th, at Rickergate, a shoemaker's
daughter, aged 15.

568; 4. ; Stanwix. Pop. 3324. — Choi. O;

Diarr. o.

568; 5. ; Burgh. Pop. 1548. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

568; 6. ; Dalston. Pop. 3976. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

569; 1. Wigton; Wigton. Pop. 10674.

Choi. 1, Diarr. 12. — Cholera was fatal to a female
mendicant, aged 26 (being at the time pregnant), at
Market Hill, September 23rd. 5 deaths from diar-

rhoea in the Union Workhouse.

569; 2. ; Abbey Holme. Pop. 7019.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o.— A surgeon, aged 33, at Stenkhill,
on November 34th.

in the Counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Monmouth.

295

569; 3. Wigton; Caldbeck. Pop. 5672.

Choi, o ; T)iarr. o.

570; 1. Cockermouth : Keswick. Pop. 6001. —
Choi. 5 ; Diarr. o. — First death from cholera took
place on June 25th, a single woman, aged 25 ; last
death on September nth, a weaver's wife, aged 30.

570; 2. ; Cockermouth. Pop. 9481.

Choi. 60; Diarr. 11. — After a prevalence of diar-
rhoea, the first death from cholera happened to a
sempstress, aged 60, at St. Helens-street, where
several other deaths took place : in Main-street,
Waterloo-street, Skinner-street, and Papcastle, many
fatal cases occurred. The last death was that of a
draper’s son, aged 3 years, at Crown-street, Novem-
ber 4th.

570; 3. ; Workington. Pop. 9424.

Choi. 167; Diarr. 14. — Cholera was first fatal to a
blacksmith at the Quay, on 9th August. The epi-
demic prevailed severely at Priest-gate, in Pow-
street, Church street and lane, Griffin-street, and
Brow Top. The families of mariners and coal-
miners suffered greatly. The last death was that of
a labourer's wife, aged 51, on November 8th, at
Camerton.

570; 4. ; Maryport. Pop. 10775.

Choi. 50 ; Diarr. 2. — The first death registered from
cholera was that of a sailor, who died at sea, in the
passage between Dublin and Maryport : this was
followed by the death of a blacksmith, aged 47, at
Furnace-road, August 9th. More than one-fourth
of the deaths took place in Kirby-street ; several also
occurred in Furnace-lane, Crosby-street, and Queen-
street; the last on November 12th, when a ship-
wright's son, aged 9 years, died at Senhouse-street.

5 7 x ; i. Whitehaven; Harrington. Pop. 5925.
— Choi. 8; Diarr. 3. — The first fatal case of cholera
was that of a shoemaker's daughter, aged 5 years,
August 27th, at Harrington Harbour, at which place
all the deaths took place ; the last a labourer, aged 53,
on October 12th.

571; 2. ; Whitehaven. Pop. 11854.

Choi. 38 ; Diarr. 22. — Cholera was first fatal on May
25th, to a labourer’s son aged 4 years, at 66 Queen-
street ; diarrhoea prevailed, but no other fatal case of
cholera until August 22nd. After this time it rapidly
increased : three deaths took place at 3 New Town :

several deaths took place at this part, and also in
Peter-court and Peter-street. On November 23rd, a
miner’s wife, aged 22, died at Banks-lane, which was
the last death from cholera.

571; 3. Whitehaven; St. Bees. Pop. 6790. —
Choi. 29; Diarr. 12. — First death from cholera was
that of a spinster, aged 28, at Hensingham on April
30th: three children of a single woman died at 4
Cunnings-lane New houses; two fatal cases at 25
Ginns Preston Quarter, in which neighbourhood
many deaths occurred : the last case is recorded on
November 30th, a single-woman's daughter, aged 18
months, at Bransty-lane.

571; 4. ; Egremont. Pop. 5419. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 1. — Cholera was first fatal to a labourer’s
daughter, aged 3, at Gosforth, September 2. Last
death September 25th, a labourer, aged 51, at Wel-
lington-row, Egremont parish.

572; 1. Bootle; Muncaster. Pop. 2166.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

572; 2. ; Bootle. Pop. 3350. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

41. WESTMORLAND.

573; 1. EastWard; Appleby. Pop. 5290.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

573; 2. ; Kirkby Stephen. Pop. 5690.

— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A straw-bonnet maker, aged
27, on July 26th.

573 ; 3. ; Orton. Pop. 2829. Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

574; 1. WestWard; Morland. Pop. 4079. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

574; 2. ; Lowther. Pop. 3889. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

575; 1. Kendal; Ambleside. Pop. 5744.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 2.

575; 2. •; Grayrigg. Pop. 3815. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. I.

575 ! 3- 5 Kirkby Lonsdale . Pop. 6684.

Choi, o ; Diarr. r.

575; 4. ; Kendal. Pop. 12021 — Choi, o;

Diarr. 12.

575 ! 5- ; Milnthorpe. Pop. 6413.— Choi. o;

Diarr. o.

XI. WELSH

42. MONMOUTHSHIRE.

576; 1. Chepstow; Shire-Newton. Pop. 4849. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

576; 2. ; Chepstow. Pop. 6862. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 13. — These deaths from cholera were those of
a labourer, aged 18, at Chepstow, on June 12th, and
a labourer, aged 67, at Mathern, on September nth ;

8 deaths from diarrhoea occurred in the Union Work-
house.

576; 3. — — ; Lydney. Pop. 5065. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

577; 1. Monmouth; Coleford. Pop. 9163.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal to a cabinet-
maker, aged 38, at Newland, on September 14th;
and a gentlewoman, aged 36, at Newland, on Octo-
ber 24th.

577; 2. ; Dingestow. Pop. 5298. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

577 > 3- i Monmouth. Pop. 6197

Choi. 19 ; Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera took

DIVISION.

place at the Workhouse on June 6 th, when a labourer,
aged 75, died after an attack of 17 hours’ duration:
all the deaths occurred between June 6th and June
19th ; and, with the exception of a mother and
daughter at Chippenham Gate-street, all the fatal
cases were at the Union Workhouse.

577; 4. Monmouth; Trelleck. Pop. 4647.'

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — A waterman, aged 38, at Lan-
dago, on July 12th.

57851. Abergavenny; Llanarth. Pop. 1861. —
Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

578; 2. ; Llanvihangel. Fop. 1820.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

578; 3. ; Abergavenny. Pop. 7256.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 13. — First death from cholera on
August 7th, a female, aged 59, at King David : at the
Workhouse 4 deaths took place. Last fatal case on
September 6th, a cordwainer, aged 26, at Mill-street;
diarrhoea prevailed previous and subsequently to the
appearance of cholera.

578; 4. ; Blaenavon. Pop. 6223. — Choi. 1;

296

Notes on Cholera

Diarr. 3. — Cholera was fatal to a miner’s daughter,
aged 20, on September 17th, at Blaenavon after
suffering 3 days from diarrhoea, which she had
neglected: duration of the cholera attack 36 hours.

578; 5. Abergavenny ; Aberystruth. Pop. 11272.
Choi. 223 ; Diarr. 11. — The first fatal case of cholera
recorded was that of a boiler-maker, aged 42, at
Blaina on June 8th; second death on June 10th;
third death on July 1st. A pause then took place
until July 31st, when it broke out atNanty Glo with
extraordinary violence : at which place, together with
Blaina, its presence was most marked during August
and September; a few deaths occurred at Gam Vach,
and at Coalbrook Vale; Ebber Vale suffered chiefly
in October ; it was very fatal among the iron-working
and coal-mining population. Last death on Novem-
ber 28th, a roller’s wife, aged 23, at Blaina.

57856. ; Tredegar. Pop. 19929. — Choi. 203 ;

Diarr. 33. — First fatal case of cholera took place on
January 3rd, when a collier’s wife, aged 57, died at
Sirhowy : diarrhoea then prevailed ; and on May 19th,
another death from cholera occurred. Towards the
end of June, its prevalence became fatally conspicu-
ous: Rumney and Bedwelty suffered severely, as
also at a later period did Tredegar, Sirhowy, and
Victoria; the mining and metal-working population
died in great numbers. Last death on November
29th, when a metal-breaker’s son, aged 4years, died
at Sirhowy.

578; 7. ; Rock Bedwelty. Pop. 2484.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. o. — Both deaths at Blackwood. A
tailor, aged 65, on July 22nd, and a collier’s widow,
aged 57, on August 2.

579; r. Pontypool; Pontypool. Pop. 18280. —
Choi. 61; Diarr- 6. — First fatal case of cholera took
place on June 5th, when a brazier’s wife, aged 50, died
at Trevethin: its prevalence was most marked at
Trosnant in July, and Enyscoy in August. 10 deaths
occurred in the cholera hospital. Last death, a
Wesleyan minister's wife, aged 73, at Trosnant, on
September 20th.

579; 2. ; Llangibby. Pop. 2632. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. 2. — All the deaths from cholera took place in
the parish of Lanwrechva : the first on August 15th,
a cinder-filler, aged 38 ; the last death on September
7th, a puddler, aged 30.

579 ; 3- i Vsk. Pop. 4126. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 1. — These deaths from cholera were those of
a labourer, aged 22, at the House of Correction on
May 2 7th, and a labourer, aged 40, at Barn in Frostrey
on June 24th.

580; 1. Newport; Caerleon. Pop. 5822.

Choi. 15; Diarr. 3. — First death from cholera oc-
curred on May 29th, at Caerleon, a washerwoman,
aged 45 ; all the deaths occurred at Caerleon, and in
the parish of Christchurch. Last fatal case on Sep-
tember 30th, a female, aged 27, at Christchurch
parish.

580; 2. ; Newport. Pop. 13766.

Choi. 209 ; Diarr. 25. — First fatal case of cholera on
May loth, when a painter’s wife, aged 29, died at
Friars-fields : its prevalence increased in June, and
continued until the beginning of October. It was
very fatal in Cross-street, Mellons-bank, New-
market, Fentonville, Pillgwenlly, Fothergiil-street,
and Queen’s-parade. Last death on October 2nd, at
Pillgwenlly, a carpenter, aged 43.

580; 3. ; St. Woollos. Pop. 5765.

Choi. 18 ; Diarr. I. — Cholera broke out at Marshfield
on June 12th, when the wife, two sons, and two
daughters of a labourer died after attacks varying
from 5 hours to 15 hours’ duration: it prevailed in
the parish of Llantarnam, chiefly in the early part

of September. Last death on November 22nd at
Cwm-bran, a roller's daughter, aged one year.

580; 4. Newport; Mynyddyslwyn. Pop. 7704.-
Chol. 4; Diarr. 2. — Cholera was first fatal on July
16th at Bedwas, to a shopkeeper's wife, aged 5 1. Last
death on September 10th at Bryn, a collier’s wife,
aged 53.

43 SOUTH WALES.

GLAMORGANSHIRE.

581; 1. Cardiff; Caerphilly. Pop. 6554.

Choi. 24; Diarr. 8.

581; 2. ; Cardiff. Pop. 13922. — Choi. 360;

Diar. 6r.

581; 3. ; St. Nicholas. Pop. 4530.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. I.

581; 4. ; Llan-trisaint. Pop. 7551.

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 5.

The observations on the district of Cardiff will be
found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

582; 1. Merthyr Tydfil; Gelligaer.

Pop. 6278. — Choi. 30; Diarr. 2.

582; 2. ; Lower Merthyr Tydfil.

Pop. 18289. — Choi. 462 ; Diarr. 28.

582; 3. ; Upper Merthyr Tydfil.

Pop. 18974. — Choi. 1005 ; Diarr. 64.

582; 4. \Aberdare. Pop. 9322. — Choi. 185

Diarr. 3.

The observations on the district of Merthyr Tydfil
will be found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

583; 1. Bridgend; Maesteg. Pop. 6994.

Choi. 33 ; Diarr. 6. — No fatal case of cholera is re-
corded in this sub-district prior to July 22nd, when
a labourer, aged 23, and a single woman, aged 20, died
at Cwmdu, where nearly all the deaths took place,
chiefly among the mining population. The last
death was on September 13th at Cwmdu, a single
woman's son, aged 15 months.

583; 2. ; Cowbridge. Pop. 6449. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 2. — The first and the last death from cholera
occurred in Cowbridge, on June 4th and October
2 1st respectively ; the other 2 cases were on August
10th, at Batslays in Lantwit Major, and on Septem-
ber 30tb at Lanblethian.

583 ; 3. ; Bridgend. Pop. 7912. — Choi. 50 ;

Diarr. o. — The epidemic was first fatal in the case of
a horsekeeper, aged 57, at Cefn Cwse on July 8th ;
7 other deaths occurred in this month. In August
its prevalence increased ; the places which suffered
most being the Pyle Works, Kenfig Hill, Newcastle,
Oldeastle, and Aberkenfig. No case is recorded
later than September 18th.

584; I. Neath; Maryam. Pop. 7944.

Choi. 241 ; Diarr. 20.

584; 2. ; Neath. Pop. 7768. — Choi. 245,

Diarr. 28.

584; 3. ; Ystradvelltey. Pop. 2738.

Choi. 38; Diarr. o.

584; 4. ; Ystradgyulais. Pop. 5698.

Choi. 107 ; Diarr. 5.

584; 5. ; Cadoxton. Pop. 5103.— Choi. 90 ;

Diarr. 6.

584; 6. ; Llansamlet. Pop. 3375.

Choi. 17 ; Diarr. 2.

The observations on the district of Neath will be
found in the remarks, in foregoing pages.

585 ; 1. Swansea; Llamlilo-talybont. — Pop. 4880.
— Choi. 6 ; Diarr. o. — The whole of the deaths oc-
curred in the parish of Llangafelach ; the first on
June 18th, and the last on August ;th.

585; 2. ; Llangafelach. Pop. 9001.

297

in the Counties of Glamorgan, Carmarthen, and Pembroke.

Choi. 108 ; Diarr. 3. — Cholera was first, fatal on May
31st, in the case of a labourer’s son, aged 4, at Mor-
riston ; this was followed by 2 deaths in June and 3
in July. In August and September it prevailed very
fatally, Morriston and Penclawdd, suffering most;
.several families lost 2 members, and the mining and
metal-working population appear most frequently in
the death-list. The epidemic seems to have sub-
sided after October 30th, on which day the last death
is recorded, a copperman’s daughter, aged 15, at
Caebaddell.

585; 3. Swansea; Swansea. Pop. 18278.

Choi. 133 ; Diarr. 25. — Cholera first broke out in the
gaol, where 2 deaths occurred on July 14th, and 3
others subsequently during the month : it spread ra-
pidly and was very fatal in Bethesda St. Green Hill,
High-street, and Strand; all classes of operatives
suffered, and females to a much greater extent than
males : it declined in September, and after October
7th its presence is no longer marked.

585 ; 4. ; Gower. Pop. 6490. — Choi. 15 ;

Diarr. 4. — The period during which cholera was
fatal, ranged from August 12th to September 10th,
and excepting 2 cases at Gellyhir llston, all the
deaths took place at Newton and Mumbles, chiefly
in the families of farmers and labourers. In only one
instance is the certificate of a medical practitioner
noted.

CARMARTHENSHIRE.

586; 1. Llanelly; Loughor. Pop. 2728.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

586; 2. ; Llanellg. Pop. 9266. — Choi. 29;

Diarr. 10. — One death from cholera occurred on May
19th at Wern ; the next case was on July 18th, but
it was not until September that it became prevalent;
"Wern and Forge suffered most, chiefly families of
colliers and coppermen. The last 2 deaths took
place at Pottery-row, on October 30th and November
2nd.

586; 3. ; Pembrey. Pop. 4413. — Choi. 16;

Diarr. 1.— The first death from cholera occurred on
September 1st at Castell ; the epidemic was chiefly
confined to the borough of Kidwelly ; Water-street,
and Bailiff-street, suffering' most. The last death
was on November 6th, at Tynewydd.

586; 4. ; Llan-non. Pop. 3775. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

587; r. Llandovery; Llundausaint.

Pop. 942. — Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This death occurred
on June loth at Pontaber, a labourer, aged 42.

587; 2. — — - ; Llangadock. Pop. 2604.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. o. — Cholera became fatal on July
26th, in the case of a labourer, aged 68, at Cwmant-
male ; all the other cases were in August, the last
death being a collier’s daughter, aged 4, at Penygraig,
on August 30th.

587; 3. ; Llansadwrn. Pop. 1745. — Chol.o ;

Diarr. o.

587 ; 4. ; Myddfai. Pop. 1073. — Choi, o;

Diarr. r.

587; 5. ; Llandingat. Pop. 2345. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. 3. — The deaths from cholera occurred between
the 13th and 17th of September at Cross-lane, Queen-
street, and High-street. There were 2 deaths from
diarrhoea in the Workhouse.

587; 6. ; Llaifuirary-lryn. Pop. 1649. —

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

587; 7. ; Llanwrtyd. Pop. 779. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

587; 8. ; Cilycwm. Pop. 1481. — Choi o;

Diarr. 1.

587; 9. ; Conwil Cayo. Pop. 2108.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

588; x. Llandilofawr ; Talley. Pop 2050.

Choi. 3 ; Diarr. o. — These were the deaths of
females: atCwmyryrm on July 2bth ; at Cwmgwyd-
dil on August 6th ; and at Bontgarregishaf on
August 27th.

588 ; 2. ; Llanfyndd. Pop. 1528.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a coiiier,
aged 27, at Trycwmychaf on August 17th.

588; 3. ; Llangathen. Pop. 3221.

Choi. 7 ; Diarr. o. — The whole of these deaths
occurred in the parish of Llaneywad, the first on
September 6th and the last on November 13th.

388; 4. ; Llandilo. Pop. 4793.' — Choi. 7;

Diarr. 2. — The first case of cholera occurred on June
7th at Pontlaides ; the other 6 deaths took place from
August 14th, to September 21st, viz. : 3 at Trallwm,
and 3 at the Union Workhouse.

588; 5. ; Llandebie. Pop. 5536.

Choi. 22 ; Diarr. 1. — The first 2 deaths from cholera
occurred on July 29th and 30th at Tycanol Gwtter-
fawr; the epidemic was most prevalent in that part
of the parish of Llandilofawr lying south of the river
Cennen. The last death was on September 24th at
Mary’s Cottage, Llanfihangel.

589; 1. Carmarthen ; L/angcndeime.

Pop. 9269. — Choi. 26 ; Diarr. 6. — Cholera was not
fatal until August 8th, when a labourer, aged 43, died
at Felindre; his wife died next, on August nth; it
became very prevalent in Ponteberen and Felindre,
and was most fatal among females. The last death
was a labourer’s daughter, aged 21, at Penllam,
on September 20th.

589 ; 2. ; St. Clears. Pop. 7187. — Choi. 13 ;

Diarr. o. — First death on August 29th, at Gosport ;
the epidemic was chiefly prevalent in September:
Gosport suffering the most ; the last 2 deaths occurred
on the 14th and 28th of October.

589. 3; ; Carmarthen. Pop. 12295.

Choi. 102 ; Diarr. 12. — The first death from cholera
occurred on June 25 th atLlanlhvch ; it was not, how-
ever, until the beginning of August that its prevalence
extended. Ividwellyfach, Aberguilly, Alltycnap,
Priory-street, and Dame-street, suffered severely,
several families losing 2 members : in the Workhouse
2 cases were fatal. Towards the end of October the
deaths grew less numerous : theie were only 2 cases
in November, and after one death on December 1st,
and another on December 7th, it ceased to find a
place in the records of mortality.

589; 4. ; Conwil. Pop. 8772. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera occurred on August
17th, a tailor’s wife, aged 54, at Fynonddrain, New
Church ; she had no medical attendant, and the attack
was fatal after a duration of 16 hours.

PEMBROKESHIRE.

590; 1. Narberth; Llanloidy. Pop. 3801. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

590; 2. ; Llandissilio. Pop. 3618.

Choi, o ; Diarr. r.

590; 3. ; Amroth. Pop. 3290. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 3. — These deaths from cholera were those of
a farm labourer, aged 18, at Ivillano, on November
19th ; and a fireman at an iron furnace, aged 32, at
Birdslaue, on October 16th : the duration of attack in
each case was 16 hours.

590 ; 4. ; Narberlli. Pop. 3752. — Choi, r ;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a labourer's widow,
aged 57, at Sadson House on January 6th.

590; 5. ; Slebech. Pop. 3511. — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 1. — The whole of these deaths occurred in
the Workhouse ; 3 of them being illegitimate

children. The first death from cholera was on

298

Notes on Cholera

October 29th; the last on No.vember 4th; and the
death from diarrhoea on November 30th.

590; 6. Narberth; Beaellij. Pop. 3776.

Choi. 4; Diarr. 1. — These cases of cholera occurred
on October 4th, 5th, and 16th.

5 9 r ; 1. Pembroke; Tenby. Pop. 8436.

Choi. 5 ; Diarr. 3. — First death from cholera
on May 18th. at Green Buildings, a labourer’s
daughter, aged 10 months : all the other cases
occurred between October rst and 29th.

591; 2. ; Pembroke. Pop. 9082. Choi. 5;

Diarr. 28. — First death from cholera on September
20th, at Monkton St. Mary ; last case on October
gth, at Banker’s-row. Diarrhoea was very prevalent
throughout September and October, and was most
severe in King-street, Queen -street, and Front-
street, Pembroke Dock.

591; 3. ; Roose. Pop. 2152. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — The death from cholera was that of a
shipwright’s wife, aged 62, at Ware, Llandstadwell,
on August 14th.

592; 1. Haverfordwest; Milford. — Pop. 8998.
— Choi. 4; Diarr. 3. — The two first cases of cholera
occurred at Milford Haven on July 17th and August
10; and the other two at Broadway, Walton West,
on September 15th and 17th.

592 ; 2. ; Haverfordwest. Pop. 12129. •

Choi. 9 ; Diarr. 6. — Eight of these cases of cholera
took place in September ; the first on September 7th,
at Greenhill-Fold ; one death occurred at the work-
house ; the last fatal case was that of a shoemaker,
aged 34, at Shut-street, on October 8th. An inquest
was held on the body, and the verdict was, that the
deceased died of cholera, accelerated by immersion
in cold water at his own request.

592 ; 3. ; St David. Pop. 7732. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

592; 4. ; Fishguard. Pop. 8280. Choi, o ;

Diarr. 5.

CARDIGANSHIRE.

593; 1. Cardigan; Newport. Pop. 6227.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

593; 2. ; Cardigan. Pop. 9417. Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

593i 3- ; Llandygwidd. Pop. 4259.

Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

594; 1. Newcastle-in-Emlyn ; Kenarth.

Pop. 9125. — Choi o; Diarr. o.

594; 2. ; Pembryn. Pop. 5413. — Choi o;

Diarr. o.

594; 3. ; Llandyssil. Pop. 6325. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

595; 1. Lampeter; Lanybyther. Pop. 2737. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a farmer,
aged 56, at Tforest, Llanfihangel, on June 17th.

595; 2. ; Pencarreg. Pop. 2534. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

595 i 3- ; Lampeter. Pop. 2691. — Choi. 2 ;

Diarr. 3. — On August 31st and September 9th, 2
children of a drivbr died of diarrhoea at the Barley-
mow, Lampeter ; this was followed on September
nth and 1 3th, by 2 deaths from cholera at Lampeter-
commons.

595; 4. ; Llanwenog. Pop. 1903. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

596; 1. Aberayron ; Llandisilio. Pop. 6268. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

59652. ; Llan-saint ffraid. Pop. 6607.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

597; 1. Aberystwith ; Llanrhystyd. Pop. 3653.
Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

597 ; 2. ; Aberystwith. Pop. 8211. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. I*

597; 3. Aberystwith; Geneur- Glynn.

Pop. 4358. — Choi, o; Diarr. o.

597; 4. ; Rheidol. Pop. 6020. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

598; 1. Tregaron; Gwnnws. Pop. 3018

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

598; 2. ; Llangeitho. Pop. 3257. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

598; 3. ; Tregaron. Pop. 3979. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

BRECKNOCKSHIRE.

599; 1. Builth ; Aber-gwesin. Pop. 2955.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This was the death of a farmer,
aged 50, at Berthlwyd Treflys, on September 6th :
duration of attack r2 hours; he had not been
visited by a medical attendant.

599; 2. ; Colwyn. Pop. 2172. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

599 ; 3- 5 Builth. Pop. 3587. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

600; 1. Brecknock; Merthyr Cynog. Pop. 1672.
Cbol. o ; Diarr. o.

600; 2. ; Devynnock. Pop. 4420. — Choi, o ;

Diarr. o.

600; 3. ; Brecknock. Pop. 7243. — Choi. 6 ;

Diarr. 5. — With the exception of one case at Ship-
street, St. Mary’s, on July 28th, the whole of the
deaths from cholera occurred at the Union Work-
house ; the first case being on June 20th, and the
last on September 26th.

600; 4. ; Penkelly. Pop. 1532. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — This death from cholera was that of
a carpenter, aged 52, at Cwm Crawnon, on
September 14th.

600; 5. ; Llangorse. Pop. 2834. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

601; 1. Crickhowell ; Cwmdu. Pop. 1039. —
Choi, o ; Diair. o.

601 ; 2. ; Llangunider. Pop. 2775. — Choi. 9;

Diirr. 2. — Cholera was first fatal in the case of a
workwoman, aged 60, at Bush Cottages, Duke’s
town, on August 25th. This was followed, on
September 29th, by the deaths of a farmer and his
wife, aged 72 and 62 respectively, at Frwd Farm :
the last death occurred on October 10th at Victoria-
row.

601; 3. ; Llangaltock. Pop. 4334.

Choi. 26; Diarr. 7. — In the case of a labourer’s
daughter, aged 9, who died on March 3rd, at
Wauugoch, Beaufort, a coroner's jury returned a
verdict that her death was caused by cholera:
duration 12 hours. No other case occurred until
August 1st, when a mason, aged 51, died at Tinker’s-
row ; it prevailed until September 26th, and most
of the deaths took place at Waungoch.

601; 4. ; Llanelly. Pop. 7366. — Choi. 56;

Diarr. 7. — Cholera broke out on July 21st, when a
coal-miner’s wife, aged 50. died at the Pont-yr-
Efel, Clydach Iron Works. It prevailed very fatally
throughout August, decreasing in intensity in
September, and finally disappeared after October
loth. Glamorgan-street, Worcester-street, Bailey-
street, and King-street, suffered most, chiefly the
mining and iron-working population.

6or. 5. ; Crickhowell. Pop. 2162.

Choi. 4; Diarr. o. — These deaths occurred on June
29th at Printer’s-alley ; on July 31st at Church-
lane ; and on August 6th and nth at Mill-street.

602; 1. Hay; Talgarth. Pop. 2539. — Choi, o;
Diarr. o.

602; 2. ; Clyro. Pop. 3837.—-CI10I. o;

Diarr. I.

in the Counties of Radnor, Montgomery , Flint , and Denbigh. 299

602; 3, Hay; Hay. Hop. 4953. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. o. — This was the death of a labourer, aged
30, at Hay, on April 17th: duration of attack 4
days.

EADNORSHIRE.

603; 1. Presteigne; BriUey. Pop. 2117.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

603; 2. ; Radnor. Pop. 3972. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

603; 3. ; Kington. Pop. 6128. Choi, o;

Diarr. 3.

603; 4. ; Presteigne. Pop.3522. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

604; 1. Knighton; Knighton. Pop. 5038.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 1. — These cases of cholera were
those of a farmer, aged 19, at Lower Hall, Heyop,
on September 1st, and a farmer’s son, aged one, at
Rose Grove, Bettws-y-Crwyn, on September 4th.

604; 2. ; Llanbister. Pop. 4277. Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

605; 1. Rhayader; Rhayader. Pop. 3702. —
Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

605 ; 2. ; Nantmel. Pop. 3020. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

44. NORTH WALES.

MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

606 ; i. Machynlleth ; Machynlleth. Pop. 3905.
— Choi, o ; Drarr. o.

606; 2. ; Pennal. Pop. 4407. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

606; 3. ; Harowen. Pop. 3995. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 1.

607 ; i. Newtown; Upper Llanidloes. Pop. 4234.
— Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

607; 2 ; Lower Llanidloes. Pop. 3831. —

Choi, i ; Diarr. 1. — The death from cholera occurred
at Llechwedd Trefeglys on July i^th, a farmer,
aged 40.

607; 3- ; Llanwnog. Pop. 5111.— Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — This death from cholera took place on
September 1 8th, a plasterer’s wife, aged 3 7, at Bwlchy-
frydd, Aberhafesp ; a coroner’s inquest was held.

607; 4. ; Kerry. Pop. 2743. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

607; 5. •; Newtown. Pop. 6842 — Choi. 6;

Diarr. 8. — The first fatal case of cholera in this sub-
district occurred on August 24th, in a currier, aged
45, at the Horsemarket; the last death took place on
October 3rd, at Kerry-road, when a labourer’s widow,
aged 43, died. This was followed by several deaths
from diarrhoea, chiefly at Pool-road.

607; 6. ; Tregynon. Pop. 3255. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

608; 1. Montgomery ; Montgomery. Pop. 6280.
— Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This death took place on
September 5th, at the out-buildings. Abermule Inn,
a currier, aged 40, after an attack of 14 hours’ dura-
tion.

608; 2. ; Chirhury. Pop. 5395. — Choi. 2;

Diarr. 3. — First death from cholera on June 8th, a
gentlewoman, aged 68, at the Vicarage ; second case
on August 29th, a labourer’s son aged 3, at Priest-
weston ; two deaths from diarrhoea took place at the
Forden House of Industry.

608; 3. ; Pool. Pop. 9308. — Choi. 34;

Diarr. 2. — Cholera first became fatal on August 18th,
in a Custom-house officer’s widow, aged 88, at High-
street, Welsh Pool : it prevailed until September
24th, when a tailor’s daughter, aged 2, died at Britan-
nia-street ; it was most fatal in Powell’s-row and
Back-road. Inquests were held in 6 cases.

609; 1. Llanfyllin ; Llanfair. Pop. 6888.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

609; 2. ; Llansaintffraid. Pep. 7989.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 2. — The first death from cholera was
on July 25th, a miner’s wife, aged 32, at Llanfyllin ;
next fatal case on August 18th, and two others on
September nth.

6°g ; 3. ; Llanrhaiadr. Pop. 5573.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

FLINTSHIRE.

610; 1. Holywell; Whitford. Pop. 8758.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 3.

610; 2. ; Holywell. Pop. 12950. — Choi. 46;

Diarr. 3. — Cholera wast first fatal in this sub-district
on July 14th, when a smelter’s wife aged 38, died at
Alien-square. It was very prevalent throughout this
month, Chester-road and Bagillt-street ' suffering
most: only two deaths occurred in August; after
September 6th it again increased, and continued up
to October 20th, when a shoemaker, aged 32, died at
Bagillt.

610; 3. ; Flint. Pop. 8239. — Choi. 35;

Diarr. 16. — On August 20th, a forgeman’s daughter,
aged 9, died of cholera at Flint. It afterwards pre-
vailed with much severity at Northop, Golftyn, and
Parish-lane : the last fatal case occurred on October
6th, in a collier’s widow, aged 75, near the Flint mills.
Several families lost two members either by cholera
or diarrhoea.

6 to; 4. ; Mold. Pop. 10851. — Choi. 5;

Diarr. 4. — First death from cholera took place on
July 15th, a coachman, aged 42, at Maesydre : the
other cases occurred at intervals ; the last on Octo-
ber 3rd, when a labourer, aged 76, died at Mynnyd
Buchan.

DENBIGHSHIRE.

611 ; 1. Wrexham ; Hope. Pop. 8874. — Choi, o ;
Diarr. 2.

611 ; 2. ; Malpas. Pop. 7009. — Choi, o;

Diarr. 2.

611; 3. ; Ruahon. Pop. 11715. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 4. — This case of cholera was that of a quarry-
man, aged 34, at Rhosymedre. on September 1st.

61 1; 4. ; Wrexham. Pop. 11960. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 1 2. — First death from cholera on January 6th,
a nailor’s wife, aged 70, at Pentrefelin, where also the
second case occurred on June 1st; the other two
deaths took place at the Workhouse, on August 12th
and 15th. Diarrhoea prevailed most in February.

612; 1. Ruthin; Llanarmon. Pop. 3018.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

612; 2. ; Ruthin. Pop. 4592. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 2. — This case of cholera occurred on June 26th,
at Cerrig-street, Llandwrog, a labourer, aged 47.

612; 3. ; Llanelidan. Pop. 2785. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

61254. i Gyffylliog. Pop. 1481. — Cliol. o ;

Diarr. o.

61255. j Llanrhaidr. Pop. 2788. — Chol.o;

Diarr. o.

61256. ; Llandyrnog. Pop. 1945. — Chol.o

Diarr. o.

613; 1. St. Asaph ; St. Asaph. Pop. 9040.

Choi. 4 ; Diarr. 1. — All the deaths from cholera oc-
curred in Rhuddlan parish : the first, a mariner’s wife,
aged 29, on August 13th ; the last, a stonemason, aged
18, on September 3rd.

613; 2. ; Abergele. Pop. 5899. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

613; 3. ; Denbigh. Pop. 8608. — Choi. 0;

300

Notes on Cholera.

Diarr. II. — Diarrhoea prevailed most fatally in
March.

6x4; x. Llanrwst ; Lldnrwst. Pop. 6927.

Choi, o ; Diarr. 1.

6x4; 2. ; Bettws-y-coed. Pop. 2563.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o. ^

614; 3- ; Yspytty. Pop. 2832. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

MERIONETHSHIRE.

6x5; 1. Corvven ; Gwi/ddelwern. Pop. 5575.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

6x5; 2. ; Corwen. Pop. 9514. — Choi. 3;

Diarr. r. — All the deaths occurred at Llangollen : the
first two on August 7th, when a rockman and his
daughter died of cholera ; the third death from
cholera was that of a sawyer on August xoth.

616: 1. Bala; Bala. Pop. 6953. — Choi, o;
Diarr. 2.

6x7; 1. Dolgelly ; Talyllyn. Pop. 5021.

"ihol. o ; Diarr. o.

617; 2. ■; Barmouth. Pop. 8190. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

618; 1 . • Festiniog ; Llanfihangel- y - Traethau.
Pop. 3489. — Choi, o; Diarr. 1.

618; 2. . ; Festiniog. Pop. 6419. — Choi, o;

Diarr. r.

618; 3. ; Tremadoc. Pop. 5552. — Choi. 1 ;

Diarr. x. — This death from cholera occurred on
June i6th,at Portmadoc, in a master mariner, aged
31: he had suffered from diarrhcea from the pre-
vious day.

CARNARVONSHIRE.

619; 1. Pwllheli; Criccieth. Pop.. 5759.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera or.
August 20th, at Capelbach, a mason, aged 41 ; second
case on October 3rd, at Tyddyn Pertlii Abererch, a
farmer, aged 59.

6x9; 2. 4 Pwllheli. Pop. 6896. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

619; 3. ; Aberdaron. Pop. 4075. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

619; 4. ; Nevin. Pop. 4907. — Choi, o;

Diarr. o.

620; 1. Carnarvon ; Llan-dwrog. Pop. 8080. —
Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This death from cholera oc-
curred on January 27th, at Brynewra Clynnog ; a
fuller, aged 70.

620; 2. ; Llanrug. Pop. 7646. — Choi. 4;

Diarr. 1. — First fatal case of cholera on August 3rd,
in a mariner's widow, aged 60, at Port Dinorwic ;
last death, on September 28th, a quarryman’s son,
aged 12, at Machine Llanddeiniolen.

620; 3. Carnarvon ; Carnarvon. Pop. 9397. —
Choi. 16 ; Diarr. 4. — Cholera broke out fatally on
June 25th, when a surgeon’s son, aged 3 months,
died at Twthill : several deaths occurred at Turkey-

shore, and High-street. It prevailed until September
27, when a mariner’s wife, aged 58, died of cholera
combined with typhus, at the High-street.

620; 4. Carnarvon; Llanidan. Pop. 3386.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

621; 1. Bangor; Beaumaris. Pop. 9399.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. r. — First death from cholera on
August 5th, at the Gate-house, Llanedwen, a
stonemason, aged 60; second case, on August 25th,
at Bryn-y-Geifr, Llaudysilio, a female, aged 30.
Scarlet fever was prevalent.

621 ; 2. ; Bangor. Pop. 10242. — Choi. 4 ;

Diarr. 1. — First case of cholera on July 9th, at
Foundry-street, a labourer’s son, aged one; 2 deaths
took place at the Infirmary, the last on September
2nd, since which day no other fatal case is recorded.

621 ; 3. ; Llan-llechid. Pop. 6260.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

622; x. Conway; Conway. Pop. 2702. — Chol.o;
Diarr. 2 . — Une of the deaths from diarrhoea took
place at sea, on board the Runcorn schooner.

622; 2. ; Creuddyn. Pop. 6021. — Chol.o;

Diarr. 1.

622; 3. ~; Llechwedd-Isaf. Pop. 1 983

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

ANGLESEY.

623; 1. Anglesey; Llangefni. Pop. 6996.

Choi. 1 ; Diarr. o. — This death took place on July
14th, at Hermon, Llangadwaladr, a hawker, age
not stated : an inquest was held on the body.

623; 2. ; Bryngwran. Pop. 5106. — Choi. 1;

Diarr. 1. — The death from cholera occurred on July
2 x st, at Vronddu, a labourer’s wife, aged 57.

623 ; 3- ; L/andyfrydog. Pop. 5459.

Choi. 2 ; Diarr. 2. — First death from cholera on
August 5th, at Parcwilcoe, a labourer, aged 40;
second case on September 4th, at Seinbach, a
labourer, aged 33. The deaths from diarrhcea
occurred in the same family, at Hengapel.

623; 4. ; Amlwch. Pop. 8218. — Choi. 20;

Diarr. o. — Cholera was first fatal on September 3rd,
when a labourer, aged 53, died at the Brickfield,
Port, Almwch: it prevailed chiefly at the Port. The
last case took place on September 27th, at Chapel-
street, Port, a seaman’s daughter, aged 2. Nearly the
whole of the cases were uncertified by a medical
practitioner.

623; 5. ; Llanddausaint. Pop. 5873.

Choi, o ; Diarr. o.

623 ; 6. ; Holyhead. Pop. 6454. Choi. 42 ;

Diarr. o. — Cholera was first fatal on July 28th to a
smith, aged 32, at Lowerwell-street : it prevailed
most at Bath and Black Bridge : 7 deaths took
place at the Poorhouse ; a labourer's wife and
daughter died at Boncy Wane. Last death, on
October 20th, at Black Bridge, a seaman’s widow,
aged 54.

London : — Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford-street ;
For Iler Majesty’s Stationery Office.

•>?