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NUMBER 1
NEW SERIES VOL 38
October, 1920
•
The New
■
Carolina
Magazine
3
Price 20 Cents
In this Number
W. E. Horner, D. R. Hodgin, John S. Terry, G. B. Porter, C. W. Phillips Dan Byrd, P. A. Reavis, Jr., Phillip Hettleman, Geo. D. McCoy, Donnells Van Noppen, W. P. Hudson, Dr. A. H. Patterson, Dr. L. A. Williams.
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Society Brand Clothes
Sold exclusively by
Vanftory Clothing Co.
Greensboro, N. C.
UNIVERSITY AGENCY
Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Co.
Insure in the leading company of the South and at the same time let your dollars remain at home. Ask Cy Thompson how?
Our Motto:
"A bigger and better State" "A bigger and better South "
When a young man signs a contract with the SOUTHERN LIFE AND TRUST CO., we don't pat him on the back, turn him loose and tell him to "go to it". We give him a course in our Training School, and then keep in touch with him and help overcome his weak points and strengthen his strong points. As a result, our Training School graduates are making good. Ask for particulars.
Southern Life and Trust Company
Greensboro, N. C.
A. W. McALISTER, Pres. ARTHUR WATT, Secretary
R. G. VAUGHN, 1st V-Pres. H. B. GUNTER, Agency Mgr. A. M. SCALES, 2nd V-Pres. T. D. BLAIR, Ass't Agency Mgr.
Text -Books, Note Books Stationery, Fountain Pens Full Line Athletic Goods Tennis Rackets Restrung
French Shriner and Urner Shoes
Kahn Tailored-to-Measure Clothes
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"STUDENT OUTFITTERS"
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Wfa Spirit of tf)e Untoergttp
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HAT seems important at this moment to you as a group,- — and as individual persons, infinitely confident, strong", lovable, am- bitious,— is what it is that has brought you here away from the shops, the fields, the sea, the streets, where the vast ma- jority of men of your age are making the grim struggle for success in the rough terms of actual life; what it is that you
have put your faith in that has led you to come and enlist for four precious
years under this standard.
.... The great question that you bring to the University today is the question that the young man came to the Master with — "What shall I do to inherit life?" — the larger, abundant life that will satisfy all of the finer pas- sions of my life.
.... And the answer of the University to your question — as the an- swer of the greatest of human institutions to the greatest of human ques- tions— is the same as that of the Master.
It answers, play the game according to the rules but it, too, adds that this is only incidental. . The education that it offers you is not in reality a mass of facts, a degree, a curriculum. Above and bevond all of that it, too, is an attitude, an atmosphere, a way of life. It is the way of life based on the innate passion for the intelligent way of doing things. It is the intellectual way of life, and it declares that curiosity, the spirit of free inquiry, the pas- sion to know, is as natural in a human being as the desire to breathe or to eat. It declares its faith in the controlling- power of the mind to find the best path in the confusions that beset a man's path, and "its superiority in contrast with every other power, and in its technique, because it can be applied to every undertaking not only in studies, but in industry, in public life, in business, in sport, in politics, in society and religion."
To become a true University man it is necessary to come into this way of looking at things. Tt does not mean the abandonment of any legitimate sort of happiness whatsoever, nor the loss of any freedom. The adventure of discovering and liberating one's mind, far from being a dull and dreary performance, is the most thrilling of all youthful adventures. There is no | question of self-punishment or external discipline but only the freedom of
becoming one's own master, instead of a slave to the tyranny of one's low and cheap desires. To come into this insight is to see this organized dis- covery of the mind that we call education, not as learning, but as a love of I knowledge, not as a matter of being industrious, but of loving industry, not
I as a matter of giving us a good start toward a middle-age success, but to
£ enable us to keep growing, and so lay hold on the eternal spring of life. What
;: the. University stands for is this natural loyalty to truth, to work, to life at
| its fullest and best that comes through the intellectual way of life. Its faith
is through that way it may lead men into the richest and most abundant ex- | pression of their best selves. Its mission, therefore, is to lead them to come
to themselves in the highest degree, and so through whatever happy travail of spirit to be "born again." In this way, the University is truly our Alma
I Mater — mother of the best in men.
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The New Carolina Magazine
Published by the Dialectic and Philanthropic Literary Societies of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C.
Old Series Vol. 5 1
Number 1
New Series Vol. 38
Contributing Editors
G. B. PORTER
W. W. STOUT
JONATHAN DANIELS
F. J. LIIPFERT
W. P. HUDSON
HUBERT HEFFNER
W. E. HORNER
R. C. DORSETTE
Editor-in-Chief TYRE TAYLOR, Di.
Business Manager R. C. DORSETTE, Phi.
.Assistant Editor
PHILLIP HETTLEMAN, Phi.
Assistant Business Managers
R. E. BOYD
W. E. MATHEWS
Associate Editors
C. T. BOYD. Di.
W. L. BLYTHE, Di.
C. W. PHILLIPS, Di.
P. A. REAVIS, JR., Phi.
DAN BYRD, Phi.
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Contents
October, 1920
Page
The Spirit of the University — E. K. Graham 1
Editorial 3
OPINION AND COMMENT
Screwing 'em in North Carolina — W . E. Homer .... 6
The Lie About Russia — D. R. Hodgin 7
Our Educational Outlook — Dr. L. A. Williams 8
A More Human Relationship Between Capital and Labor — Tyre C. Taylor 9
The Eight-Hour Day — D. R. Hodgin 11
Barn Dances and Bolshevism — Tyre Taylor. 12
A Little Man and A Big Scheme — P. Hettlcman 14
The New Era and Peace — P. A. Reavis, Jr... 16
Y. M. C. A.—Donnell Van Noppen 17
CHATS ON SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS
Science vs. Art — W. P. Hudson.... 18
The Future of the Aeroplane 19
Mathematical Cats — Dr. A. H. Patterson 20
Spirits of Turpentine..... 20
SHORT STORIES, SKETCHES AND VERSE
In Flanders' Fields — J. S. Terry 20
Let Joy Be Unconfined — Garland B. Porter 21
Sonnet Accompanying A Volume of Keats — John S. 'Terry , 27
The Promised Land — (Verse) — D. R. Hodgin.... 27
"Big Tom" Wilson and the Finding of the Body of Professor Mitchell —
Geo. D. McCoy 28
TO OUR PATRONS
The Carolina Magazine is strictly a college publication. No copyrighted material will in- received, no article will be paid for, and all material carried in The Carolina Magazine is released for the press directly upon publication. The Board reserves the right to revise to a limited degree any manuscript submitted, but will not publish revised articles until consent of author is obtained. Address all contributions to Tyre Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, Carolina Magazine, Chapel Hill, N. C.
Subscription price $1.50 a year — 20 cents a copy
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:. THE NEW CAROLINA MAGAZINE /.
Old Series Vol. 5 1
OCTOBER, 1920
New Series Vol. 38
Editorial
To the New Men
SEVERAL hundreds of you men are now striving to get your bearings in a new and somewhat strange environment. The authority of parent and high school teacher has been replaced by the liberty of thought and action that comes with a self-imposed, self -regulated plan of student government. You are thrown, young gentlemen, entirely upon your own resources and told to conduct yourself as gentlemen should, however that may be. The results of such a system can be easily imagined. Such freedom is too much for some individuals. They go wild chiefly because the opportunity for going wild has offered itself. They fail to think.
But why not think? You know that if you cheat, gamble, or get drunk that you will be expelled from the University in disgrace. This is a system where the undesirable units are at once got rid of that the whole may be kept sweet and clean. But think! That's not the whole picture of the Carolina plan of student government. Do not imagine for an instant that the Honor System only extends to work in the class room or that your neighbor is constantly watching you to report the slightest offense, for such is not the case. The Honor System is self-imposed, is the very essence of democracy, is only as strong as the weakest conscience in this group of men. Its appeal is to the highest part of a man's nature, — its challenge to your manhood itself. Necessarily, such a system permeates the very life of the men on this campus. Under it men become rugged of honesty, mighty of purpose, and strong to do the right as dictated by their own higher selves.
Therefore, at once get the spirit of the game ! Fight and strive mightily, but don't hit below the belt. It's not the Carolina way and besides it does not pay in the long run. And again: Carolina extends you her heartiest welcome: A welcome to all the fine things you may learn and accomplish during your stay here ; a welcome to gather to yourself the dignity and prestige of her name, and a challenge — to become one of her loyal sons and to "carry on" the ideals and traditions that have made this campus itself almost a thing of the spirit.
— T. C. T.
Violated Faith
TO return to a normal state of affairs does not mean the going back to a pre-war status. What was entirely normal in 1914 would prove highly ab- normal and unnatural now. This is so because the world has changed materially in the last six years.
But, certain gentlemen who aspire to the leadership of the nation are fearful of the consequences. They
shudder at being more than a clodhopper when logically we should play the role of leading citizens in the community of nations. The pioneering program of idealism as outlined by the president has been swept aside in a floodtide of reaction. Our leaders have turned their faces to the long ago and there have dug up issues and questions for our considera- tion that we were already tired of when we came into the world. Civilization is being crowded bodily back into the narrow and oppressive grooves whose fetidness and soreness were the cause of the flare-up in 1914. It will remain there until the next confla- gration when more promises will be made and more promises will be broken.
Why? The reasons are many and varied. Mr. Wilson was probably the main cause for the defeat of his league and treaty. The call for a democratic congress with the result that a majority of republi- cans were elected ; various mistakes of the White House which served to discredit the league in the eyes of hard-headed Americans: the opportunity of the republicans to make political stock out of an issue that the parties should not be divided on, and lastly the sordid prejudices of a great many otherwise fair- minded people ; these are some of the reasons why the league stands rejected. Meanwhile the solemn promises made to those who fell in battle remain unkept. The new order has not grown from the old as promised. Our leaders have deceived us — have lied, but the dead remain dead and the spent treasure and blood remains spent. Those who lied, however, are with us still.
— T. C T.
What of the School Teachers
WHAT do we, as college students, mean by edu- cation?' What is our job, and how are we to perform it ? Let us come directly to the point.
Every person of reason will readily admit that any structure to be counted a good one must have a good foundation. Here in North Carolina we spend a considerable sum for the advancement of higher learning. Colleges are being added to in equipment and teaching forces. Numbers of college students have increased from hundreds to thousands, and this, we submit, is all very well. But here a difficulty arises. Less than one per cent of school pupils ever graduate from college. This means less than one from every hundred. Consider that carefully, and then think how much is spent for public school education in comparison to college education. There is no comparison.
Then what is the trouble and how are we to remedy it? Out of a class of one hundred graduates from Carolina only six become school teachers. The trouble
The Carolina Magazine
is not far to find : they are not paid enough to justify taking up the work of teaching as a permanent profession. How many teachers pay an income tax? How many own a car more expensive than the ordinary Lizzie ? Yet they are doing the greatest work in the land.
The children of any nation are its greatest asset. Then how should that greatest asset he treated ? Cer- tainly the present system with its hoary-headed iniquities must be corrected. The children must he better prepared to live and the teachers must be paid more. Bigger pav means better workmen.
— C. W. P.
Their Backbones: May They be Stiffened
THE State of North Carolina owes equality of opportunity to its citizenship. It is not a matter of charity to be doled out ; it is a sacred duty, the performance of which should constitute the highest aim of her legislators and statesmen.
And yet, in the supremely important matter of education — the handmaid of opportunity — we continue only half awake. Our representatives at Raleigh are seized with an attack of spinal jellyfishitis ; they are cowed by fear of the displeasure of their constituents into denying sorely needed funds for this function of a democratic government. This University has turned away hundreds this year for lack of room; the North Carolina College for Women at Greensboro has done the same thing. The door of equal oppor- tunity has been closed in the faces of a thousand North Carolina citizens this year because the men at Raleigh lacked courage to do their duty.
And what, in the end, does it all amount to? It comes to this : We are grasping at the pennies and letting the dollars — the greater material prosperity and happiness — slip ; we are literally saving at the spile and losing at the bung. But that is not the worse part of it. Such a policy of parsimony, if indulged in for any considerable period of time, will un- doubtedly undermine the very system we are striving to preserve. It cuts away at the roots of equality of opportunity, and when that is threatened, it's high time something were being done.
— C. W. P.
The New North Carolina
FOR a long time the people of the nation have considered the Old North State as one of the backward commonwealths of the Union. When a state successful in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and several other phases of industrial life was thought of, it was most generally not North Carolina.
But the story is now changed. Those pioneers who toiled and suffered even to live took the far view and, thanks to their vision, a newer and more splendid Carolina is the result. North Carolina has grown until she is now above the age of childhood. Irvin S. Cobb said of her that he thought her once asleep and dreaming, but that actual investigation proved
this a very erroneous supposition. He mentioned such cities as Winston-Salem, Greensboro, Durham, Char- lotte, and others as model thriving towns ; towns teem- ing with new industries, growing in wealth and popu- lation, and alive with a spirit of progress and advance- ment. North Carolina is no longer weak and helpless. Her representatives in the national capitol are no longer ignored as they once were, and in the tremen- dous battle with the Virginia cities over discriminatory freight rates we see the Tar Heels coming off with a brilliant victory to their credit. The winning of this one fight will mean many millions of dollars added annually to the wealth of North Carolina. The total increase of population in our cities will probably go above twenty per cent ; every industry is planning to enlarge its facilities, and, unlike almost every other section of the country, North Carolina is scarcely bothered at all with labor troubles. Lastly, but by no means least, her educational system has grown from one of the poorest in the country to one of the best and most widely known. In a word, North Carolina has aroused herself from what is generallv termed a dormant existence and has come into the fight for wealth and prosperity with gloves off.
—Dan Byrd.
A Sorry Spectacle
CHARLES EVANS HUGHES remarked a few weeks ago that we often made a sorry spectacle in our efforts at self-government. The more one considers it, the more one becomes convinced that he spoke the truth. Our government does not and never has met with the success that its founders expected for it. The very principles of liberty and freedom have been distorted until they no longer mean what they once meant. With them one almost instinctively associates politics, machine-made representation, laws shielding the few at the expense of the many, and men buying their way into official positions of influ- ence and power.
Take a concrete illustration of a case where we have made the "sorry spectacle" of which the ex-Chief Justice spoke. The price of sugar, when one can get it at all, is around thirty cents per pound. The facts are that somewhere someone is making an enormous and outrageous profit on sugar. What has this to do with (be subject in hand, you ask. Logi- cally it has everything to do with it. Our government, von contend, was founded to insure the welfare and best interests of the people as a whole. Then if an insignificant minority runs the price of sugar up so that the majority suffers, have not the people the right to protect themselves? Self-preservation is a funda- mental law. And how are they to correct this and other abuses unless through the agency they have set up for that very purpose, the government? Why, then, does not the government control the price of sugar now just as in war-time ; the right to the pursuit of happiness with regard to buying sugar at a reasonable price did not change with the signing of the armistice, and yet the attitude of the government did. I see no break in any of these steps of reasoning that would seem to show why
The Carolina Magazine
we should not have government-control of the neces- sities of life so long as such control is needed to protect the people from almse at the hands of profiteers. The answer of paternalism and the desirability of a Laissez-faire policy of individual freedom does not hold good for our form of govern- ment because our government is the people. Whatever is done can only be done with the consent and approval of an overwhelming majority of the whole population. Tyranny can exist only to those who seek to work to the detriment of the majority. And yet, we allow these abuses to continue year after year and our government plays a policy of hands- ofif .... for political reasons. Truly, it is a sorry spectacle.
— T. C. T.
It would seem that a chemical laboratory, where all kinds and sorts of fumes and gases are liberated each day, should be supplied with an abundance of fresh air. However, for some reason probably known to the architect who planned the structure, the large windows in the laboratory section of the Chemistry Building cannot be raised. They are built in perfectly solid with only a small round hole above the windows that can be opened to allow fresh air to enter or foul air to escape. The result is that, by the time the last laboratory group has finished in the afternoon, the atmosphere is loaded with foul odors, heavy with a variety of gases — some of which are poisonous — and totally unfit for human beings to breathe. If there is any good reason for this we are prepared to accept it as all other necessary evils that cannot be corrected, but why are these windows not opened ? It would take a carpenter only a short time to equip them with hinges so that the air could be allowed to enter and many a headache would be avoided. For the sake of the health of the large number of men who take courses in chemistry here, something ought to be done about it.
To The Carolina Magazine: I believe that one of the greatest experiences that can come into the life of a college man of the South is the ten days Y. M. C. A. Summer Conference at Blue Ridge. The conference campus itself is one of the most delightful spots in the North Carolina mountains. It looms back against the broad breast of High Top and looks across the lovely Swanannoa valley straight to the great domes of Craggy, Blackstock Knob, and Greybeard behind which old Mitchell hides her mam- moth head and back. From so wide a prospect of ever-varying beauty one may pass in one minute into the cool deep solitude of the mountain forest with its galax, its flowering rhododendron, and its rushing streams. "Sunrise and sunsets from the tops of the mountains — the cordial of ^outh — the challenge of the spirit ; dreams and blue skies and distances and forests and ferns and wild flowers," — that is Blue Ridge.
But it is more : There each Summer gather the thrice-choice youth of all the Southern colleges in study and sport and the air is electric with frank, clear thinking on the highest level. "There is always a breath of freedom in the air." Men have there a chance to see what is true and tell it ; to open their hearts and doors with a free hospitality to truth ; to stir into flame the God-spark that is within them. They leave those hills with a challenge to set the world on fire with the spirit of power and love and of an open mind.
Blue Ridge crowns out the college year with a bigger vision of life's task and the possibilities of Christian manhood that cannot be found anywhere else.
I believe in Blue Ridge !
— W. R. Wunsch.
Chapel Hill needs an airplane landing field.
Get to the game on time is the first thing. Then pull for the team when you do get there and, if it's defeat, keep a "stiff upper lip." These are some of the things that are expected of dyed-in-the-wool Caro- lina men. It's this spirit that has made our athletic contests one string of victories after another all down the years.
The Human Side of O. Henry
The intense human interest of O. Henry's short stories is known to everyone. What is not so generally known is that the writer of these inimitable pieces of fiction was himself the possessor of such qualities as he has woven into the personality of his characters. For next time we have asked Dr. Archibald Henderson to pour some sidelights on the character and disposition of this fascinating man.
READ IT IN THE NOVEMBER NUMBER
Screwing 'em in North
Carolina
"One hundred thousand Republicans are robbed of part of the liberty and voice in the
government guaranteed them by the Constitution. Three-fifths of the voters
hold practically all the power. Old Man Gerrymander is pretty solidly
intrenched in North Carolina, and the only thing ivhich will
give him a black eye is a great upheaval of
public opinion."
By IV. E. Horner
(An Independent)
IN North Carolina, Democrats have become so well versed in the gentle art of counting out Republican votes that when Congressmen are elected, the 100,000 Republicans, who election after election steadfastly vote for their party nominees, might as well save themselves the time and trouble expended thereby. Just as many Republicans would get to Congress if not a single Republican vote was cast in any district except the Tenth, because the other nine districts con- tain such a preponderance of Democrats that their opponents have absolutely no show.
The rule of the majority has long since become an accepted fact in America, but when the majority is obtained by use of the gerrymander the rule loses its true significance. In nine of the ten Congressional Districts in North Carolina, the Democrats have a sufficient majority to prevent much worry on their part as to whether their candidate will be elected. But as these majorities are obtained by a more or less lavish use of the gerrymander, it is small wonder that each reapportionment law either directly or in- directly benefits the party in power.
Great strength may be gained in a particular dis- trict by the Republicans; in fact, they may even be- come stronger than the Democrats, but the Repub- licans, when they come together for their caucus be- fore the opening of the next session of Congress will little note the presence of a Republican member from a hitherto Democratic District in North Carolina. The reason is plain. The North Carolina Legislature, by a judicious reapportionment law, has absolutely crushed the newly-acquired strength of the Republic- ans in the district where they were making their pres- ence too obnoxious.
This procedure has been repeated so many times in North Carolina that an enterprising man should be able to make quite a bit of money with a new rainy- day game for children entitled: "Put North Carolina Together, or The Mysterious Jumble of the Congres- sional Districts." This game would consist of ten pieces of vari-colored cardboard representing the dif- ferent districts, and any child could find a few minutes amusement putting the puzzle together.
During the last six years, only one Republican has represented North Carolina in the House of Repre- sentatives. True, he was elected twice, but he only got his seat the last time the day before Congress
was adjourned. A system of proportional representa- tion would have given the Republicans twelve seats in the six years. It is clear that strong Republican sec- tions are being manipulated and manceuvered to dis- tricts where their vote will be completely overshad- owed by the Democratic vote.
In four districts, the Republican vote is negligible; in five it is from one-half to four-fifths as large as the Democratic; in only one — the Tenth — is the Repub- lican vote able successfully to combat the Democratic. The gerrymander is to be thanked for this extraordi- nary preponderance of Democratic votes in every dis- trict except one. If the limits of the Congressional Districts were natural and logical boundaries of sep- arate and distinct sections there would be nothing amazing about the matter. But the fact that the boundaries of the districts are only superficial ones — in short, that they are determined by political ex- pediency— explains the phenomenon of nine solid Democratic districts.
"Everything for the Democrats and damn the Re- publicans" is the creed of the Democrats. Nor is this applicable only to them. Exchange the names of the parties and the Republicans will swear allegiance to it. These creeds would never be just, but they would be more so if the parties were evenly matched. But they are not. Therefore, being stronger, the Demo- crats take the whole cheese and leave the Republicans not even the rind. This is a matter of grave public importance because 100,000 Republicans are robbed of part of the liberty and voice in the government guaranteed them by the Constitution. Three-fifths of the voters hold practically all the power, insofar as Congress has power. The other two-fifths who happen to be on the wrong side of the fence, and who are en- titled to their share of the power get absolutely none except in the years when one of their number gets "sent up" from the Tenth. Two-fifths of the citizens are in political slavery to the other three-fifths, and such a state of affairs cannot continue indefinitely even if the parties, together with the power that goes with them, were to be exchanged periodically, the one with the other.
The gerrymander lias become such a fixture in North Carolina that each reapportionment causes no great outburst of public sentiment against the party which engineers the measure. In fact, except in the
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7
speeches of those of the Republicans who are striving toward the attainment of political honor, no notice is taken of this, to all intents and purposes, deprival of the right of suffrage which the members of the weaker party should have. Nor does the weaker party merit sympathy, because were he in control of the Legislature, similar gerrymanders favoring his party would be put through.
Old Man Gerrymander is pretty solidly entrenched in North Carolina. The only thing which will give him a black eye is a great upheaval of public opinion. And this upheaval must have for its ultimate end, justice not only for the party but also for the indi- vidual. So long as the people remain uneducated and careless of their political heritage, such an up- heaval is remote. But some day, perhaps, a cartoonist can show the typical figure representing the people throwing off another of his many shackles, and this
one will be labelled "The Gerrymander."
No matter what your political faith may be, if you believe in clean sportsmanship and fair play, you are down on the gerrymander as practiced by the Demo- crats in North Carolina. Its guiding principle is in- iquitous, and the evil effects growing out of its con- tinued practice are visible on every side. It undermines faith in party government and tends to keep one po- litical group in power for an indefinite period of time. In marking off congressional districts no natural geographical or logical lines are followed. As in the Seventh and Eighth districts in this State, they are carved out to suit the political bosses. The gerry- mander subverts and defeats the constitution which guarantees to every man the right to be represented in the affairs of his government. It is a lasting stain and disgrace on North Carolina politics.
The Editor.
The Lie About Russia
By D. R. Hodgin
Rl
USSIA stands at' the judgment bar of public opinion, condemned in the eyes of what we are pleased to call the civilized world. She has been tried by the court of the howling mob, and because she had attempted something new, because she tried to be different, because she sought freedom and self- government in her own way, Russia has been found wanting. The evidence arrayed against her is ap- palling. Propaganda, that great modern instrument of torture and falsehood, as well as of enlightenment and truth, has been called in to make sure that the ver- dict will be an uncompromising "Guilty !"
What is the accusation brought against this new Russian government? Does not the law say that the defendant is entitled to know the nature of the charge? What is the case against Russia?
There is none! Soviet Russia has not meddled with the affairs of the outside "civilized" world. If she has harmed anyone, it has been her own self in her efforts to find her bearings. She has merely at- tempted to set up a government to her own liking, and in her own way. She has aimed at neither less nor more than did the Americans in 1776, and the French in 1789.
Is this, then the crime of which Russia stands ac- cused, convicted, and condemned — that she aspired to liberty and self-government? Has the day come when Americans and Frenchmen hold self-government un- democratic, and liberty a crime? In the words of Patrick Henry, that great prophet of the American Revolution, "No! God forbid!"
Is the parallel objectionable to the modern mind? Is it an unnatural comparison, this placing alongside these three dates of 1776, 1789, and 1917?
No! For each marks the birth of freedom of a na- tion, the emancipation of a people. Each ushers in a
new period in the history of a race, driving out the old regime of autocracy and oppression. We have seen that each new birth has been accompanied by many pangs, by much suffering and travail. There has been great excess, useless violence, and lamentable use of license in the name of liberty. There is no attempt and no desire to hide these facts, shameful as they are, indicative as they are of the brute and the barbarian that still live in man.
The French Revolution made a world turn sick with horror. In the eyes of the world the French were a race gone mad, and the nations turned from her with fear and disgust. The Reign of Terror came and went, and left destruction in its wake, — destruc- tion not only of the exteriors of civilization, but of hopes and ideals. And yet, there was the under-cur- rent ; there was something that few saw — there was the voice of the people, speaking in a language which they themselves did not understand, but which was to acquire deeper and truer meaning with the coming age.
We see it all now. Now that the fire has consumed the dross, we see the pure gold that lay underneath. We see France, a martyr to the cause of freedom, redeemed. We now see in the proper perspective. We were too close then ; we were blinded by the false realities, and could not see the coming truth.
Who is there to say that Russia may not follow in the foot-steps of France and America? He who ventures to say either yes or no, can be but a false prophet ; for he cannot know. Time, alone, the test of all experiments, all dreams, will tell.
But, in the meantime, is there nothing for us to do? Yes! We may cease our Toryism and our Prussianism, and leave Russia to work out her own salvation. We cannot save her ; she must do it alone. If there is truth and right in the Soviet
8
The Carolina Magazine
system, it will be demonstrated ; if it is wrong, the system will fail. If Russia is ripe for Anarchy, that, too, it is her privilege and her right to try. It is her problem.
Is it possible that the American people can look upon Russia with other than a feeling of love and sympathy? We, too, have known trying times. Russia has endured for centuries things that we tolerated only for a few decades. She endured for one hundred and fifty years longer than we. When she came to the breaking point, it was inevitable that she should become hysterical, mad, insane with the joy of her new-found freedom. It is a natural law of heredity that the child of unhappiness and disease should be deformed. Would you blame the child? No ! There is no blame but the ignorance which man has not yet outgrown. The Old Regime dies hard. Always, in the history of a people, it has been attacked, slowly torn down, and cast into the fire. The Russian people are in the crucible. The good must come out ; the ill will be consumed. This is a law which has never failed. Will it fail now ?
And yet, Russia is not as black, or, to use the new expression, as red, as she is painted. Russian Bolshe- vism is not anarchy. The Soviet government conducts neither an inquisition nor an orgy of murdering. We are fed with lies. The "Truth About Russia" that we see in our newspapers is true only of certain sections, for which the government is not directly responsible. There have been riots in the United States also.
Let us introduce one more witness who will tell the "truth about Russia" ; this time one who knows what he is talking about.
Major-General William S. Graves, Commander-in- Chief of the American Expeditionary Forc,\ which recently evacuated Siberia, says :
"Bolshevism is a word that is sadly misconstrued in the United States. At the mention of a Bolshevik, the people instantly conjure up a mental picture of a frowzy anarchist, with a bomb in one hand and a torch in the other. But the Bolsheviki in Russia are working for peace and the good of the country. In my belief they are trying to be eminently fair and just to the people. They have deplored the mur- der and bloodshed which took place before they first came into power, and are doing everything possible lo stamp this out."
Without explanation or apology, this is offered as yet another version of the "truth about Russia."
The Soviet system is the laughing-stock of the world. So was democracy, in the eighteenth century.
It is new, different, therefore wrong, says the old regime. But enlightened thought does not thus jump at conclusions. Maybe ; but wait, says intelligence, and draw conclusions after all the facts have been presented. If we are content with our democracy; if we have found the perfect government, let us keep it. If Russia finds the Soviet best suited to her needs, let us congratulate her.
Who knows what the future holds in store? Out of Russia, poor, starved, barren, war-riddled Russia, may yet come the salvation of the world. Her illiterate, lowly people have a vision. The path they pursue may lead to chaos ; there is a chance that it leads to the Promised Land.
Our Educational Outlook
WE have in North Carolina established by court decision the idea that universal education is a necessity to be administered by state government. In like manner we have proved that equal opportunity for an education must be provided to all the children of all the people by the state government, and further, that this opportunity must include not only elementary but secondary and higher instruction as well. By legal enactment we have recognized the right of our chil- dren to receive this education and we have further protected them from their own and their parents' shortsightedness by making a minimum period of at- tendance compulsory. So have we reached bed rock in the erection of our educational temple.
Our public schools have become an established fact, we have provided sufficient legal enactment to assure their perpetuity. Our next problem is to fill pupils, teachers, administrators with the love of truth and the spirit of truth-seeking, to interpret beauty and righteousness in terms of daily life and living, to weave our institution of education into the very life fabric of our American civilization.
To this end we need men of vision, of originality, of initiative, and above all men trained to a high de- gree of skill as teachers, as administrators, as general directors in this great educational program.
The public school is no longer an eleemosynary in- stitution, the teacher no longer an object of charity. Social position is assured to the teacher, and economic independence is made certain. Today the teacher leads and public education points the way to social and eco- nomic independence. The next step must be the de- velopment of teachers and administrators trained to do skillfully a big job.
L. A. Williams.
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Why Do Girls Close Their Eyes When You
Kiss 'Em?
No one seemed willing to throw any light on this rather personal subject until we agreed not to publish the true name of the writer and then we were overwhelmed with offers to "tell in a thousand words" just why girls do act sa strangely.
READ IT IN THE NOVEMBER NUMBER
A More Human Relationship Between
Capital and Labor
By Tyre Taylor
If one were called upon to describe in one word the general industrial situation in this country for the twelve months just past, the word "confusion" would probably be chosen as most nearly representing actual conditions. No matter in which direction one looks, whether to the North, South, East, or West the spec- tacle of profound unrest and dissatisfaction is every- where apparent. A perplexing line of so- cial a n d industrial problems has emerged from the thinning mists of the late mighty conflit,, and now looms upon the horizon with a threat- ening signifiance. Po- litical issues the m- selves change almost overnight, as it were, — while many of the old iron-bound moss- covered quest ions about which raged the campaigns of the past have been completely submerged from sight in the sea fo domestic difficulties that w e have "fallen heir to." Statesmen recognize
as never before that we are in the very midst of a world so- cial upheaval ; that certain irresistible forces are in the mak- ing,— that on this con- tinent, in the year of
Grace, Nineteen Hundred and Twenty, a nation is being born.
What is the most vital fact in America today ? What single outstanding big thing can we place our hand upon and say with confidence that it alone is at the bottom of 90% of all our troubles? Is it not the industrial unrest ? What significance do five thousand strikes in a single year contain for us as a people? These strikes were, as is well known, in the face of the fact that the h.c.l. has increased steadily since the war ended, and that suffering in some of the larger centers of population has already reached an acute stage. Nor is this condition limited to any one section of country. The same state of unrest that exhibited itself in the steel strike in Pennsylvania is familiar to the people of California; indeed wherever industry operated there will be found a spirit of almost belligerent dissatisfaction. Here we
The new system in industry has come to stay. We have no time for old methods. Production and yet more production is our supreme need now. . . .
Since we are dealing with a most intense hu- man problem, only those methods which flex and bend as the human equation itself differs can prove a success
Spirit can carry into execution a successful strike; it can also, if properly guided, make of a great business organization the very acme of happy contented efficiency
The employer who regards labor as a com- modity to be bought and sold at the lowest mar- ket prices is postponing the day when we shall see our labor troubles settled. .... The laboring man asks for bread and we hand him a stone — and expect him to remain satisfied with it. . . .
Democracy, the incentive of the home builder, the compelling force of mutual trust and friend- ship, in these may we base our hopes for better things.
have a great and virile people trembling on the borders of their own country ready to rush forth and over- whelm the world in the battle for commercial supremacy. We have the natural resources ; we have the necessary factories, — we have unlimited money. The stage is all set for a conquest of world trade unparalled in the history of any country. Even the
ships are ready to carry our cargoes to the four corners of t h e earth w here strange people look to America for the whereithal to feed and clothe their hun- gry millions. Then suddenly this great b 1 i n d unreasoning fore bobs up in our path, and confusion reigns in the midst of well-wrought plans ; the Reds become ex- traordinarily active ; our dreams of con- quering world trade are all but shattered. Yes, the most vital fact in America to- day is the industrial unrest, for it affects not us alone, but the w hole world. Its cause we may now consider.
Our present troubles undoubtedly send their roots back through the centuries to that old Industrial Revolution wherein was intro- duced the factory system. It was in those days that the machine displaced the individual, that flesh and blood first gave place to the more durable steel and iron. For the first time human effort and intelligence met its defeat at the hands of the steam engine and water-wheel. Strange things now being to happen : Individual workmen rise up with unexpected fury and demolish the things which, though called blessings of humanity, yet threaten to rob hi mof his means of mak- ing a living. Two new classes, known today as capital and labor, suddenly spring into existence. But stranger and more tragic still is the influence that the introduction of the factory system had on the home life of the time and continues to exert to this day. I quote from a famous historian ; he is speaking of the invention of machinery : "The result is the erection of great factories, into which hundreds and
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thousands of workmen tile every morning at the sound of the whistle, to work until the whistle shall blow again at the close of the day .... the weaver now spends his days in the factory and goes home to sleep in the tenement house .... nor is factory work as pleasant as home work. The old weaver had been able to hear his children laugh as he plied the shuttle ; he could choose his own hours and divide the time between the garden and the loom .... yet it was not the full grown man that suffered most, but rather the woman and child .... broken threads were mended more deftly by the nimble fingers of women and chil- dren .... so the women left their homes and the children left their play to work in the mines and factories .... As a result of which shrewd investors acquired great wealth which in turn gave them weight in politics." There we have a very good picture of the old regime in industry. Is it any wonder that the men who were chained to such a sys- tem should grasp desperately at anything which gave promise of bettering their condition? Need we go further in search of a cause WHY the labor union exists today, — or WHY the laboring man has for a century or more been a very discontented individual? But we must face the facts squarely. A tirade against the present system in industry will avail us nothing, for it has come to stay. We have no time for old methods; production and yet more production is our supreme need now. We must replenish the depleted supply of everything ; the efficiency of mod- ern methods is the only way to do this. What, then, is the solution of the problem?
It might be well for us to pause a moment and con- sider a few basic facts that we have to start off on. First, it should be remembered that we are dealing with a problem the essentials of which the late war did not change. Such things as the immutable laws of supply and demand are without the pale of human influence ; no sort of social or economic upheaval can change them. Likewise must we realize that since we are dealing with a most intensely human problem, only methods that flex and bend as the human equa- tion itself differs can prove a success. What I mean by this is that no rigid formula or printed set of rules can be applied as a universal remedy for all our troubles. Machinery has brought about a problem thai machinery cannot solve
Well, then, if the introduction of machinery re- moved the human element from industry, and if, as is generally admitted, the factory system is at the bottom of our present ills, it would seem that mi the rehumani- zation of industry lies the remedy we are looking for. A more human relationship between capita! and labor, if you please, — a definite reinjection of the things the present system has taken away, — these must be the means by which we may arrive at the desired end. But how are we to do it?
To begin with, any real human relationship is based on democracy. By this I do not mean a labor dicta- torship; no minority, however powerful, should be able to subvert and defeat the rights of the majority. There must be a mutual surrendering of rights in the interests of the common welfare. Indeed, when one arch of any genuine effort at social betterment. The
interesting question first brought to prominence by Mr. Vanderlip of whether the regulation plate-glass and mahogany furnishings of the modern office are conducive to the spirit of democracy we believe to be unimportant. The big thing to consider in dealing with any group of men is the spirit in which one goes about it. Particularly in the relationships between em- ployer and employee complete democracy must prevail if there is to be harmony between the two. It is with respect to this that most employers are apt to be mis- led into a false attitude towards those under them. Strange as it may seem, heads of business who are the foremost champions of democracy in community and civic affairs completely forget or ignore these funda- mentals when dealing with their men. Now this is all wrong. It is just as possible to make the eternal and unchanging principles of democracy laid down by Rousseau, Washington, and Lincoln a living vital force in the life of even the humblest worker as it is to crush that woiker and make of him a human auto- maton. Democratic methods in industry are a direct and ringing appeal to the spirit of man ; it is the practical everyday application of the principles of lib- erty, equality, and fraternity. Spirit can carry into execution a successful strike ; it can also, if properly guided, make of a great business organization the very acme of happy contented efficiency.
But I hasten to the second means by which a more human relationship between capital and labor may be promoted. Lincoln, powerful exponent of democracy that he was, has also with his usual extraordinary in- sight and homely common sense placed his finger upon the very heart of our situation today. Make it pos- sible for every citizen to own his own home, he says ; by these means he will be persuaded to respect the rights of others in order that he may claim a like re- spect in return. The wisdom of such a course in in- dustry can readily be seen. Modern business has out- grown itself. Not only has machinery dehumanized industry from the standpoint of substituting the fac- tory and tenement house for the individual shop and home, but it has also through a system of standardiza- tion and piece-manufacture stifled the age-old creative spirit in man. Work that was formerly an interesting expression of individuality has become monotonous drudgery devoid of anything that is calculated to challenge the personal initiative and creative spirit of the workers. Since we must of necessity stick to mod- ern methods for the sake of quantity production, is it not obvious then, that the worker's interest must have some outside outlet if he is to remain contented and comes to consider it. this is the very keystone in the happy? By actual experience it has been found both practicable and feasible for corporations and com- panies to assist their workers to own their own homes. It has also been found that workers who do own their own home are far above all others in efficiency.
It would be impossible to discuss this question in- telligently and leave out of consideration the subject of industrial copartnership. Forgetting for the time whether or not labor has a logical right to such owner- ship, a phase of the question with which we are not concerned, we may proceed to examine it from the standpoint of its workability. Ownership does and should involve responsibility. It also in the case of
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any business enterprise involves the risk of losing as well as gaining. We can readily see wherein a serious obstacle presents itself in the way of such a partner- ship. Labor has not been and cannot very well be made responsible. As we saw in the case of the coal strike a few months ago, an injunction has no direct effect upon labor unless, indeed, there be an injunction for every single man. It seems to us that ownership without responsibility is impracticable. If it can be worked out, however, it will have the undoubted ad- vantages of not. only stopping strikes, but adding a personal interest in the business as well.
But before any effective measures can be taken both capital and labor must first reach a spirit of concilia- tion. The belligerent attitude that they have hereto- fore adopted not only fails to settle their disputes, but it also works a vicious injury on an innocent third party. The employer who regards human labor as a
commodity to be bought and sold at the lowest market is postponing the day when our labor problems will be settled. Higher and higher wages with shorter and shorter working hours is not what the average work- ing man wants, for being a reasonable person he knows that from the very nature of industry itself this sort of thing cannot continue indefinitely. He asks for bread and we give him a stone, and expect him to remain satisfied with it. Democracy, — the incentive of the home-builder ; the compelling force of mutual trust and friendship: in these we base our hopes for better things. They shall be our answer to the Reds and anarchists and all the other forces of darkness that are working among us. They are the challenge to the spirit rather than to the selfishness of man ; to those principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity of those who fought over a century ago is added a fine spirit of humanity that we call our own.
The Eight Hour Day
By D. R. Hodgin
1AM not an advocate of the eight-hour day nor the ten or twelve hour day, nor, on the other hand, of a six, four, two, or no hour day. I am neither for nor against a universal legally limited work day.
A great engineer might spend ten minutes of a day sketching out the plans of an intricate subway system covering several miles ; a common laborer might spend ten hours in removing a ton of dirt from an excava- tion. The ten minutes labor of the engineer might be of such intense nature that at the expiration of the time he would be both physically and mentally ex- hausted ; while the ten hours work of the laborer might leave him overflowing with energy.
These are extreme cases, but they are possible. Any working standard must possess enough of elasticity to cover this wide range.
All this is, however, unessential to the vital princi- pal at issue. The problem that faces us is a bigger one We should rather ask ourselves this question : Shall we require of the engineer every second of time that it is possible to drain from him? or shall we drive the laborer from sun-rise to sun-set,— shall we extract from these workers of the world---equals in that they are creating good for humanity— -shall we squeeze from them every drop of sweat, every pound of flesh, every gleam of imagination that it is possible to extract ?
Shall we make labor our whole existence, our life, our goal? Shall we continue running in a circle, spending our whole lives at endless toil in order that we may live? Is it not possible that life can have a wider, higher meaning than this? Can we not make it our business first to live, and then go into our work-a-day world with a zest for action, working for the pure, simple joy of work, of creating— instead of drudging day after day, year after year, age after age, in order to sustain a meager existence?
Let us face the issue squarely.
Is John Jones to find his happiness, his joy in life, in drudging ten or twelve hours a day in store, shop, or office, eating, sleeping, living only that he may re- turn to his job each day able to work? Must he be too tired at night, when he comes home, to work in his little garden, to walk with his children, to be the father of a happy family? Must he become so nar- rowed down, so much a part of his daily business of earning food and shelter, that he cannot think clearly, talk intelligently, appreciate art, literature, music— all the higher forms of life? Is this his fate, pre-or- dained? Is it necessary if he is to live?
Is this all there is for humanity? If it is, then let us institute one great wave of race-suicide, and have done with it all. Let us cease to be breeders of chil- dren born into a world of materialism, whose only destiny is to be slaves of circumstance.
But, no! This is not, cannot be, all. The future must hold for us something bigger, better, brighter. Nature has not bestowed upon man her highest gifts of intellect, imagination, and spirit, only to make him a beast of burden, to doom him forever to an eternal struggle for animal existence. Nature has given us bountiful resources, from which we, as yet, have skimmed only the surface. Only a deplorably in- efficient, systemless manner of utilizing these gifts has made necessary our life of never-ending toil. Waste, carelessness, ignorance, — these constitute the useless, back-breaking burden of life.
This is not a matter of idle theorizing. Take, ra- ther, the testimony of science. Let Sir Oliver Lodge speak :—
"Deficiency in the means of subsistence, or in mod- est comfort, is not a reasonable condition of human life. The earth is ready to yield plenty for all, and will when properly treated and understood."
We are a race of wasters. We eat twice as much as necessary, or as is good for us ; and then doctors'
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bills are added to the cost of sustaining life. We hind and smother ourselves in superfluous clothing'. We build houses for others to look at, not for our- selves to live in ; and we make them so large and un- wieldy that the house-wife wears out her life in care- ing for them.
And, at the same time, there are others who are hungry, naked, and homeless — not, in the last analy- sis; through any fault of their own, but because — Malthus and his disciples say — there is not enough to go around. What a monstrous lie that is ! what is civilization for ; what are progress, invention, educa- tion for, if not to make life fuller, more worth living, with greater enjoyments, greater room for happiness and prosperity ?
We hear a great deal of cant today about "equal- ity of opportunity", a vague, undefined doctrine which everybody preaches, but no one puts into prac- tice. What does it mean? If it has a meaning; if it is anything more than the ban mot of politicians and
the fine phrase of idle theorizers, it must mean ex- actly what the words indicate, neither less nor more. h must mean that, in the words of Edward Bellamy, "The title of every man, woman, and child to the means of subsistence rests on no basis less plain, broad and simple than the fact that they are fellows of one race, members of one human family," and that society shall guarantee that no human being shall lack for the things necessary to keep his soul and body together; and shall give him the chance to make of himself the highest type of man, hindered by no enternal war for existence, limited only by his am- bition and his ideal. Given this guarantee, there is no sky to bound the aspiring, upward look of the hu- man mind, no roof to the Castle of life that man is building, no end to the ladder of Civilization. From this point on, we can let men grow until they become gods — ruling over a paradise of their own making. Then, and not till then, will be realized the Promised Land of which men dream.
Barn Dances and Bolshevism
By Tyre Taylor
THERE is a growing alarm among thinking peo- ple everywhere at the steady flood of popula- tion from the farms in the country to the towns and cities. How can production continue to fall behind consumption and the nation prosper, they ask, and if you press them for figures they will quote statistics to show that we are this year only raising enough foodstuffs for sixty-five million of our 110,000,000 population. And not only are we losing out from an economic standpoint as they figure it, but there is grave danger, if the nation's farms are to remain untenanted, that the steadily growing radical element will seize upon a food shortage or hunger riot to gain a foothold in this country. This may seem to be going a long way to look for trouble, but the fact is that it is not half so remote as it might appear on first inspection. Nothing gets on the average human being's nerves quite so much as hunger ; its pangs are absolutely without reason, and he instinctively turns with primal savagery to rend the cause of his distress. A had season followed by a severe winter, would al- most inevitably lead to riot and disorder. The ex- tent of the disturbances would depend directly on bow great the shortage was and how long it lasted.
Clearly, then, one of the most effective means for combatting the doctrines of Lenine and Trotsky is to keep people on the farm. The opinion has been re- peatedly expressed that in the great middle-class farming elements of the South and Middle- West lies the hope of America for a continuance of her demo- cratic form of goverment. The agricultural class is a powerful stabilizing agency in any society; the farmers may get angry, but they seldom lose their rea- son.
But the question arises, how are you going to keep them on the farm ? The popular song which has this great national problem for its theme was a whale
of a success partly because, I suppose, that the prob- lem has succeded so well in becoming a whale of a problem. Life on the farm is dull and monotonous; the work is hard, and the days are long with no Sat- urday afternoons off. And there are a great many discouragements. For every plant that shows its head above ground, there is likely to be a bug or so waiting to devour it with no questions asked. Few individuals care or know anything about the beauties of a rural existence or the thrill of living, "next to na- ture." He is a rare animal who will get out of bed at four in the morning, and milk a dozen or so coks, feed, curry, and harness his team, snatch a hasty breakfast and then stay in the field until after sun-down with only an hour off for dinner, and then go through the same process with team and coks with some hogs to feed thrown in, and then take to his upland meadow to catch rare odors of hidden flowers and gaze admir- ingly at the moon. Yes, he is a rare individual who can or will do this. The chances are that after eat- ing his evening meal he will listen to the melancholy howl of his teething offspring while "his supper set- tles" and then off to bed he goes, dead to the world until four o'clock the next morning.
The older men and women may stick to this sort of existence very well and may get considerable satis- faction out of it. There is always the element of a struggle in farm life, and the average male, especi- ally, likes a fight if he can conquer. And then they have always been accustomed to this sort of thing ; even their youthful days were not haunted by any such visions of happiness under the bright lights as comes to the modern farm boy or girl. It's the youth on the farm that simply cannot stand it. Every pass- ing motor car or flying machine opens up to his long- ing mind vistas of the great Out Beyond ; of infinite allurements that the country lacks. The emptiness of the life at home is unconsciously contrasted with
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the music, pretty girls, short hours of work, and end- less shows and entertainment of the town or city. It is due to wholly natural and legitimate instincts that he packs his suitcase and hies away to the town in search of a good time, and because he does hie away to the neglect of the plow, rake, and hoe, we have before us this astounding national problem.
But like most problems that bob up in the path of individuals and nations, there is an answer to this particular one, and we might as well make up our minds to the application of a little common sense to it. Until the farm can be made as attractive as the city, the farm will continue to lose and the city to in- crease in population. The question simply resolves itself into finding practical ways and means for bright- ening up the daily existence of John and Mary and thereby keeping them at home. This does not mean that a picture show and drugstore must become part of the equipment of every farm, like the barn and cellar. Neither does it mean that a jazz orchestra, which _ would put the family jackass to shame for noisemaking, must be imported for the dance, or that Mary has to be provided with seven-dollar silk- stockings and a hot house complexion. No, far from it. The country itself offers advantages for its own entertainment which compare favorably with those of the city. The main thing is to provide suitable cir- cumstances for the getting together of the younger set and the rest will just naturally take care of itself. Where are the old corn-huskings and candy pullin's and barn-dances? Back when the grandmothers of the present generation were buxom maids with color- flecked cheeks and bounding exhuberant personali- ties, the dances lasted from dark till the rooster crow- ed for broad daylight, and what's more, they had these dances often. Dobbin might not go as far for a social function as a six-cylinder whizzer, but he had much more regard for the pocket-book and never
broke a speed law. Probably the greatest drawback to the providing of innocent country amusements is the backwoods preacher who still wields a mighty influence over his congregation. According to his code, (revised in 1200), it is a mortal sin to indulge in anything bordering on the frivolous, and the harm- less dance is nothing more than an invention of Sa- tan. The only sure passports to that light region be- yond this present "vale of tears" is a long face and sanctified demeanor.
Then what are we to do ? Every authority is agreed that amusement and relaxation is necessary if we are to maintain the bodily machine at its highest standard of efficiency and happiness. The Army recognized this and provided games and entertain- ments for its men. The colleges build their athletic fields and the great industrial establishments construct amusement parks for the use of its employees. Only in the country, where life could be made supremely attractive, is absolutely no attention paid to this phase of every normal existence. Meanwhile the flow of citizens from country to city and town goes steadily on. Production is diminished ; those who consume and do not produce grow into a greater and yet great- er majority, and our whole social system becomes dangerously top-heavy. Bolshevism shows its head, and arks are dispatched to Russia carrying a few out- standing undesirables while nothing is done to cor- rect the fundamental cause of the trouble. Some day the goverment will see that the amusement of its ru- ral citizens is nearly as important as their health or education and then something will be done about it. Meanwhile Ex-Candidate Palmer had better try to get Congress to pass a law compelling every commun- ity to provide for at least two old-fashioned barn dances every week, — that is, if he really wants to deal Bolshevism a death blow !
How Much Does It Cost to Become Governor of
North Carolina?
The question of how much one may legi.imately spend in seeking political preferment is becoming one of the burning issues of the day in North Carolina. Has a poor man any longer a chance? The orgy of spending that preceded the gubernatorial primaries this year has shocked the sensibilities of those people who deny the right of individuals to buy their way into positions of influence and power. For the November number of the Carolina Mag- azine we have asked Charles T. Boyd to handls this phase of North Carolina politics in a special article and to deal with it in gloves-off fashion. Particular attention will be paid to the way the present campaign has been managed, and a non-partisan impartial attitude will be maintained. Senator Sorghum's observation that "if you use money you will be criticized and if you don't you'll shorely be forgotten" will furnish the text for a highly-interesting dis- cussion of this live local question.
READ IT IN THE NOVEMBER NUMBER
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Note This: Cy Thompson branches out. He first obtained a liberal education and now he plans to pursue his studies still further. Why? Because it secures for him a greater grasp on things. It gives him a larger outlook which makes him see the value of being on terms of intimate friendship with so many fellows. His hirst big aim is one of service — and incidentally the dollars come rolling in. He likes his work — is there a lesson in this for you?
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A Little Man and a Big Scheme
How Cyrus Thompson, Jr., the smallest life insurance agent
in the United States, has established the
foundation for a great business
By Phillip Hettleman
THE next time an insurance agent approaches you, be sure to notice his size. You will discover that nearly every insurance agent is a six-footer, and this point is not in his favor when so many are of the same size. They all look the same to you, they all have the same arguments concerning their insurance, and it is probably for these reasons that you haven't bought a policy yet.
There is one agent, however, from whom you can't help buying a life insurance policy. This man is Cyrus Thompson, Jr., of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the smallest insurance agent in the United States, who is four feet, seven inches in height and weighs only eighty-six pounds. Maybe you'll buy your pol- icy from Mr. Thompson because the novelty of buy- ing insurance from the country's smallest agent ap- peals to you, but probably the real reason is that you can't resist his straightforward and gripping appeal.
And the big thing is that that appeal springs from the soul of the man. Mr. Thompson is interested in human beings, and he thinks that he can serve them in no higher capacity than through the instrument- ality of life insurance. He doesn't believe in the cheap, self-seeking, old style life insurance agent with whom everybody is familiar any more than you do. He would feel just as satisfied in interesting a young man with high ideals to enter the insurance game as he would in selling him a ten thousand dol- lar policy.
"It was not until the beginning of my senior year in college," says Mr. Thompson, "that I became inter- ested in life insurance. At that time an agent tried to sell me a policy, but I didn't buy it from him be- cause I was not fully aware of the necessity of life insurance. Just before I was graduated another agent approached me and succeeded in selling me my first policy. At that period, J was not sure whether the purchase of this policy was a wise investment or not."
This is a rather strange statement from a man who is going to sell between five hundred thousand and one million dollars worth of life insurance this year. In fact it will not be a full year either, because Mr. Thompson is going to spend nearly three months in the School of Life Insurance Salesmanship at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in order to gain a wider education with which to promote his business. These figures might appear small to you at first thought, and maybe they are, but wait until you hear about the most unique insurance scheme ever at- tempted by any agent in the South.
At Chapel Hill, Mr. Thompson has 1,500 students to help him put his scheme on a practical basis. The primary part of his scheme is to give every student a vision of life insurance when he first enters college. Then, before the student finishes his college career, Mr. Thompson attempts to sell him a small policy. By doing this lie is paving the way for future business. When this student becomes a successful man in his community, he will need more insurance and it is un- likely that he will forget Cy Thompson.
Another important part of the scheme is the keep- ing of records and data concerning not only the stu- dent but his family as well. In this way, Mr. Thomp- son can follow the record of each student after he leaves college. If Mr. Thompson sees that he cannot sell one of his former prospects a policy, then he gives the local agent a tip. And Mr. Thompson loses nothing by doing this because of the cooperative agreement he makes and is making with nearly every local agent in the state. The family record also might show him that the student has a brother who will soon enter college, and thus Mr. Thompson has a basis upon which he can form his plans for his new prospect.
This looks like a big scheme for such a small man, but it is entirely in keeping with the many sided, per- severing career of Mr. Thompson. Today, at the age
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of thirty-four, lie is on the threshold of his big suc- cess, hut this is due to the fact that he started this business career when only a youngster.
llis first business deal was rather humorous, but it serves to show the wide-awake, business ability of Mr. Thompson when he was only a child. He bought a setting hen with fourteen eggs for twenty-five cents and when the chickens were hatched he sold the brood for a large profit. He then asked his father to lend him ten dollars with which be could buy grown chickens from the farmers for the purpose of taking them to town for resale. Not having any confidence in the business ability of bis small son, the father re- fused to advance him the capital. Cy, however, bor- rowed the money from bis neighbors, bought his load of chickens and made a handsome profit from them. He continued this business with much success for nearly a year.
Before entering the University of North Carolina, Mr. Thompson worked for four years for a general merchant in the eastern part of the state. He was quite a curiosity as a clerk in a country store, but de- spite his size he could get a shirt off the top shelf quicker than any man in the store. He became so useful to the business that the proprietor offered him an equal partnership in the firm, but Mr. Thompson decided to go to college.
It is quite natural that Cy did not enter the insur- ance business immediately after he was graduated from college, because at that time he was doubtful concerning his own investment in insurance. He ac- cepted a position with one of the largest firms in the country manufacturing advertising specialties and made a big success with this company. He wasn't satisfied with this job, however, because it didn't give him an opportunity to deal with his fellow man in a human way. But this position had given him ex- perience, and through it he had the opportunity of realizing the value of life insurance. So after com- pleting his year's work with the advertising firm in 1912, he opened up his first insurance office at Chap- el Hill.
If you don't believe that Cy Thompson is convinc- ed that he is performing a real service in the world just talk to him for a few minutes. "One of the first policies that I sold," says Mr. Thompson, "was pur- chased by a poor boy at the University of North Car- olina. His mother was scrubbing at home to keep him in college, and one of his home town merchants was lending him money to aid him in the fight. This young man realized that his death would leave the merchant's debt unpaid, and that bis mother would probably have to settle his obligations. So he came to me and I sold him a small life policy assigning it to the merchant so that he would be fully protected for bis loan in the event of the young man's death. To- day this young man is a professor in one of the lead- ing Western universities, and he will forever be grateful to the life insurance policy which was of great value in making his college career a success. ■ "The same thing is true about every young man who must make his own living. He is training to be- come a producer, and during this training period he
is calling upon society, or bis parents, or his friends to help him. He has created a debt which he will certainly repay if he lives, but if be dies then he is like the pecan tree which is destroyed just when it is beginning to bear fruit. There is only one way in the world that a young man can safeguard those who are lending him assistance in his early years, and that is through a life insurance policy.
"The same necessity of life insurance also exists for the wealthy young man. He has taken more of the world's goods than the poor man, and in the event of bis death be has left a larger debt which is unpaid.
So you see that Cy Thompson has something to say to every young man on the University campus if he is to make bis big scheme a success. One of the leading professors of the University of North Caro- lina recently invited Mr. Thompson to address his class on the different kinds of life insurance policies for young men. Some of the students were ex-ser- vice men, and they asked Mr. Thompson about the advisability of continuing their government insurance. In every case he urged them to continue this insur- ance, and he pointed out its many advantages. He gladly offers bis services to those who desire to con- tinue their government insurance, and in many cases he has spent his personal money in aiding ex-ser- vice men to obtain this government protection. In such a manner he believes that be is performing a real service, and at the same time it fits in with his big scheme.
Mr Thompson knows how to look ahead.
The New Era and Peace
By P. Augustus Reavis, Jr.
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"The war has made it clear that the safety of the world is absolutely de- pendent on international organization, based upon friendship, good-will, and adequate power, and involving world-wide industrial co-operation. Here rests the hope of disarmament, the end of all war, and the larger prosperity and happiness of every nation." (Report of Southern Sociological Congress, 1919.)
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TEN years ago who would have thought that the future happiness and peace of all nations of the world would rest on any such declaration and policy as the above. In those davs we were living' in a time of happiness, peace, and prosperity, with low prices, plenty of stocks of foodstuffs and raw materials. What a contrast it is to look back at those days and then look at our days of the present and future. Our future is brilliant beyond the maze of the present. If only we could reach that stretch of paved road with- out first traveling the few miles of red mud. But we cannot. We can, however, shorten the distance to the pavement by using several methods which combine theory with practice.
Today we are still technically at war with Germany. Our country cannot be put on a safe basis of peace, prosperity cannot reach us until we have put to an end war conditions and war laws. According to all laws, both legal and natural, a declaration of peace must be made before peace conditions can be restored. Unfortunately in the time of need for a party govern- ment the American people decided to try out a new plan, and sent to Washington a Democratic executivej and a Republican congress. Naturally the experiment failed and the greatly needed legislation was never passed. The president and congress did not "gee,': and the natural result followed. Possibly the action of the American people has not been as harmful as it seems to have been. It is probable that the action has taught us as a nation that "a house divided against itself cannot stand," and that party government is the only logical method of governing a republic. At least, with congress already adjourned leaving no hope for better conditions this year, we can be optimistic over the affair and say that America has learned her lesson.
But still we have this problem before us of bringing about peace to the world which leads to this question. What is the best kind of peace for the United States, for the world, and for humanity, and will it meet the needs of, not just one nation but all nations? The answer can only be this : The peace declared now must be an international peace involving all nations, or no nation will be safe from the prowling and ter- ritory-seeking countries. A peace without "interna- tional organization, based on friendship, good-will, and adequate power" will be no peace at all in this
new era. "War must be outlawed if civilization is to endure, and a peace which leaves out one nation from its bindings, regulations, and restrictions, will result in the same "scrap of paper" actions as have resulted from the conferences of the Hague.
At the present time we have only one proposal be- fore us, and as no one is attempting to propose an- other, we, it seems, must accept this one which is the League of Nations. This article will not attempt to deal with the League of Nations in detail or in general but one comment must be made. Why should we not accept this covenant? It takes care of all the wishes of America and upholds the Monroe Doctrine, not to the Americas alone, but to the world. It is a larger edition of the greatest peace-guarding law.. Prof. W. J. Campbell, Ph. D., Field Secretary of the League to Enforce Peace, in an address before the Southern Sociological Congress said of the League of Nations Covenant :
"This covenant for a League of Nations makes peace the concern of the whole league ; places the .common good above the selfish interest of any state ; Imakes force the handmaiden of justice, and makes [justice to all nations the world's first article of po- litical faith."
No one has yet torn asunder any of the above state- ments for it is truth based on facts. What more can the United States want ? She has always stood for justice to all, and has placed the common good above selfish interests. If she does not ratify the League of Nations she automatically gives the lie to all her former declarations, and to her Declaration of Inde- pendence, and to the preamble of her Constitution. Failure to ratify will show her disregard for the very principles upon which she as a nation has been founded. America cannot maintain her honor and integrity without ratifying.
Unless the peace covenant is ratified bv all nations, especially the world powers (and all have ratified ex- cept the U S. ) "the next war will begin where this one leaves off." Nations will begin to prepare for the coming struggle. Death-dealing inventions and manu- factures will continue, each one adding to the already over-burdening taxes. The consequences cannot be numbered or comprehended. Will America be the weak link in the chain thereby causing it to break
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before the stretching begins? That is the question and there is only one time left to answer. This ques- tion faces the American people in the next election. It is not which party will be in power, but whether America will maintain her honor, her principles, her Declaration of Independence, and her Constitution, or whether America dishonors herself, backs down on her word, disregards her principles, and gives the lie
to her famous documents. The question does not rest now with the president and congress, but with the American people — each citizen of the country.
American people, — the world looks to you tor your answer to the call of democracy, to the call of hu- manity, and to the call of peace. The new era de- mands national equality, and its demand cannot be disregarded.
Y. M. C. A:
Do You Know What Those Four Fetters Sta?id For?
DONNELL VAN NOPPEN
WE all know that it means Young Men's Christian Association, but it stands for more than that. It is this : Youth, Manhood, Christ, Associated. Still, the meaning is vague. Youth is synonomous with health, effervescing enthusiasm, vigor, energy, a strong and athletic physical body, a keen and quick intellect and bubbling optimism. Youth is the prime of life; nothing is too hard or too difficult to be undertaken in youth. Youth represents the physical.
The moral is represented by Manhood. This sug- gests strength of character. Firm and resolute in de- cisions and will power ; always living up : o the best ; always being true to principles and ideals. A man is more than a mere physical man. A man is the physical plus the moral. Manhood means living a clean life. It means being a good sport, able to take defeat as well as victory, and always giving the opponent a square deal.
Besides these virile traits of manhood there are other characteristics that are just as necessary to the real man. These are the things that Christ added. Christ is spiritual, possessing such spiritual traits as tenderness, thoughtfulness, courtesy, and love. Tend- erness is not a matter of physical vivacity or emotion- alism. It need not be gushing in its expression. "We should not confound together," said Whately, "phy- sical delicacy of nerves, and extreme tenderness of heart and benevolence and gentleness of character. It is also important to guard against mistaking for good nature what is properly called good humor, a cheerful flow of spirits, and easy temper not readily annoyed, which is compatible with great selfishness." Tender- ness is the gentleness, the desire to help others softly. This is a quality of manliness which is of use every hour. Tenderness should be the atmosphere of life. It should add a sweet savor to every act and word. Tenderness does not make a man weak. "Tenderness is possible only to strong men. It is the highest evi- dence of strength, it is the sign of poise and confi- dence. To be a man is not enough. Each of us must be a gentle man."
To develop to the fullest these characteristics in a person, Youth, Manhood, Christ must be co-ordinated. This is the work of the Y. M. C. A. It is an organiza-
tion that is outside of any walls ; it does not depend on a building for success, although some think of the Y.M.C.A. as a meeting place. It has its work to do and it tries to do it. Its work is to develop as much as possible and to as high a degree as possible man- hood, youth and Christ in man.
To do this successfully the co-operation of all is needed. Get in the habit of thinking and knowing that it is your organization. You belong to it just as much as anyone. Take part in its activities, help in some of the various departments. Find out which you had rather do and get lined up with it, whether it be social, rural Sunday school or negro night school. Do whatever you can do best. If everybody works with the association then we are sure of every one's co-operation. The more that co-operate the more certain it is that the organization will be running ef- ficiently.
But what has all this got to do with associating youth, manhood and Christ? It has just this. One could not derive much benefit nor get much physical development by watching the football team practice. To get the hardness and muscle he must get into the game, and put everything he has got into it. There- fore to develop into a four square man by co-ordi- nating youth, manhood, and Christ one must not stand by and watch others do the work and say, "That is fine but I guess I better not." Get in and help along. There is no better way to develop strong character than by unselfish service. The whole program of the Y.M.C.A. is based on unselfish service. Everything that it does or tries to do is for the good of some one.
In view of this it is true that the Y. M. C. A. is more than a mere building. It is true that the work of the Y. M. C. A. could exist without a build- ing. To sum it all up the work of the Y. M. C. A. is to fulfill and not to destroy. It is to develop and not to tear down. It works to make a man feel at ease in a social gathering, in a religious group and on an ath- letic field. When it accomplishes its purposes it may be said:
"Yours is the world and everything that's in it, And what's more vou'll be a man, my son."
CHATS ON SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS
Science vs. Art
Bv IV. P. Hudson
THIS age has been called the age of electricity, and aptly so, for never in the history of past centuries has anything developed so many uses and possibilities as it has. This age may also be properly styled the age of invention, the age of scientific growth, for like- wise never in the history of the past has there here been anything to equal it. Whatever the age may be term- ed, whatever appellation may be more apt, this is truly and indisputably an age of progress, a period charac- terized by the desire for perfection, by a search after the ideal in the mechanical world. Progress is sci- ence, for after all the scientist is at the bottom of it all. They are inextricably bound up together; they are a unit, one dependent upon the other, for what progress could there be without science, and what would mankind gain from science if it did not contribute to the big business of running the world?
As fully as science may be recognized as contribut- ing, generally, to the benefit and ultimate good of man, there are those who believe that science is an impediment and curse to mankind. These enemies of science have, from time to time, vented their wrath upon science and scientific development. Recently a book appeared in England by Stephen Coleridge en- titled "The Idolatry of Science" wherein he undertakes to prove(and no doubt does to his own satisfaction) that science is a curse to mankind. He does not merely end with expressions of regret at the tendency of science to destroy the aesthetic virtues of life, but science, root and all, he hates vehemently. Disclaim- ing the advantage secured to man by science, he asks how he is advantaged more by being able to ride to Edinburgh from London in eight hours, having had no time to enjoy the beautiful scenes of the country, than by getting there in three or four days with a con- sequent study of the country, the rural population, etc. Perhaps he prefers to make the journey in a pala- tial ox-cart to riding on a train or in a motor-car. It is difficult to get his point of view and still think of him as a rational-minded man. For how can any one so thoroughly condemn science and at the same time enjoy the comforts and conveniences which it pro- vides and has provided? We wonder if this good gentleman utilizes the tallow candle as his source of light in preference to electricity or gas? Does he write with a goose quill upon parchment, and does he publish his literary productions or does he laboriously copy them down in manuscript form like the monks of the sixteenth and seventh centuries? His every move, unless he is being quite ancient, brings him into close contact with science in some form ; and if the truth was known, Mr. Coleridge utilizes the comforts and conveniences provided by science as much as the scientist himself, as far as the routine of living is concerned. Perhaps we are forced to agree with the gentleman on the point that science obscures initiative
and individualism. And here we agree only with limitations, for every one who makes science his study is not affected in the above manner. There are a few, we admit, narrow human beings, who act and live mechanically with only the slightest vestige of originality and individualism. They are few, however, compared to the great number who have found in science as much to be gained by way of development of personality and the broadening of their philosophy of living as in any other field. Mr. Coleridge is not by himself, however, though others who oppose sci- ence are not quite so outspoken and inimical perhaps. There are scores of people who oppose science merely because they have found interest in the field of art — the classics as an example — much of it being sheer self- ishness. Many who are opposed to science cling to the hope and belief that the day of science is at its highest and the future will see it giving place to some other branch of human endeavor. A certain in- structor in the classics, a Doctor of Philosophy, at one of our leading Southern universities has remarked, and apparently believes, that the classics are com- ing back into their own, and will in the near future have regained some of their former prominence in the colleges and university curricula. This man, not being radical in his views, did not intimate, as has been done, that there would be a consequent let up in the scientific field of study, but believed that the greater and best part of life was to be found in the study of the classics. Whatever may be the ideas and hopes of those who wish to see science relegated to the back-ground, because it is crippling their field of work, it is an undoubted fact that science is here to stay. It will neither decay nor recede, unless pro- gress ceases and the civilizations of the world crumble to ruin because of their own ineptitude.
And yet we would not claim that science is every- thing. In the forming of character, in the making of a man, all sides of the human intellect need developing, and hence art is invoked to develop, in a large mea- sure, the aesthetic side. The aesthetic and the lei- sure side of man may be spoken of only when a por- tion of the population of the world is considered, namely, those who have the opportunity of, and do ac- quire, an education, and perhaps know the meaning of the term leisure, thus having a chance to develop aes- thetic tastes ; but for the great mass of human beings who toil, and, literally earn their bread by the sweat of the brow, there is little of what is termed the aesthe- tic and none of the leisurely. On the other hand, how- ever, any device or contrivance which will save a step or make the load less onerous is a direct benefit to them. The farmer, who, utilizing the products of sci- ence, can plow ten acres per day where formerly he plowed only one, or can harvest ten acres where he once could harvest but two, is advantaged beyond mea- sure; whereas without these aids offered by scientific
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development, no matter how many odes of Horace he may have read even in the original, or how many poets he may have studied, he would be practically helpless. This establishes another fact : The benefits of science are universal, while those of art are confined to a comparatively small field.
If the scientific field is the most beneficial to man, then the deduction may be drawn that the scientist is a greater factor in civilization, as a whole, than die man of arts. The professor of foreign languages or the professor of English who writes a book on some phase of his work, expounding the philosophy of the poets, or showing how the subtleties of one language ex- ceed those of another, or discussing whether Shake- speare spelled his name with a "pear" or a "per" in the last syllable, only adds another volume to a thous- and similar ones, a volume which may or may not be perused. And if it is read, it is done so by only those of education and hence not by the great mass of people. The scientist, however who makes a discov- ery, in medicine, surgery, physics, chemistry or what- not, which is applicable to the needs of man is render- ing a direct service. By way of example the research- es of Bloess, a French chemist, may be cited. His part- icular researches resulted in the discovery that the seaweed, heretofore considered practically worthless
as a food, when demineralized makes excellent food for cattle and horses. 1 le goes further and states ihai by a perfected process of demineralization this plant may also be used for the table. There is no question here of whether this man renders a greater service than the poet perhaps who sings of the seaweed, or the author who writes a seaweed romance. The one finds food for the peasants' cattle, and perhaps for the peasant himself, while the other adds a poem or a book to a world already over-stocked with such.
It seems evident then that much of the opposition to science is built upon false grounds partly by those who detest it thoroughly, partly by those who nurse a grudge from jealousy and envy, and partly by those who are opposed to everything that appeals to the pop- ular mind. It is not to be understood or inferred that, defending science, we believe that all charges against it are untrue. On the other hand, some of them, we believe, to be true, and justly so. But the point is maintained that science — to use a word now applied to almost everything most poignantly by politicians— is democratic in respect to its aid to mankind. The democracy of science, then, we believe is a self-evident thing, manifesting itself in every walk of life, ben- eficial alike to both the capitalist and the laboring man, to the rich and poor.
The Future of the Aeroplane
THERE is always more interest centered in the ultimate possibilities of an invention than in its history of origin. Just now attention is centered upon the possibilities which the aeroplane is likely to de- velop.
The value of anything is calculated in proportion to its usefulness. Thus for war purposes, the aero- plane was very valuable, in fact indispensable. Now that the war has ended many attempts and various ex- periments are being made to make the aeroplane as valuable in peace as in war.
Prior to the war little except experimenting was done in this direction, little permanent ground being gained, since, during the war, the aeroplane was con- stantly undergoing changes. Since the war, however, the great number of planes available has caused re- newed attempts to make the flying-machine a prac- tical and useful invention.
As yet, nothing so very definite has been accom- plished. Sporadic attempts have been, and are being, made to adapt the plane to mail-carrying. In some cases this has been done with more or less success. However, the great expense of operating the aero- plane and its short life have made this largely imprac- tical.
What the future of the aeroplane will be, no one can divine. Improvements are made so rapidly that the flying-machine of this year may differ radically from that of next. This is illustrated by the appear- ance only recently of a new type of plane constructed entirely of metal which has broken all records for non-stop flights. This metal plane has many advan- tages over all other highly perfected planes, since it requires much less propelling power and consequent-
ly consumes much less gasoline. Manufacturers of the present type of plane claim that this new metal bird has no competitor in the field and that it will be the dominant type in the future.
Thus suddenly has aeroplane construction been radically changed. It seems highly probable that if this plane made of aluminum composition can be made to fly that planes constructed of heavier metal may soon make their appearance, and that gradually all difficulties to flying will be overcome. A portion of the difficulties has been solved by the metal plane, since it is practically proof against side-winds and fog, two of the air-man's greatest foes. With added improvement in construction, greater use will be made of the flying-machine, and aerial-mail routes across the continent and even to Europe may be near- er than the dim future. Passenger planes with com- partments as spacious and luxurious as the railroad coach may also become popular.
Many other uses for the aeroplane have been sug- gested, not to omit that of a deputy U. S. marshal who thought that the utilization of the flying-machine in the search for moonshiners would prove practical.
The use of the plane in future wars cannot be too highly estimated, for their effectiveness in the recent war was very marked. Heavily armored planes with- standing the fire, even, of the three-inch anti-aircraft guns are not improbable, and there may appear the battleship of the air as well as that of the land and water. The flyin, fire-belchin monsters of myth ana fairy story seem in a fair way of becoming a reali- ty. Whatever may be its state of development by then, it is quite evident that the aeroplane will play an all-important part in future wars.
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Just as every other important invention has been developed to ends never conceived by its most ar- dent supporters, so may the aeroplane develop into undreamed of possibilities. But whatever may be its degree of perfection, whether in peace or in war, the aeroplane will have a great part to play in satisfying the needs of mankind.
Mathematical Cats
WE call upon mathematics to explain many things ; — the action of a gyroscope, the spinning of the stars, the curving of a baseball ; — but one of the queerest things which we have expected mathematics to make clear is the way a cat turns over in the air when fall- ing so that it always lights upon its feet. If it is not turning when it begins to fall, it cannot have any an- gular momentum imparted to it except from without, so how can it turn over ? Two theories were developed, the squirming theory and the use-of-legs theory. Ac- cording to the first a cat squirmed from end to end of its body by means of its muscles and succeeded in turning itself over without giving its body any angu- lar momentum.
According to the second theory, a cat used its legs to make the fore-part of its body have a greater moment of inertia than the hinder-part, by extending the fore- legs, folding the fore-legs, and untwisting the body, fore-parts in one direction and its hind-parts in the other, the angle through which the fore-part turns is less than that through which hind-part turns. Now the cat holds the angle gained by extending the hind- legs, folding the fore-legs, and untwisting the body. Two or three convulsive movements of this kind will turn it completely over. The cat's motions are so rapid that we are unable to see with the human eye just what does take place, so it was impossible to de- cide which of the above theories, if either, was true, until the aid of the moving picture camera was invok- ed to make a decision. Pictures were taken of a fall- ing cat, and it was clearly seen that the second theory was the true one, — that a cat does turn over by using its legs in the manner described above, involving one of the most interesting and important principles of mathematics.
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In Flanders' Fields
JOHN S. TERRY
(With Apologies to McRae)
In Flanders' fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses row on row, That mark the place ; and in the sky The larks, now bravely singing, fly, Nor heed the crosses there below.
What of the dead ? Short days ago They lived and fought, beat back the foe, Fought the good fight. . . They helpless lie In Flanders' fields.
'Take up our quarrel with the foe," To us, they dying cried — "We throw The Torch. Be yours to lift it high!"
If we shall let one ember die. We're false to crosses, row on row, In Flanders' fields.
Spirits of Turpentine
Edited by P. A. REAVIS, Jr.
JTasIiington Post. — The question women's wear is eliminating itself.
of
Boston Herald.. — It never occurred to those benighted Israelites to delay action by making the Ten Commandments a campaign issue.
Wasliington Post. — The American soldiers of the Rhine who marry to get home are exchanging short term enlistments for life-long servitude.
The Rural Weekly. — About the only argu- ment in favor of a large standing army is that it would help to keep expenditures up with tax receipts.
— "The trouble with these political planks is that there is too much politics and too many planks. One can't take the time to read them and still earn three meals a day."
Cleveland Plain Dealer. — A New York judge has ruled that a dollar is still worth 100 cents in the eyes of the law. Now you know what is meant by a f'legal fiction."
Pathfinder. — Women are boldly entering various political fields, but most of them will probably hesitate when it comes to throwing their hats in the ring. They think too much of their hats.
— "A Louisiana legislator wants men who are not married at the age of 25 to be sent to jail. That, at least would solve the problem of the H. C. L. for gentlemen afflicted with that tired feeling.
Kansas City Journal. — We whipt the red- skins in order to gain this country, we whipt the redcoats in order to gain our independence therein, and we are not going to allow the Reds to mar what we have gained.
News and Observer. — "Being a queen is a trade whose implements are courage and cour- tesy," says Queen Marie of Roumania. She may consider it such, but we'd like to tell this good queen that we consider she has turned her trade into accomplishment.
Franklin Times. — Get ready for your honey- moons, girls. An airplane service is being mapped out from Seattle to Alaska, and the prospective groom can hardly refuse you the trip if you touch him up in time. We might mention as an added attraction that your billings and cooings will not he unfeelingly interrupted by mosquitoes at that altitude.
SHORT STORIES, SKETCHES AND VERSE
Let Joy Be Unconfined
By Garland Burns Porter
PARIS ISLAND is the home of Marines; in fact, that is where Marines are made. This isolated patch of creation lies in the inlet just off Beaufort and Port Royal in South Carolina. The last named is the end of the spur line which runs out from the mainline between Charleston and Savannah. It had seemed to Tugwell, a recruit, the end of the world when he alighted from the superannuated train there one even- ing in the mid-winter of 1918. But he soon learned that there was at least one more step to he taken before the end of the world was reached, and that step put him on Paris Island.
Paris Island, at night would freeze one's dreams in one's head, and at noon would raise perspiration on a cucumber. Of course the last experiment was never tried, for cucumbers belong to civilization. It was ever a source of wonder to the Marines stationed there why they did not draw foreign service pay ; and on one or two occasions a recruit had been known to inquire about the American Consul.
Tugwell in his extreme youth had been a merry lady's man ; and it was a point on which he was wont to hold forth at great length that during his six months on the island he had not once spoken to a girl. Girls were not there, that was all. Some wise Marine officer of high rank had chosen the spot purposely, knowing that femininity and drill perfection won't mix. In spite of the inspiration Tugwell claimed he missed by this non-association with the fair sex, he had risen in rank, and was now senior corporal of a company of recruits. It took a man seven weeks to become a private on Paris Island, and some men longer than that. During the period that these recruits were evolving into Marines, they formed what was designated as drill companies, over which a Marine sergeant was company commander. It was in one of these companies that Tugwell was senior corporal, or, in other words, second in rank to the sergeant.
One day while the company was at its noon chow, Corporal Tugwell, having finished his unvariating repast, was leaving the mess hall, when he met Sergeant Long at the door.
"Going to the dance. Tug?" asked the sergeant, a tall man whose face was ruddy brown from two seasons of Paris Island sun.
"What dance ? The mule skinners and cooks ?" answered Tugwell with the air of bellicose forbear- ance which grows as one's sojourn on the paradoxi- cally named island lengthens.
"Haven't you heard of it? Why they are going to give the non-coms a big dance next Friday night. Something big ; no such thing ever pulled off here before," explained the sergeant.
"They? Who's they — who's going to give it?" asked Tugwell skeptically. Rumors were no uncom- mon thing on Paris Island, and Tugwell himself had started many that beat this one.
"Why I don't know who's going to put it on; hut girls are coming over from Charleston and Beaufort," answered the sergeant ; and without offering further information, he went on into the mess hall.
Tugwell, with a light smile on his face, crossed the shell road and entered the company bunk house, the front of which was partitioned off for the ser- geant's quarters; "front and center" this portion of the bunk house was called. Tugwell had his bunk here, as did the two 'musics' — the battalion buglers. The two musics were already back from chow and were lying lazily on their bunks. Both looked up as Tugwell entered.
"What's all this noise about you non-coms puding off a dance ? Do you think you are privileged characters down here?" asked Cordon, senior trum- peter, age seventeen.
"You two birds will have to stand by now. Wait till Friday about 7 P. M. and you will see what all this noise is about," returned Tugwell, ready to banter now that there seemed a prospect of his seeing not one girl but many of them.
"I believe you non-coms think you are hard," said Whipple, second trumpeter. "Who ever told you that you could dance ?"
But Tugwell was used to the talk of the musics. These were but two of the numerous youngsters who left high school to go into the hardest outfit of the service; and they enjoyed the reputation of being the hardest men in the service, if boys may be called men — at least they enjoyed this reputation among themselves. They were on most occasions looked upon as impudent rather than insubor- dinate— not that a music might be insubordinate to a corporal, very often.
A memorandum from the sergeant-major's office proved the rumor of the dance to be a true report ; and the non-coms of the island, now that their credence was gained, were eagerly awaiting the coming of Friday.
The day finally came and it was up to the Paris Island standard for heat. The early afternoon found Corporal Tugwell, with sand in his eyes and perspira- tion darkening the entire back of his khaki shirt, — both of which discomforts to new men were no longer discomforts to him, for he was acclimated, — striding along beside the company in its afternoon drill period. Sergeant Long, in the sharp tones of the old Marine drill instructor, was giving commands ; and Tugwell, with the junior corporal, Wooldridge,
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was shouting- directions and pointers to the struggling company. The men had not yet reached the point at which sand in their eyes did not inconvenience them; nor could they easily refrain from striking it out with a furtive hand. Their necks were still pink.
liven a drill sergeant can be human at times, and presently the command "At Rest" was given. The sergeant walked over to where the corporals were standing.
"'On with the dance'," said the sergeant, and kicked up some sand.
"I've got that pair of old regulation pants pressed till you could take a shave with the crease," said Tugwell ; "and they say there will he two hundred girls — oh, boy, won't it be some affair?"
"Do you mean to say you will make it some affair with them?" rejoined the sergeant, pointing at Tug- well's feet.
"Them dogs," replied Tugwell, looking down at the members ■ in question, "why them dogs have carried me through more than one ball room. Wait ti'l I shine 'em up." He shuffled them in the sand. "Why I used to teach a chorus," he said, grinning.
While the non-coms were thus engaged, an orderly came up. The latter was from the sergeant-major's office. This particular sergeant-major was sometimes called the King of Paris Island.
"Is this the 429th company?" asked the orderly.
"Yes — what is it?" answered the sergeant.
The orderly handed him two sheets of paper. The sergeant initialed one and returned it. He then looked at the other sheet.
"Hell !" he exclaimed, looking up. "What do you know about this? We've got the main guard tonight. We go on at four o'clock." Me looked at his wrist watch: "Two-fifteen now. If that don't beat the devil. No dance for us. What has that sergeant- major got against us?"
Consternation fell over their faces. The sergeant turned and called the men to attention. He marched them back to barracks. There be told them that they were going on the main guard, and that they were to fall out at three-thirty in clean uniforms and with clean rifles and equipment.
"What are you doing coming in so soon ?" asked Cordon from his bunk as Tugwell entered "front and center".
"I came in to sing a while — we've got the main guard tonight," answered Tugwell with distinct cha- grin.
"Gee, but you are lucky birds. What time are you going to the dance?" cried Cordon as he kicked his heels in the air and laughed provokingiy. Whipple took up the laugh quite as feelinglessly as Cordon.
"Say, Tugwell, lend me a pair of chevrons; I want to go to the dance," be gleefully requested.
Despite the keenness of bis disappointment, Tug- well was showing no signs of resentment. He smiled wryly. "Maybe you didn't know that I'll be sergeant of the guard, and that I'll go to the dock and look the boats over as they come in. I can have picking choice then," he declared.
"But regulations don't say anything about sergeant of the guard's going to dances," observed Cordon with heartless condolence.
Sergeant Long came in and the harrage was shifted to him. That individual was not in any frame of mind to engage in the raillery. Occasionally he would give vent to choice bits of expletory sentiment, directed at Paris Island in particular and Luck in general. The sergeant was fluent on such occasions ; but he was an exact man and chose his expletives with care. Time was not altogether lost in listening to him on such occasions. He strode into the little room where he had his bunk and desk, and the sulphurous quality of his remarks brought high glee from the musics. Even Tugwell, disappointed as he was, was forced to smile.
Of course the company was out and in line at the hour named by their sergeant ; and after a preliminary inspection was marched out of the com- pany street and to the main barracks. Arriving on the "inside," as the main barracks were called, the company was inspected by Marine Gunner Gregg, the new officer of the day. Guard mount went through as well as might be expected from a company of recruits; but afterward the Marine Gunner told Sergeant Long that his men were a bunch of crumbs. This is the superlative language among service men ; so the sergeant put out no thanks for compliments. Incidentally, Marine Gunner Gregg was often quoted as claiming that there were only two hard birds on the island, and that he was both of them.
"It looks like a cloudy day down those rifle barrels," said the Gunner to Long after the inspection. "They had better be clean the next time I see them. I don't want any men on post with rifles like that. See that they are cleaned."
"Aye, aye, sir," said the sergeant, and saluted. He turned and directed Tugwell to see that every man cleaned his rifle before going on post.
"He's a sweet bird to be O. D. the night of the dance," soliloquized that much exasperated corporal as he proceeded to obey the order.
The sergeant of the guard has charge of the guard house; and on Paris Island either he or the com- mander of the guard must be present at the landing of all boats. Sergeant Long, being company com- mander, was commander of the new guard; while Tugwell, as senior corporal, was acting sergeant of the guard. This arrangement made Tugwell higher in rank than he had ever been ; but needless to say. he was not impressed very favorably with his new incumbency. He had planned to go down to the dock when the boats came in with the girls; and, although aware that he could not attend the dance, he hoped that he might have a chance to talk to some fair one, if for only a moment. And he had always enjoyed just this sort of thing.
The whistle of the first boat sounded near the dock at a little after seven ; but to Tugwell's disappointment Long came in and told him to take charge until he went over to the dock and saw the boat in. As he sat down at the desk, he spoke to the guard book which lay open before him very softly but earnestly : "Damn it, I wonder if that bird thinks he is going to meet all of them." Later; when Long returned and reported a boat load of girls from Charleston, all of them "Queens of Utopia" — the sergeant's words — Tugwell spoke again :
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"Look here, Long, I want to meet the next hoat ; you hang around here and let me go over. I want to see some of these queens you are so gone on."
Long laughed and told him there was no chance. But when the next boat's whistle sounded on the bay, he came in and told Tugwell to heat it over to the dock. And Tugwell heat it as directed, — rather, as permitted.
The boat was from Beaufort; and, though the night had fallen, the dock lights showed its decks generously lined with girls. The landing was made, and trie girls, with just a little appearance of crowding, came down the gang plank to the dock. Tugwell stood by, very impressive for a corporal, with his big Colt automatic hanging from his duty belt and with a mien that would have done justice at least to a Brigadier. Other than getting the name and port of the craft and the hour of its arrival, there was no official duty involved.
There were gir.ls of all types, ranging from blondes to brunettes, with some from each of those inter- mediate categories. To Tugwell's eye, accustomed to looking over companies of raw and sun-blistered recruits usually with unveiled disapproval, they were a beautiful array. Indeed he found them very easy to look at.
With studied care he had stationed himself near the gang plank, so that every one coming off the boat had to pass in front of him. Out of a crowd of so many girls it was difficult to single out any one. He was all eyes for all. But his eager gaze at length rested on the laughing face of one. Tug- well never knew, nor probably ever worried over trying to learn, why he saw and continued to look at this one girl from all the crowd : he always accepted it as only logical and natural that he should have done so. Presently the girl was passing" right in front of him. He leaned over toward her and saluted, at the same time saying lightly :
"May I have the first dance?"
Of course he could not go to the dance ; but he had to say something, and that was at once the most sensible and most senseless thing he could think of and he was not sure he had thought of it at all. It came to him of its own accord, and he was as much surprised as the girl. Several of the other girls looked toward Tugwell and the girl he had addressed with surprised amusement. She looked up at Tug- well.
"Why, can you dance?" she asked, as if such a feat were incredible.
"With your permission," assured the sergeant of the guard. He fell in beside the girl and laughed lightly. The Marine at his post on the dock saw his corporal and grinned.
"Well, since you are so early in asking, 1 guess you may," said the girl, laughing.
"Well, who is he, Mary?" inquired one of the girls.
"So your name's Mary?" suggested Tugwell.
"Yes; my name's Mary."
They were walking along the bridge now, which leads from the dock to the main road of the island. Scarcely fifty yards from the end of the bridge, and on the left side of the road leading from the dock, stands the Administration Building, and just beyond
it is the Lyceum, where the dance would be given.
"Say," said Tugwell more seriously, "J am sergeant of the guard tonight — "
"Oh," returned the girl. She stood up very straight. "Salute the sergeant!" And she saluted with mock seriousness.
For a moment Tugwell was disconcerted, then In- laughed.
"What I mean is — " he started to explain.
"Aren't you going to return my salute?" The girl still held her hand at a stiff salute.
"Pardon me for my breach of military etiquette," said the sergeant of the guard. "I am so used to being saluted." He smiled and saluted with a quick movement. Even a Second Lieutenant could have found no fault with it — the salute, not the smile.
"1 meant, I can't be at the dance — ' he continued.
"Can't be at the dance," repeated the girl. "Then can you tell me why you asked for the first dance? Of all things!"
"Until late," offered Tugwell lamely.
"Yes ; you see I must go hack to the guard house and report the boat. Of course I can't be there for the first number, but I'll be there pretty soon."
He made his position clear before he left the girl at the Lyceum door. He could not tell how much of his explanation sounded plausible to her; lint he assured her that he would be back sometime before the dance was over.
Back at the guard house he swore jubilantly to Long that he was to dance with the prettiest girl in the crowd.
"It's mighty little dancing you'll do tonight, big boy," prophesied the lanky sergeant.
"You just watch me," returned Tugwell. And he then went into rhapsodic details about the girl he had talked to, the enthusiasm of which the sergeant did not appear to enter into; for hearing about it all only served to increase his chagrin at being unable to be there.
Presently the officer of the day came in.
"Is all well?" he asked.
"Yes, sir," answered Long.
The O. D. then turned to Tugwell.
"Are you the sergeant of the guard?" he demanded.
"Yes, sir," answered that young man uneasily.
"What's the reason that man over on post number six doesn't know where the fire plugs are?"
The sergeant of the guard tried to "pass the buck", a very common expedient.
"The sergeant I relieved didn't tell me anything about them, sir."
"Well, I'll give you just fifteen minutes to find them. That man had better know where to find them next time I'm out there," announced the O. D.
"Aye, aye, sir," said Tugwell, and he was off to post number six.
"You want to see that he finds those fire plugs, sergeant," said the O. D. to Long. Then he added, "I've just got back from one inspection of the posts; I'm going over to my room. If anything happens, let me know." He left the guard house and went over toward the building in which the room assigned to the officer of the day during his tour of duty.
Over at post number six the sergeant of the guard was not meeting with any great success. After looking
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around for about twenty minutes, he was able to locate only one fire plug. Finally he gave up the search, and telling the man then on post to show the plug to the man who relieved him, he returned to the guard house. He was very eloquent in telling Long of the elusive quality of fire plugs. Tugwell was a good non-com and his orders were always carried out to the letter. That he was unable to carry out the order of the (). D. was giving him not a little worry.
Either the sergeant of the guard or the commander of the guard has to be in the guard house at all times ; — except in case there is good reason for one to leave in the absence of the other ; — so between sitting at the desk and keeping the reliefs on the job, Tugwell was so busy for the next few hours that he could not get a dozen paces away from the place. It was nearly eleven o'clock when he started around to make his inspection of posts, which had to be made before midnight.
He made the rounds with relative equanimity, con- sidering the unusual occasion for excitement, until he neared post number nine. But he was drawn from the orderly execution of his inspection when be came into full view of the Lyceum. He had intended to come back to the Lyceum at his first opportunity as he had told the girl. But now that the opportunity was at hand, he had a decided quaking at the prospect of disgressing from his line of duty. He knew full well that no interpretation of duty would allow him to go in and stay any length of time. But the brilliantly lighted Lyceum, with the sight of the figures as they whirled by the windows, was too much for him, and he was drawn on to the door ; to the first dance room door he had entered in many months. He stepped into the large room, resolving that he would only stay for a minute or two.
The place was ablaze with decoration. Lines of many colored Japanese lanterns hung from post to post, and between them were strips of red and yellow paper. There were clusters of green palm fronds here and there, with an occasional boxed palm. The electric lights were shaded alternately with yellow and red paper. And the non-coms were in the height of saltitorial merriment. And the girls — they smiled and laughed and danced. These girls were from the South and, true to tradition, beautiful. But Tugwell suddenly began to realize that it was not so much the dance in the abstract that had so drawn him to the scene of it. Following this there came over him the realization that the scene was incomplete. Since the landing of the Beaufort boat, he had not carried so much desire to come back to the dance as the thought of a girl whom he had left there, a girl with a mocking manner and laughing eves. He did not know now, as he learned later, that her eyes were brown; but be did know that thev laughed; and the girl's laugh was licflit and free. And now he could not see her. Surelv she was somewhere in that maze of swirling couples ; but he could not distinguish her.
Suddenlv his look of expectancy changed to one of consternation ; for across the floor came striding the officer of the day.
"Are you looking for me?" demanded that indi- vidual, coming up to the sergeant of the guard.
"No, sir; I'm looking for one of the corporals of my battalion. He was going to bring my mail out to me. fie failed to come by the guard house, so I thought I'd stop by here and see him," answered the sergeant of the guard. Under the circumstances, bis conscience did not hold the mendacity against him.
"Do you want me to have him located?" offered the ( ). D., visibly relieved.
"No, sir; it doesn't amount to much; 1 probably didn't get any," answered Tugwell with strained lightness.
"Oh, all right." Then, "Is all well?"
"Yes, sir; all's well." And he added to himself, "That ends well."
But as the O. D. did not have access to the other's thoughts, he merely remarked, "If anything happens let me know."
"Yes, sir," replied Tugwell; "I'm going around now inspecting posts."
The O. D. was apparently satisfied with this, and moved off toward a young person whom he had left at sight of Tugwell.
The orchestra ceased playing. There was some clapping of hands. Then the couples started moving around ; some forming small groups. Tugwell was watching with noticeable eagerness. And then the dance took on the color for him that he had desired ; for he found among the scores of persons on the floor the one he had searched for. She saw him at the same instant, and, smiling brightly, came over to where he was standing, apparently unable to move. As she made her way towards him through the idle couples with the natural grace of Euphrosyne, he would almost have forsworn his corporal's chevrons just to be with her for the remainder of the dance.
"You certainly are prompt; and to think, you even asked for the first dance," she said with pleasant irony.
"I am late," he explained with perspicuity. And then with more relevance, "But I couldn't get off."
"Sergeant of the guard must be a very exacting office," observed the girl.
Tugwell looked at her and grinned ruefully. "It is," he returned with mock gravity.
The music started up again, and the dancers began
"Now you see how exacting the duty of sergeant of the guard is; if it were not for it, we might be dancing," lamented the man thus incumbent. Then his face brightened up a bit. "Do you want to go out and walk?" he suggested. "Paris Island has some redeeming features, and under certain conditions I believe it might be even pretty."
So they left the brilliant Lyceum, and went out to learn that Paris Island could be pretty on proper occasions. When they were on the small uncovered porch which reaches out from the door to the side- walk, Tugwell stopped abruptly. Sergeant Long was coming up the steps.
"Hello, Long, where've you started?" exclaimed Tugwell.
"Eh, ah, — hello. Tug. you here? I thought you were inspecting posts," answered Long, somewhat confused.
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"And so 1 am. I am now inspecting post number nine, and find all well." At this the three laughed. Tugwell then remembered formalities. "This is Sergeant Long, Miss — ' he said, turning to the girl; "Miss Mary ," and he stopped.
"Harvey," supplied the girl.
"Miss Harvey, I'm mighty glad to know yon," said the sergeant, taking the proffered hand in a strong grip, forgetting, — for one's memory is likely to fail in such details after a year or more on the island, — that there are hands unsuited to a vice.
"Thank yon," said Miss Harvey.
"Look here, Long," interpolated Tugwell: "the O. D. is in there. Lie has seen me. It won't do for him to see both of us over here."
"Well," temporized Long, "what do yon propose ' should be done ?"
"Since I was here first, I would suggest that yon yield the point and go hack to the guard house," laughed the sergeant of the guard.
"But," asked the commander of the guard, "where do I come in ?"
"At the guard house," was the answer.
"Yours is a heartless sense of humor," replied Long with a wry grin. He looked in through the window at the festivity. "But I suppose you are right. You win. But I'll say it's mighty hard to lose."
"It's the fortunes of war, Sergeant; if that's any consolation," said the girl.
"Rather the misfortunes, I would say," returned the Sergeant, with a how. They all laughed lightly; Tugwell a bit happily, possibly.
But the Sergeant, after bidding the girl good-night and jokingly warning Tugwell that he would have his revenge, turned and strode back toward the guard house. No doubt it was a heavy hearted sergeant that sat at the desk and waited for his senior corporal to come in and tell him of the wonderful amiability of the man in the moon when one walks with the girl. But it is certain that when he had turned and made his way back to the guard house, he placed himself high in the regard of his senior corporal.
Corporal Tugwell turned toward the dock, and the girl placed her hand lightly on his arm. Neither of them spoke as they strolled along the sidewalk, in front of the Administration Building, and out toward the pier where the scattered lights showed some twelve or fifteen small craft drawn up and made fast for the night. The two larger boats which bad brought the girls from Charleston and Beaufort were drawn up at their pier, and the crew were either smoking and talking up on the deck or prowling around the barracks. The lone sentinel out there was leaning against the railing of the bridge and listening to the music of the dance which came out through the otherwise still night. He was the man on post number eight ; but the sergeant of the guard had no idea of inspecting post number eight as he passed the man on the bridge. That could be done later. The man, recog- nizing the sergeant of the guard, made no challenge. Probably he sighed instead ; for no doubt he could recall some night when he had walked along under the moon as the sergeant of the guard now walked. Romance was afoot on Paris Island that night, although it was a thing little known there.
They stopped when they had reached the further- most point of the pier where the larger boats discharge passengers. Across the water to the left were the lights of Beaufort, as it slept peacefully in the hollow of the bay. Farther around to the left, and nearer, for the mainland makes a semi-circle which includes Beaufort and holds Port Royal on one extremity, were the lesser lights of Port Royal. Tugwell looked over the water toward Beaufort, the old town around whose name clusters volumes of romance and legend, and asked :
"You live over there?"
"Yes."
"And to think, 1 have been on this island for over six months and you just across the bay."
"It's a pretty good swim," remarked the girl with a light laugh.
"Not so good as the Hellespont; but I grant you, a fairer Hero."
"But you know Leander was drowned."
"And never was a man drowned under better aus- pices ; for he won his Hero even then."
"Now try to think of something more cheerful," said the girl after a moment, " 'For old time is still a flying'."
"Fine! I know something vastly more cheerful. Passes are given to men assigned to duty on the island; sojourner's passes, they are called. The men who have them can go over to Beaufort at night when they are off duty." He paused and looked at her. "Do you get me?" he asked with a laugh.
"I must confess, you are roaming at large," answered the girl, at which he laughed again.
Then Tugwell was quite abstract.
"Some of the non-coms live over there ; that is. they are married, and their wives live in Beaufort," he said.
"You continue to roam," laughed the girl.
"What I mean is this: I have never applied for a sojourner's pass because I had no desire to go over to Beaufort ; but now I know some one over there and have a longing for travel. Then, too, I have always said that the first time I ever got off this island, I was going to stay. I have been trying to get a transfer that would show me a German. The last time I asked, the sergeant-major for a transfer, he promised to transfer me to the cook school if I ever bothered him again. But a sojourner's pass, now, that's a different matter; I can get one of them."
"It must be terrible to be marooned out here," said the girl.
"Yes ; I intend to get a sojourner's pass right away."
"Why, you haven't given up hope of being trans- ferred?" exclaimed the girl.
"In fact I intend to ask for it tomorrow," he continued. He looked at the girl and laughed.
"Look over there!" cried the girl, pointing to a small, swift craft which was at that moment passing up the bay, occasionally sweeping a long finger of light over the water. "Is that a sub-chaser?"
"Yes," answered Tugwell ; "they watch for some- thing around here all the time, but nothing ever happens except drill period."
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Presently Tugwell espied a small row boat near them.
"Let's take that little wagon over there out for a ride," he suggested, indicating the boat.
The girl laughed. "Can you push it?"
"Watch me," promised Tugwell.
"That's right, I forgot your name is 'Tug'."
"Who told you. You know I had forgotten all about names. There is a little more to it : George Tugwell, Corporal, 429th company. That's my intro- duction, complete although belated." He was forced to laugh. "But who told you?" he repeated.
"Why, Sergeant Long."
"Oh, sure. Well that's great; introduced you to Long before 1 introduced myself."
Tugwell was in his favorite domain now. The girl sat at the stern of the boat, while he plied the oars idly along the shore. The fact that he was somewhat off the usual route followed in inspection of the posts did not cross his mind for a time. Indeed, ordinary guard duty had ceased to occupy his thoughts; not that he was an inferior sort of Marine — he was a good one, but he knew perfectly well that Sergeant Long could run the guard house during the slack hours. This was the one night since he had been on Paris Island that he had an opportunity to talk to a girl. He would finish up his postponed inspection in plenty of time, and nothing would ever suffer from it. This was his sub-conscious excuse for enjoying the boat ride.
The moon was well up now, and it was light enough to row along the shore with safety. The music from the Lyceum back there came out over the water to them. Tugwell had never talked with more ease. He told the girl that he was from Kentucky. He told her of his school days there; of his life while at the state university; of his career in varsity basket- ball. In fact, he told her everything that he could think of ; and he seemed to be able to think with great facility. He learned that the girl, who was proving such a fine "partner of the dance", had studied music at Salem ; liked to row, to swim, and to dance. This Tugwell, one of the most sentient of males, was undeniably realizing. All this was going on while the man in the moon drove his pale gray steed across the cloudless sky in his never ending search of adventure, never finding any for himself but always sharing in that of others. This inde- fatigable man did not shout the hours as they passed; so it happened that 1 A. M. arrived and the dance back there in the Lyceum was over. Tugwell noticed that the music did not start up again, and that all signs announced the dance to be over; so he bent to his oars and fairly lifted the small boat over the water. After making the boat fast where they had found it, they hurried back to the Lyceum.
"What do you know about that?" exclaimed the sergeant of the guard. "And I've not vet finished that inspection." I le added with a touch of alarm, "The watch has been changed ; new men went on at twelve o'clock." Then he remarked a bit whimsi- cally, "1 wonder if the O. T). is still at the dance."
"What if he is?" said the girl.
"Oh, nothing; he's as far away from his inspection as I. I wonder what Long is doing. T suppose he will have it in for me now."
Some of the girls rushed up to them as they stepped into the room. "Where on earth have you been, Mary?" one of them asked.
"Out on the river," Mary answered promptly. "We found a wonderful little boat and went for a row." She left the sergeant of the guard with them and hurried to get her coat.
"Yes;" he corroborated, "we have been on sea duty for the evening."
The girl was back in two or three minutes. She took Tugwell's arm, and they walked back across the bridge.
"I'm going to try to get my pass tomorrow," said he. "If I get it, I'll be in Beaufort tomorrow night."
The girl by his side laughed softly. "You don't know where I live," she reminded him.
"I know you live in Beaufort ; that's enough for me," he assured her.
They walked on for a few steps. "Have you a pen or a pencil?" asked the girl.
"A pen or a pencil?" echoed Tugwell.
"Yes ; I want to make a little note."
Tugwell was a bit puzzled, but he extracted a short pencil from his pocket. He had put it there while at the guard house desk. He handed it to her.
The girl found a bit of paper in a coat pocket ; and holding it against the railing of the bridge, she wrote something on it. They were standing just under a bridge light.
"Now put this in your pocket; don't read it until the boat is gone," she said, having finished the note.
Of course Tugwell did not understand ; but he put the bit of paper in his pocket as directed. "Suppose I take it out when we come to the next light ?" he laughed.
"In that case I would request it back," she laughed.
"If that's the case, I'll obey orders," laughed the sergeant of the guard.
It seemed an incredibly short time to Tugwell before the crowd was almost all aboard. The last chaperon had gone up the gang plank. The girl held out her hand and smiled up at Tugwell.
"Goodbye," she said.
It was then that the sergeant of the guard did something quite out of the line of duty, and quite on the spur of the moment. Her lips were so close and so warm looking. He leaned over and kissed her. He straightened up instantly; but the girl turned and ran up the gang plank. At the top she paused only long enough to look back at him standing there motionless, as if he feared she would scorn him forever. She flashed a bright smile on him and was gone into the crowd. The boat lights were sufficient for him to see the smile. He turned with a smile of great relief on his face, and found himself face to face with the officer of the day.
"A fine night for boat riding," remarked the O. D.
"Eh? Yes, sir; fine," returned the sergeant of the guard with a start.
"That was one more fine dance," continued the ( ). D. warmly.
The officer was quite amiable, and Tugwell decided to try no dissimulation.
"Yes, sir ; a success, T would say."
The Carolina Magazine
27
They turned and left the dock together. At the first bridge light Tugwell stopped. He took the hit of paper from his pocket, while the ( ). I), looked on questioningly. Tugwell read the note:
My last name is not Harvey — that is my middle name. My name is Miss Mary Harvey ."
He looked up at the O. D.
"What is it?" asked the latter.
Tugwell explained the note; after which the O. D. laughed good-naturedly.
"Oh, if that's all that worries you, why come along. 1 believe you are on your rounds oi inspection; so am I. Let's finish that."
"But — " stammered Tugwell.
"Oh, yes; that's easy. She is Major Bellamy's daughter. I would say you are very much in luck," laughed the O. D.
"Major Bellamy?"
"Yes; he lives over in Beaufort. No, he's not in the service now — retired. So you see why I say you are in luck."
Tugwell's face cleared. "1 see," he said; "1 hope to tell you I'm in luck." Then he added as they swung into step toward the barracks, "You are right; I have not finished my inspection — let's go."
Sonnet Accompanying a Volume of Keats
John Terry
While I, dear friend, went wondering carelessly
Within a little store, stacked high with books, The other day, and glanced around to see
W7hat treasure 'mid the dross in some small nooks Might meet my eye, a box marked Keats, and there
Beneath the name, "Limp Leather," smiled at me ! So long its rest, no more the box was fair,
But it had kept its treasure. . . . Happily My memory turned to you, and here's the rare,
Sweet finding ; precious jewels made from song By alchemist who worked with beauty . . . Share
With me these jewels, they to you belong: These crystals made by alchemist in love, His beauty's immortality will prove.
The Promised Land
1 >AVID REID I [ODGl X
The Promised Land ....
Ah, where is that far-off, divine, long-Iooked-for goal
That land of which men dream?
For which humanity is crying?
Is it
Across the river of Life and Death,
In a land of Summer sun,
Of pleasant, peaceful, golden streets,
And winged angels, playing harps oi gold.''
Ah, no!
The Promised 1 .and is here
Where you and 1 have lived.
Shall live;
We, in ourselves, are gods;
This earth our Paradise,
( )ur Heaven.
There is no river to be crossed!
There is no death !
The sun goes down at night,
(And darkness falls)
And yet, upon the morrow,
Returns to shine again.
The sun's light never dies ;
No good is e'er, can e'er be, lost ;
Only the base and the vile decay.
There are no dead !
The departed speak ....
They are the seeds of full-grown trees,
Scattered by the winds of time.
Only to take root again,
Springing forth in newer, greater lives.
There is no end of living thing, or thought, or deed
Only Death can die,
Life is immortal.
The wages of sin is — sorrow ; The reward of virtue, happiness Of our own lives, and as we will, We make a heaven or hell.
iiiiii!iiiii:ii iiiiii iiiiiii i i iniiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiii 1111:111 n i iiuiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiniNiiiiiiiiii nr iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiniiiiiiii;i!inii]iiiiiii[;ii ; miinii i n iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
How to Beat Yale and Virginia Every Year in
Football
The magic recipe for accomplishing the above-named marvel will not be written by one man only, but by many, and from the composite whole we may confidently expect to gain knowledge which we have always longed for, partly gained, but never quite fully put into practice.
READ IT IN THE NOVEMBER NUMBER
44
Big Tom" Wilson and the Finding of the Body of Professor Mitchell
By George JV. McCoy
THE present generation of students knows nothing or hardly anything about the death of the distin- guished scientist Professor Elisha Mitchell, the first to measure the height of the mountain that now bears his name and to establish the fact that Mitchell's Peak is the highest east of the Rocky Mountains. There is general lack of knowledge among the public as to how, and by whom the body was found. For this reason, if no other, the writer happening upon a copy of a manuscript, entitled "A Sketch of Thomas D. ('Big Tom') Wilson," written by Harold E. Johnston of Asheville, N. C, decided that the facts of the sketch and the story in "Big Toms" own words of how he found the professor would interest readers of The Magazine.
To summarize the sketch :
Thomas D. Wilson the veteran bear hunter, trapper, and guide familiarly known as "Big Tom," was born on the Toe (Indian name Estatoe ) River in Yancey County, N. C, December 1, 1825. The region was then an almost unbroken wilderness.
To the south lay the Blue Ridge, to the north were the peaks of the great Smoky Mountains. The life in the wilds developed Wilson into a figure tall, straight, lithe, rawboned and sinewy, possessing a rugged constitution and he acquired in his rovings a knowledge of woodcraft such as few men ever pos- sess.
After marrying Niagara Ray at the age of twenty- seven he moved near the head waters of the Cane River in Yancey County in the vicinity of which he continued to live the rest of his life.
Hunting and trapping were his favorite pursuits, and during his life one hundred and fourteen bears, besides a number of deer and smaller game fell victims to his skill.
He served during the Confederate War as chief musician in the brigade commanded by Gen. Robert B. Vance. In after years he used to take down from the mantel of his humble fireside his old fife and play for his visitors the martial strains that cheered the boys in gray to battle or the mournful strains of the dirge sounded for those who had fallen in conflict or succumbed in the camps, as their bodies were laid to rest
' 'Neath the sod and the dew, Awaiting the judgment day."
"Big Tom" first came into prominence in 1857 as the leader of the party of searchers that found the body of Mitchell. After the finding of the body by Wilson he was one of the most noted and picturesque figures in the western part of the state, but sad to say his deeds are not now widely known.
Mr. Johnston to hear the story of the finding of the body of Professor Mitchell from the lips of the finder journeyed to the home of Wilson in the month of May, 1905. After the usual preliminaries the old
man leaning back against an apple tree near the house, began his narrative :
"lie had been missing seven days before the search began. I was living then about two miles and a half above here on the river ....
In the evening one day I looked out of the door of my home and saw two men approaching the house, who proved to be John Stepp and Charley Mitchell, a son of the Professor. They asked if a man named Mitchell had been near my house. I said "No, I haven't seen him." They said he had left the Patton House on the Buncombe County side of the Black- Mountains the Saturday before, about noon, and was to have met them the following Monday morning on Elizabeth Rock to go to work surveying and measur- ing again.
I said then: "If he hasn't been here, and did not return to where he was to have met you, he is dead on that mountain." They thought that possibly that coming down off the mountain he might have wan- dered down on the Cat Tail Fork of Cane River and that they might find him there, so they went around up on that Fork and searched there without success.
The next morning I looked out the door and saw Tisdale Stepp coming, and said to my wife, "Mother, that poor old man is dead on the mountain." Then I sent Logan Thomason, a boy who was staying with me, down to the settlement to give the alarm, and Jim and Adoniram Allen, Burt Austin and Bryce McMahan came to help me search.
We went up on the mountain to what is known as the "Beach Nursery" and there heard some one halloo. I said : "That was Uncle Jesse Stepp and I guess they have found the body." They said : "No."
It was late in the afternoon so we all turned back to my house to spend the night.
Next morning we started back to the "Beech Nur- sery" and when we reached the Blue Sea Fork of Cane River we sent some of the men up the creek with orders to search it thoroughly, and the rest of the men and myself went to the top of the mountain to where the Buncombe and Yancey trails join. And there met Charlie, f asked him if the body had been found. He said : "No."
We went on to the Patton house near the foot of the mountain on the Buncombe County side of the mountain, and there met Zeb Vance and about sixty men, who had come to help in the search. We were joined there by the party I had sent to search the Blue Sea Fork.
Rations were scarce so we sent a man to Darbys Mill to get some flour, another to Asheville to get rations, and killed a heifer for beef. This was on Monday nine days after Professor Mitchell had dis- appeared.
The search up to this time had been principally made upon the Buncombe side ot the Blacks,
The Carolina Magazine
29
no traces of the missing man having been discovered on the Yancey side, that had been led by Flridge and Fred Burnett, two old bear hunters.
Some were for abandoning the search and waiting until decomposition having set in, the buzzards circling around over the body, should point out its location.
The man who had given the directions to Professor Mitchell regarding the way to my house told me that he had told the professor that it was about four miles from the top of Elizabeth Rock to where the trail leading to my house turned down the mountain. I also remembered that in conversation with Wm. Wilson, who guided Professor Mitchell the first time he visited the peak, he had told me that in taking Mitchell from Yeate's Knob to the Peak they had crossed the top of the little Pine Mountain, arrived at a little garden patch about a quarter of an acre in extent, just before arriving on top of the high peak, and about one hundred and fifty yards further came out on top of the high peak. Turning the two pieces of information in my mind, I arrived at the conclusion that if any trace of Professor Mitchell was ever found it would be somewhere between that little garden patch, William Wilson had spoken of, and my house.
So I told Vance and his crowd that up to that time T had been letting the old men search and that now I was going to search ; that I was going to take my crowd back to the Little Mountain House that night, and next day go by way of Little Pine Mountain, where William Wilson had carried Mitchell up when he went to the peak the first time, and begin my search from there.
We went back to the mountain house and spent the night, and next day went to the Little Pine Mountain and searched all day without success.
Next morning Burt Austin and Bryce McMahan said they were going home.
Jim and Adoniram Allen and myself then went to the garden patch (or prairie) just below Mitchell's Peak, scattered out, and began searching. Presently Adoniram Allen said : "Come here ! Here is a man's track." Austin and McMahan hadn't left yet.
Wre went and examined the track, which was in the moss at the side of the trail leading down toward my house. Austin said: "It ain't a man's track, its a bear track." After examining it I said: "No, it's a man's track." I followed the footprints in the moss down the mountain a little way and found on the root of a tree a plain footprint that showed the prints of the tacks in the shoes. f said: "Come on, boys, here's his track!" Austin said: "How do you know it's his track? It's a bear's track!" I says to him: "Look here! You never saw a bear's foot with tacks in it!"
We then backtracked the tracks to the prairie and there met Bob Patton of Ivey, Tom Westall and a fellow named Burgin, and asked them if they were there "On a visit to the peak, or hunting Mitchell?" They said : "Hunting Mitchell." I says : "We have found his track down here on the river."
We sent word back by Burgin to the crowd headed by the Burnetts that we had found Mitchell's trail, then we went back to where he had found the foot- print on the root of a tree and ate dinner.
We could see no further tracks so after dinner we scattered and began searching again. I followed a bear's trail a short distance and found a rotten pine log, and there on the log was the plain print of a man's foot. I called Bob Patton and the rest of the boys and showed them the footprints on the log, then trailed further calling as 1 did so: "Here boys ! Here's where he's went !"
Bob Patton says : "How can you say, 'Here's where he's went' when you couldn't track a horse here ?" Says I: "Come here and I'll show you where he's went twenty-five yards ahead!" Pie says: "I'll be glad if you'll do so!" 1 broke a twig off of a laurel bush and showed him both sides of the leaves. Says I : "The outside of these leaves is dark green, and the inside light green. Now look ahead and see where he's turned up the white side of those laurel leaves breaking his way thro' that thicket." I le slapped me on the shoulder and said "Go ahead ! I'll follow you, let you go where you will !"
I went ahead of the party trailing, and came to where Professor Mitchell had been stepping sideways to where he could view a fire scald on the face, of a nearby mountain, probably thinking it was someone's field. He had then gone in the direction of the fire scald to a branch and turned down the branch. For a short distance the tracks showed he had gone around the big logs that had fallen across the branch. Near the big creek the tracks showed he had gone straight down the branch, over logs and through the pools to the big creek. I says : "Boys, here's where night has overtaken him, or else he should have dodged those big logs." He had scraped the moss off the logs with his shoes and the seat of his trousers, as he went over them. Then he had taken down the bed of the big creek, making no turns for pools or falls.
I followed the trail down the creek for a short distance then calling the boys to me, said to them : "If he intended to go down the creek, here's where we'll find him, for by the looks of the timber here, there's a fall just below here about fifty feet high."
The boys crossed the creek and made their way through the thickets down the mountain side, while I still followed the trail down the creek.
Near the top of the falls he had turned to the right and followed a bear's trail which led around the top of the falls, indicating that the roar of the falls had warned him of danger and he had turned aside to escape it. While following the bear trail at the to]) of the falls his feet bad seemingly slipped and hung in some roots. He pitched over, face foremost, slid down the rock forty-five feet and fell clear fifteen feet into the pool of water fifteen feet deep.
I looked down and could see nothing so turned to the right and went down the mountain to the lower end of the pool, where a mountain birch log had fallen across it. I walked out on the log and saw his hat, and called to the boys but they did not answer. I called again and they answered. I then says : "Come here bovs, here's his hat !" Then I walked across the log and around up the rock on the left side of the falls, ( facing downstream) and underneath a pine log that had fallen over the falls, I saw his body, and called to the boys : "Here he
30
The Carolina Magazine
is! Poor old fellow!" They says: "Have you found him?" I says: "Yes, here he is! Poor old fellow!"
The body was floating, doubled over, face down- ward, arms hanging down, seemingly caught on a bough of the log. Bob Patton says : "Let's raise no false alarm! Let's touch the body first!" I went out and cut a Peruvian cherry pole and touched the body with it. He was dressed in light hempen clothing such was was worn in that day and time.
The body had been in the water eleven days when I found it, and we had to wait for the coroner to come from Burnsville to view the remains before removing the body from the water.
On the thirteenth day after Professor Mitchell dis- appeared, the body was taken from the water, and after being viewed by the coroner, was sewed in some tow sacking and then the question arose as to where it should be buried.
Some favored burying it on a near-by ridge, but I would not consent to the proposition, and told the crowd if some of them would help me we would carry the body to the top of the peak and bury it there.
We cut a pole, ran it between the body and sacking, shouldered the load and carried it to the to]) of the peak.
There we were met by a great crowd from Bun- combe, who said that a public mass-meeting had been held in Asheville on receipt of the news of the finding of the body, and the meeting resolved that the body should be brought to Asheville and buried there.
That made me and my men mad and we asked them that if the Asheville people were going to say where the body should be buried, why hadn't they come and searched for the body and found it. That we had found the body and were the ones to say where it should be buried. For a few minutes things looked lively and very much like there would be a fight.
Finally Zeb Vance called me aside and told me that Professor Mitchell's children requested that the body be turned over to him, and 1 told him that while I thought the body ought to be buried on the top of the mountain which he had lost his life exploring, yet as the children requested it, and the body was all of their father that was left to them
now, we would waive all the claims to the body and let his children say where it should be buried.
So we turned the body over to the children and it was taken to Asheville and buried in the Presby- terian Church- Yard there.
Clingman afterwards withdrew his claim to having been the first to measure the height of the peak, and about a year after Prof. Mitchell lost his life, his body was taken up, carried to the top of the Peak and buried there, and a few years ago bis children erected a monument over the grave where their father sleeps."
Mr. Johnston concludes:
The tale being finished the old man sat lost in revery, his body leaning forward, his chin resting on his hands crossed over the handle of his walking stick, his eyes gazing out at the mountains he loved so well, hidden among which is one on whose summit is a lonely grave. lie was living over in memory those scenes of the distant past.
The writer leaned back in his chair to rest and noted the changes time had wrought in the person of his beloved friend.
The powerful frame once erect is now bent under the weight of years, and leaning upon a cane he walks' with the uncertain step of the aged.
^ sK ^ ^
In its frail tenement the lamp of memory burns with a flickering flame, threatening at any moment to be extinguished forever, and the story told above has perhaps fallen upon mortal ears for the last time in any intelligible manner.
The shadows of evening were falling athwart the landscape as the writer arose to depart. The old man roused from bis reverie, accompanied him to the gate, shook his hand in parting, asking him to call again, then he turned and with feeble steps entered bis bumble home.
Thus ends the sketch of the life of this resolute woodsman of the days that are forever past. The writer believes that the memory of such men as "Big Tom" Wilson should be preserved and hopes that this sketch will help to revive interest in these brave pioneers of a heroic age that is in the past.
The Carolina Magazine
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Contributing Editors
G. B. PORTER
W. W. STOUT
JONATHAN DANIELS
E. J. LHPFERT
W. P. HUDSON
HUBERT HEFFNER
W. E. HORNER
W. C. PROCTOR
D. R. HODGIN
Editor-in-Chief TYRE TAYLOR, Di.
Business Manager P. A. REAVIS, Jr., Phi.
Assistant Editor PHILLIP HETTLEMAN, Phi.
Assistant Business Managers
W. E. MATHEWS
C. T. WILLIAMS
Associate Editors
C. T. BOYD, Di.
W. L. BLYTHE, Di.
C. W. PHILLIPS, Di.
DAN BYRD, Phi.
J. A. BENDER
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Contents
November, 1920
PAGE
Editorial ■• 3
THE WORLD AND NORTH CAROLINA
The Election and Candidates — W. C. Proctor - 6
A Thought for the Hour — Archibald Henderson 8
The Discrimination Against North Carolina — P. A. Keavis, Jr ; 9
What it Costs to Become Governor of North Carolina — Charles T. Boyd 9
Vote for Hon. Aeolian Victrola for Congress — Tyre Taylor 11
Is My Hat on Straight, I'm Going to Vote , 11
Natural Religion — D. R. Hod gin 12
Tfie Passing Conversation — Garland Porter 12
The Passing of Victor Bryant — William E. Horner. 14
CHATS ON SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS
Science and the War 10
A Universal Subject '. 17
SHORT STORIES, SKETCHES AND VERSE
O. Henry, Artist and Fun-Maker — Archibald Henderson 18
The Haloed Days — Garland B. Porter ■ 20
Our Revival — Wilbur Stout 20
Spirits of Turpentine 21
Tax Listin' — Wilbur Stout 21
'Lections — Wilbur Stout 21
At Mars — Wilbur Stout .' 21
The Story of the Young Prince — }rasuo Taketouii 22
A Romany Song — 6". ./. Parhaiu, Jr 21
McIntyre's Farmhouse and its Story — LcGcttc Blythe 23
Hatter as — /?.' L. Gray, Jr 24
To Emilie Rose Knox — Garland B. Porter 24
Alan Seegar — Hubert Heffncr 2$
Fireflies to Follow — Garland B. Porter 20
Girls — D. P. Hodgin 20
The Singing Basket — Norn de Plume 20
A Kiss— S. J. Parham 2.0
Why Do Girls Close Their Eyes When You Kiss 'Em? 21
The College Widow and the Baby Vamp — Jonathan. Daniels 28
Frost— D. Ji. Hodgin 29
The Isle of Music — Garland B. Porter 29
TO OUR PATRONS
The Carolina Magazine is strictly a college publication. No copyrighted material will be received, no article will be paid for, and all material carried in The Carolina Magazine is released for the press directly upon publication. The Board reserves the right to revise to a limited degree any manuscript submitted, but will not publish revised articles until consent of author is obtained. Address all contributions to Tyre Taylor, Editor-in-Chief, Carolina Magazine, Chapel Hill, N. C.
Subscription price $1.50 a year — 20 cents a copy
Entered as second class matter at the Postoftice at Chapel Hill, N. C, November 1, 1920.
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.\ THE NEW CAROLINA MAGAZINE /.
Old Series Vol. 51
NOVEMBER, 1920
New Series Vol. 38
Editorial
A Call to Red- Blooded Action
The University must :
Quadruple its dormitory space;
Quadruple its feeding arrangements;
Treble its teaching and administrative space ;
Double its faculty and office force ;
Increase its salaries in accordance with the standards now prevailing.
Yes, these things must he done and quickly. The only question that can now face us is one of the means to he employed. How can the University plant be doubled in the shortest possible time? Those hundreds of men out in the state who are looking anxiously and eagerly to this institution cannot, will not, wait much longer. The years of their young manhood are swiftly passing; the time will come, and soon, when the chance for higher education will for them be gone forever. The men in this faculty who can command anywhere from 25% to &)'/'( increase in salary at other colleges will not stay much longer. It is plain to all that any un- necessary de lay means almost irreparable injury to the educational edifice in this state.
Then what is needed to prevent this delay? The sole answer is MONEY. We need money not in tens or hundreds of thousands, but in millions. Five mil- lion dollars are needed to carry out a program of en- largement for this University that will give to every boy and girl in North Carolina the equality of oppor- tunity that is now denied them. To students, alumni, and friends: To you comes a call to red-blooded ac- tion. Not an hour is to be lost.
Tyre Taylor.
Budgets for College Students
WE notice that the Federal Reserve System has issued pamphlets on "Budgets for Bachelors, Families, and Business Women." These pamphlets explain in detail how the budget system is used, and it can be easily applied to college life. Copies can be secured from the Federal Reserve (Richmond.) What a saving, what a training, and what an influence it would be if the students of CAROLINA would each adopt the budget system for his or her own individual finances. Many students come here and spend what money they bring without thinking, then they write home for more. Now if each student would take it upon himself to use only so much money per month, then divide this allowance, proportional parts for ne- cessities (including board and rent) and luxuries, our University would take a great forward step in the solving of the financial problem. This plan would eliminate much of the money thrown away for "little
nothings" and would be a valuable training lor the fu- ture business or professional man. Lessons in economy would thus be taught through actual practice, and the fundamental laws of "save for a rainy day" would thus manifest themselves in the everyday life of the student. Boys, let's give it a trial, and soon results will be forth- coming which will raise the standard of CAROLINA far above the other American colleges and universities.
P. A. Reavjs, Jr.
A Time for Everything
HAVE you ever realized that you live today for today, and that the opportunities of the day will never come again? There may be a chance today of a wonderful opportunity of development. It may pass by.
Have you, then, a right to lay aside anything that will tend to make you a more successful man or a more happy being? There are obligations to meet in regard to the physical, intellectual, and moral life. Then, are you doing right if you curb any side of your life? Don't you owe it to yourself to be the best man possible?
The thing that 1 am getting at is this: If you have studied for several hours and your mind is in a whirl, go to the "Pick." If you have mountains of work to do. but at the same time feel need of exercise, take that exercise. Instead of lying in bed Sunday morn- ing, get up and go to Sunday school. In other words, it working for high grades is going to weaken vour health, let high grades go to the wind. If being cooped up over a book, day in and day out, is going to warp your social and religious life, let that boning phase of college life alone. Have a time to go to a show, have a time to take exercise, to meet a friend, to carry on conversation and attend religious worship. Have a time for everything, and develop into an all-round vigorous manhood.
C. W. Phillips.
The Relationship Between Students and Faculty
BEFORE the war in '16 and '17 and always before that there was a great deal of calling along facul- ty row. This brought the student body and faculty to- gether in a social way and led to a close understanding between the two. In those days the students were more intimate with their professors, and the faculty met and really knew the men of the student body.
The University has grown rapidly and just as rapidly the students and faculty have drifted apart. Up until
The Carolina Magazine
the unfortunate S. A.
C. period the practice oi
students calling on faculty members on Sunday after- noon was widely followed but, somehow, this intimate and friendly relationship died during that period. It's a fact that even today a man cannot call on one oi his professors without being charged with "booting."
There has arisen in the past year the question as to bow to bring about a more intimate relationship be- tween faculty and students. If the old custom of Sun- day afternoon calls could be revived I believe that the greater part of the question would be removed. The faculty has missed the student callers and would gladly welcome a return of the fine, old custom.
Jonathan Daniels.
What Are the Women Going to Do?
A YOUNG lady of rather pronounced political be- liefs wrote us the other day that she thought it high time we were saying something about the new women voters. Of course we like nothing better than to talk when there is anything to say, but what com- ment is there to be made on this particular subject? Is not this rather a time for "watchful waiting" than remarks about a fact which has not as yet passed the experimental stage? Unless we are mistaken, the women have a considerable job ahead of them. They said they'd clean up politics, that they'd not sell their votes, and that they'd vote on principle rather than party.
Well, in the language of the street, it's up to the ladies to show their wares in the coming election in November. As between two machine-made would-be presidents, they have the League of Nations issue to guide them. The women seem to favor the League, but astute political observers say the woman vote will elect Harding just as it played havoc with Democratic hopes in Maine. In North Carolina they have the choice of voting for a case-hardened reactionary Dem- ocrat who has been a life-long opponent of equal suf- frage and a Republican. Which will it be? One won't do and the other is impossible. We have a sneaking suspicion that when the novelty ol the thing wears off the exercise of the duties ol citizenship are not going to be half as fascinating as it looked from the distance and that the millenium in politics will yet be a good way oil even after our women gel on the firing line. But al an)- rate, they can't make things any worse.
—Tyre Taylor.
Replies to Mr. Hodgin
To the Carolina Magazine :
IN the October edition of the Magazine appears an article entitled "The Lie About Russia." The title is well chosen, '["he author attempts to draw an anal- ogy between the situation in Russia in 1917 and that in America in 1776 and France in 1789. The wildest imagination of a Poe could not picture such a kin- ship to the American revolution, if possessed of all the facts.
The American republic had its birth from the labors of a struggle to achieve a heritage that was already ours. Our purpose was to hold on to all that we were entitled to, and to build up, not to tear down. The rights that we claimed were acknowledged rights as old as Anglo-Saxon civilization itself. Besides, the de- termination that we struggled for was American de- termination by Americans. The determination that Russian bolshevism contends for is world determina- tion, not by the combined peoples of the world, but by the "Internationale" of associated laborers of the world headed by a bewhiskered dictator at Moscow. We did not attempt to impose our infant ideas upon other free peoples by political agitation or by brutal force. Only a few weeks since, a convention of the bolshevist-bred minions assembled at Chicago cheered to the echo the Soviet government while aspiring to political power in this free country of ours. Almost every day. the sleuths of justice unearth a bolshevist- fostered bomb plot aimed at the practices of our free institutions.
Secretary Colby, in his recent note to Italy, says that, "The existing regime in Russia is based upon the negation of every principle of honor and good faith, and every usage and convention underlying the whole structure of international law; the negation, in short, of every principle upon which it is possible to base harmonious and trustful relations, whether of nations or individuals. The responsible leaders of the regime have frequently and openly boasted that they are wilb ing to sign agreements and understandings with for- eign powers while not having the slightest intention of observing such undertakings or carrying out such agreements." This is the "Truth About Russia," as expressed by the American Secretary of State under the direction of the American President. It is not to be supposed that this note was written hastily or with- out the consideration of the facts in the case. The American nation has never broken faith with the world.
There may be some relation between the situation in Russia and that of France in 1879; but it must be borne in mind that this first French revolution failed because it came under the control of a dictator who tried to impose the iron hand of tyrannv on the world. This colossal blunder was paid for by an unprecedented economic and social upheaval, and an enormous ex- penditure of blood and treasure. We must not forget (hat it was not from this tyrannic autocracy, which sought (o impose itself on a helpless world; but from the calmer self-determining reorganization of 1871, which sought not aggression abroad but stability at home, that the present responsible government of France was born.
Russia wouldn't hear to terms which would guaran- tee independent self-determination to Poland in the late struggle; but insisted upon the imposition of a regime that would be dominated by a minority class subservient to a bolshevist over-lord. This result was averted only by the success of the Polish arms.
The free nations of (he world do not seek to hinder the self-determination of the Russian people; but they do seek to save the world from being overwhelmed by a movement that would crush democracy, the fair- est flower of advancing civilization, a movement fos- tered in ignorance and darkness, and nurtured by the cruel hand of self-imposed force.
The ( !arolina Magazine 5
If Bolshevism sought only id determine the form not onl) to determine herself, bul to destroy the foun-
pf Russian government, we would weep at the mis- dations of stable government in the world, as Secretary
eries of a fallen sister, but would not seek to halt her Colby's note proves that she does, we must align
travail. And if from her agonies she should bring ourselves with the forces of light and "Peep through
forth something which gave promise of being workable the blanket oi the dark to cry 'Mold, bold.'' we would rejoice for her success. But when she seeks, W. E. WlLES.
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Why Come to College, Anyway? —
Ninety-five men out of every hundred are average individuals. Of course you belong to the select five, but that is another matter. Let us consider the case of the ninety-five. They're each spending from four to eight hundred dollars of their father's good money yearly, which added to the possible thou- sand or twelve hundred dollars that they could be making at an outside job makes the average cost of a year at Carolina in the neighborhood of from fifteen hundred to two thousand dollars, not counting interest and allowing plenty of room for variance in salaries. Now, what are the ninety-five getting in return for this rather large outlay? Considered in its broadest sense, is a college education worth to the average man what it costs? What factors are involved and what things should be taken into consideration in deciding a question of this nature? Mr. Porter makes an interesting analysis of this question in the December Number.
In the December Number —
The charge is being brought that the church has failed. The Inter- Church World Movement, which was to have carried the Christian religion to all parts of the earth and made the church a mighty force in present-day affairs fell through. Why? Was it because the impossible was attempted, or did the leaders go about it in the wrong way? Did the tremendous sum of money asked for tend to create in people's minds the idea that the spreading of the gospel was to be placed strictly on a money basis, or is the world not yet ready to accept the tenets of Christianity? Why do people go to picture shows and stay away from preaching? This highly important and timely question of what the future holds in store for organized Protestantism will be treated in a comprehensize way for CAROLINA MAGAZINE by Dr. Herman Harrell Home, of New York University. Dr. Home has written several books on religious subjects and is a recognized authority on the church. He is a graduate of this University. Read his article, "The Future of Organized Protestantism" in the December Number.
Editor's Note : The articles in the Opinion and Comment s;ction of Carolina Magazine represent merely the attitude of those who write them and are not, therefore, to be considered necessarily as the views of the publication itself. True names must accompany all contributions to this and other departments, though only the initials or a fictitious name will be printed if the writer so requests.
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The World and North Carolina
From the Student's Viewpoint
The future is dark. The fact that confronts us is world shortage of produc- tion, moral disintegration, the dwindling of population, the disil- lusion of a war fought in vain, the decay of in- dustries and the twilight of civilization.
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The Election and Candidates
By W. C. PROCTOR
At the time of this writing there seems to be small doubt that Warren (]. Harding will, on next March 4th, become the President of these United States. If ever a candidate was entitled to consider himself elected in advance, Mr. Harding is. The indications point to a rising tide, not of approval of the Republican candi- date, but of intense dislike of the Democrats. There is the wildest desire to express popular disapproval of Woodrow Wilson, and the men who have been win- ning in the recent elections are the ones who denounce or would amend the treaty. And about Mr. I larding no one can have the slightest delusions, lie is a sincere follower of Republicanism as it was practised from Lincoln to the advent of Roosevelt, lie is a reaction- ary, if ever there was one, because he advocates a re- turn to the policies of the Nineteenth Century, lie cannot call himself conservative because he does not wish to conserve the chief results of the last twenty years.
Certainly a good opportunity for the Democrats, eh? But let us look at the other horn of the dilemma. The opportunity of the Democrats to swing the progressive and liberal vote was enormous. But by their actions ye shall know them. As between an insincere pro- gressive, like Cox, and a candid reactionary, like Hard- ing, give us the reactionary every time. The Demo- crats have cheapened the currency, degraded moral purposes, exploited the generosity of a people and en- feebled their will. We will mention the two stains. First, tin- Treat v of Versailles and the war with Russia. After making a solemn written agreement before all mankind, and after failing to execute it, though they were struggling against enormous odds, they entered upon the unforgivable task of trying to pretend that they had kept their word in giving us eternal peace.
They stained the honor of this nation by waging an absolutely illegal war against a people with whom we have no quarrel — the Russians. Soldiers of both na- tions perished and the cruelty and hypocrisy oi the blockade is without parallel in history. Certainly no reactionary can equal this, and at any rate we will be saved the gibbered fetish about humanity. To sum up: Republicans promise through their senatorial oligarchy to be reactionary and the Democrats have been reaction-
ary. The one is bold and clean cut. The other has been cowardly and mean. And so Harding will be elected. It is a bitter fact to ponder, but not surprising, that there are only two political groups in America. hirst, the Democrats and Republicans, reactionary; second, the Socialist party, radical. With a few years, if affairs continue to move with their present almost stupefying swiftness the American Liberal party will loom up, perhaps not so strongly at first as it is in England at present, but it will be welcomed eagerly by those safe and sane American citizens who would steer the ship of state along the middle way between Scylla and Charybdis. And Red Communism and the Third International would be a many-headed Charybdis to present-day America.
Never before were the chances better for a third party, but the Chicago Convention became a carnival of freaks, due to allowing any one to become a dele- gate who happened to have railroad fare. You are acquainted with the motly throng that wavered between Debs and Chris"tenson. But more of this later.
We hear from the famous front porch and from the rear platform of the "Democrat Limited" that it makes all the difference in the world which party is elected, that our national safety hinges upon it. But up in New York state this month they had a special election to fill the seats of the five Socialists who were ousted five months ago from the senate. Fortunately, many non-Socialist Democrats expressed their hearty dis- approval of that act of legalized, but none the less rev- olutionary violence and sent them back.
In three of these districts the Democrats and Re- publicans lorgot the League, seemed never to have heard of a "slush fund" charge, and united in a fusion ticket. In Ohio there is a merry battle, the lie is banded back and forth — and in the most hotly contested districts of New York there is partnership.
Comment is superfluous. One could continue with other illustrations. One of the gleams, however, which seem to point the way to a happier day, is the rising influence of the West. While the "boys" are "getting the money" from international bankers, the F'armer- Labor party is financed solely by its rank and file, be- lieving that ideals worth voting for are worth some-
The Carolina Magazine
7
thing to get others to vote for. And that is the reason why it is not going to pile up a large vote in November, and for this very same reason it is the hope of patient men and women the country over that the new- party may become a permanent institution.
I remarked to a certain prominent Republican in Orange county recently that even the straight out and out Socialist party would poll four million votes in this election, and he grudgingly admitted that it was now one of the largest factors to deal with that both parties have to face, while a Liberal party might become quite formidable.
Things are happening these days. Pick up your "Times." One day there is political revolution in Montana. ' The next day a most amazing victory for what the News and Observer would probably call "Reds" in Colorado. Again, organized labor in Texas swamps Bailey, despite double-page advertisements about the dangers of Gompers. Mr. Esch, of Esch- Cummins fame severely defeated in Wisconsin. Up in North Dakota the State Bank prospers and so do the farmers who run it under a "Socialist" regime. Nine state federations of labor are behind it, as well as the United Mine Workers. The, old Non-Partisan League of the Dakotas are serving- as good foundations. Yet it is doubtful if they carry a single state. For it is a gigantic business proposition. It is a science, a thing that demands a well-oiled machinery working at all hours. The Farmer-Labor party depends upon what it believes to be the soundness of its doctrines, the increas- ing drift toward them by awakening groups, and the widespread disgust of the old parties avoidance of vital issues.
I believe there is an intense desire on the part of a majority of Americans, though they may differ among themselves in shades of progressiveness, liberalism, and, if you will, radicalism, for a new Golden-mean party, a party based on action, not tommyrot. To this group will come the intelligents, the progressives, the malcontents of both parties, and, we believe, a good block of the woman's vote. The Farmer-Labor party will have much of the American Legion behind it. At present its national organization is incomplete but it should serve as a nucleus. It will progress slowly but surely like the rumbling of the rising of the tide.
THE CANDIDATES
Whatever happens, we may be sure that Harding cannot make the mistake that Woodrow Wilson made, that of appointing men to the cabinet who were in- ferior to him in ability. What Mr. Dooley said about two other candidates might very well be applied to Harding and Cox. They are as far apart as the two poles, and as much alike.
Just the same one can not help from admiring the nerve of a man who can attempt to reconcile the views of men like Taft, Johnson and Lenroot. He is attempt- in"- to reconcile his own votes for the League and Mr.
Root's work for the League with a party position thai will create a definite issue against the Democrats. Small wonder, then, that he is beginning to rival cer- tain collegiate persons of our acquaintance in the art of talking for an hour without in any manner what- soever divulging his views upon, the question at hand. His intentions elude you in a spray of polysyllables and ambiguities. He frankly does not know what he wants, but he vaguely feels that somewhere, somehow, in some way or other we ought to work out an international understanding. He does not know, but he does firmly believe that the Republicans after next March 4th will try hard to bring this about.
Cox, on the other hand, is a much more agile ; a most consummate politician. Cox plumps along mer- rily for the League without showing the faintest sign that he cares about it deeply or has thought very much about it. He says "I'm for going in," and then in a jiffy is haranging and denouncing slush funds, or rather the Republican one. While the governor sails blithely- over the ground, never touching it, the senator grubs along and perspires.
The whole logic, which from the start has con- fronted the Democrats is a break with the administra- tion or defeat. The break, the new forces, have not appeared.
But believe you me, as Ring Lardner would say, there is enough discontent in the rank and tile of both parties in the electorate to smash up many present political calculations.
Tom Watson just beat Hoke Smith, political wise- acres' predictions to the contrary notwithstanding. ( )ut in Wisconsin, in which state the liberal movement is extending its influence, elected all its major officers from the Non-Partisan League.
To win a national election the Southern Bourbon Machine democracy, the Northern Tammany, the Western Republican progressivism must be backed by a large progressive vote. They need more often "a broader and kindlier appeal" to the independents and liberals. It was that which elected them in 1916. Cox is bidding for it, but what have we to go by other than past experiences? And we have been stung once too often.
And so, as we look forward to a Republican Ad- ministration with drawn faces of anxiety, we know what to expect — the worse.
In an early issue this series will be continued and the same author will contrast the inevitable disorder that the country faces against the background of the Eu- ropean situation, where the fate of at least two nations still, at this late hour, rests upon America's attitude towards the rest of the world. The British Labor Movement, the Third Internationale, and Russia will each come in for consideration in this next article. — Editor.
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What would you do if you had a million handed you with no strings to it? CAROLINA MAGAZINE will pay for the best answers to that question. Watch for our announcement on the campus.
8
The Carolina Magazine
A Thought for the Hour
By Dr. Archibald Henderson
MY FAITH in the future of the University of North Carolina rests in the sanity of our spirit and in the seriousness of the purpose of our young men and women. The immediate lesson of the Great War was the universal recog- nition that the higher civilization of the future is destined to he an out- growth of the liberalizing spirit of humanity. Our great task here is the pursuit of the truth for the truth's sake. Enthusiasm for the ardous work of research and the passion for enlarging the domain of human knowledge must he the dominant im- pulses of the creative university — of today and of the future. As Helm- holz said: "We must work at the con- tines of knowledge and conquer new regions."
At this present moment — a crucial one in the history of the institution — the University of North Carolina is beset by grave dangers — the lack of space, of means, of equipment, of adequate facilities. 1 have confidence that the people of the state will respond to the urgent call of higher education, once they become fully aware of the gravity of the situation. Not higher education alone, but democracy itself, is at stake. For after all, was not Pasteur right when he defined de- mocracy as that form of civilization which en- ables every individual to put forth his utmost
DR. HENDERSON r.\ HIS STUDY
effort? No democratic state can remain per- manently great which curtails the normal de- velopment of the human spirit and sets bounds to the progress of investigation. Material wealth is desirable; prosperity is gratifying; mere utility has its place in education. But the highest function of the Unniversity, which the state must conserve and foster, is greater than all of these. It is nothing less than pro- ductive genius, the spirit of pure research — the creative force of civilization itself.
EDITOR'S NOTE
CONCERNING Dr. Archibald Henderson, whose And so it goes. A half dozen books published on
article "O. Henry— Artist and Fun-maker," both sides of the water, and on subjects ranging from appears in this number of the Carolina Magazine, ;i mathematical work that elicited world-wide com- llolhrook Jackson, famous English critic, has this to ment and recognition, to his monumental "Life and
Works of George Bernard Shaw", represent one phase of the man that Edwin Markham has described as
say : "In a way Dr. I fenderson gets what he seeks. I [e knows everybody. I lint to him half the name of a man who is doing anything in